Pub Date : 2023-12-31DOI: 10.5423/rpd.2023.29.4.440
Heeil Do, Seung Yeup Lee, Bang Wool Lee, H. Ham, Mi-Hyun Lee, Young Kee Lee
In August 2021, water-soaking symptoms of bacterial spot disease were observed on castor bean in a field in Gangseo District, Busan. Bacteria isolated from the lesion when cultured on tryptic soy agar appeared to be nonmucoid and pale green. To confirm whether the isolates were the causative agent of the spot disease, they were inoculated onto healthy castor bean plants. The same symptoms were observed on the inoculated tissue, and the bacteria were reisolated from the lesion. Furthermore, the isolates were consistent with the biochemical and physiological features of Pseudomonas capsici. Sequencing analysis using 16S rRNA and housekeeping genes (gyrB, rpoD) showed that the isolates shared a high sequence similarity with P. capsici. These results confirmed that the strains belonged to P. capsici. To our knowledge, this is the first report of bacterial spot disease caused by P. capsici on castor bean in Korea.
{"title":"First Report of Bacterial Spot Disease Caused by Pseudomonas capsici on Castor Bean in Korea","authors":"Heeil Do, Seung Yeup Lee, Bang Wool Lee, H. Ham, Mi-Hyun Lee, Young Kee Lee","doi":"10.5423/rpd.2023.29.4.440","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5423/rpd.2023.29.4.440","url":null,"abstract":"In August 2021, water-soaking symptoms of bacterial spot disease were observed on castor bean in a field in Gangseo District, Busan. Bacteria isolated from the lesion when cultured on tryptic soy agar appeared to be nonmucoid and pale green. To confirm whether the isolates were the causative agent of the spot disease, they were inoculated onto healthy castor bean plants. The same symptoms were observed on the inoculated tissue, and the bacteria were reisolated from the lesion. Furthermore, the isolates were consistent with the biochemical and physiological features of Pseudomonas capsici. Sequencing analysis using 16S rRNA and housekeeping genes (gyrB, rpoD) showed that the isolates shared a high sequence similarity with P. capsici. These results confirmed that the strains belonged to P. capsici. To our knowledge, this is the first report of bacterial spot disease caused by P. capsici on castor bean in Korea.","PeriodicalId":36349,"journal":{"name":"Research in Plant Disease","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139131804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-31DOI: 10.5423/rpd.2023.29.4.445
Kyoung-Taek Park, Soo-Min Hong, L. Ten, C. Back, Seung-Yeol Lee, In-Kyu Kang, Hee-Young Jung
Zamioculcas zamiifolia is a popular indoor ornamental plant in Korea. In August 2021, a severe outbreak of soft rot disease affected Z. zamiifolia in Emseong, Chungcheongbuk-do, Korea. Infected plants displayed wilting, water-soaked lesions, stem collapse, and green-brown discoloration. The bacterial strain KNUB-05-21 was isolated from infected stems and identified as Pectobacterium aroidearum using 16S rRNA nucleotide sequencing and multilocus sequence analysis based on partial sequences of dnaX, leuS, and recA genes. Confirmation of its affiliation with P. aroidearum was also obtained through biochemical and morphological characterization. To confirm the pathogenicity of strain KNUB-05-21, its suspension was injected into Z. zamiifolia stems. Within a week, soft rot developed on the stems, exhibiting symptoms similar to those observed in field-infected plants. The reisolated strain was identical to those of P. aroidearum. Before this study, P. aroidearum was not reported as a causative pathogen of Z. zamiifolia soft rot in Korea.
