Pub Date : 2025-01-03DOI: 10.1016/j.ijft.2025.101056
Shatha Alyazouri , Ammar Alkhalidi
Most countries of the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region suffer from water scarcity and stress, especially in areas with high solar isolation and hot weather. Nuclear energy offers many potentials, including low-cost, large-scale supply, eco-friendly energy production, and optimal alternatives to depleted fossil fuel-based energy production. This study conducts a preliminary economic analysis of nuclear desalination, focusing on three reactor technologies of interest in the MENA region —APR-1400, HTR-PM, and SMART— each coupled with Reverse Osmosis (RO) and Multi-Effect Distillation (MED) methods. Utilizing the Desalination Economic Evaluation Program (DEEP) model, the indicative analysis reveals that high-temperature helium-cooled reactors exhibit the most cost-effective outcomes for both MED and RO desalination. Generally, RO desalination systems demonstrate lower costs than MED options. Significantly, all scenarios fall within an economically viable range of 0.69 to 1.04 $/m³. Moreover, a sensitivity analysis shows that RO desalination processes are more sensitive to the salinity of the feedwater.
{"title":"Economic perspectives on nuclear desalination deployment in the MENA region","authors":"Shatha Alyazouri , Ammar Alkhalidi","doi":"10.1016/j.ijft.2025.101056","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijft.2025.101056","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Most countries of the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region suffer from water scarcity and stress, especially in areas with high solar isolation and hot weather. Nuclear energy offers many potentials, including low-cost, large-scale supply, eco-friendly energy production, and optimal alternatives to depleted fossil fuel-based energy production. This study conducts a preliminary economic analysis of nuclear desalination, focusing on three reactor technologies of interest in the MENA region —APR-1400, HTR-PM, and SMART— each coupled with Reverse Osmosis (RO) and Multi-Effect Distillation (MED) methods. Utilizing the Desalination Economic Evaluation Program (DEEP) model, the indicative analysis reveals that high-temperature helium-cooled reactors exhibit the most cost-effective outcomes for both MED and RO desalination. Generally, RO desalination systems demonstrate lower costs than MED options. Significantly, all scenarios fall within an economically viable range of 0.69 to 1.04 $/m³. Moreover, a sensitivity analysis shows that RO desalination processes are more sensitive to the salinity of the feedwater.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermofluids","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 101056"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143168131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The optimization of 3D-printed drone performance remains a significant challenge in achieving both efficiency and cost-effectiveness. Traditional single-algorithm approaches often fail to address the complex interplay between structural dynamics and energy efficiency requirements. Current approaches lack integrated optimization techniques that could complement each other's strengths in addressing these multifaceted challenges in drone design and performance. This paper presents a novel multi-algorithm optimization framework integrating Response Surface Methodology with Box-Behnken Design (RSM-BBD), Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs), and Osprey Optimization Algorithm (OOA). The approach systematically optimizes three critical parameters: frame length (20-30 cm), DC brushless motor (1250-1750 kV), and flight duration (3-5 minutes). Finite Element Analysis (FEA) validates the structural integrity of the optimized components under operational stresses. The integrated framework demonstrates complementary strengths across methods. RSM-BBD achieved superior results in battery consumption optimization with R² = 0.9801, while OOA excelled in stability enhancement by determining optimal parameters (20 cm frame length, 1456.47 kV brushless motor, and 3.69 minutes flight duration). ANNs effectively captured overall system dynamics with R² = 0.97362, providing comprehensive performance prediction. This synergistic approach establishes a new paradigm for drone optimization, maintaining manufacturing costs at $115.79 while delivering significant performance improvements. The framework provides a foundation for future developments in cost-effective, high-performance drone manufacturing and design optimization.
