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A Meta-Analytical Study of Cultural Dimensions Moderating the Relationship Between Board Diversity and Environmental Performance 文化维度调节董事会多样性与环境绩效关系的元分析研究
IF 4.2 Q1 BUSINESS Pub Date : 2025-10-07 DOI: 10.1002/bsd2.70230
Waris Ali, Jeffrey Wilson, Amr ElAlfy

Inconsistent findings on the relationship between board diversity attributes and environmental performance in the extant literature warrant a comprehensive meta-analytical assessment. Therefore, this research is targeted to examine the relationship between board diversity attributes—such as age, gender, education, nationality, and ethnicity—and corporate environmental performance through meta-analysis. Additionally, it sheds light on the moderating influences of cultural dimensions—individualism, masculinity, power distance, uncertainty avoidance, long-term orientation, and indulgence—on these relationships as national-level cultural factors were rarely examined in the extant literature on corporate environmental performance. This research relied on 182 effect sizes from 91 studies published in Chartered Association of Business Schools (ABS) ranked journals in the last two decades. Mean correlation coefficients and random-effect meta-regressions were used to test the hypothesized relationships. All the board diversity attributes have a significant positive relationship with environmental performance. Concerning moderating effects, cultural dimensions of high power distance and uncertainty avoidance strengthen the positive relationship between board diversity attributes and environmental performance, whereas high individualism and indulgence dimensions weaken them. Masculinity and long-term orientations yielded mixed results. In general, the results suggest that policies aimed at promoting board diversity can improve corporate environmental performance. However, the effectiveness of board diversity attributes in promoting corporate environmental performance is influenced by cultural factors. Since this research exclusively relies on articles published in English-language ABS-ranked journals, it may limit the generalizability of the findings by excluding potentially relevant studies published in other languages in other institutional and cultural contexts.

现有文献中关于董事会多样性属性与环境绩效之间关系的不一致发现,需要进行全面的元分析评估。因此,本研究的目标是通过荟萃分析来检验董事会多样性属性(如年龄、性别、教育程度、国籍和种族)与公司环境绩效之间的关系。此外,它还揭示了文化维度——个人主义、男性气质、权力距离、不确定性规避、长期取向和放纵——对这些关系的调节作用,因为在现有的关于企业环境绩效的文献中,国家层面的文化因素很少被研究。这项研究依赖于过去20年里发表在英国特许商学院协会(Chartered Association of Business Schools, ABS)排名期刊上的91项研究中的182项效应量。使用平均相关系数和随机效应元回归来检验假设的关系。董事会多样性属性与环境绩效之间存在显著的正相关关系。在调节效应方面,高权力距离和不确定性回避的文化维度强化了董事会多样性属性与环境绩效之间的正向关系,而高个人主义和放纵的文化维度则削弱了二者之间的正向关系。男性气质和长期性取向产生了不同的结果。总体而言,研究结果表明,旨在促进董事会多元化的政策可以改善公司的环境绩效。然而,董事会多样性属性促进企业环境绩效的有效性受到文化因素的影响。由于本研究完全依赖于发表在abs排名英文期刊上的文章,因此排除了在其他制度和文化背景下以其他语言发表的潜在相关研究,可能会限制研究结果的普遍性。
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引用次数: 0
From Collective Norms to Personal Responsibility: Integrating TPB and SDT to Explain Green Banking Behaviors in a Transitional Society 从集体规范到个人责任:整合城市规划与SDT解释转型社会中的绿色银行行为
IF 4.2 Q1 BUSINESS Pub Date : 2025-10-07 DOI: 10.1002/bsd2.70229
Krisdela Kaçani, Elena Kokthi, Myriam González-Limón, Luis Miguel López-Bonilla