{"title":"First Report of Pectobacterium aroidearum Causing Soft Rot on Zamioculcas zamiifolia","authors":"Kyoung-Taek Park, Soo-Min Hong, L. Ten, C. Back, Seung-Yeol Lee, In-Kyu Kang, Hee-Young Jung","doi":"10.5423/rpd.2023.29.4.445","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5423/rpd.2023.29.4.445","url":null,"abstract":"Zamioculcas zamiifolia is a popular indoor ornamental plant in Korea. In August 2021, a severe outbreak of soft rot disease affected Z. zamiifolia in Emseong, Chungcheongbuk-do, Korea. Infected plants displayed wilting, water-soaked lesions, stem collapse, and green-brown discoloration. The bacterial strain KNUB-05-21 was isolated from infected stems and identified as Pectobacterium aroidearum using 16S rRNA nucleotide sequencing and multilocus sequence analysis based on partial sequences of dnaX, leuS, and recA genes. Confirmation of its affiliation with P. aroidearum was also obtained through biochemical and morphological characterization. To confirm the pathogenicity of strain KNUB-05-21, its suspension was injected into Z. zamiifolia stems. Within a week, soft rot developed on the stems, exhibiting symptoms similar to those observed in field-infected plants. The reisolated strain was identical to those of P. aroidearum. Before this study, P. aroidearum was not reported as a causative pathogen of Z. zamiifolia soft rot in Korea.","PeriodicalId":36349,"journal":{"name":"Research in Plant Disease","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139135416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-31DOI: 10.5423/rpd.2023.29.4.377
Wan-Gyu Kim, Hyo-Won Choi, Gyo-Bin Lee, W. Cho
In 2020 and 2021, we surveyed diseases of three-leaf ladybell (Adenophora triphylla) plants grown in fields at two locations in Korea. During the disease surveys, severe leaf rot symptoms were observed on the young plants in Hongseong, and stem rot symptoms on the adult plants in Cheolwon. The incidence of leaf rot was 5‒60%, and that of stem rot 1‒10%. We obtained 6 fungal isolates each from the leaf rot lesions and the stem rot lesions. All the isolates were morphologically identified as Rhizoctonia solani. Anastomosis test and investigation of cultural features of the fungal isolates revealed that the isolates from the leaf rot lesions corresponded to R. solani AG-1(IB), and those from the stem rot lesions to R. solani AG-2-2(IIIB). Two isolates each of R. solani AG-1(IB) and AG-2-2(IIIB) were used for DNA sequence analysis and pathogenicity test to three-leaf ladybell plants through artificial inoculation. The anastomosis groups and cultural types of the R. solani isolates were confirmed by the sequence analysis. The pathogenicity tests revealed that the isolates of R. solani AG- 1(IB) caused only leaf rot symptoms on the inoculated plants, and those of R. solani AG-2-2(IIIB) leaf rot and stem rot symptoms. The induced symptoms were similar to those observed in the fields investigated. Leaf and stem rot of three-leaf ladybell caused by the two anastomosis groups and cultural types of R. solani is first reported in this study.
2020 年和 2021 年，我们对韩国两地田间种植的三叶瓢虫（Adenophora triphylla）植株进行了病害调查。在病害调查期间，洪城的幼苗出现了严重的叶腐病症状，铁原的成株出现了茎腐病症状。叶腐病发病率为 5-60%，茎腐病发病率为 1-10%。我们分别从叶腐病害和茎腐病害中获得了 6 个真菌分离株。经形态鉴定，所有分离物均为根瘤菌（Rhizoctonia solani）。吻合试验和对真菌分离物培养特征的研究表明，叶腐病病斑中的分离物属于 R. solani AG-1（IB），茎腐病病斑中的分离物属于 R. solani AG-2-2（IIIB）。用 R. solani AG-1（IB）和 AG-2-2（IIIB）各两个分离株进行 DNA 序列分析，并通过人工接种对三叶瓢虫植株进行致病性试验。通过序列分析确认了 R. solani 分离物的吻合组和培养类型。致病性试验表明，R. solani AG-1（IB）分离株只对接种植株造成叶腐病症状，而 R. solani AG-2-2（IIIB）分离株则造成叶腐病和茎腐病症状。诱发的症状与调查田中观察到的症状相似。本研究首次报道了由两种吻合组和培养类型的 R. solani 引起的三叶瓢虫叶腐病和茎腐病。
{"title":"Identification and Pathogenicity of Rhizoctonia solani Isolates Causing Leaf and Stem Rot in Three-Leaf Ladybell","authors":"Wan-Gyu Kim, Hyo-Won Choi, Gyo-Bin Lee, W. Cho","doi":"10.5423/rpd.2023.29.4.377","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5423/rpd.2023.29.4.377","url":null,"abstract":"In 2020 and 2021, we surveyed diseases of three-leaf ladybell (Adenophora triphylla) plants grown in fields at two locations in Korea. During the disease surveys, severe leaf rot symptoms were observed on the young plants in Hongseong, and stem rot symptoms on the adult plants in Cheolwon. The incidence of leaf rot was 5‒60%, and that of stem rot 1‒10%. We obtained 6 fungal isolates each from the leaf rot lesions and the stem rot lesions. All the isolates were morphologically identified as Rhizoctonia solani. Anastomosis test and investigation of cultural features of the fungal isolates revealed that the isolates from the leaf rot lesions corresponded to R. solani AG-1(IB), and those from the stem rot lesions to R. solani AG-2-2(IIIB). Two isolates each of R. solani AG-1(IB) and AG-2-2(IIIB) were used for DNA sequence analysis and pathogenicity test to three-leaf ladybell plants through artificial inoculation. The anastomosis groups and cultural types of the R. solani isolates were confirmed by the sequence analysis. The pathogenicity tests revealed that the isolates of R. solani AG- 1(IB) caused only leaf rot symptoms on the inoculated plants, and those of R. solani AG-2-2(IIIB) leaf rot and stem rot symptoms. The induced symptoms were similar to those observed in the fields investigated. Leaf and stem rot of three-leaf ladybell caused by the two anastomosis groups and cultural types of R. solani is first reported in this study.","PeriodicalId":36349,"journal":{"name":"Research in Plant Disease","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139132054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-31DOI: 10.5423/rpd.2023.29.4.452