{"title":"Optimization of 3D printed drone performance using synergistic multi algorithms","authors":"Pedklah Kamonsukyunyong , Tossapon Katongtung , Thongchai Rohitatisha Srinophakun , Somboon Sukpancharoen","doi":"10.1016/j.ijft.2025.101058","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijft.2025.101058","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The optimization of 3D-printed drone performance remains a significant challenge in achieving both efficiency and cost-effectiveness. Traditional single-algorithm approaches often fail to address the complex interplay between structural dynamics and energy efficiency requirements. Current approaches lack integrated optimization techniques that could complement each other's strengths in addressing these multifaceted challenges in drone design and performance. This paper presents a novel multi-algorithm optimization framework integrating Response Surface Methodology with Box-Behnken Design (RSM-BBD), Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs), and Osprey Optimization Algorithm (OOA). The approach systematically optimizes three critical parameters: frame length (20-30 cm), DC brushless motor (1250-1750 kV), and flight duration (3-5 minutes). Finite Element Analysis (FEA) validates the structural integrity of the optimized components under operational stresses. The integrated framework demonstrates complementary strengths across methods. RSM-BBD achieved superior results in battery consumption optimization with R² = 0.9801, while OOA excelled in stability enhancement by determining optimal parameters (20 cm frame length, 1456.47 kV brushless motor, and 3.69 minutes flight duration). ANNs effectively captured overall system dynamics with R² = 0.97362, providing comprehensive performance prediction. This synergistic approach establishes a new paradigm for drone optimization, maintaining manufacturing costs at $115.79 while delivering significant performance improvements. The framework provides a foundation for future developments in cost-effective, high-performance drone manufacturing and design optimization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermofluids","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 101058"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143168473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study, the magnetohydrodynamic natural convection heat transfer and flow behavior in a trapezoidal cavity with a partially heated zigzagged sidewall filled with nanofluid are numerically analyzed. A magnetic field is applied across the sidewall to investigate its impact on the thermal and hydrodynamic characteristics. The research explores the influence of critical parameters, including the Rayleigh number, nanoparticle volume fraction, number of zigzags on the sidewall, Hartmann number, and magnetic field inclination. The governing equations are solved using the RBF-FD meshless method, offering a flexible and accurate framework for modeling complex cavity geometries. The model’s accuracy is validated through comparisons with results reported in existing literature. The results indicate that increasing the number of zigzags improves flow uniformity but significantly reduces heat transfer due to increased flow resistance and the disruption of convection currents. This reduction is further intensified by the application of a magnetic field. For a nanofluid with a concentration of , the average Nusselt number decreases by 40% as the Hartmann number increases to 60. However, this reduction can be mitigated by adjusting the inclination angle , with an improvement of approximately 17% in the average Nusselt number observed when increases from 0° to 60°. Additionally, higher nanoparticle concentrations slightly enhance heat transfer. A comparison of -water and -water nanofluids reveals consistent thermal behavior between these two types of nanoparticles. These findings provide insights for optimizing nanofluid performance under magnetic field conditions and highlight the flexibility and accuracy of the meshless method for simulating magnetohydrodynamic heat transfer, particularly in unconventional cavity configurations.
