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A Drone Teacher: Designing Physical Human-Drone Interactions for Movement Instruction 无人机教师:设计物理人机交互的运动指令
IF 5.1 Q2 ROBOTICS Pub Date : 2023-03-13 DOI: 10.1145/3568162.3576985
Nialah Jenae Wilson-Small, D. Goedicke, Kirstin H. Petersen, Shiri Azenkot
Drones (micro unmanned aerial vehicles) are becoming more prevalent in applications that bring them into close human spaces. This is made possible in part by clear drone-to-human communication strategies. However, current auditory and visual communication methods only work with strict environmental settings. To continue expanding the possibilities for drones to be useful in human spaces, we explore ways to overcome these limitations through physical touch. We present a new application for drones--physical instructive feedback. To do this we designed three different physical interaction modes for a drone. We then conducted a user study (N=12) to answer fundamental questions of where and how people want to physically interact with drones, and what people naturally infer the physical touch is communicating. We then used these insights to conduct a second user study (N=14) to understand the best way for a drone to communicate instructions to a human in a movement task. We found that continuous physical feedback is both the preferred mode and is more effective at providing instruction than incremental feedback.
无人机(微型无人机)在将其带入近距离人类空间的应用中变得越来越普遍。这在一定程度上要归功于明确的无人机与人类之间的沟通策略。然而,目前的听觉和视觉交流方法只适用于严格的环境设置。为了继续扩大无人机在人类空间中使用的可能性,我们探索通过物理接触来克服这些限制的方法。我们提出了无人机的一种新应用——物理指导反馈。为此,我们为无人机设计了三种不同的物理交互模式。然后,我们进行了一项用户研究(N=12),以回答人们在哪里以及如何与无人机进行物理交互的基本问题,以及人们自然地推断物理触摸是在交流什么。然后,我们使用这些见解进行第二次用户研究(N=14),以了解无人机在运动任务中向人类传达指令的最佳方式。我们发现连续的物理反馈是首选的模式,并且在提供指导方面比增量反馈更有效。
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引用次数: 2
Examining the State of Robot Identity 研究机器人身份的状态
IF 5.1 Q2 ROBOTICS Pub Date : 2023-03-13 DOI: 10.1145/3568294.3580168
Lux Miranda, Ginevra Castellano, Katie Winkle
Human-robot interaction has the power to influence human norms and culture. While there is potential benefit in using this power to create positive social change, so too is there risk in merely reinforcing existing social biases which uphold systems of oppression. As the most salient forms of oppression arise along lines of social identity, it stands to reason that we must take utmost care in leveraging human-like identity cues when designing social robots and other agentic embodiments. Yet, the understanding of how to do this is not well-developed. Towards forming an ethics of robot identity, we begin by surveying the state of thought on the topic in human-robot interaction. We do this by conducting a structured review of HRI conference proceedings analyzed from a feminist, intersectional perspective. Our initial findings suggest that existing literature has not fully engaged with intersectionality, embodies an alarming pathologization of neurodivergence, and almost wholly neglects the examination of race.
人机交互具有影响人类规范和文化的力量。虽然利用这种力量创造积极的社会变革有潜在的好处,但仅仅加强现有的社会偏见也有风险,这些偏见维护了压迫制度。随着最突出的压迫形式随着社会身份的出现而出现,我们在设计社交机器人和其他代理体现时,必须非常小心地利用类似人类的身份线索,这是理所当然的。然而,人们对如何做到这一点的理解还不够充分。为了形成机器人身份的伦理,我们首先调查了关于人机交互主题的思想状态。为此,我们从女权主义和交叉的角度对人力资源研究所会议记录进行了结构化的审查。我们的初步发现表明,现有的文献并没有充分研究交叉性,体现了一种令人担忧的神经分化病理,而且几乎完全忽视了对种族的研究。
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引用次数: 1
Get SMART: Collaborative Goal Setting with Cognitively Assistive Robots 变得聪明:与认知辅助机器人合作的目标设定
IF 5.1 Q2 ROBOTICS Pub Date : 2023-03-13 DOI: 10.1145/3568162.3576993
A. Kubota, Rainee Pei, Ethan Sun, Dagoberto Cruz-Sandoval, Soyon Kim, L. Riek
Many robot-delivered health interventions aim to support people longitudinally at home to complement or replace in-clinic treatments. However, there is little guidance on how robots can support collaborative goal setting (CGS). CGS is the process in which a person works with a clinician to set and modify their goals for care; it can improve treatment adherence and efficacy. However, for home-deployed robots, clinicians will have limited availability to help set and modify goals over time, which necessitates that robots support CGS on their own. In this work, we explore how robots can facilitate CGS in the context of our robot CARMEN (Cognitively Assistive Robot for Motivation and Neurorehabilitation), which delivers neurorehabilitation to people with mild cognitive impairment (PwMCI). We co-designed robot behaviors for supporting CGS with clinical neuropsychologists and PwMCI, and prototyped them on CARMEN. We present feedback on how PwMCI envision these behaviors supporting goal progress and motivation during an intervention. We report insights on how to support this process with home-deployed robots and propose a framework to support HRI researchers interested in exploring this both in the context of cognitively assistive robots and beyond. This work supports designing and implementing CGS on robots, which will ultimately extend the efficacy of robot-delivered health interventions.
