Hoplitisrobusta (Nylander) is a rare and poorly known osmiine bee species occurring in the subalpine zone of the Alps. The discovery of two nests of H.robusta in a thin branch of a dead fallen spruce on a sunny clearing of a subalpine spruce forest allowed the investigation of the nest architecture, the analysis of the larval diet and the assessment of the nest building material. X-raying, computed tomography and subsequent dissection of the nest branch revealed that the nests were built in L-shaped pupation tunnels of cerambycid beetles, which were probably cleaned from wood debris by the female bees with the aid of their large and powerful mandibles after nest site selection. The two nests contained five and six linearly arranged brood cells separated from each other by thin partitions built from masticated green leaves (“leaf pulp”). They were sealed at their opening by a thick plug consisting of several successive layers of leaf pulp constructed immediately behind each other. Microscopical analysis of the larval provisions of eight brood cells and of 41 pollen loads of females from museum and private collections showed that H.robusta exhibits a strong preference for the pollen of Potentilla (Rosaceae). Based on field observations, DNA metabarcoding of one nest plug and stereomicroscopic analysis of the leaf pulp matrix, Potentilla was also identified as an important source for the leaf pulp needed for nest construction, rendering H.robusta one of the few bee species known to collect floral resources and nest building material from the very same plant.
{"title":"Dual function of Potentilla (Rosaceae) in the life history of the rare boreoalpine osmiine bee Hoplitis (Formicapis) robusta (Hymenoptera, Megachilidae)","authors":"A. Müller, H. Richter","doi":"10.3897/ALPENTO.2.30158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/ALPENTO.2.30158","url":null,"abstract":"Hoplitisrobusta (Nylander) is a rare and poorly known osmiine bee species occurring in the subalpine zone of the Alps. The discovery of two nests of H.robusta in a thin branch of a dead fallen spruce on a sunny clearing of a subalpine spruce forest allowed the investigation of the nest architecture, the analysis of the larval diet and the assessment of the nest building material. X-raying, computed tomography and subsequent dissection of the nest branch revealed that the nests were built in L-shaped pupation tunnels of cerambycid beetles, which were probably cleaned from wood debris by the female bees with the aid of their large and powerful mandibles after nest site selection. The two nests contained five and six linearly arranged brood cells separated from each other by thin partitions built from masticated green leaves (“leaf pulp”). They were sealed at their opening by a thick plug consisting of several successive layers of leaf pulp constructed immediately behind each other. Microscopical analysis of the larval provisions of eight brood cells and of 41 pollen loads of females from museum and private collections showed that H.robusta exhibits a strong preference for the pollen of Potentilla (Rosaceae). Based on field observations, DNA metabarcoding of one nest plug and stereomicroscopic analysis of the leaf pulp matrix, Potentilla was also identified as an important source for the leaf pulp needed for nest construction, rendering H.robusta one of the few bee species known to collect floral resources and nest building material from the very same plant.","PeriodicalId":36427,"journal":{"name":"Alpine Entomology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2018-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45323803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The pollen host selection by 19 bee species, which have their main Central European distribution in the Alps, was assessed by microscopical analysis of the scopal contents of about 900 females from museum and private collections. The results of the pollen analyses were complemented by a literature survey as well as by field observations. The examined species widely vary in pollen host spectrum and specialization, revealing a fascinating diversity in bee host plant use. Observed patterns of host plant choice range from narrow specialists, which exclusively collect pollen from the flowers of a single plant genus, to pronounced generalists, which harvest pollen from the flowers of up to 17 different plant families. A quantitative character is given to separate the morphologically very similar females ofPanurginusherziandP.montanus.
{"title":"Pollen host selection by predominantly alpine bee species of the genera Andrena, Panurginus, Dufourea, Megachile, Hoplitis and Osmia (Hymenoptera, Apoidea)","authors":"A. Müller","doi":"10.3897/ALPENTO.2.29250","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/ALPENTO.2.29250","url":null,"abstract":"The pollen host selection by 19 bee species, which have their main Central European distribution in the Alps, was assessed by microscopical analysis of the scopal contents of about 900 females from museum and private collections. The results of the pollen analyses were complemented by a literature survey as well as by field observations. The examined species widely vary in pollen host spectrum and specialization, revealing a fascinating diversity in bee host plant use. Observed patterns of host plant choice range from narrow specialists, which exclusively collect pollen from the flowers of a single plant genus, to pronounced generalists, which harvest pollen from the flowers of up to 17 different plant families. A quantitative character is given to separate the morphologically very similar females ofPanurginusherziandP.montanus.","PeriodicalId":36427,"journal":{"name":"Alpine Entomology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2018-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41547522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Here, we investigate about 5500 previously unidentified specimens from the collection of Gerhard Bächli. A total of 108 agromyzid species were added to the fauna of Switzerland. Consequently, the species richness of the Swiss agromyzids was increased to 395 species. The checklist of Agromyzidae of Switzerland was updated, and the complete list presented in appendix.