{"title":"Meshless numerical analysis of natural MHD convection in a zigzag trapezoidal cavity filled with nanofluid","authors":"Youssef Es-Sabry , Mouad Benaicha , Mohammed Jeyar , Elmiloud Chaabelasri","doi":"10.1016/j.ijft.2024.101041","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijft.2024.101041","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, the magnetohydrodynamic natural convection heat transfer and flow behavior in a trapezoidal cavity with a partially heated zigzagged sidewall filled with nanofluid are numerically analyzed. A magnetic field is applied across the sidewall to investigate its impact on the thermal and hydrodynamic characteristics. The research explores the influence of critical parameters, including the Rayleigh number, nanoparticle volume fraction, number of zigzags on the sidewall, Hartmann number, and magnetic field inclination. The governing equations are solved using the RBF-FD meshless method, offering a flexible and accurate framework for modeling complex cavity geometries. The model’s accuracy is validated through comparisons with results reported in existing literature. The results indicate that increasing the number of zigzags improves flow uniformity but significantly reduces heat transfer due to increased flow resistance and the disruption of convection currents. This reduction is further intensified by the application of a magnetic field. For a nanofluid with a concentration of <span><math><mrow><mi>ϕ</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>01</mn></mrow></math></span>, the average Nusselt number decreases by 40% as the Hartmann number increases to 60. However, this reduction can be mitigated by adjusting the inclination angle <span><math><mi>γ</mi></math></span>, with an improvement of approximately 17% in the average Nusselt number observed when <span><math><mrow><mo>|</mo><mi>γ</mi><mo>|</mo></mrow></math></span> increases from 0° to 60°. Additionally, higher nanoparticle concentrations slightly enhance heat transfer. A comparison of <span><math><mi>Cu</mi></math></span>-water and <span><math><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>Al</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub><msub><mrow><mi>O</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow></msub></mrow></math></span>-water nanofluids reveals consistent thermal behavior between these two types of nanoparticles. These findings provide insights for optimizing nanofluid performance under magnetic field conditions and highlight the flexibility and accuracy of the meshless method for simulating magnetohydrodynamic heat transfer, particularly in unconventional cavity configurations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermofluids","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 101041"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143168148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
It is an important fact that the Casson liquid suspension staying in staggered domains with moving boundaries claims daily life engineering standpoints. In this direction, anti-parallel drive of upper and lower walls of cavity results in a complicated formulation and hence it remains a challenging task for researchers to identify flow field properties of the liquid suspension. Motivated from this fact, we consider cavity with non-Newtonian Casson fluid. An inclined magnetic field and natural convection are applied. To be more precise, we considered three different cavity aspect ratios (AR = 0.4 ≤ 0.6 ≤ 0.8) of the staggered cavity. The walls are subject to no-slip conditions, except for the top and bottom walls, which have antiparallel boundaries. The right wall is kept at a cold temperature, while the left wall is uniformly heated. The remaining walls are exposed to adiabatic conditions. The flow equations are solved via finite element method (FEM). Velocity and temperature are all presented using contour plots with an inclined magnetic field. The value of kinetic energy is noted against the magnetic, Casson parameters, and Rayleigh number in tabular form. It is observed that increasing the aspect ratios across various physical parameters leads to a reduction in the size of vortices. Moreover, neural networking model is constructed to enhance the accuracy of predicting kinetic energy values. These models consist of three inputs, ten hidden layers, and one output. The training of this network utilizes the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm. The best average mean squared error (MSE) value is identified as 6.29807E-05 in the case of ANN model-I. The comparison of numerical values and ANN predicted values are displayed through graphs, which are in good agreement.