许多机器人提供的健康干预措施旨在长期支持人们在家补充或取代诊所治疗。然而,关于机器人如何支持协同目标设定(CGS)的指导很少。CGS是一个过程,在这个过程中,一个人与临床医生一起设定和修改他们的护理目标;它可以提高治疗依从性和疗效。然而,对于家庭部署的机器人,随着时间的推移,临床医生帮助设定和修改目标的可用性将受到限制,这就需要机器人自己支持CGS。在这项工作中,我们探索了机器人如何在我们的机器人CARMEN(动机和神经康复认知辅助机器人)的背景下促进CGS, CARMEN为轻度认知障碍(PwMCI)患者提供神经康复。我们与临床神经心理学家和PwMCI共同设计了支持CGS的机器人行为,并在CARMEN上进行了原型化。我们提出了关于PwMCI如何设想这些行为在干预期间支持目标进展和动机的反馈。我们报告了如何用家庭部署的机器人支持这一过程的见解,并提出了一个框架,以支持有兴趣在认知辅助机器人和其他背景下探索这一点的HRI研究人员。这项工作支持在机器人上设计和实施CGS,这将最终扩大机器人提供的健康干预措施的效力。
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引用次数: 0
Robot-Supported Information Search: Which Conversational Interaction Style do Children Prefer? 机器人支持的信息搜索:儿童更喜欢哪种会话交互方式?
IF 5.1 Q2 ROBOTICS Pub Date : 2023-03-13 DOI: 10.1145/3568294.3580128
Suyash Sharma, T. Beelen, K. Truong
Searching via speech with a robot can be used to better support children in expressing their information needs. We report on an exploratory study where children (N=35) worked on search tasks with two robots using different interaction styles. One system posed closed, yes/no questions and was more system-driven while the other system used open-ended questions and was more user-driven. We studied children's preferences and experiences of these interaction styles using questionnaires and semi-structured interviews. We found no overall strong preference between the interaction styles. However, some children reported task-dependent preferences. We further report on children's interpretation and reasoning around interaction styles for robots supporting information search.
通过机器人语音搜索可以更好地支持儿童表达他们的信息需求。我们报告了一项探索性研究,其中儿童(N=35)与使用不同交互风格的两个机器人一起完成搜索任务。一个系统提出封闭的是/否问题,更多的是系统驱动,而另一个系统使用开放式问题,更多的是用户驱动。我们通过问卷调查和半结构化访谈来研究儿童对这些互动方式的偏好和体验。我们发现在交互风格之间没有明显的偏好。然而,一些孩子报告了任务依赖的偏好。我们进一步报告了儿童对支持信息搜索的机器人交互风格的解释和推理。
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引用次数: 0
I Learn Better Alone! Collaborative and Individual Word Learning With a Child and Adult Robot 我一个人学得更好!与儿童和成人机器人合作和个人单词学习
IF 5.1 Q2 ROBOTICS Pub Date : 2023-03-13 DOI: 10.1145/3568162.3577004
Alireza M. Kamelabad, G. Skantze
The use of social robots as a tool for language learning has been studied quite extensively recently. Although their effectiveness and comparison with other technologies are well studied, the effects of the robot's appearance and the interaction setting have received less attention. As educational robots are envisioned to appear in household or school environments, it is important to investigate how their designed persona or interaction dynamics affect learning outcomes. In such environments, children may do the activities together or alone or perform them in the presence of an adult or another child. In this regard, we have identified two novel factors to investigate: the robot's perceived age (adult or child) and the number of learners interacting with the robot simultaneously (one or two). We designed an incidental word learning card game with the Furhat robot and ran a between-subject experiment with 75 middle school participants. We investigated the interactions and effects of children's word learning outcomes, speech activity, and perception of the robot's role. The results show that children who played alone with the robot had better word retention and anthropomorphized the robot more, compared to those who played in pairs. Furthermore, unlike previous findings from human-human interactions, children did not show different behaviors in the presence of a robot designed as an adult or a child. We discuss these factors in detail and make a novel contribution to the direct comparison of collaborative versus individual learning and the new concept of the robot's age.
