Pub Date : 2020-05-05DOI: 10.33552/ojor.2020.02.000542
Dave Gordey, M. Redleaf, Julia L. Kerolus, Margaret Mary Fahey Graf, Marc De Var
As hearing care professionals, we want children with hearing loss to have the best access to sound in their daily environments. This means their amplification must provide good audibility for speech in quiet, and in complex, noisy environments. Traditional pediatric hearing instruments have utilized Wide Dynamic Range Compression (WDRC) hearing aid processing for the management of soft, average, and loud sounds. This was considered important as young children with hearing loss may not have the ability to adjust their hearing aids and control for sounds that may become uncomfortably loud [1]. Using fixed attack and release times, WDRC can manage a broad range of input levels to the hearing aids. Unfortunately, there are limitations with WDRC. Slow acting WDRC may not provide access to quiet sounds, when followed by those that are loud; while fast acting WDRC may cause distortion, giving speech an unnatural quality and the listener perceives the sounds as “noisy” [2].
{"title":"A Clinical Evaluation of Adaptive Hearing Aid Compression: Exploring its Impact on the Word Recognition Abilities of Spanish Pediatric Hearing Aid Users","authors":"Dave Gordey, M. Redleaf, Julia L. Kerolus, Margaret Mary Fahey Graf, Marc De Var","doi":"10.33552/ojor.2020.02.000542","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33552/ojor.2020.02.000542","url":null,"abstract":"As hearing care professionals, we want children with hearing loss to have the best access to sound in their daily environments. This means their amplification must provide good audibility for speech in quiet, and in complex, noisy environments. Traditional pediatric hearing instruments have utilized Wide Dynamic Range Compression (WDRC) hearing aid processing for the management of soft, average, and loud sounds. This was considered important as young children with hearing loss may not have the ability to adjust their hearing aids and control for sounds that may become uncomfortably loud [1]. Using fixed attack and release times, WDRC can manage a broad range of input levels to the hearing aids. Unfortunately, there are limitations with WDRC. Slow acting WDRC may not provide access to quiet sounds, when followed by those that are loud; while fast acting WDRC may cause distortion, giving speech an unnatural quality and the listener perceives the sounds as “noisy” [2].","PeriodicalId":365490,"journal":{"name":"Online Journal of Otolaryngology and Rhinology","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128085045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-11DOI: 10.33552/ojor.2020.02.000538
{"title":"Anxiety and Smoking Behavior of Teenager in Papua, Indonesia","authors":"","doi":"10.33552/ojor.2020.02.000538","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33552/ojor.2020.02.000538","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":365490,"journal":{"name":"Online Journal of Otolaryngology and Rhinology","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132059949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-02DOI: 10.33552/ojor.2020.02.000537
Tariq Tatwani
Sinonasal inverted papilloma (IP) also known as Schneiderian papilloma is one of the most intriguing pathology of nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses [1]. It is a benign epithelial neoplasm arising from the Schneiderian epithelium that lines the nose and paranasal sinuses [2]. Other names for this tumor include epithelial papilloma, Ringertz’s tumour, transitional cell papilloma, villiform cancer and Ewing’s papilloma [3]. It accounts for 70% of all sinonasal papillomas, remaining 30% are either exophyticpapillomas or columnar cell papillomas despite that it is not very common diseases (0.5-4% of all nasal and sinus tumours). However, IP attracts considerable interest because it is locally aggressive, has a high propensity to recur, and is significantly associated with malignant transformation-most frequently to squamous cell carcinoma in about 10-15% cases [4,5].
{"title":"Clinical Presentations, Surgical Management and Outcome of Sinonasal Inverted Papilloma","authors":"Tariq Tatwani","doi":"10.33552/ojor.2020.02.000537","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33552/ojor.2020.02.000537","url":null,"abstract":"Sinonasal inverted papilloma (IP) also known as Schneiderian papilloma is one of the most intriguing pathology of nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses [1]. It is a benign epithelial neoplasm arising from the Schneiderian epithelium that lines the nose and paranasal sinuses [2]. Other names for this tumor include epithelial papilloma, Ringertz’s tumour, transitional cell papilloma, villiform cancer and Ewing’s papilloma [3]. It accounts for 70% of all sinonasal papillomas, remaining 30% are either exophyticpapillomas or columnar cell papillomas despite that it is not very common diseases (0.5-4% of all nasal and sinus tumours). However, IP attracts considerable interest because it is locally aggressive, has a high propensity to recur, and is significantly associated with malignant transformation-most frequently to squamous cell carcinoma in about 10-15% cases [4,5].","PeriodicalId":365490,"journal":{"name":"Online Journal of Otolaryngology and Rhinology","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129709925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-02DOI: 10.33552/ojor.2020.02.000535
A. Chalá
Neck metastasis from a differentiated thyroid cancer with no detectable primary in the thyroid gland is rare, with few cases reported in the literature. Due to this there is no clear consensus about its etiology, treatment or prognosis. A new case in 41-year-old women with a 3cm neck metastasis is presented, she had a cystic metastasis from a papillary thyroid carcinoma with no detectable primary despite a meticulous clinical and imaging inspection. Even after surgery the primary tumor couldn’t be found on the thyroid gland. She had surgery and Iodine therapy. During active surveillance a central neck compartment recurrence was detected requiring surgery. A complete revision of literature shows only 9 cases reported; the theories about its origin are not clear. It seems to have as good prognosis as its counterpart with primary found in the gland.