This study investigates how environmental concern translates into green banking behavior by distinguishing three behavioral mechanisms: cost-sensitive (instrumental—via perceived benefits and adoption intention), loyalty-based, and sacrifice-based (affective—via trust). Grounded in the theory of planned behavior (TPB) and self-determination theory (SDT), we employ structural equation modelling (SEM) and a conditional moderated mediation model (PROCESS Model 11), with perceived benefits, adoption intention, and trust serving as mediators, and personal responsibility and social norms acting as moderators. Findings indicated that different psychological paths trigger different outcomes of pro-environmental financial behavior. Artificial neural networks (ANN) complement the analysis by detecting nonlinear patterns, supporting the multidimensional nature of environmental behavior. The study challenges one-dimensional measurement of green behavior and underscores the need for tailored policy approaches in sustainable finance. By aligning motivation types with targeted behavioral outcomes, this work advances applications of behavioral economics in green banking.

本研究通过区分三种行为机制来探讨环境关注如何转化为绿色银行行为:成本敏感(通过感知到的利益和采用意愿)、基于忠诚和基于牺牲(通过信任)。在计划行为理论(TPB)和自我决定理论(SDT)的基础上,我们采用结构方程模型(SEM)和条件调节的中介模型(PROCESS模型11),其中感知利益、采纳意愿和信任作为中介,个人责任和社会规范作为中介。研究发现,不同的心理路径会引发不同的亲环境金融行为结果。人工神经网络(ANN)通过检测非线性模式来补充分析,支持环境行为的多维性。该研究对绿色行为的一维测量提出了挑战,并强调了在可持续金融领域制定量身定制的政策方法的必要性。通过将动机类型与目标行为结果相结合,本研究推进了行为经济学在绿色银行中的应用。
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引用次数: 0
Artificial Intelligence-Based ESG Greenwashing Detection: Road to Net Zero Carbon and Its Impact on Corporate Performance 基于人工智能的ESG洗绿检测:通往净零碳之路及其对企业绩效的影响
IF 4.2 Q1 BUSINESS Pub Date : 2025-10-04 DOI: 10.1002/bsd2.70228
Ratna Candra Sari, Mahfud Sholihin, Fitra Roman Cahaya, Abdullahi Ishola, Nurhening Yuniarti, Arin Pranesti, Annisa Ratna Sari,  Haryanto

To respond to public criticism on environmental issues, some businesses have significantly improved their environmental performance. Others, on the other hand, have responded symbolically by making little to no changes or by performing greenwashing. While much research has examined greenwashing, AI-based techniques for identifying it have received less attention. The aim of this study is to validate the robustness of our AI-based greenwashing detection (AI-GW). In this study, our proposed AI-GW model is cross-tested with the existing ESG datasets from trusted and reputable financial and market data providers, namely Thomson Reuters and Bloomberg. Further, we examine the impact of greenwashing on corporate performance. To test the hypotheses, we use panel data gathered from all the Indonesian companies that have provided full ESG disclosures from 2017 to 2022. This study finds no difference between greenwashing scores based on our AI-GW and the database. This study also finds a positive correlation between AI-GW and greenwashing scores from a database. Further, the findings show that greenwashing consistently has a negative significant effect on financial performance when using our AI-GW-derived scores and the database-derived data. The results of this study provide support for the validity of the AI-based greenwashing detection method we developed.

