International Journal of Thermofluids最新文献

{"title":"Thermal analysis in unsteady oscillatory Darcy blood flow through stenosed artery","authors":"G. Shankar ,&nbsp;E.P. Siva ,&nbsp;D. Tripathi ,&nbsp;O. Anwar Beg","doi":"10.1016/j.ijft.2024.100864","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijft.2024.100864","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aims to provide an extensive overview of the consequences of heat source and thermal radiation on blood flow in stenosed arteries through Casson fluid. We examine the behaviour of an unsteady non-Newtonian fluid under oscillatory Darcy flow. This analysis explores the impact of blood flow in the stenosed arteries on the momentum and energy profiles of the Casson fluid. In addition, this study examines a parametric analysis to illustrate the impact of the Nusselt number and Casson parameter. Higher values of the thermal radiation and Casson-Viscous parameters result in enhanced velocity fields. The Brinkman model accurately represents the resistance to flow caused by the porous material, known as Darcy resistance. The inner space of the coronary artery generates cholesterol-rich fatty plaques and blood clots that block the artery, simulating the diseased condition of blood circulation in this study. We employ a set of non-dimensional variables to convert the governing equations of the current flow into dimensionless partial differential equations. Analytical methods have derived a solution for the studied problem. The discovery is pertinent to the natural circulation of blood through coronary arteries, which are highly porous. A particular artery pathology creates a permeable structure within the arterial lumen. The current study demonstrates that blood flow may be manipulated by adjusting the intensity of the external magnetic field, while the temperature of the blood can be managed by either increasing or decreasing its thermal conductivity. The graphical representation demonstrates the impact of different physical parameters on velocity, temperature, and concentration profiles. The significant results of the current studies are that, the fluid velocity diminishes with rising magnetic and Biot numbers but exhibits an increase when considering the Darcy number and Hall parameter. There is a gentle increase in the wall shear stress as the Casson parameter (<span><math><mi>β</mi></math></span>) increases from <em>0.1</em> to <em>0.3</em>. For <span><math><mi>β</mi></math></span> <em>= 0.3</em>, the percentage change along the axial direction (<em>x</em>) is more pronounced. This is because the wall shear stress is proportional to the number of Casson parameters.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermofluids","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 100864"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666202724003057/pdfft?md5=037e39a7191e18fd18e6d39a5fddfe9c&pid=1-s2.0-S2666202724003057-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142310270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermal performance of nanofluid natural convection magneto-hydrodynamics within a chamber equipped with a hot block","authors":"Omar S. Mahdy ,&nbsp;Ali B.M. Ali ,&nbsp;Marwah Sabah Mahdi ,&nbsp;Dheyaa J. Jasim ,&nbsp;Hamed Kazemi-Varnamkhasti ,&nbsp;Mohammad Goli ,&nbsp;Soheil Salahshour ,&nbsp;Sh. Baghaei","doi":"10.1016/j.ijft.2024.100873","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijft.2024.100873","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, flow and free convection thermal performance within a chamber in the presence of a permanent magnetic field are simulated. Boussinesq approximation and the Lorentz force equation are used for the density variation in free convection, and the magnetic field, respectively. The steady-state, two-dimensional, and incompressible governing equations are simulated using the Semi-Implicit Method for Pressure Linked Equations (SIMPLE). The present study is simulated for different Rayleigh numbers (Ra) corresponding to the situation where the conduction mechanism was predominant (<em>Ra</em>  =  100) and the convection heat transfer was predominant (<em>Ra</em>  =  10⁵). Also, different intensities of the magnetic field (0 ≤ <em>Ha</em>  ≤ 40) and different directions of the magnetic field along with the effects of three different nanoparticles Ag, Cu, and <em>Al</em>₂<em>O</em>₃ are given. The present study showed that in the case of the dominant convection mechanism, the presence of the magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) condition decreases the Nusselt number (Nu). However, if the conduction is predominant, the applied magnetic field improves the average Nu number. The optimum state for the magnetic field strength was found in the low Rayleigh number. The presence of nanoparticles also intensifies the magnetic field effects. In the high Rayleigh number, the heat transfer rate reduces by 13.5% with the increase of the Hartmann number.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermofluids","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 100873"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142358457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wire mesh-based heat transfer enhancement in absorber tube of solar collector-An experimental study","authors":"Pooja Raval ,&nbsp;Bharat Ramani ,&nbsp;Nikhilkumar Jagjivanbhai Chotai ,&nbsp;Karan Motwani","doi":"10.1016/j.ijft.2024.100878","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijft.2024.100878","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Urbanization and technological progress have intensified the demand for energy efficiency, prompting a shift towards renewable sources like solar energy. Among solar technologies, the parabolic trough collector stands out for capturing sunlight efficiently. Various methods, including optical concentration and improved fluid heat transfer, are employed to enhance the performance. This study investigates the thermal enhancement in the absorber tube of a parabolic trough solar collector using inserts like wire mesh twisted tape