最近,社交机器人作为语言学习工具的使用得到了相当广泛的研究。虽然它们的有效性和与其他技术的比较已经得到了很好的研究,但机器人的外观和交互设置的影响却很少受到关注。随着教育机器人被设想出现在家庭或学校环境中,研究它们设计的角色或交互动态如何影响学习结果是很重要的。在这种环境中,儿童可能会一起或单独进行活动,或者在成人或其他儿童在场的情况下进行活动。在这方面,我们确定了两个新的因素来研究:机器人的感知年龄(成人或儿童)和同时与机器人互动的学习者数量(一个或两个)。我们用Furhat机器人设计了一个偶然的单词学习纸牌游戏,并在75名中学参与者中进行了一项受试者之间的实验。我们研究了儿童词汇学习成果、言语活动和机器人角色感知之间的相互作用和影响。结果显示,与成对玩耍的孩子相比,单独与机器人玩耍的孩子有更好的单词记忆能力,也更能将机器人拟人化。此外,与之前人类互动的研究结果不同,儿童在成人机器人和儿童机器人面前并没有表现出不同的行为。我们详细讨论了这些因素,并对协作学习与个体学习的直接比较以及机器人时代的新概念做出了新的贡献。
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引用次数: 0
Nudging or Waiting?: Automatically Synthesized Robot Strategies for Evacuating Noncompliant Users in an Emergency Situation 推动还是等待?:紧急情况下疏散不服从用户的自动合成机器人策略
IF 5.1 Q2 ROBOTICS Pub Date : 2023-03-13 DOI: 10.1145/3568162.3576955
Yuhan Hu, Jin Ryu, David Gundana, Kirstin H. Petersen, H. Kress-Gazit, G. Hoffman
Robots have the potential to assist in emergency evacuation tasks, but it is not clear how robots should behave to evacuate people who are not fully compliant, perhaps due to panic or other priorities in an emergency. In this paper, we compare two robot strategies: an actively nudging robot that initiates evacuation and pulls toward the exit and a passively waiting robot that stays around users and waits for instruction. Both strategies were automatically synthesized from a description of the desired behavior. We conduct a within participant study ( = 20) in a simulated environment to compare the evacuation effectiveness between the two robot strategies. Our results indicate an advantage of the nudging robot for effective evacuation when being exposed to the evacuation scenario for the first time. The waiting robot results in lower efficiency, higher mental load, and more physical conflicts. However, participants like the waiting robots equally or slightly more when they repeat the evacuation scenario and are more familiar with the situation. Our qualitative analysis of the participants' feedback suggests several design implications for future emergency evacuation robots.
机器人有潜力协助紧急疏散任务,但目前尚不清楚机器人应该如何疏散那些在紧急情况下可能由于恐慌或其他优先事项而不完全服从的人。在本文中,我们比较了两种机器人策略:主动推动机器人启动疏散并向出口拉,被动等待机器人留在用户周围并等待指令。这两种策略都是根据期望行为的描述自动合成的。我们在模拟环境中进行了参与者内部研究(= 20),以比较两种机器人策略之间的疏散效果。我们的研究结果表明,在第一次暴露于疏散场景时,轻推机器人具有有效疏散的优势。等待机器人导致效率降低,精神负荷增加,身体冲突增多。然而,当参与者重复疏散场景并对情况更熟悉时,他们对等待的机器人的喜爱程度相同或略高。我们对参与者反馈的定性分析为未来紧急疏散机器人的设计提供了一些启示。
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引用次数: 0
The Eye of the Robot Beholder: Ethical Risks of Representation, Recognition, and Reasoning over Identity Characteristics in Human-Robot Interaction 机器人观察者之眼:人机交互中身份特征的表征、识别和推理的伦理风险
IF 5.1 Q2 ROBOTICS Pub Date : 2023-03-13 DOI: 10.1145/3568294.3580031
T. Williams
Significant segments of the HRI literature rely on or promote the ability to reason about human identity characteristics, including age, gender, and cultural background. However, attempting to handle identity characteristics raises a number of critical ethical concerns, especially given the spatiotemporal dynamics of these characteristics. In this paper I question whether human identity characteristics can and should be represented, recognized, or reasoned about by robots, with special attention paid to the construct of race, due to its relative lack of consideration within the HRI community. As I will argue, while there are a number of well-warranted reasons why HRI researchers might want to enable robotic consideration of identity characteristics, these reasons are outweighed by a number of key ontological, perceptual, and deployment-oriented concerns. This argument raises troubling questions as to whether robots should even be able to understand or generate descriptions of people, and how they would do so while avoiding these ethical concerns. Finally, I conclude with a discussion of what this means for the HRI community, in terms of both algorithm and robot design, and speculate as to possible paths forward.