{"title":"New records of Agromyzidae (Diptera) from Switzerland and an updated checklist","authors":"M. Černý, G. Bächli","doi":"10.3897/ALPENTO.2.28973","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/ALPENTO.2.28973","url":null,"abstract":"Here, we investigate about 5500 previously unidentified specimens from the collection of Gerhard Bächli. A total of 108 agromyzid species were added to the fauna of Switzerland. Consequently, the species richness of the Swiss agromyzids was increased to 395 species. The checklist of Agromyzidae of Switzerland was updated, and the complete list presented in appendix.","PeriodicalId":36427,"journal":{"name":"Alpine Entomology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2018-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48745663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Unsere Untersuchungen in der voralpinen Kulturlandschaft Schönenbergs (Schweiz, Kanton Zürich) haben ergeben, dass die Biodiversitätsförderflächen-Typen Streuefläche, Extensivweide und Extensivwiese im Vergleich zu konventionell bewirtschafteten Fettwiesen einen stark positiven Effekt auf die Diversität und Individuendichte von Heuschrecken ausüben. Innerhalb der Biodiversitätsförderflächen wiesen Heuschrecken in Streueflächen wiederum signifikant höhere Diversitätswerte und Individuendichten auf als in Extensivwiesen und Extensivweiden. Sie beherbergten zudem fast 95% aller beobachteten Individuen der Heuschrecken der Roten Liste. Innerhalb der Streueflächen war in Pfeifengraswiesen und Hochstaudenfluren eine signifikant höhere Heuschreckendiversität zu verzeichnen als in Kleinseggenrieden, Grossseggenrieden und verschilften Teilflächen. Die Individuendichten in Pfeifengraswiesen und Hochstaudenfluren erwiesen sich im Vergleich zu Grossseggenrieden als signifikant höher. Im Vergleich zu früheren Erhebungen in Schönenberg ZH aus den Jahren 1990 und 2000 veränderte sich die Heuschreckendiversität in den Fettwiesen 2016 nicht signifikant, jedoch zeigten sich auf Artebene deutliche Verschiebungen der relativen Häufigkeiten. So kam die eher trockenheitsliebende Art Chorthippusbiguttulus in den Fettwiesen 2016 bedeutend häufiger vor als 1990 und 2000, während die in der Region eher feuchtigkeitsliebende Art Chorthippusdorsatus einen gegenteiligen Trend aufwies. Die 1990 und 2000 noch nicht beobachtete Art Chorthippusalbomarginatus fand sich 2016 in einigen Fettwiesen, welche zu den östlichsten Fundorten im Voralpenraum gehören. In den Streueflächen wurde 2016 eine signifikant höhere Heuschreckendiversität als 1990 festgestellt. Die in der Schweiz gefährdete Art Conocephalusfuscus erlitt seit 1990 massive Einbussen, dafür nahmen andere Arten in ihrer relativen Häufigkeit markant zu, z.B. die potenziell gefährdeten Arten Chrysochraondispar und Decticusverrucivorus. Zusätzliche Massnahmen zur Heuschreckenförderung werden erörtert, mit Schwerpunkt auf der asynchronen Nutzung, schonenden Mähtechniken sowie räumlich und zeitlich wechselnden Altgrasinseln.
{"title":"Heuschrecken (Orthoptera) in Biodiversitätsförderflächen der voralpinen Kulturlandschaft Schönenbergs (Schweiz, Kanton Zürich) mit Trends seit 1990","authors":"J. Schlegel, Stefan Schnetzler","doi":"10.3897/ALPENTO.2.26246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/ALPENTO.2.26246","url":null,"abstract":"Unsere Untersuchungen in der voralpinen Kulturlandschaft Schönenbergs (Schweiz, Kanton Zürich) haben ergeben, dass die Biodiversitätsförderflächen-Typen Streuefläche, Extensivweide und Extensivwiese im Vergleich zu konventionell bewirtschafteten Fettwiesen einen stark positiven Effekt auf die Diversität und Individuendichte von Heuschrecken ausüben. Innerhalb der Biodiversitätsförderflächen wiesen Heuschrecken in Streueflächen wiederum signifikant höhere Diversitätswerte und Individuendichten auf als in Extensivwiesen und Extensivweiden. Sie beherbergten zudem fast 95% aller beobachteten Individuen der Heuschrecken der Roten Liste. Innerhalb der Streueflächen war in Pfeifengraswiesen und Hochstaudenfluren eine signifikant höhere Heuschreckendiversität zu verzeichnen als in Kleinseggenrieden, Grossseggenrieden und verschilften Teilflächen. Die Individuendichten in Pfeifengraswiesen und Hochstaudenfluren erwiesen sich im Vergleich zu Grossseggenrieden als signifikant höher.\u0000 Im Vergleich zu früheren Erhebungen in Schönenberg ZH aus den Jahren 1990 und 2000 veränderte sich die Heuschreckendiversität in den Fettwiesen 2016 nicht signifikant, jedoch zeigten sich auf Artebene deutliche Verschiebungen der relativen Häufigkeiten. So kam die eher trockenheitsliebende Art Chorthippusbiguttulus in den Fettwiesen 2016 bedeutend häufiger vor als 1990 und 2000, während die in der Region eher feuchtigkeitsliebende Art Chorthippusdorsatus einen gegenteiligen Trend aufwies. Die 1990 und 2000 noch nicht beobachtete Art Chorthippusalbomarginatus fand sich 2016 in einigen Fettwiesen, welche zu den östlichsten Fundorten im Voralpenraum gehören.\u0000 In den Streueflächen wurde 2016 eine signifikant höhere Heuschreckendiversität als 1990 festgestellt. Die in der Schweiz gefährdete Art Conocephalusfuscus erlitt seit 1990 massive Einbussen, dafür nahmen andere Arten in ihrer relativen Häufigkeit markant zu, z.B. die potenziell gefährdeten Arten Chrysochraondispar und Decticusverrucivorus.\u0000 Zusätzliche Massnahmen zur Heuschreckenförderung werden erörtert, mit Schwerpunkt auf der asynchronen Nutzung, schonenden Mähtechniken sowie räumlich und zeitlich wechselnden Altgrasinseln.","PeriodicalId":36427,"journal":{"name":"Alpine Entomology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2018-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41620942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
