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Effectiveness of training programme on oil palm technologies for multipurpose extension officers of state department of horticulture, Andhra Pradesh 为安得拉邦园艺部多用途推广官员提供油棕技术培训计划的有效性
Q4 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.25081/JPC.2019.V47.I2.5786
M. Prasad, P. Sowjanya, N. Rao, A. Sarkar, T. Kumar, K. Rajesh, K. Srikanth
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引用次数: 1
Microbial insight into rhizosphere of arecanut palms of Wayanad using metagenomics 利用宏基因组学研究Wayanad槟榔根际微生物
Q4 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.25081/JPC.2019.V47.I3.6055
M. Mohan, Dugganna Girija, K. Gopal, P. Sureshkumar
The rhizosphere bacterial diversity of a plant is considered to play an essential role in mediating plant as well as soil health. An attempt to explore the bacterial diversity in the rhizosphere of arecanut palms in Wayanad was done to obtain an understanding of dominant bacterial phylotypes and the status of nutrient concentrations in rhizosphere soil and plants. Since arecanut production in Wayanad is facing a decline, a study to understand the rhizosphere conditions of healthy palms essentially provided insight into what strategies needed to be adopted for improvement of arecanut cultivation. The nutrient imbalance involving increased iron in soil and deficiencies of calcium, magnesium, zinc, and boron in the Arecanut rhizosphere was found to be an evident reason for the decline in production. Apart from that, the biological activities in the rhizosphere by the diversity of microorganisms were studied to understand the dominant bacterial phyla and genera present in the Arecanut rhizosphere. The presence of various important bacterial phyla like Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Acidobacteria, Firmicutes, and Bacteroidetes revealed the presence of various beneficial soil microorganisms and emphasized the need to enhance or augment the population of native microflora for efficient nutrient cycling by increasing the organic content of the soil. Since organic carbon is an essential requirement to support bacterial diversity, proper management practice that encompasses organic carbon amendment along with proper nutritional management could enhance bacterial diversity as well as health of the arecanut palms. The study indicated that the dominant bacterial phyla contained various beneficial microorganisms that can be exploited for improving nutrient recycling in the arecanut rhizosphere.
植物根际细菌多样性被认为对植物和土壤的健康起着重要的调节作用。通过对Wayanad槟榔根际细菌多样性的研究,了解其优势菌系类型以及根际土壤和植物的养分浓度状况。由于Wayanad的槟榔产量正面临下降,一项了解健康棕榈树根际条件的研究基本上为改善槟榔种植需要采取哪些策略提供了见解。土壤铁含量增加和槟榔根际钙、镁、锌、硼缺乏等营养失衡是槟榔产量下降的明显原因。此外,还研究了槟榔根际微生物多样性对其生物活性的影响,以了解槟榔根际存在的优势菌门和属。各种重要细菌门类的存在,如变形菌门、放线菌门、酸杆菌门、厚壁菌门和拟杆菌门,揭示了各种有益土壤微生物的存在,并强调需要通过增加土壤的有机含量来增强或增加原生微生物群的数量,以实现有效的养分循环。由于有机碳是支持细菌多样性的基本要求,因此适当的管理实践包括有机碳修正以及适当的营养管理可以增强槟榔树的细菌多样性和健康。研究表明,优势菌门含有多种有益微生物,可用于改善槟榔根际的养分循环。
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引用次数: 1
Cryopreservation of kernel and zygotic embryos of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) 油棕仁胚和合子胚的低温保存
Q4 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.25081/JPC.2019.V47.I1.5530
K. Prakash, K. S. Kumar, R. Chaudhury
The seed storage behaviour of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) is enigmatic. Earlier, it was categorised as recalcitrant or orthodox and later, it was confirmed to be exhibiting intermediate seed storage behaviour. Considerable difference in the water content between zygotic embryo and the seed/kernel exists which is proportionally maintained even after desiccation of kernel, which qualifies it to be intermediate storage behaviour. To attempt long term conservation of oil palm germplasm grown in India, studies on germinability/viability in relation to moisture content was conducted for ‘dura’ palm using seed kernel, zygotic embryos and endosperm plug as explants. Based on desiccation and cryopreservation experiments in kernels and embryos, it showed intermediate storage behavior. Zygotic embryo cryopreservation was possible between the moisture content of 10-20 per cent of embryos, and was achieved using silica gel desiccation method of either kernels or embryos or both. Four hours of desiccation under laminar air flow was found optimum to maintain viability after cryo-exposure. A new type of explant, endosperm plug, of 0.1 g weight and 2-5 mm length could offer advantage for the desiccation and cryopreservation of oil palm as it could be dehydrated up to 6 per cent moisture level and retained 20 per cent viability after cryo-exposure. Initial attempt to use encapsulation-dehydration and vitrification-desiccation methods for embryos of oil palm did not yield positive results, necessitating further experiments.