为了回应公众对环境问题的批评,一些企业显著改善了环境绩效。另一方面,其他一些国家象征性地做出回应,要么不做什么改变,要么进行“漂绿”。虽然很多研究都研究了“洗绿”,但基于人工智能的识别技术受到的关注较少。本研究的目的是验证我们基于人工智能的洗绿检测(AI-GW)的稳健性。在本研究中,我们提出的AI-GW模型与现有的ESG数据集进行了交叉测试,这些数据集来自可信的知名金融和市场数据提供商,即汤森路透和彭博社。进一步,我们考察了“漂绿”对公司绩效的影响。为了验证这些假设,我们使用了从2017年至2022年提供完整ESG披露的所有印尼公司收集的面板数据。这项研究发现,基于我们的AI-GW和数据库的绿洗得分之间没有差异。本研究还从数据库中发现AI-GW与洗绿得分呈正相关。此外,研究结果表明,当使用我们的ai - gw衍生分数和数据库衍生数据时,“漂绿”始终对财务绩效产生显著的负面影响。本研究的结果为我们开发的基于人工智能的洗绿检测方法的有效性提供了支持。
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引用次数: 0
Impact of Management on Financial Performance in the Pharmaceutical Industry 医药行业管理对财务绩效的影响
IF 4.2 Q1 BUSINESS Pub Date : 2025-10-02 DOI: 10.1002/bsd2.70232
Cristina Blanco González-Tejero, Alicia Ramírez-Orellana, Silvia Giralt Escobar, Antonio Garcia-Amate

This study examines the impact of board independence, inclusion, research and development (R&D) intensity, and gender diversity on corporate financial performance in the pharmaceutical industry—a critical indicator in financial management. These variables are increasingly relevant to corporate sustainability, especially in the face of a dynamic and highly competitive market environment. Using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM), on a robust dataset of 296 observations from 80 pharmaceutical companies from around the world over a different year period (2011–2022), the research examines how governance and organizational factors influence financial outcomes, measured by Return on Assets (ROA), Return on Equity (ROE), Return on Sales (ROS), and Tobin's Q. Findings reveal that board independence positively affects financial performance. Additionally, innovation—reflected in higher R&D investment—significantly enhances firm performance, underlining its strategic role in competitiveness and growth. Gender diversity and inclusion are also assessed for their contributions to organizational value. The study offers insights for companies and decision-makers, highlighting the importance of integrating governance mechanisms into strategic planning to align with corporate goals and improve financial results.

本研究考察了董事会独立性、包容性、研发强度和性别多样性对制药行业公司财务绩效的影响——这是财务管理的一个关键指标。这些变量与公司的可持续性关系日益密切,特别是在面对动态和高度竞争的市场环境时。本研究使用偏最小二乘结构方程模型(PLS-SEM),对来自全球80家制药公司不同年份(2011-2022年)的296个观察数据集进行分析,通过资产回报率(ROA)、股本回报率(ROE)、销售回报率(ROS)和托宾q (Tobin’s q)来衡量治理和组织因素如何影响财务结果。研究结果显示,董事会独立性对财务绩效有积极影响。此外,创新——体现在更高的研发投资上——显著提高了企业绩效,凸显了创新在竞争力和增长中的战略作用。还评估性别多样性和包容性对组织价值的贡献。该研究为公司和决策者提供了见解,强调了将治理机制整合到战略规划中以与公司目标保持一致并改善财务结果的重要性。
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引用次数: 0
Correction to “Green Transformational Leadership and Firm ESG Performance in a Transitional Economy: The Serial Mediating Roles of Green Training and Green Involvement” 对“转型经济中的绿色变革型领导与企业ESG绩效:绿色培训和绿色参与的系列中介作用”的修正
IF 4.2 Q1 BUSINESS Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1002/bsd2.70231

Thao, M. T. P., B. T. Trang, and D.-V. Thac. 2025. “Green Transformational Leadership and Firm ESG Performance in a Transitional Economy: The Serial Mediating Roles of Green Training and Green Involvement.” Business Strategy & Development 8, no. 3: e70225. https://doi.org/10.1002/bsd2.70225.

Some words in the name of the funding organization are missing: “This work was supported by the Đại học Kinh t Thành ph H Chí Minh.

It should be: “This work was supported by Đại học Kinh tế Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh (UEH University)”.

We apologize for this error.