Kyoung-Taek Park, L. Ten, Soo-Min Hong, C. Back, Seung-Yeol Lee, Hee-Young Jung
In the Goesan region, located in Chungcheongbuk-do, Korea, a significant outbreak of soft rot infections was documented in August 2021, affecting fruits of Momordica charantia, commonly known as bitter melon or bitter gourd. The symptoms included a noticeable transition to yellowing in the affected fruits, eventually leading to their collapse. The bacterial strain KNUB-09-21 was isolated from the diseased fruits. Molecular analysis, using the sequences of the 16S rRNA region and three housekeeping genes (dnaX, recA, and leuS), along with the results of compound utilization in the API ID 32 GN system, provide strong evidence for the identification of the isolate KNUB-09-21 as Pectobacterium brasiliense. The pathogenicity of strain KNUB-09-21 on M. charantia was confirmed through a controlled inoculation test. Within two days, inoculated fruits displayed soft rot symptoms closely resembling those observed in naturally affected fruits. This is the first report of soft rot on M. charantia in Korea.
2021 年 8 月，位于韩国忠清北道的槐山地区爆发了严重的软腐病感染，受影响的是 Momordica charantia（俗称苦瓜或苦瓜）的果实。症状包括受害果实明显变黄，最终导致倒伏。从病果中分离出了细菌菌株 KNUB-09-21。利用 16S rRNA 区域和三个看家基因（dnaX、recA 和 leuS）的序列进行的分子分析，以及 API ID 32 GN 系统中化合物利用的结果，为确定分离菌株 KNUB-09-21 为巴西果杆菌提供了有力证据。通过控制接种试验证实了菌株 KNUB-09-21 对木菠萝的致病性。两天内，接种的果实表现出与自然受影响果实非常相似的软腐病症状。这是韩国首次报道木香软腐病。
{"title":"First Report of Pectobacterium brasiliense Causing Bitter Melon Soft Rot Disease in Korea","authors":"Kyoung-Taek Park, L. Ten, Soo-Min Hong, C. Back, Seung-Yeol Lee, Hee-Young Jung","doi":"10.5423/rpd.2023.29.4.452","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5423/rpd.2023.29.4.452","url":null,"abstract":"In the Goesan region, located in Chungcheongbuk-do, Korea, a significant outbreak of soft rot infections was documented in August 2021, affecting fruits of Momordica charantia, commonly known as bitter melon or bitter gourd. The symptoms included a noticeable transition to yellowing in the affected fruits, eventually leading to their collapse. The bacterial strain KNUB-09-21 was isolated from the diseased fruits. Molecular analysis, using the sequences of the 16S rRNA region and three housekeeping genes (dnaX, recA, and leuS), along with the results of compound utilization in the API ID 32 GN system, provide strong evidence for the identification of the isolate KNUB-09-21 as Pectobacterium brasiliense. The pathogenicity of strain KNUB-09-21 on M. charantia was confirmed through a controlled inoculation test. Within two days, inoculated fruits displayed soft rot symptoms closely resembling those observed in naturally affected fruits. This is the first report of soft rot on M. charantia in Korea.","PeriodicalId":36349,"journal":{"name":"Research in Plant Disease","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139133224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-31DOI: 10.5423/rpd.2023.29.4.363
Young Hee Lee, Su Min Kim, Seoung Bin Lee, Sang Hee Kim, Byung-Wook Yun, J. Hong
Alternaria black spots or blights in cruciferous crops have been devastating diseases worldwide and led to economic losses in broccoli, Chinese cabbage, kale, radish, rapeseed, etc. These diseases are caused by different Alternaria spp., including A. brassicae, A. brassicicola and A. raphani transmitted from infected seeds or insect vectors. Efforts to excavate disease resistance traits of cruciferous crops against Alternaria black spots or blights have been demonstrated. Genetic resource of disease resistance was investigated in the wild relatives of cruciferous crops, and different cultivars were screened under different inoculation conditions. Development of the disease-resistant lines against Alternaria black spots or blights was also tried via genetic transformation of the cruciferous crops using diverse plant defence-associated genes. Plant immunity activated by pre-treatment with chemicals, i. e. β-amino-n-butyric acid and melatonin, was suggested for reducing Alternaria black spots or blights in cruciferous crops. The disease resistance traits have also been evaluated in model plant Arabidopsis originating from different habitats. Various plant immunity-related mutants showing different disease responses from wild-type Arabidopsis provided valuable information for managing Alternaria black spots or blights in cruciferous crops. In particular, redox regulation and antioxidant responses altered in the Alternaria-infected mutants were discussed in this review.