油棕(Elaeis guineensis Jacq.)的种子储存行为是一个谜。早些时候,它被归类为顽固性或正统,后来,它被证实表现出中间种子储存行为。合子胚与种子/籽粒含水量存在较大差异,籽粒脱水后仍保持一定比例的含水量,属于中间贮藏行为。为了尝试在印度种植的油棕种质资源的长期保存,用种子仁、合子胚和胚乳塞作为外植体,对' dura ' palm的发芽能力/活力与水分含量的关系进行了研究。通过籽粒和胚胎的干燥和低温保存实验,表明其具有中间贮藏特性。合子胚胎的冷冻保存在胚胎的水分含量为10- 20%之间是可能的,并且可以使用硅胶干燥方法实现仁或胚胎或两者。发现在层流下干燥4小时最适合保持低温暴露后的活力。一种新的外植体——胚乳塞,重量为0.1 g,长度为2-5 mm,可以为油棕的干燥和低温保存提供优势,因为它可以脱水到6%的水分水平,并在低温暴露后保持20%的活力。对油棕胚进行包封脱水和玻璃化干燥的初步尝试均未取得积极的结果,需要进一步的实验。
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引用次数: 2
Olfactory response of red palm weevil, Rhynchophorous ferrugineus (Olivier) (Coleoptera: Dryophthoridae), to host / food volatiles 红棕象甲(鞘翅目:树蛾科)对寄主/食物挥发物的嗅觉反应
Q4 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.25081/JPC.2019.V47.I1.5533
Vibina Venugopal, K. Subaharan
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引用次数: 2
Entomopathogenic fungi – Potential candidates for biocontrol of Helopeltis antonii Signoret in cashew 昆虫病原真菌——腰果中安东尼Helopeltis antonii Signoret生物防治的潜在候选者
Q4 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.25081/JPC.2019.V47.I1.5531
M. Smitha, K. Nithin, A. Sobhana
Evaluation of fungal entomopathogens, viz., Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae and Lecanicillium lecanii against tea mosquito bug (Helopeltis antonii Signoret), an insect pest of cashew revealed that these fungi are pathogenic to H. antonii. Mortality of H. antonii commenced after three days of inoculation, increased gradually with time and became evident at fifth day with 82.5 per 9 -1 cent, 85 per cent and 65 per cent respectively with B. bassiana, M. anisopliae and L. lecanii @10 spores mL . B. bassiana and M. anisopliae shown complete mortality at sixth day, whereas mortality rate with L. lecanii was 85 per cent. A field experiment was 8 -1 conducted in randomized block design for two consecutive years with these three entomopathogenic fungi @10 spores mL . Two rounds of spray were given by targeting flowering and nut set stage in the first year, instead of the routine three spray schedule on flushing, flowering and nut set; while routine three sprays were given in the second year. In the first year of field evaluation, least damage was observed in Kerala Agricultural University package of practices (KAU POP) with quinalphos, targeting both flowering and nut set stage. However, both B. bassiana and L. lecanii also recorded less tea mosquito bug damage and were comparable with KAU POP. In the second year, B. bassiana was on par with KAU POP and L. lecanii was superior to control. Highest nut yield was recorded in trees treated with B. bassiana followed by KAU POP.
对球孢白僵菌、金龟子绿僵菌和Lecanicillium对腰果害虫茶蚊(Helopeltis antonii siignoret)的病原真菌评价表明,这些真菌对茶蚊(Helopeltis antonii siignoret)具有致病性。褐僵菌的死亡率在接种3天后开始,随着时间的推移逐渐增加,第5天达到明显水平,分别为球孢白僵菌、绿僵菌和lecanii @10孢子mL的82.5%、85%和65%。球孢白僵菌和绿僵菌在第6天完全死亡,而lecanii的死亡率为85%。采用随机区组设计,连续两年对这三种昆虫病原真菌进行了8 -1的田间试验。由常规的冲水、开花、结果三次喷施,改为第一年开花期和结果期两轮喷施;在常规的情况下,第二年进行了三次喷雾。在第一年的田间评价中,在喀拉拉邦农业大学(KAU)的一揽子实践(KAU POP)中,对开花期和坚果结实期的危害最小。球孢白僵菌和勒氏乳杆菌对茶虫的危害较小,与KAU POP相当。第2年,球孢白僵菌与KAU POP相当,莱氏乳杆菌优于对照。以球孢白僵菌处理的果树果实产量最高,其次为KAU POP处理。
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引用次数: 0
Characterization of Lasiodiplodia theobromae causing leaf blight disease of coconut 引起椰子叶枯病的可可叶枯虫的特性研究
Q4 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.25081/JPC.2019.V47.I2.5763
R. Ramjegathesh, I. Johnson,, K. M. Hubali, H. P. Maheswarappa
Coconut leaf blight pathogen Lasiodiplodia theobromae (Pat.) was characterized based on morphological, cultural characters and Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) sequences. Pathogen isolates collected from various coconut growing areas of Tamil Nadu, India showed significant differences in the colony morphology, colour, spore dimensions and fruiting bodies. Molecular characterization by partial sequencing of ITS region confirmed the identity of pathogen as L. theobromae . Among the several methods of inoculation employed to establish the pathogenicity, pinprick method with spraying of conidial suspension (10 spores mL ) and spot application of mycelial mat (5 mm disc) at the inoculation site produced typical necrotic spots and lesions on coconut leaves of West Coast Tall, Arasampatti Tall, Chowghat Orange Dwarf and Chowghat Green Dwarf. Koch’s postulates were established to confirm pathogenicity. The result of the study helps to streamline the existing management strategies.