{"title":"Neural networking analysis on heat transfer in Casson fluid with mixed convection equipped in staggered cavity with anti-parallel moving boundary","authors":"Nabeela Kousar , Khalil Ur Rehman , Nosheen Fatima , Wasfi Shatanawi , Zeeshan Asghar","doi":"10.1016/j.ijft.2025.101053","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijft.2025.101053","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>It is an important fact that the Casson liquid suspension staying in staggered domains with moving boundaries claims daily life engineering standpoints. In this direction, anti-parallel drive of upper and lower walls of cavity results in a complicated formulation and hence it remains a challenging task for researchers to identify flow field properties of the liquid suspension. Motivated from this fact, we consider cavity with non-Newtonian Casson fluid. An inclined magnetic field and natural convection are applied. To be more precise, we considered three different cavity aspect ratios (<em>AR</em> = 0.4 ≤ 0.6 ≤ 0.8) of the staggered cavity. The walls are subject to no-slip conditions, except for the top and bottom walls, which have antiparallel boundaries. The right wall is kept at a cold temperature, while the left wall is uniformly heated. The remaining walls are exposed to adiabatic conditions. The flow equations are solved via finite element method (FEM). Velocity and temperature are all presented using contour plots with an inclined magnetic field. The value of kinetic energy is noted against the magnetic, Casson parameters, and Rayleigh number in tabular form. It is observed that increasing the aspect ratios across various physical parameters leads to a reduction in the size of vortices. Moreover, neural networking model is constructed to enhance the accuracy of predicting kinetic energy values. These models consist of three inputs, ten hidden layers, and one output. The training of this network utilizes the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm. The best average mean squared error (MSE) value is identified as 6.29807E-05 in the case of ANN model-I. The comparison of numerical values and ANN predicted values are displayed through graphs, which are in good agreement.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermofluids","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 101053"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143168128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Efficient thermal management is crucial for high-capacity Li-Ion batteries used in electric vehicles and energy storage systems. The study presents and evaluates novel designs of Serpentine Channel Heat Sinks (SCHS) that integrate rectangular ribs with rectangular (RRRG) and triangular grooves (RRTG). These novel designs are specifically optimized for battery cooling, where maintaining consistent thermal performance is crucial for safety and durability. The present study investigates the influence of groove geometry on fluid dynamics and heat transport, in contrast to traditional designs. This work evaluates thermal performance, including surface heat transfer coefficients, Nusselt numbers, and pressure drops, using ANSYS Fluent models. As compared with smooth channel heat sink Nusselt number of 9, the average increase in Nusselt number for RRRG and RRTG is 46 and 36, respectively. The average pressure drops for RRRG and RRTG is higher than smooth channel heat sink by 56 and 35, respectively. As opposed to a smooth channel heat sink, the average thermal enhancement efficiency for RRRG and RRTG is 22 % and 12 % higher, respectively. The results suggest that the geometric arrangement of rectangular ribs and grooves greatly enhances heat transfer by increasing turbulence and disrupting the thermal boundary layer. These findings provide significant insights for the advancement of battery cooling systems, contributing to the reduction of thermal runaway dangers and prolonging battery lifespan.
{"title":"Novel design of serpentine channel heat sinks with rectangular and triangular ribs and grooves for 25Ah Li-ion battery thermal management","authors":"John Sathvik Sakkera , Ravikiran Chintalapudi , Bridjesh Pappula , Seshibe Makgato","doi":"10.1016/j.ijft.2024.101011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijft.2024.101011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Efficient thermal management is crucial for high-capacity Li-Ion batteries used in electric vehicles and energy storage systems. The study presents and evaluates novel designs of Serpentine Channel Heat Sinks (SCHS) that integrate rectangular ribs with rectangular (RRRG) and triangular grooves (RRTG). These novel designs are specifically optimized for battery cooling, where maintaining consistent thermal performance is crucial for safety and durability. The present study investigates the influence of groove geometry on fluid dynamics and heat transport, in contrast to traditional designs. This work evaluates thermal performance, including surface heat transfer coefficients, Nusselt numbers, and pressure drops, using ANSYS Fluent models. As compared with smooth channel heat sink Nusselt number of 9, the average increase in Nusselt number for RRRG and RRTG is 46 and 36, respectively. The average pressure drops for RRRG and RRTG is higher than smooth channel heat sink by 56 and 35, respectively. As opposed to a smooth channel heat sink, the average thermal enhancement efficiency for RRRG and RRTG is 22 % and 12 % higher, respectively. The results suggest that the geometric arrangement of rectangular ribs and grooves greatly enhances heat transfer by increasing turbulence and disrupting the thermal boundary layer. These findings provide significant insights for the advancement of battery cooling systems, contributing to the reduction of thermal runaway dangers and prolonging battery lifespan.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermofluids","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 101011"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143161083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ijft.2024.101038
Ahmed Ramadhan Al-Obaidi , Anas Alwatban