{"title":"Disease Resistance-Based Management of Alternaria Black Spot in Cruciferous Crops","authors":"Young Hee Lee, Su Min Kim, Seoung Bin Lee, Sang Hee Kim, Byung-Wook Yun, J. Hong","doi":"10.5423/rpd.2023.29.4.363","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5423/rpd.2023.29.4.363","url":null,"abstract":"Alternaria black spots or blights in cruciferous crops have been devastating diseases worldwide and led to economic losses in broccoli, Chinese cabbage, kale, radish, rapeseed, etc. These diseases are caused by different Alternaria spp., including A. brassicae, A. brassicicola and A. raphani transmitted from infected seeds or insect vectors. Efforts to excavate disease resistance traits of cruciferous crops against Alternaria black spots or blights have been demonstrated. Genetic resource of disease resistance was investigated in the wild relatives of cruciferous crops, and different cultivars were screened under different inoculation conditions. Development of the disease-resistant lines against Alternaria black spots or blights was also tried via genetic transformation of the cruciferous crops using diverse plant defence-associated genes. Plant immunity activated by pre-treatment with chemicals, i. e. β-amino-n-butyric acid and melatonin, was suggested for reducing Alternaria black spots or blights in cruciferous crops. The disease resistance traits have also been evaluated in model plant Arabidopsis originating from different habitats. Various plant immunity-related mutants showing different disease responses from wild-type Arabidopsis provided valuable information for managing Alternaria black spots or blights in cruciferous crops. In particular, redox regulation and antioxidant responses altered in the Alternaria-infected mutants were discussed in this review.","PeriodicalId":36349,"journal":{"name":"Research in Plant Disease","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139132768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-31DOI: 10.5423/rpd.2023.29.4.459
Sungchan Huh, Namsook Park, Yongchul Kim, Insoo Choi
This study was conducted to investigate the plant-parasitic nematodes of ornamental foliage plants, citrus orchards, and tea plantations from July to December 2022. As a result of the investigation of plant-parasitic nematodes in 415 foliage plants, root-lesion nematodes were detected most frequently, followed by rootknot nematodes, pin nematodes, and other nematodes. In tea plantations, spiral nematodes, cyst nematodes, and root-knot nematodes were detected. Citrus nematodes, ring nematodes, and root-knot nematodes were discovered in citrus orchards. In foliage plants, tea plantations, and citrus orchards, the detection rate of plantparasitic nematodes was not high, but root-lesion nematodes were detected. Therefore, it is necessary to apply appropriate control methods to manage root-lesion nematodes during the cultivation of foliage, tea, and citrus plants.