陶明平,张伯韬,张德伟。Thac》2025。转型经济中的绿色变革型领导与企业ESG绩效:绿色培训和绿色参与的系列中介作用。商业战略与发展8,第1期。3: e70225。https://doi.org/10.1002/bsd2.70225.Some资助机构名称中的文字缺失:“这项工作得到了Đại học Kinh t Thành ph H Chí Minh的支持。它应该是:“这项工作得到了Đại học Kinh thung Thành phnguyen hnguyen Chí Minh (UEH University)的支持”。我们为这个错误道歉。
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引用次数: 0
Correction to “Maximizing Financial Performance Through ESG Excellence and Sustainable Practices” 更正“透过卓越的ESG及可持续实践,提升财务表现”
IF 4.2 Q1 BUSINESS Pub Date : 2025-09-29 DOI: 10.1002/bsd2.70227

Guterres, M., D. D. M. Ferreira, and M. M. R. Junior. 2025. “Maximizing Financial Performance Through ESG Excellence and Sustainable Practices.” Business Strategy & Development 8, no. 3: e70218. https://doi.org/10.1002/bsd2.70218.

The funding statement for this article was missing. The below funding statement has been added to the Acknowledgments section of the article:

The Article Processing Charge for the publication of this research was funded by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - Brasil (CAPES) (ROR identifier: 00x0ma614).

We apologize for this error.

古特雷斯,博士,博士,博士,博士费雷拉和博士,2025。“通过卓越的ESG和可持续实践最大化财务绩效。”商业战略与发展8,第1期。3: e70218。https://doi.org/10.1002/bsd2.70218.The这篇文章的资助声明缺失了。本文的致谢部分添加了以下资助声明:发表本研究的文章处理费由巴西Nível Superior - Brasil (CAPES) (ROR标识符:00x0ma614)资助。我们为这个错误道歉。
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引用次数: 0
Shared Value in Crisis: The Role of SMEs in Humanitarian Action 危机中的共同价值:中小企业在人道主义行动中的作用
IF 4.2 Q1 BUSINESS Pub Date : 2025-09-29 DOI: 10.1002/bsd2.70219
Monica Adami

Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) are often marginalized in humanitarian research and policy, yet they play a vital role in sustaining livelihoods and services in crisis-affected contexts. This article examines how SMEs co-create humanitarian value through embedded, adaptive, and ethically situated practices. Drawing on a comparative case study of the Philippines and Yemen—two crises with contrasting institutional conditions—it develops a conceptual framework that integrates shared value practical reason, and commons governance. The Philippines represents a disaster-prone but institutionally scaffolded environment where SMEs engage through formal resilience clusters and business continuity frameworks. Yemen, by contrast, exemplifies institutional collapse, where SMEs sustain essential services through survival-driven improvisation, informal governance, and moral obligations to communities. Empirical material was mainly derived from triangulated secondary sources, analyzed through deductive thematic coding and cross-case pattern matching. Findings reveal two distinct pathways of SME engagement: resilience-driven shared value under enabling conditions and survival-driven shared value in fragile economies. While limited by the absence of direct SME voices, the study highlights the importance of recognizing SMEs as embedded humanitarian actors and calls for more inclusive frameworks that integrate local enterprise agency into crisis governance.

中小企业在人道主义研究和政策中往往被边缘化,但在受危机影响的环境中,它们在维持生计和服务方面发挥着至关重要的作用。本文考察了中小企业如何通过嵌入的、适应性的和符合伦理的实践共同创造人道主义价值。通过对菲律宾和也门这两个制度条件截然不同的危机进行比较案例研究,本文提出了一个整合了共享价值、实践理性和共同治理的概念框架。菲律宾是一个易受灾害影响但在制度上有支撑的环境,中小企业通过正式的抗灾集群和业务连续性框架参与其中。相比之下,也门是制度崩溃的典型,中小企业通过生存驱动的即兴发挥、非正式治理和对社区的道德义务来维持基本服务。经验资料主要来源于三角化的二手资料,并通过演绎主题编码和跨案例模式匹配进行分析。研究结果揭示了中小企业参与的两种不同途径:有利条件下弹性驱动的共享价值和脆弱经济体中生存驱动的共享价值。虽然受到中小企业缺乏直接声音的限制,但该研究强调了将中小企业视为嵌入人道主义行为体的重要性,并呼吁建立更具包容性的框架,将地方企业机构纳入危机治理。
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引用次数: 0
Linking Corporate Environmental Strategy to Environmental Performance: The Mediating Role of Employee Green Behavior and the Moderating Effect of Environmental Concern 企业环境战略对环境绩效的影响:员工绿色行为的中介作用及环境关注的调节作用
IF 4.2 Q1 BUSINESS Pub Date : 2025-09-29 DOI: 10.1002/bsd2.70215
Mekuria Belayneh Haile, Sandeep Singh