and circular ring wire mesh. Thermal oil Sigma therm K is taken as a working fluid at a constant mass flow rate of 0.18 kg/s. Parameters considered include Nusselt number, friction factor, and performance evaluation criteria for assessing the performance of inserts. Absorber tube made of copper with an internal diameter of 22 mm and 1300 mm length were taken. Wire mesh twisted tape of pitch 80 mm and circular ring wire mesh of diameter 18 mm have been tested. Experiments were conducted inside the laboratory with three different configurations, i.e., plain tube, wire mesh twisted tape, and circular ring wire mesh, for a duration of 50 min. The result reveals that circular ring wire mesh exhibits the highest thermal enhancement compared to wire mesh twisted tape and plain tube. The PEC of wire mesh twisted tape is 1.17, and the PEC of circular ring wire mesh is 1.34, proving the wire mesh inserts' efficacy. These findings validate the effectiveness of augmentation techniques that can be implemented to improve the performance of the solar collector.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermofluids","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 100878"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142319155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical investigation of different transverse Rib shapes on thermal convection in a channel filled with nanofluid","authors":"Fatima-Zahra Barhdadi ,&nbsp;Ikrame Jamal ,&nbsp;Kamal Amghar ,&nbsp;Salah Daoudi ,&nbsp;Réda Yahiaoui ,&nbsp;Kamal Ghoumid","doi":"10.1016/j.ijft.2024.100872","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijft.2024.100872","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the growing interest in energy optimization, corrugated surfaces are arguably an excellent choice, finding applications in areas as diverse as heat exchangers, automobiles, building energy efficiency, and chemical reactors. However, due to the poor thermal properties of conventional fluids, heat transfer is limited. The introduction of nanoparticles into fluids is a promising solution to improve their thermal performance. This paper does a detailed numerical analysis of how different factors affect the forced convection heat transfer in a two-dimensional ribed channel. The shape of the ribs is one of the factors that are looked at, along with some new parameters like e/H, which is the ratio of rib height to channel height, and L₂/P, which is the test section to the pitch between the ribs. The aim is to determine the optimum geometry that maximizes the Nusselt number while minimizing the pressure drop. The study also examines the effects of nanoparticle type and concentration on heat transfer and fluid flow characteristics. To this end, the continuity, momentum, and energy equations were solved with the finite volume method using the SIMPLE scheme with the k-ε turbulence model at different Reynolds numbers ranging from 4000 – 14,000. The results indicate that triangular ribs with ratios e/H = 0.15 and L₂/P = 4 increase the Nusselt number by 63.3 % while reducing the pressure drop by 22 % compared with the other cases. The improvement in heat transfer in the water-SiO₂ case was the greatest compared with the other nanofluids tested. Particle size fraction and Reynolds number increased the Nusselt number in ribbed channels by 20.7 % compared with water.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermofluids","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 100872"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666202724003136/pdfft?md5=faca4deda03292927c26a0d6dcb24290&pid=1-s2.0-S2666202724003136-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142310271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing the melting rate of RT42 paraffin wax in a square cell with varied copper fin lengths and orientations: A numerical simulation","authors":"Saif Ali Kadhim ,&nbsp;Karrar A. Hammoodi ,&nbsp;Mohammed J. Alshukri ,&nbsp;Issa Omle ,&nbsp;Karrar K. Abdul Hussein ,&nbsp;Abbas Fadhil Khalaf ,&nbsp;Ammar Elsheikh","doi":"10.1016/j.ijft.2024.100877","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijft.2024.100877","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Latent thermal energy storage units are especially preferred in renewable thermal energy systems for their significant capacity to store heat. Nevertheless, the phase change materials in these units have low thermal conductivity, prompting researchers to tackle this problem using several methods, such as incorporating fins. This numerical study contributes to improving the charging rate of a square cell (50 × 50 mm) used paraffin wax RT42 as phase change material by adding 4 copper fins inside, 1 mm thick and of different lengths. The fins were positioned on the left wall, where a constant-temperature heat flux was applied, while the other walls were thermally insulated. Four configurations of the cell were examined: without fins, with 10 mm length fins, with 20 mm length fins, and with 30 mm length fins, respectively. The results demonstrated that the presence of fins significantly improved the charging rate of the square cell. Compared to the baseline configuration without fins, the time required for the paraffin wax RT42 to completely melt was reduced by 22.22 %, 33.33 %, and 55.56 % with fins of 10 mm, 20 mm, and 30 mm lengths, respectively. Configuration four was also compared with a setup where similar fins were positioned on the bottom wall while maintaining the heat flux on the left wall. It was observed that the total melting time doubled compared to configuration four, suggesting that the optimal placement for the heat flux is on the wall where the fins are located. The study contributes to enhancing and developing the charge rates of square and rectangular PCM cells such as these used for cooling PV panels.