{"title":"Occurrence of Plant-Parasitic Nematodes on Ornamental Foliage Plants, Citrus Orchards, and Tea Plantations in Korea","authors":"Sungchan Huh, Namsook Park, Yongchul Kim, Insoo Choi","doi":"10.5423/rpd.2023.29.4.459","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5423/rpd.2023.29.4.459","url":null,"abstract":"This study was conducted to investigate the plant-parasitic nematodes of ornamental foliage plants, citrus orchards, and tea plantations from July to December 2022. As a result of the investigation of plant-parasitic nematodes in 415 foliage plants, root-lesion nematodes were detected most frequently, followed by rootknot nematodes, pin nematodes, and other nematodes. In tea plantations, spiral nematodes, cyst nematodes, and root-knot nematodes were detected. Citrus nematodes, ring nematodes, and root-knot nematodes were discovered in citrus orchards. In foliage plants, tea plantations, and citrus orchards, the detection rate of plantparasitic nematodes was not high, but root-lesion nematodes were detected. Therefore, it is necessary to apply appropriate control methods to manage root-lesion nematodes during the cultivation of foliage, tea, and citrus plants.","PeriodicalId":36349,"journal":{"name":"Research in Plant Disease","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139135002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-31DOI: 10.5423/rpd.2023.29.4.420
Geon-Woo Lee, Sang-Tae Seo, Byeongjin Cha, Sang-Sub Han
In 2020, within the Dongbaekdongsan area in Jeju Island, a Septobasidium sp. associated with a felt disease in Castanopsis sieboldii (Makino) Hatus. ex T. Yamaz. & Mashiba was identified. The symptom included the presence of brown, thin, and silk-like mycelial mats attached to the tree's bark, displaying variations in size from large to small. To induce hyphal growth, the samples collected were incubated in a moist chamber, and the newly formed hyphae were subjected to genomic DNA extractions. The nucleotide sequences of the internal transcribed spacer and small subunit rDNA genes were determined, and molecular characteristics among the isolates were investigated through polymerase chain reaction-based restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. This Septobasidium sp. exhibited distinct morphological and phylogenetic features compared to those that were previously reported in South Korea. Consequently, this strain is taxonomically classified as a provisionally novel species of Septobasidium. Furthermore, the observed felt disease exhibited a high degree of host specificity, as it was exclusively identified in C. sieboldii without occurrence in other tree species at the time of observation.
2020 年，在济州岛东白洞山地区，发现了一种与 Castanopsis sieboldii (Makino) Hatus. ex T. Yamaz. & Mashiba 的毛毡病有关的 Septobasidium sp.。症状包括树皮上出现褐色、薄、丝状的菌丝垫，大小不一，从大到小。为了诱导菌丝生长，将采集到的样本放在潮湿的室内培养，并对新形成的菌丝进行基因组 DNA 提取。测定了内部转录间隔和小亚基 rDNA 基因的核苷酸序列，并通过基于聚合酶链式反应的限制性片段长度多态性分析研究了分离物之间的分子特征。与之前在韩国报道的七叶虫相比，这株七叶虫表现出独特的形态和系统发育特征。因此，该菌株在分类学上被暂时归类为一种新的七叶虫。此外，观察到的毛毡病具有高度的寄主专一性，因为在观察时只在 C. sieboldii 中发现了这种病，而在其他树种中没有发现。
{"title":"Analysis of Molecular Diversity in Castanopsis sieboldii with Felt Disease Caused by Septobasidium sp.","authors":"Geon-Woo Lee, Sang-Tae Seo, Byeongjin Cha, Sang-Sub Han","doi":"10.5423/rpd.2023.29.4.420","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5423/rpd.2023.29.4.420","url":null,"abstract":"In 2020, within the Dongbaekdongsan area in Jeju Island, a Septobasidium sp. associated with a felt disease in Castanopsis sieboldii (Makino) Hatus. ex T. Yamaz. & Mashiba was identified. The symptom included the presence of brown, thin, and silk-like mycelial mats attached to the tree's bark, displaying variations in size from large to small. To induce hyphal growth, the samples collected were incubated in a moist chamber, and the newly formed hyphae were subjected to genomic DNA extractions. The nucleotide sequences of the internal transcribed spacer and small subunit rDNA genes were determined, and molecular characteristics among the isolates were investigated through polymerase chain reaction-based restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. This Septobasidium sp. exhibited distinct morphological and phylogenetic features compared to those that were previously reported in South Korea. Consequently, this strain is taxonomically classified as a provisionally novel species of Septobasidium. Furthermore, the observed felt disease exhibited a high degree of host specificity, as it was exclusively identified in C. sieboldii without occurrence in other tree species at the time of observation.","PeriodicalId":36349,"journal":{"name":"Research in Plant Disease","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139135282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-31DOI: 10.5423/rpd.2023.29.4.384
S. Baek, Mi-Jeong Lee, Ju-Young Nah, Soo Bin Yim, Jungsun Choi, Jang Nam Choi, J. Jang, Jung-Wook Yang, Theresa Lee