This study examined the link between corporate environmental strategy (CES) and environmental performance (EP) in large-scale manufacturing organizations in Kombolcha City, Ethiopia. It also investigated the mediating role of green behavior (GB) and the moderating effect of environmental concern (EC) in this linkage. The research is grounded in the Natural Resource-Based View, which frames CES as a strategic asset, and Social Identity Theory, which explains how employees internalize and act on environmental values. The researchers utilized an explanatory research design and employed a quantitative approach. A self-administered questionnaire was utilized, and data were collected from 379 employees and analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The results of the study revealed that CES, GB, and EC have a significant positive effect on EP. Research results asserted that GB acts as a mediator between CES and EP. The findings also demonstrated that EC moderates the link between GB and EP, but with a small effect size. Leaders in manufacturing organizations and policymakers ought to endorse efforts that promote employee engagement in GB. Organizations must focus on not only formulating a corporate environmental strategy but, more importantly, building a culture that fosters and sustains environmentally responsible behaviors at all levels to ensure its successful implementation. In general, strong environmental strategies that emphasize the concept of shared responsibility for sustainability greatly improve employee EP.

本研究考察了埃塞俄比亚孔博尔查市大型制造组织的企业环境战略(CES)与环境绩效(EP)之间的联系。研究了绿色行为(GB)的中介作用和环境关注(EC)在这一联系中的调节作用。该研究基于自然资源基础观和社会认同理论,前者将环境资源视为一种战略资产,后者解释了员工如何内化环境价值并采取行动。研究人员采用解释性研究设计和定量方法。采用自填问卷,收集379名员工的数据,采用偏最小二乘结构方程模型(PLS-SEM)进行分析。研究结果显示,ce、GB和EC对EP有显著的正向影响。研究结果表明,GB在ce和EP之间起中介作用。研究结果还表明,EC调节了GB和EP之间的联系,但效应量较小。制造业组织的领导者和政策制定者应该支持促进GB员工敬业度的努力。组织不仅要注重制定企业环境战略,更重要的是,要建立一种文化,在各个层面促进和维持对环境负责的行为,以确保其成功实施。一般来说,强调可持续发展共同责任概念的强有力的环境战略大大提高了员工的环境绩效。
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引用次数: 0
Strategy and Development in Pharmacy Holding Companies: Enhancing Sustainable Lifestyle and Unlocking New Business Opportunities 医药控股公司的策略与发展:提升可持续生活方式,释放新商机
IF 4.2 Q1 BUSINESS Pub Date : 2025-09-25 DOI: 10.1002/bsd2.70226
Idiano D'Adamo, Simona Desideri, Massimo Gastaldi, Martina Iannilli, Federico Marinangeli

The creation of pharmacy holding companies today is not merely a strategic choice but increasingly a necessity, driven by evolving market dynamics, regulatory changes, and the growing complexity of management. This paper explores how these companies can play a transformative role by enhancing sustainable lifestyles and unlocking new business opportunities, which are both central to their development strategy. To address this, a multi-criteria decision analysis is proposed, combining the compensatory methods AHP and TOPSIS, based on insights from four categories of experts. The results show a notable correlation between the AHP and TOPSIS values, although the rankings diverge. TOPSIS identifies business opportunities as the main driver behind a pharmacy owner's decision to join a holding, whereas AHP highlights the importance of lifestyle improvements and better working conditions. Expert perspectives also vary: managers and academics emphasize lifestyle factors, consultants focus on market potential, and pharmacists prioritize acquisition costs. Pharmacy holding companies, by evolving from shareholder-driven to stakeholder-oriented models, are positioned to place the customer at the center, expanding services and redistributing benefits generated by the new structure. A business strategy aligned with this model can contribute meaningfully to the achievement of SDGs 3 and 8.