人力资源研究文献的重要部分依赖或促进推理人类身份特征的能力,包括年龄、性别和文化背景。然而,试图处理身份特征引起了一些关键的伦理问题,特别是考虑到这些特征的时空动态。在本文中,我质疑人类的身份特征是否可以而且应该由机器人来代表、识别或推理,并特别关注种族的构建,因为它在HRI社区中相对缺乏考虑。正如我将要论证的那样,尽管HRI研究人员可能希望机器人考虑身份特征有许多充分的理由,但这些理由被一些关键的本体论、感知和面向部署的担忧所压倒。这一论点提出了一些令人不安的问题,比如机器人是否应该能够理解或生成对人的描述,以及它们如何在避免这些伦理问题的同时做到这一点。最后,我将讨论这对HRI社区的意义,包括算法和机器人设计,并推测可能的发展路径。
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引用次数: 0
Cogui Cogui
IF 5.1 Q2 ROBOTICS Pub Date : 2023-03-13 DOI: 10.1145/3568294.3580202
Adrian Anhuaman, Carlos Granados, William Meza, Roberto Raez
Autistic kids have difficulties communicating with others and learning new things in an academic environment. Cogui is a robot designed for ASD children. It converses with children in a reciprocal way in order to emphasize with the kid and help them in their learning process while having fun.
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引用次数: 0
Social Robotics meets Sociolinguistics: Investigating Accent Bias and Social Context in HRI 社会机器人学与社会语言学:调查HRI中的口音偏见与社会语境
IF 5.1 Q2 ROBOTICS Pub Date : 2023-03-13 DOI: 10.1145/3568294.3580063
M. Foster, J. Stuart-Smith
Deploying a social robot in the real world means that it must interact with speakers from diverse backgrounds, who in turn are likely to show substantial accent and dialect variation. Linguistic variation in social context has been well studied in human-human interaction; however, the influence of these factors on human interactions with digital agents, especially embodied agents such as robots, has received less attention. Here we present an ongoing project where the goal is to develop a social robot that is suitable for deployment in ethnically-diverse areas with distinctive regional accents. To help in developing this robot, we carried out an online survey of Scottish adults to understand their expectations for conversational interaction with a robot. The results confirm that social factors constraining accent and dialect are likely to be significant issues for human-robot interaction in this context, and so must be taken into account in the design of the system at all levels.
在现实世界中部署社交机器人意味着它必须与来自不同背景的说话者互动,而这些人可能会表现出大量的口音和方言差异。在人际交往中,社会语境中的语言变异已经得到了很好的研究;然而,这些因素对人类与数字代理(尤其是机器人等具身代理)互动的影响却很少受到关注。在这里,我们提出了一个正在进行的项目,其目标是开发一种适合在具有独特地域口音的种族多样化地区部署的社交机器人。为了帮助开发这个机器人,我们对苏格兰成年人进行了一项在线调查,以了解他们对与机器人对话互动的期望。结果证实,在这种情况下,限制口音和方言的社会因素可能是人机交互的重要问题,因此必须在所有级别的系统设计中加以考虑。
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引用次数: 4
Bridging the Gap: Using a Game-based Approach to Raise Lay People's Awareness About Care Robots 弥合差距:使用基于游戏的方法来提高外行人对护理机器人的认识
IF 5.1 Q2 ROBOTICS Pub Date : 2023-03-13 DOI: 10.1145/3568294.3580125
Katharina Brunnmayr, A. Weiss
As people's expectations regarding robots are still mostly shaped by the media and Science Fiction, there exists a gap between imaginaries of robots and the state-of-the-art of robotic technologies. Care robots are one example of existing robots that the general public has little awareness about. In this report, we introduce a card-based game prototype developed with the goal to bridge this gap and explore how people conceive of existing care robots as a part of their daily lives. Based on the trial game runs, we conclude that game-based approach is effective as a device to inform participants in a playful setting about existing care robots and to elicit conversations about the role such robots could play in their lives. In the future, we plan to adapt the prototype and create a design game prototype to develop novel use cases for care robots.
由于人们对机器人的期望仍然主要是由媒体和科幻小说塑造的,因此机器人的想象与机器人技术的最新水平之间存在差距。护理机器人是公众对现有机器人知之甚少的一个例子。在本报告中,我们介绍了一个基于卡片的游戏原型,旨在弥合这一差距,并探索人们如何将现有的护理机器人视为日常生活的一部分。基于试验游戏的运行,我们得出结论,基于游戏的方法作为一种有效的设备,可以让参与者在一个有趣的环境中了解现有的护理机器人,并引发关于这些机器人在他们生活中可能扮演的角色的对话。在未来,我们计划调整原型并创建一个设计游戏原型,以开发护理机器人的新用例。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
ACM Transactions on Human-Robot Interaction
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