Analysis of thermal flow and the heat performance with dimple pipes under various geometric configurations are carried out in the current study. The focus of the current research work is on behavior of thermal flow characteristics, pressure, and different velocity components in heat exchanger pipes that have inner pipe wall dimples. The study employs the CFD technique to perform three-dimensional computational computations to investigate the impact of four geometrical parameters on thermo-hydraulic performance enhancement: dimple pitch, dimple diameter, dimple number, and dimple distance between dimples. Additionally, the Taguchi and Response Surface Methods in conjunction with design of experiments (DOE) methodologies are used to optimize the impact of the following factors. The utilization of dimples on inner surface of wall tube caused distinct patterns in the flow and heat performance, according to the results. Additionally, by using dimples, the area of heat performance can be increased because of the interactions that occur between the swirling flow and the dimpled wall surfaces, which enhance heat transfer performance. A thorough flow investigation between the dimples and wall pipe describes the reasons for the changes in heat transmission and pressure. Compared to smooth pipe, optimal design of dimpled pipe was improved approximately 35.8% and 36.2%, according to results of an orthogonal experiment conducted in this investigation using the computational fluid dynamic method with DOE, RSM, and TM for temperature differences and rate of heat. The results indicate that there was a high value of higher than one for the performance evaluation factor (PEF). The aforementioned findings suggest that dimple optimization, enhanced heat transfer efficiency, and the flow of hydrodynamic analysis are necessary for a variety of design applications. Difference between the present numerical and experimental data for Nu and f factours which were around 7.5 and 6.5%.
{"title":"Improvement of thermohydraulic performance of flow based on novel dimpled tubes on response surface methodology and Taguchi technique-fitted experiment design","authors":"Ahmed Ramadhan Al-Obaidi , Anas Alwatban","doi":"10.1016/j.ijft.2024.101038","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijft.2024.101038","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Analysis of thermal flow and the heat performance with dimple pipes under various geometric configurations are carried out in the current study. The focus of the current research work is on behavior of thermal flow characteristics, pressure, and different velocity components in heat exchanger pipes that have inner pipe wall dimples. The study employs the CFD technique to perform three-dimensional computational computations to investigate the impact of four geometrical parameters on thermo-hydraulic performance enhancement: dimple pitch, dimple diameter, dimple number, and dimple distance between dimples. Additionally, the Taguchi and Response Surface Methods in conjunction with design of experiments (DOE) methodologies are used to optimize the impact of the following factors. The utilization of dimples on inner surface of wall tube caused distinct patterns in the flow and heat performance, according to the results. Additionally, by using dimples, the area of heat performance can be increased because of the interactions that occur between the swirling flow and the dimpled wall surfaces, which enhance heat transfer performance. A thorough flow investigation between the dimples and wall pipe describes the reasons for the changes in heat transmission and pressure. Compared to smooth pipe, optimal design of dimpled pipe was improved approximately 35.8% and 36.2%, according to results of an orthogonal experiment conducted in this investigation using the computational fluid dynamic method with DOE, RSM, and TM for temperature differences and rate of heat. The results indicate that there was a high value of higher than one for the performance evaluation factor (PEF). The aforementioned findings suggest that dimple optimization, enhanced heat transfer efficiency, and the flow of hydrodynamic analysis are necessary for a variety of design applications. Difference between the present numerical and experimental data for Nu and f factours which were around 7.5 and 6.5%.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermofluids","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 101038"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143161337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ijft.2024.101039
R.A Oderinu , S.O. Salawu , A.D. Ohaeghue , S. Alao , E.I. Akinola , J.A. Owolabi
Due to their enormous importance, efficient and optimal performance in industrial applications heavily rely on the proper handling, maintenance, and management of reacting systems, particularly exothermic reactions. This study aims to quantitatively analyze the impact of thermal characteristics on temperature in a dual exothermic reaction with radiative cooling within co-axial cylinders, employing three distinct boundary conditions. Appropriate similarity variables were employed to transform the dimensional equation in a cylindrical coordinate system into dimensionless differential equation. The problem is solved using the iterative analytical method, which relies on the principle of weighted residuals. The approach's validity is demonstrated by observing the convergence of results and comparing it with that of the Runge-Kutta method in Maple mathematical software. An in-depth investigation and discussion were conducted on the impact of significant thermal parameters and critical conditions on temperature. The physical features have a similar effect on the temperature for all three boundaries, although with varying degrees of impact: increase in the initiation rate (ρ), Frank-Kamenetskii (α), second step (β)and reaction kinetics (n) parameters enhanced the temperature profile of the reacting system, while a fall in the temperature was observed with an increase in the radiation parameter. Furthermore, conditions that could trigger an uncontrollable reaction are discovered and it was observed that an increase in the activation energy parameter (δ)delayed possible explosion within the system, on the other hand an increase in β hasten possible explosion in the system. Therefore, engineers should be aware of sensitive thermal factors and take proper cognizance during design. They should also include a mechanism that considers the cooling of the system.