利用形态学、培养性状和ITS序列对椰子叶枯病病原菌Lasiodiplodia theobromae (Pat.)进行鉴定。从印度泰米尔纳德邦不同椰子种植区收集的病原菌分离株在菌落形态、颜色、孢子大小和子实体方面存在显著差异。ITS区部分序列鉴定证实该病原菌为可可乳杆菌。在确定致病性的几种接种方法中,接种部位喷施分生孢子悬浮液(10孢子mL)和菌丝垫(5 mm圆盘)的针尖法在西海岸高、阿斯帕提高、Chowghat橙矮和Chowghat绿矮的椰子叶片上产生了典型的坏死斑点和病变。科赫的假设是为了证实致病性而建立的。研究结果有助于精简现有的管理策略。
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引用次数: 3
Multivariate analysis of oil palm germplasm for vegetative and bunch yield traits 油棕种质营养性状和束产量性状的多变量分析
Q4 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.25081/JPC.2019.V47.I2.5778
H. P. Bhagya, P. Gangadharappa, B. Kalyanababu, D. S. M. B. N. Naika, R. Naik
productivity and C-sequestration (Srinivasan et al., for Agricultural Research. 2 Edition, John Wiley and 2012; Manna et al., 2012). As per the report of Sons, New York. 704p. Manna et al. (2012), the long-term C sequestration Lal, R. 2004. Soil carbon sequestration impacts on global in soil is dependent on both organic C inputs and its climate change and food security. Science 304:1623stability in soil organic sources of nutrients such as Liang, C and Balser, T. C. 2011. Microbial production of FYM that decompose slowly resulting in more SOC recalcitrant organic matter in global soils: Implications for accumulation in soil. Apart from a direct productivity and climate policy. Nature Reviews contribution to soil organic C, organic manures Microbiology, doi:10.1038/nrmicro2386-c1031. applied to soil may also improve C accumulation Liyanage, L.V.K., Jayasundra, H.P.S., Mathes, D.T and indirectly through enhancing microbial biomass Fernado, D.N.S. 1989. Integration of pastures, fodder and and activity as reported by Liang and Balser (2011). cattle in coconut small holdings. CORD 5(2): 53-66.
生产力和碳封存(Srinivasan et al., for Agricultural Research. 2 Edition, John Wiley and 2012);Manna et al., 2012)。根据纽约《儿子》杂志的报道,704页。Manna et al.(2012),长期碳封存Lal, R. 2004。土壤固碳对全球土壤的影响既取决于有机碳投入,也取决于气候变化和粮食安全。[j] .中国科学院学报(自然科学版),2011。微生物生产的FYM分解缓慢,导致更多的有机碳顽固性有机质在全球土壤:对土壤积累的影响。除了直接的生产力和气候政策。土壤有机碳,有机肥料微生物学,doi:10.1038/nrmicro2386-c1031。Liyanage, L.V.K, Jayasundra, h.p.s., Mathes, D.T,并间接通过提高微生物生物量。根据Liang和Balser(2011)的报告,牧场、饲料和活动的整合。牛在椰子小农场。脐带5(2):53-66。
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引用次数: 0
Carbon stocks in major cashew growing soils of coastal Karnataka, India 印度沿海卡纳塔克邦主要腰果种植土壤的碳储量
Q4 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.25081/JPC.2019.V47.I1.5536
R. Srinivasan, A. Natarajan, K. A. Kumar, M. Lalitha
This study was taken up to assess the soil organic carbon (SOC) stock under cashew plantations in different management conditions viz., natural (cashew mixed with forest trees and cashew in scrub land conditions) and intensive management (research stations) in regions/locations of coastal Karnataka. Profile study was undertaken and six major soil series were identified. Horizon-wise soil samples were collected from different layers of soil profiles and the major soil properties viz., bulk density, pH, EC, particle size distribution and SOC were determined using standard laboratory procedures. The SOC stock was high in surface soils (2.0 to -2 -2 8.23 kg C m ) compared to subsoils (0.08 to 3.28 kg C m ) and it decreased with depth. The maximum SOC was found in mixed forest land use system followed by cashew plantation in scrub land and in research farm. The SOC stock in different depths (0-30, 30-100 -2 -2 and 0-100 cm) of the soils varied from 2.37 to 9.70 kg C m and 1.48 to 5.69 kg C m , respectively. Result indicated that cashew plantation under natural management has more SOC stock and high carbon sequestration potential-than intensively managed cashew plantations.