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermofluids","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 100877"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142322938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nusselt and Reynolds numbers correlation for oscillatory flow of thermoacoustics over heated tube banks","authors":"Aw Lin Chou ,&nbsp;Fatimah Al Zahrah Mohd Saat ,&nbsp;Fadhilah Shikh Anuar ,&nbsp;Ahmed Hamood","doi":"10.1016/j.ijft.2024.100874","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijft.2024.100874","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The back-and-forth motion characteristic of the oscillatory flow brings complexity in predicting the heat transfer nature for thermoacoustic wave conditions. Investigating this is crucial as the flow forms the backbone for the thermodynamic cycles of its operation. Often, the steady approximation in calculating heat transfer leads to ambiguity in designing the system. This concern is addressed in this paper via an in-depth analysis of the fluid dynamic behavior and heat transfer characteristics of oscillatory flow within a thermoacoustic framework, spanning experimental works for Reynolds numbers ranging from 300 to 24,000. The investigation focused on a tube bank heat exchanger composed of nine tubes arranged in inline and staggered configurations. Experiments were conducted at constant tube surface temperatures treated at 40 °C and 80 °C, respectively. The distinguishing difference in heat transfer behaviors for oscillatory flow is visualized by the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) models, employing the Reynolds-Averaged Navier Stokes equation with the k-omega turbulence shear stress transport model. The flow never leaves the system, and it cyclically crosses the tubes back and forth with a travel distance that depends on the drive ratio of the flow. The unique nature of the flow forms the foundation for the experimental findings that show a linear relationship between the Nusselt and Reynolds numbers regardless of the configuration of tube banks and tube bank temperature. The Pearson ruler regression analysis was conducted using Matlab R2022b and a Nusselt correlation, Nu = 0.000853RePr⅓, is proposed with a confidence level of 95 %. Notably, the correlation aligns with the constant value known as the Colburn-j factor, with a value of 0.00083. The small Colburn-j value is shown to be the influence of the log-mean temperature difference characteristic of oscillatory flow. It shows a consistent heat transfer process between the heated tubes and surrounding fluid, which is important to sustain the thermoacoustic effect in the system. For future thermoacoustic design, the use of steady heat transfer correlation should be avoided or at least used with caution as the comparative analysis with published works concluded that the Nusselt and Reynolds correlation for steady flow tends to overpredict the heat transfer by two to threefold.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermofluids","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 100874"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S266620272400315X/pdfft?md5=94c79dcea17b8ef75649df0d895e5761&pid=1-s2.0-S266620272400315X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142310273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Depressurization-induced production of shale gas in organic-inorganic shale nanopores: A kinetic Monte Carlo simulation","authors":"Htet Myet Tun ,&nbsp;Sorayot Chinkanjanarot ,&nbsp;Sira Srinives ,&nbsp;Woranart Jonglertjunya ,&nbsp;Nikom Klomkliang ,&nbsp;Poomiwat Phadungbut","doi":"10.1016/j.ijft.2024.100879","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijft.2024.100879","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Methane gas production from unconventional reservoirs, such as shale formations, is in high demand due to the global energy needs. However, maximizing production remains challenging due to the ultra-tight porosity, heterogeneity, and complex nature of shale rocks under high pressure. To address this issue, we employ a novel kinetic Monte Carlo (kMC) simulation to investigate the molecular-level behavior of shale gas in both homogeneous and heterogeneous organic-inorganic shale nanopores. This approach not only provides accurate computations of shale gas under high pressure but also aims to uncover the mechanisms of shale gas storage at reservoir pressure and production during pressure drawdown. Our findings indicate that organic shale ultramicropores (pore width &lt; 0.7 nm) contribute significantly to the highest storage capacity of shale gas but pose challenges for production capacity solely through depressurization. In contrast, the free gas zone is the primary source of shale gas production from mesoporous shales, which has a high recovery efficiency but a low production capacity due to less pronounced interaction effects from the shale surface. The heterogeneous nature of shale surfaces leads to asymmetric distributions of density and potential energy across pore widths, with methane molecules favoring locations near organic pore walls due to stronger attractive interactions, while inorganic pore walls facilitate shale gas migration. Interestingly, the optimal ultramicropore size yields the highest recovery efficiency of shale gas via depressurization, characterized by a transition from near-commensurate to incommensurate molecular packing between reservoir and post-drawdown pressures. Based on these detailed molecular simulations, further research is necessary to develop innovative techniques for enhancing shale gas recovery, especially in micropores.