{"title":"Numerical exploration and thermal criticality of a dual exothermic reaction with radiative heat loss in co-axial cylinder configurations","authors":"R.A Oderinu , S.O. Salawu , A.D. Ohaeghue , S. Alao , E.I. Akinola , J.A. Owolabi","doi":"10.1016/j.ijft.2024.101039","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijft.2024.101039","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Due to their enormous importance, efficient and optimal performance in industrial applications heavily rely on the proper handling, maintenance, and management of reacting systems, particularly exothermic reactions. This study aims to quantitatively analyze the impact of thermal characteristics on temperature in a dual exothermic reaction with radiative cooling within co-axial cylinders, employing three distinct boundary conditions. Appropriate similarity variables were employed to transform the dimensional equation in a cylindrical coordinate system into dimensionless differential equation. The problem is solved using the iterative analytical method, which relies on the principle of weighted residuals. The approach's validity is demonstrated by observing the convergence of results and comparing it with that of the Runge-Kutta method in Maple mathematical software. An in-depth investigation and discussion were conducted on the impact of significant thermal parameters and critical conditions on temperature. The physical features have a similar effect on the temperature for all three boundaries, although with varying degrees of impact: increase in the initiation rate (ρ), Frank-Kamenetskii (α), second step (β)and reaction kinetics (<em>n</em>) parameters enhanced the temperature profile of the reacting system, while a fall in the temperature was observed with an increase in the radiation parameter. Furthermore, conditions that could trigger an uncontrollable reaction are discovered and it was observed that an increase in the activation energy parameter (δ)delayed possible explosion within the system, on the other hand an increase in β hasten possible explosion in the system. Therefore, engineers should be aware of sensitive thermal factors and take proper cognizance during design. They should also include a mechanism that considers the cooling of the system.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermofluids","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 101039"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143161885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ijft.2024.101036
An-Shik Yang , Yen-Ren Liao , Zhengtong Li , Chih-Yung Wen , Yee-Ting Lee
Nanofluids in microchannels have been a promising possibility for electronic cooling uses due to high heat removal rates and reduced energy consumption. This study conducts the experimental measurements to analyze the combined effects of concentration of nanoparticles and geometrical design in terms of the aspect ratio (AR) and hydraulic diameter (Dh) on the thermal and frictional outcomes of Al2O3/water nanofluids throughout the microchannels at varied Reynolds numbers and heat loads. Theoretically, the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations are performed using the three-dimensional (3D) single-phase and mixture models to determine the velocity, temperature and nanoparticle concentration distributions. The predicted heat transfer coefficients and pressure drops using the mixture model agree well with the experimental data for model validation. In the impact study, an increase in AR from 2.0 to 5.0 can increase the average pressure drop and heat transfer coefficient by 28.2 %-41.5 % and 23.9 %-38.3 % over the Reynolds numbers of 300–1900, respectively. In contrast, the decline of Dh from 1.38 mm to 0.92 mm can intensify flow resistance and heat transfer by 24.4 %-35.5 % and 21.3 %-36.6 %. Among the assessments of four well-known correlations, the related correlation from Chen and Cheng achieves the most accurate estimates of the Nusselt number of Al2O3/water nanofluid. The microchannel layout with an aspect ratio of 5.0 can achieve the thermal performance factor up to 1.17.