在不断变化的市场动态、监管变化和日益复杂的管理的推动下,今天创建制药控股公司不仅是一种战略选择,而且越来越成为一种必要。本文探讨了这些公司如何通过加强可持续的生活方式和释放新的商业机会来发挥变革性作用,这两者都是其发展战略的核心。为了解决这个问题,提出了一种多准则决策分析,结合补偿方法AHP和TOPSIS,基于四类专家的见解。结果表明,AHP与TOPSIS值之间存在显著的相关性,尽管排名存在差异。TOPSIS认为商业机会是药店老板决定加入控股公司的主要驱动力,而AHP则强调改善生活方式和改善工作条件的重要性。专家的观点也各不相同:管理者和学者强调生活方式因素,咨询师关注市场潜力,药剂师优先考虑收购成本。制药控股公司通过从股东驱动模式向利益相关者导向模式的演变,定位于以客户为中心,扩大服务并重新分配新结构产生的利益。与此模型相一致的商业战略可以为实现可持续发展目标3和8做出有意义的贡献。
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引用次数: 0
The Power of Purpose: How Organizational Purpose Strength Enhances Social Well-Being Within Work Teams 目标的力量:组织目标力量如何增强工作团队中的社会幸福感
IF 4.2 Q1 BUSINESS Pub Date : 2025-09-25 DOI: 10.1002/bsd2.70216
M. P. Florez-Jimenez, A. Lleo, E. McNeely, P. Ruiz-Palomino

The Covid-19 pandemic has made explicit both the rise in loneliness and mental illness and the increase in remote work or working from home; a working condition shown to be related to loneliness, anxiety, and depression. This paper explores whether a strong organizational purpose, at the group level—defined as employees within a group understanding, valuing, and contributing to it—can generate bonds that promote social well-being at the group level in a dynamic and changing world. Using Partial Least Squares and a sample of 261 departments/groups of 31 organizations, we found that group-level organizational purpose strength fosters social well-being within work groups, as reflected in group-level sense of belonging and collaborative behaviors. We also identify group-level characteristics that may moderate these relationships. Our findings advance Social Identity Theory, Self-Determination Theory, and the emerging Theory of Purpose Orientation by extending prior research on organizational purpose. Earlier research has examined purpose mainly in relation to final outcomes like productivity and performance but has overlooked intermediate outcomes such as group-level social well-being—the focus of this study.

2019冠状病毒病大流行明确表明,孤独和精神疾病的增加,以及远程工作或在家工作的增加;与孤独、焦虑和抑郁有关的一种工作状态。本文探讨了在一个充满活力和变化的世界中,一个强大的组织目标,在群体层面上——定义为群体内的员工理解、重视和贡献它——是否能在群体层面上产生促进社会福祉的纽带。利用偏最小二乘法和31个组织的261个部门/小组的样本,我们发现群体层面的组织目的强度促进了工作群体内的社会幸福感,这反映在群体层面的归属感和协作行为上。我们还确定了可能调节这些关系的群体水平特征。我们的研究结果通过扩展先前对组织目的的研究,推动了社会认同理论、自我决定理论和新兴的目的取向理论的发展。早期的研究主要考察了目标与生产力和绩效等最终结果的关系,但忽略了中间结果,如群体层面的社会福祉——这也是本研究的重点。
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引用次数: 0
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