Milling can affect the distribution of mycotoxins in small grains. To investigate the effects on barley, seven hulled barley and three naked barley samples naturally contaminated with trichothecenes and zearalenone were obtained and milled at commonly used rates. Both barleys were simultaneously contaminated with deoxynivalenol and its acetyl derivatives (98.1–2,197.8 μg/kg), nivalenol and its acetyl derivative (468.5–3,965.1 μg/kg), and zearalenone (4.1–274.2 μg/kg). Milling hulled barleys at a rate of 67% reduced the mycotoxins in the grain by 90.9% for deoxynivalenol, 87.7% for nivalenol, and 93.2% for zearalenone. The reduction in naked barleys (milled at a rate of 70%) was slightly lower than in hulled barleys, with 88.6% for deoxynivalenol, 80.2% for nivalenol, and 70.1% for zearalenone. In both barleys, the acetyl derivatives of deoxynivalenol and nivalenol were reduced by 100%. However, barley bran had significantly higher mycotoxin concentrations than the pre-milled grains: bran from hulled barley had a 357% increase in deoxynivalenol, 252% increase in nivalenol, and 169% increase in zearalenone. Similarly, bran from naked barley had a 337% increase in deoxynivalenol, 239% increase in nivalenol, and 554% increase in zearalenone. These results show that mycotoxins present in the outer layers of barley grain can be effectively removed through the milling process. As milling redistributes mycotoxins from the grain into the bran, however, it shows that advance monitoring of barley bran is recommended when using barley bran for human or animal consumption.
{"title":"Effect of Milling on Reduction of Fusarium Mycotoxins in Barley","authors":"S. Baek, Mi-Jeong Lee, Ju-Young Nah, Soo Bin Yim, Jungsun Choi, Jang Nam Choi, J. Jang, Jung-Wook Yang, Theresa Lee","doi":"10.5423/rpd.2023.29.4.384","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5423/rpd.2023.29.4.384","url":null,"abstract":"Milling can affect the distribution of mycotoxins in small grains. To investigate the effects on barley, seven hulled barley and three naked barley samples naturally contaminated with trichothecenes and zearalenone were obtained and milled at commonly used rates. Both barleys were simultaneously contaminated with deoxynivalenol and its acetyl derivatives (98.1–2,197.8 μg/kg), nivalenol and its acetyl derivative (468.5–3,965.1 μg/kg), and zearalenone (4.1–274.2 μg/kg). Milling hulled barleys at a rate of 67% reduced the mycotoxins in the grain by 90.9% for deoxynivalenol, 87.7% for nivalenol, and 93.2% for zearalenone. The reduction in naked barleys (milled at a rate of 70%) was slightly lower than in hulled barleys, with 88.6% for deoxynivalenol, 80.2% for nivalenol, and 70.1% for zearalenone. In both barleys, the acetyl derivatives of deoxynivalenol and nivalenol were reduced by 100%. However, barley bran had significantly higher mycotoxin concentrations than the pre-milled grains: bran from hulled barley had a 357% increase in deoxynivalenol, 252% increase in nivalenol, and 169% increase in zearalenone. Similarly, bran from naked barley had a 337% increase in deoxynivalenol, 239% increase in nivalenol, and 554% increase in zearalenone. These results show that mycotoxins present in the outer layers of barley grain can be effectively removed through the milling process. As milling redistributes mycotoxins from the grain into the bran, however, it shows that advance monitoring of barley bran is recommended when using barley bran for human or animal consumption.","PeriodicalId":36349,"journal":{"name":"Research in Plant Disease","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139132176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-31DOI: 10.5423/rpd.2023.29.4.390
Ha-Kyoung Lee, Jong-Hwan Shin, Seong-Chan Lee, You-Kyoung Han
Apple white rot, caused by Botryosphaeria dothidea, is one of the important diseases in Korea. B. dothidea can cause pre- and postharvest decay on apple fruit as well as canker and dieback of apple trees. In this study, we isolated bacteria from the trunk of apple trees and tested their antagonistic activity against B. dothidea. Five bacterial isolates (23-168, 23-169, 23-170, 23-172, and 23-173) were selected that were most effective at inhibiting the mycelial growth of the pathogens. The isolate 23-172 was identified as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and four isolates 23-168, 23-169, 23-170, and 23-173 were identified as Bacillus velezensis by RNA polymerase beta subunit (rpoB) and DNA gyraseA subunit (gyrA) gene sequencing. All isolates showed strong antagonistic activity against B. dothidea as well as Colletotrichum fructicola and Diaporthe eres. All isolates exhibited cellulolytic, proteolytic and phosphate solubilizing activities. In particular, two isolates 23-168, 23-169 were shown to significantly reduce the size of white rot lesions in pretreated apple fruits. These results will provide the basis for the development of a fungicide alternative for the control of white rot of apple.