{"title":"Experimental and numerical studies on thermal behavior and performance assessment of Al2O3/H2O nanofluids in microchannels for cooling solutions","authors":"An-Shik Yang , Yen-Ren Liao , Zhengtong Li , Chih-Yung Wen , Yee-Ting Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.ijft.2024.101036","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijft.2024.101036","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nanofluids in microchannels have been a promising possibility for electronic cooling uses due to high heat removal rates and reduced energy consumption. This study conducts the experimental measurements to analyze the combined effects of concentration of nanoparticles and geometrical design in terms of the aspect ratio (AR) and hydraulic diameter (<em>D<sub>h</sub></em>) on the thermal and frictional outcomes of Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>/water nanofluids throughout the microchannels at varied Reynolds numbers and heat loads. Theoretically, the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations are performed using the three-dimensional (3D) single-phase and mixture models to determine the velocity, temperature and nanoparticle concentration distributions. The predicted heat transfer coefficients and pressure drops using the mixture model agree well with the experimental data for model validation. In the impact study, an increase in AR from 2.0 to 5.0 can increase the average pressure drop and heat transfer coefficient by 28.2 %-41.5 % and 23.9 %-38.3 % over the Reynolds numbers of 300–1900, respectively. In contrast, the decline of <em>D<sub>h</sub></em> from 1.38 mm to 0.92 mm can intensify flow resistance and heat transfer by 24.4 %-35.5 % and 21.3 %-36.6 %. Among the assessments of four well-known correlations, the related correlation from Chen and Cheng achieves the most accurate estimates of the Nusselt number of Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>/water nanofluid. The microchannel layout with an aspect ratio of 5.0 can achieve the thermal performance factor up to 1.17.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermofluids","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 101036"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143161965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ijft.2024.100996
Duc Tran Duy , Vinh Nguyen Duy , Nguyen Tien Tan , Vu Minh Dien , Pham Hoa Binh
The energy crisis and related environmental issues due to the increasing power demand are the primary concerns in today's evolving globe. Modern energy conversion systems need dependability and scalability to overcome obstacles. This manuscript systematically examines recent research on high-performance thermoelectric materials, including novel alloys, nanostructured composites, and flexible materials designed to enhance energy conversion efficiency and adaptability across diverse environments. The literature selection spans peer-reviewed articles, patents, and emerging studies, emphasizing innovations in material properties, manufacturing methods, and design adaptations for transportation-specific challenges. In addition, this paper is organized to provide a dual perspective on both material innovation and practical integration in transportation systems, highlighting recent advancements in manufacturing processes and design. The unique structure of this review illuminates current limitations and prospective research pathways, offering insights for enhancing TEG performance and fostering sustainable, energy-efficient transportation technologies.