本研究旨在评估卡纳塔克邦沿海地区不同管理条件下腰果人工林土壤有机碳(SOC)储量,即天然(腰果与森林混种和灌丛条件下的腰果)和集约管理(研究站)。进行了剖面研究,确定了6个主要的土壤系列。水平方向的土壤样本从不同的土壤剖面层收集,并使用标准的实验室程序确定了主要的土壤特性,即体积密度、pH、EC、粒度分布和有机碳。表层土壤有机碳储量(2.0 ~ 2 -2 8.23 kg C m)高于下层土壤(0.08 ~ 3.28 kg C m),且随深度增加而减少。土壤有机碳含量最高的是混交林土地利用系统,其次是灌丛地腰果人工林和研究农场。不同深度(0-30、30-100 -2和0-100 cm)土壤有机碳储量变化范围分别为2.37 ~ 9.70 kg C m和1.48 ~ 5.69 kg C m。结果表明,与集约经营腰果人工林相比,自然经营腰果人工林具有更高的有机碳储量和固碳潜力。
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引用次数: 2
Electrophysiological and behavioral response of red palm weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Olivier) (Coleoptera: Dryophthoridae) to fermented coconut sap neera 红棕象甲(鞘翅目:树蛾科)对发酵椰汁的电生理和行为反应
Q4 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.25081/JPC.2019.V47.I2.5767
Vibina Venugopal, K. Subaharan
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引用次数: 3
Gene expression analysis of Coffea arabica seeds processed under different post-harvest processing methods 不同采收后加工方式下阿拉比卡咖啡种子基因表达分析
Q4 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.25081/JPC.2019.V47.I1.5528
A. Pallavicini, J. Devasia, Paolo Edomi Martina Modonut, L. Navarini
The mode of coffee processing, either the wet or dry method, determines the characteristic flavour and establishes the differences in quality of the final green coffee produced. The present study focused mainly on identifying the differential gene expression in green coffee seeds of Brazilian arabica coffee (Coffea arabica L.) among samples prepared under three different post-harvest treatments (natural, washed and semi washed method) and grown in two different locations. Expression levels of 16 genes of interest were measured. These genes are involved in various cellular, metabolic and biochemical activities influencing levels of certain compounds, such as lipids, carbohydrates, caffeine and chlorogenic acid, associated with quality characteristics of the beverage. Microarray experiments were designed with cDNA probe sequences. Microarray data was analyzed to identify the differences in gene expression between two altitudes and between two variables: location and post-harvest treatment. Cluster analysis was carried out with samples showing similar patterns, which are characteristic to the group. With this approach, it was possible to identify the important genes in C. arabica seeds that have differential (increased or decreased) expression levels. It was also seen that between the location and treatments, location profoundly impacts the levels of gene expression in samples.
咖啡加工的方式,无论是湿法还是干法,决定了咖啡的特色风味,并确定了最终生咖啡的质量差异。本研究的重点是鉴定巴西阿拉比卡咖啡(Coffea arabica L.)绿咖啡种子在三种不同采收后处理(自然、水洗和半水洗)和两种不同地点生长的差异基因表达。测定16个感兴趣基因的表达水平。这些基因参与各种细胞、代谢和生化活动,影响某些化合物的水平,如脂质、碳水化合物、咖啡因和绿原酸,这些化合物与饮料的质量特征有关。利用cDNA探针序列设计微阵列实验。分析了微阵列数据,以确定两个海拔高度以及两个变量(地点和收获后处理)之间基因表达的差异。聚类分析与显示相似模式的样本进行,这是该群体的特征。通过这种方法,可以鉴定出阿拉比卡咖啡豆种子中具有差异(增加或减少)表达水平的重要基因。我们还可以看到,在位置和处理之间,位置深刻地影响了样品中基因的表达水平。
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引用次数: 1
期刊
Journal of Plantation Crops
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