由 Botryosphaeria dothidea 引起的苹果白腐病是韩国的重要病害之一。B. dothidea 可导致苹果果实采前和采后腐烂，以及苹果树的腐烂和枯死。在这项研究中，我们从苹果树树干中分离了细菌，并测试了它们对 B. dothidea 的拮抗活性。选出的五种细菌分离物（23-168、23-169、23-170、23-172 和 23-173）在抑制病原体菌丝生长方面最为有效。通过 RNA 聚合酶 beta 亚基（rpoB）和 DNA 回旋酶 A 亚基（gyrA）基因测序，鉴定 23-172 分离物为淀粉芽孢杆菌，23-168、23-169、23-170 和 23-173 四个分离物为 velezensis 芽孢杆菌。所有分离物都对 B. dothidea 以及 Colletotrichum fructicola 和 Diaporthe eres 具有很强的拮抗活性。所有分离物都具有纤维素分解、蛋白质分解和磷酸盐溶解活性。特别是 23-168、23-169 这两种分离物能显著减少预处理苹果果实白腐病的病变面积。这些结果将为开发用于控制苹果白腐病的杀菌剂替代品奠定基础。
{"title":"Biological Control of White Rot in Apple Using Bacillus spp.","authors":"Ha-Kyoung Lee, Jong-Hwan Shin, Seong-Chan Lee, You-Kyoung Han","doi":"10.5423/rpd.2023.29.4.390","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5423/rpd.2023.29.4.390","url":null,"abstract":"Apple white rot, caused by Botryosphaeria dothidea, is one of the important diseases in Korea. B. dothidea can cause pre- and postharvest decay on apple fruit as well as canker and dieback of apple trees. In this study, we isolated bacteria from the trunk of apple trees and tested their antagonistic activity against B. dothidea. Five bacterial isolates (23-168, 23-169, 23-170, 23-172, and 23-173) were selected that were most effective at inhibiting the mycelial growth of the pathogens. The isolate 23-172 was identified as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and four isolates 23-168, 23-169, 23-170, and 23-173 were identified as Bacillus velezensis by RNA polymerase beta subunit (rpoB) and DNA gyraseA subunit (gyrA) gene sequencing. All isolates showed strong antagonistic activity against B. dothidea as well as Colletotrichum fructicola and Diaporthe eres. All isolates exhibited cellulolytic, proteolytic and phosphate solubilizing activities. In particular, two isolates 23-168, 23-169 were shown to significantly reduce the size of white rot lesions in pretreated apple fruits. These results will provide the basis for the development of a fungicide alternative for the control of white rot of apple.","PeriodicalId":36349,"journal":{"name":"Research in Plant Disease","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139133630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-31DOI: 10.5423/rpd.2023.29.4.345
T. Chang, O. Hassan, Jong Yeob Jeon, Chi Hyun Kim, Dae Min Lee, Ju Sung Kim, Eun Chan Kang, Jaewon Kim
Anthracnose, caused by the Colletotrichum genus, comprises a significant number of plant pathogens and poses a major threat to fruit production worldwide, including South Korea. Colletotrichum species were identified associated with anthracnose in fruits such as apple, persimmon, plum, peach, jujube, walnut, and grape. A polyphasic approach, including morphology, multigene phylogenetics, and pathogenicity testing, was used. Additionally, the in-vitro sensitivity of identified Colletotrichum species to common fungicides was also evaluated. A total of nine Colletotrichum species within two complexes, namely gloeosporioides and acutatum, have been identified as the causal agents of anthracnose in common fruits in South Korea. In the gloeosporioides complex, we found Colletotrichum aenigma, C. fructicola, C. gloeosporioides, C. horii, C. siamense, and C. viniferum. Meanwhile, in the acutatum complex, C. fioriniae, C. nymphaeae, and C. orientalis were identified. Notably, C. fructicola, C. siamense, C. fioriniae, and C. nymphaeae were reported for the first time from apple, C. siamense, C. fioriniae and C. nymphaeae from plum, C. siamense, C. fructicola, and C. fioriniae from peach, C. siamense and C. horii from persimmon, C. fioriniae from Omija (Schisandra), C. orientalis from walnut, C. nymphaeae from jujube, and C. aenigma, C. fructicola, and C. siamense from grape. Fungicide sensitivity tests revealed significant variation in the EC50 values among specific Colletotrichum species when exposed to different fungicides. Moreover, the same Colletotrichum species isolated from different host plants displayed varying sensitivity to the same fungicide.