{"title":"A comprehensive review of advances in thermoelectric generators: Novel materials and enhanced applications for sustainable transportation","authors":"Duc Tran Duy , Vinh Nguyen Duy , Nguyen Tien Tan , Vu Minh Dien , Pham Hoa Binh","doi":"10.1016/j.ijft.2024.100996","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijft.2024.100996","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The energy crisis and related environmental issues due to the increasing power demand are the primary concerns in today's evolving globe. Modern energy conversion systems need dependability and scalability to overcome obstacles. This manuscript systematically examines recent research on high-performance thermoelectric materials, including novel alloys, nanostructured composites, and flexible materials designed to enhance energy conversion efficiency and adaptability across diverse environments. The literature selection spans peer-reviewed articles, patents, and emerging studies, emphasizing innovations in material properties, manufacturing methods, and design adaptations for transportation-specific challenges. In addition, this paper is organized to provide a dual perspective on both material innovation and practical integration in transportation systems, highlighting recent advancements in manufacturing processes and design. The unique structure of this review illuminates current limitations and prospective research pathways, offering insights for enhancing TEG performance and fostering sustainable, energy-efficient transportation technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermofluids","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100996"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143160999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ijft.2024.101003
Mohammadreza Asadi , Mohammad Behshad Shafii , Amirreza Ghahremani
Droplet impact is a widely used method for creating direct heat transfer between two fluids. This method enhances heat transfer between the working fluid and the phase change material (PCM). Therefore, a thorough investigation is carried out on the impact of an acetone droplet on a molten paraffin's pool surface, which leads to the simultaneous boiling of the acetone droplet and solidifying part of the paraffin in contact with the acetone, thereby significantly accelerating the slow phase change rate of the PCM used in thermal energy storage (TES) systems across various industries. The dynamics of impact and crater's evolution have been reported with varying Weber numbers (74–375), and temperature of the molten PCM's pool surface (65–90 °C). Furthermore, the experimental data obtained for the crater depth is compared with theoretical equations. Six regimes have been observed by changing the Weber number and pool surface temperature. An increase in the Weber number or surface temperature leads to a larger crater and higher jet and crown. As a novelty, to gain a more physical insight into this intricate phenomenon, the velocity field resulting from the impact, perpendicular and parallel to the pool surface, is obtained using the particle image velocimetry (PIV) and high-speed imaging for the first time. Upon impact, maximum velocity is at the lowest point of the crater, equaling approximately 10 % of the impact velocity. Also, solidified paraffin area increases with an increase in the Weber number (up to We = 297) and a decrease in the surface temperature. Solidified area at this Weber number at T = 90 °C is 9.3 % of that at 65 °C. Finally, the acetone vapor is visualized using Z-type Schlieren imaging. Acetone evaporation rate is increased with Weber number increment.
{"title":"Velocity field and dynamics behavior of a boiling droplet during impact onto a molten phase change material","authors":"Mohammadreza Asadi , Mohammad Behshad Shafii , Amirreza Ghahremani","doi":"10.1016/j.ijft.2024.101003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijft.2024.101003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Droplet impact is a widely used method for creating direct heat transfer between two fluids. This method enhances heat transfer between the working fluid and the phase change material (PCM). Therefore, a thorough investigation is carried out on the impact of an acetone droplet on a molten paraffin's pool surface, which leads to the simultaneous boiling of the acetone droplet and solidifying part of the paraffin in contact with the acetone, thereby significantly accelerating the slow phase change rate of the PCM used in thermal energy storage (TES) systems across various industries. The dynamics of impact and crater's evolution have been reported with varying Weber numbers (74–375), and temperature of the molten PCM's pool surface (65–90 °C). Furthermore, the experimental data obtained for the crater depth is compared with theoretical equations. Six regimes have been observed by changing the Weber number and pool surface temperature. An increase in the Weber number or surface temperature leads to a larger crater and higher jet and crown. As a novelty, to gain a more physical insight into this intricate phenomenon, the velocity field resulting from the impact, perpendicular and parallel to the pool surface, is obtained using the particle image velocimetry (PIV) and high-speed imaging for the first time. Upon impact, maximum velocity is at the lowest point of the crater, equaling approximately 10 % of the impact velocity. Also, solidified paraffin area increases with an increase in the Weber number (up to <em>We</em> = 297) and a decrease in the surface temperature. Solidified area at this Weber number at <em>T</em> = 90 °C is 9.3 % of that at 65 °C. Finally, the acetone vapor is visualized using Z-type Schlieren imaging. Acetone evaporation rate is increased with Weber number increment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermofluids","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 101003"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143161010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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