On distribution and morphology of some Onthophagus species in Switzerland (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). – On the basis of 1097 specimens from 12 collections, the distribution of ten dung beetle species of the genus Onthophagus (Scarabaeidae) in Switzerland is compiled and shown in distribution maps: O.taurus-group: O.illyricus, O.taurus; O.fracticornis-group: O.fracticornis, O.opacicollis, O.similis; O.ovatus-group: O.baraudi, O.grossepunctatus, O.joannae, O.ovatus, O.ruficapillus. New characters of the female genitalia allow species identification of O.fracticornis, O.similis, and O.ruficapillus. Reduced male characters of a small O.gibbulus are described.
{"title":"Zu Verbreitung und Morphologie einiger Onthophagus-Arten der Schweiz (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae)","authors":"F-T Krell","doi":"10.3897/ALPENTO.2.23345","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/ALPENTO.2.23345","url":null,"abstract":"On distribution and morphology of some Onthophagus species in Switzerland (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). – On the basis of 1097 specimens from 12 collections, the distribution of ten dung beetle species of the genus Onthophagus (Scarabaeidae) in Switzerland is compiled and shown in distribution maps: O.taurus-group: O.illyricus, O.taurus; O.fracticornis-group: O.fracticornis, O.opacicollis, O.similis; O.ovatus-group: O.baraudi, O.grossepunctatus, O.joannae, O.ovatus, O.ruficapillus. New characters of the female genitalia allow species identification of O.fracticornis, O.similis, and O.ruficapillus. Reduced male characters of a small O.gibbulus are described.","PeriodicalId":36427,"journal":{"name":"Alpine Entomology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2018-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45633023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Southernmost region of Australia, the island of Tasmania, is also the most mountainous, with large areas of rugged alpine environments. This entomological frontier offers a distinct suite of insects for study including many endemic taxa. However, harsh weather, remote locations and rough terrain represent an environment too extreme for many existing insect trap designs. We report here on the design and efficacy of a new Alpine Malaise Trap (AMT), which can be readily hybridised with several other common insect trapping techniques. Advantages of the design include its light weight and portability, low cost, robustness, rapid deployment and long autonomous sampling period. The AMT was field tested in the Tasmanian highlands (AUST) in 2017. A total of 16 orders were collected. As expected, samples are dominated by Diptera. However, the trap also collected a range of flightless taxa including endemic and apterous species, Apteropanorpatasmanica – closest relative of the boreal, snow scorpionflies (Boreidae). Combined and compared with other trap types the Alpine Malaise Traps captured less specimens but of a greater diversity than passive sticky traps, while drop traps captured less specimens but a greater diversity than AMT. The statistical potential of the catch is discussed.
{"title":"An Alpine Malaise trap","authors":"S. C. Henry, P. McQuillan, J. Kirkpatrick","doi":"10.3897/ALPENTO.2.24800","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/ALPENTO.2.24800","url":null,"abstract":"The Southernmost region of Australia, the island of Tasmania, is also the most mountainous, with large areas of rugged alpine environments. This entomological frontier offers a distinct suite of insects for study including many endemic taxa. However, harsh weather, remote locations and rough terrain represent an environment too extreme for many existing insect trap designs. We report here on the design and efficacy of a new Alpine Malaise Trap (AMT), which can be readily hybridised with several other common insect trapping techniques. Advantages of the design include its light weight and portability, low cost, robustness, rapid deployment and long autonomous sampling period. The AMT was field tested in the Tasmanian highlands (AUST) in 2017. A total of 16 orders were collected. As expected, samples are dominated by Diptera. However, the trap also collected a range of flightless taxa including endemic and apterous species, Apteropanorpatasmanica – closest relative of the boreal, snow scorpionflies (Boreidae). Combined and compared with other trap types the Alpine Malaise Traps captured less specimens but of a greater diversity than passive sticky traps, while drop traps captured less specimens but a greater diversity than AMT. The statistical potential of the catch is discussed.","PeriodicalId":36427,"journal":{"name":"Alpine Entomology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2018-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45101460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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