由 Colletotrichum 属引起的炭疽病包括大量植物病原体，对包括韩国在内的全球水果生产构成重大威胁。在苹果、柿子、李子、桃子、大枣、核桃和葡萄等水果中发现了与炭疽病相关的 Colletotrichum 菌种。采用了多相方法，包括形态学、多基因系统学和致病性测试。此外，还评估了已确定的 Colletotrichum 物种对常见杀真菌剂的体外敏感性。在两个复合菌群（即钩毛孢属和尖孢属）中，共有 9 个钩毛孢属种被确定为韩国常见水果炭疽病的病原菌。在 gloeosporioides 复合体中，我们发现了 Colletotrichum aenigma、C. fructicola、C. gloeosporioides、C. horii、C. siamense 和 C. viniferum。同时，在 acutatum 复合体中，发现了 C. fioriniae、C. nymphaeae 和 C. orientalis。值得注意的是，C. fructicola、C. siamense、C. fioriniae 和 C. nymphae 是首次从苹果中发现的，C. siamense、C. fioriniae 和 C. nymphae 是首次从李子中发现的，C. siamense、C. fructicola 和 C. nymphae 是首次从桃中发现的。五味子中的 C. fioriniae，核桃中的 C. orientalis，枣中的 C. nymphae，以及葡萄中的 C. aenigma、C. fructicola 和 C. siamense。杀真菌敏感性测试表明，当暴露于不同的杀真菌剂时，特定 Colletotrichum 种类的 EC50 值存在显著差异。此外，从不同寄主植物中分离出的同一 Colletotrichum 种类对同一杀真菌剂的敏感性也各不相同。
{"title":"Colletotrichum Diversity within Different Species Complexes Associated with Fruit Anthracnose in South Korea and Their Fungicides In-Vitro Sensitivity","authors":"T. Chang, O. Hassan, Jong Yeob Jeon, Chi Hyun Kim, Dae Min Lee, Ju Sung Kim, Eun Chan Kang, Jaewon Kim","doi":"10.5423/rpd.2023.29.4.345","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5423/rpd.2023.29.4.345","url":null,"abstract":"Anthracnose, caused by the <i>Colletotrichum</i> genus, comprises a significant number of plant pathogens and poses a major threat to fruit production worldwide, including South Korea. <i>Colletotrichum</i> species were identified associated with anthracnose in fruits such as apple, persimmon, plum, peach, jujube, walnut, and grape. A polyphasic approach, including morphology, multigene phylogenetics, and pathogenicity testing, was used. Additionally, the <i>in-vitro</i> sensitivity of identified <i>Colletotrichum</i> species to common fungicides was also evaluated. A total of nine <i>Colletotrichum</i> species within two complexes, namely gloeosporioides and acutatum, have been identified as the causal agents of anthracnose in common fruits in South Korea. In the gloeosporioides complex, we found <i>Colletotrichum aenigma, C. fructicola, C. gloeosporioides, C. horii, C. siamense</i>, and <i>C. viniferum</i>. Meanwhile, in the acutatum complex, <i>C. fioriniae, C. nymphaeae</i>, and <i>C. orientalis</i> were identified. Notably, <i>C. fructicola, C. siamense, C. fioriniae</i>, and <i>C. nymphaeae</i> were reported for the first time from apple, <i>C. siamense, C. fioriniae</i> and <i>C. nymphaeae</i> from plum, <i>C. siamense, C. fructicola</i>, and <i>C. fioriniae</i> from peach, <i>C. siamense</i> and <i>C. horii</i> from persimmon, <i>C. fioriniae</i> from Omija (<i>Schisandra</i>), <i>C. orientalis</i> from walnut, <i>C. nymphaeae</i> from jujube, and <i>C. aenigma, C. fructicola</i>, and <i>C. siamense</i> from grape. Fungicide sensitivity tests revealed significant variation in the EC<sub>50</sub> values among specific <i>Colletotrichum</i> species when exposed to different fungicides. Moreover, the same <i>Colletotrichum</i> species isolated from different host plants displayed varying sensitivity to the same fungicide.","PeriodicalId":36349,"journal":{"name":"Research in Plant Disease","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139133431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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