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermofluids","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 100879"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142358458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Annular two-phase flow in a small diameter tube: OpenFOAM simulations with turbulence damping vs optical measurements","authors":"Emanuele Zanetti ,&nbsp;Arianna Berto ,&nbsp;Stefano Bortolin ,&nbsp;Mirco Magnini ,&nbsp;Davide Del Col","doi":"10.1016/j.ijft.2024.100871","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijft.2024.100871","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this work, numerical simulations are performed to predict two-phase annular flow of refrigerant R245fa inside a 3.4 mm diameter vertical channel. The VOF (Volume of Fluid) method implemented in an OpenFOAM solver is used to accurately track the vapor-liquid interface. A 2D axisymmetric domain is considered and the Adaptive Mesh Refinement (AMR) method is applied to the cells near the liquid/vapor interface. The Reynolds-Averaged Navier Stokes (RANS) equations are solved and the <em>k</em>-<em>ω</em> SST model is adopted for turbulence modelling in both the liquid and vapor phase. Simulations are used to calculate instantaneous and mean values of the liquid film thickness at mass flux <em>G</em> = 100 kg m^-2 s^-1 and vapor quality ranging between 0.2 and 0.85. Numerical results are compared against measurements of the liquid film thickness taken during vertical annular downflow. Previous works from the literature and the deviations observed between present numerical and experimental results suggest the need for turbulence damping at the vapor-liquid interface by adding a source term in the <em>ω</em> equation. The simulations show that a low value of the turbulence damping parameter (e.g. 1) causes the average liquid film thickness to increase by 25 %–52 % compared to the non-damped scenario. The interface presents large amplitude disturbance waves in the non-damped case, whereas small ripple waves are predicted when turbulence damping is introduced. Furthermore, the difference between the application of a symmetric and asymmetric treatment for the source term is analysed. From the comparison between experimental data and numerical simulations, it emerges that the value of the correct damping source term to be applied is strictly dependent on the vapor quality.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermofluids","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 100871"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142358468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simulation of Bingham–Papanastasiou model within trapezoidal cavity with mixed convection effects","authors":"Arooj Tanveer,&nbsp;Muhammad Bilal Ashraf","doi":"10.1016/j.ijft.2024.100863","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijft.2024.100863","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The study of Bingham–Papanastasiou fluids is conducted in lid-driven cavity with consideration of viscous dissipation. The upper and left wall of the cavity is cold while other walls are insulated. Numerical simulations are conducted to study the isotherms, temperature profile, local and average Nusselt number. The main focus of work is to analyse the behaviour of heat transfer within trapezoidal cavity. The governing system of nonlinear dimensionless partial differential equations is analysed by using PDE solver of finite element method in COMSOL. The analysis is carried out for different parameters like Reynolds number, Bingham parameter, stress growth parameter, Eckert number and Prandtl number. It is observed that impact of Bingham parameter on temperature variation is negligible while the impact of stress parameter leads to the reduction in temperature within cavity. The novelty of this work is that no work is done for the case of trapezoidal cavity where Bingham–Papanastasiou fluid behaviour is observed under the consideration of viscous dissipation and mixed convection.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermofluids","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 100863"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666202724003045/pdfft?md5=626ca853743b6f650b5559b8683c5d98&pid=1-s2.0-S2666202724003045-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142271316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental study and statistical analysis of system performance parameters of a household freezer","authors":"Mutlu Ipek ,&nbsp;Ibrahim Dincer","doi":"10.1016/j.ijft.2024.100867","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijft.2024.100867","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The present research comprehensively examines the influences of different input variables, such as cabinet load level, ambient temperature, relative humidity, door opening time and day, on the output parameters of frosting amount, recovery time, and total energy consumption of the upright domestic freezer following the door opening operation. Moreover, a holistic statistical methodology, which is known as the GLM-ANOVA, was implemented for determining the parametric experimental results. Meanwhile, the effects of binary interactions between the input factors on the output parameters were extensively evaluated using statistical methods. As a consequence, the amount of frost increases with an upward gradient as the load level within the cabinet escalates from 25 °C to 32 °C. Both the duration of door openings and the relative humidity level have a double impact on the frosting. Moreover, the duration required for the system to recover from half load to full load more than doubles with an increase in ambient temperature from 25 °C to 32 °C. On the other hand, at an outdoor temperature of 25 °C, the recovery time demonstrates a close to linear relationship with the load level of the cabinet. Furthermore, the duration of door openings and the load capacity within the cabinet are considered two important factors that simultaneously influence the daily energy consumption. The infiltration of ambient air into the freezer compartment and the presence of moisture in the air substantially increase the energy consumption, especially when the relative humidity fluctuates between 30 % and 65 % and the door opening duration stretches from 10 to 20 s, respectively.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermofluids","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 100867"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666202724003082/pdfft?md5=095cb5de058e49bcf69501178601422c&pid=1-s2.0-S2666202724003082-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142272195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}