{"title":"Neck Metastasis from A Papillary Thyroid Cancer with no Detectable Primary Tumor in Thyroid-Case Report and Current State","authors":"A. Chalá","doi":"10.33552/ojor.2020.02.000535","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33552/ojor.2020.02.000535","url":null,"abstract":"Neck metastasis from a differentiated thyroid cancer with no detectable primary in the thyroid gland is rare, with few cases reported in the literature. Due to this there is no clear consensus about its etiology, treatment or prognosis. A new case in 41-year-old women with a 3cm neck metastasis is presented, she had a cystic metastasis from a papillary thyroid carcinoma with no detectable primary despite a meticulous clinical and imaging inspection. Even after surgery the primary tumor couldn’t be found on the thyroid gland. She had surgery and Iodine therapy. During active surveillance a central neck compartment recurrence was detected requiring surgery. A complete revision of literature shows only 9 cases reported; the theories about its origin are not clear. It seems to have as good prognosis as its counterpart with primary found in the gland.","PeriodicalId":365490,"journal":{"name":"Online Journal of Otolaryngology and Rhinology","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114770210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-13DOI: 10.33552/ojor.2020.02.000532
Ahmed Elbassiouny
This article reports a case of isolated left sphenoid sinusitis with the presentation of cavernous sinus thrombosis as a complication in a 60 years old diabetic female, we present the case history, significant physical findings, radiological investigations and discuss relevant anatomy, pathogenesis, diagnostic evaluation and treatment. Abstract Objective: To investigate the overall efficacy of a single-stage surgical procedure based on localizing the site of anatomic obstruction with simultaneous combined nasal-palatopharyngeal surgery for the treatment of OSA. Methods: A total of 35 consecutive OSA patients were enrolled in the study. All patients had OSA, were type I Fujita classification, stage 1 or 2 Friedman classification and had nasal septal deviation and inferior turbinate hypertrophy. Intraoperative drug-induced sleep endoscopy (DISE) was performed in all patients. Modified barbed palatopharyngoplasty with septoplasty and reduction of the size of inferior turbinate were used to correct the upper airway abnormalities. Baseline and 6 months postoperative overnight portable polysomnography was performed. Surgical results (Subjective symptoms improvement, reduction of OSA), patient satisfaction, complications were recorded. Surgical success was defined as a reduction of at least 50% in the preoperative apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) and a final AHI of less than 20 per hour. Results: The Surgical success was 89% (31/35) of patients, 26 males, and 9 females. Snoring was improved with a snoring scale reduced from 9.4±2.8 to 1.07±0.3 (p<0.0001). The nasal blockage was improved with the nasal Obstruction Visual Analog Scale from 8.6±1.3 to 0.57±0.2 (p<0.0001). The Epworth Sleepiness score (ESS) was decreased from 8.9±1.3 to 1.11±0.2(p< 0.0001). The pre-operative to post-operative AHI statistically improved from 38.4±23.3 to 12.3±21.1 (p <0.0001) and lowest O2 saturation from 73.9±12.6% to 87.8±9.4%(p<0.001). There were no significant complications. All patients were satisfied with the single-stage treatment. Conclusion: Our data indicate that Single-staged modified barbed soft palatal posterior pillar flap palatopharyngoplasty with nasal surgery is a safe, effective. It has the potential to serve as an effective alternative for the staged surgery without adding to the cost-effectiveness in terms of total hospitalization.
{"title":"Single-Stage Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy, Nasal Surgery and Modified Barbed Soft Palatal Posterior Pillar Flap Palatopharyngoplasty for Treatment of Obstructive Sleep Apnea","authors":"Ahmed Elbassiouny","doi":"10.33552/ojor.2020.02.000532","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33552/ojor.2020.02.000532","url":null,"abstract":"This article reports a case of isolated left sphenoid sinusitis with the presentation of cavernous sinus thrombosis as a complication in a 60 years old diabetic female, we present the case history, significant physical findings, radiological investigations and discuss relevant anatomy, pathogenesis, diagnostic evaluation and treatment. Abstract Objective: To investigate the overall efficacy of a single-stage surgical procedure based on localizing the site of anatomic obstruction with simultaneous combined nasal-palatopharyngeal surgery for the treatment of OSA. Methods: A total of 35 consecutive OSA patients were enrolled in the study. All patients had OSA, were type I Fujita classification, stage 1 or 2 Friedman classification and had nasal septal deviation and inferior turbinate hypertrophy. Intraoperative drug-induced sleep endoscopy (DISE) was performed in all patients. Modified barbed palatopharyngoplasty with septoplasty and reduction of the size of inferior turbinate were used to correct the upper airway abnormalities. Baseline and 6 months postoperative overnight portable polysomnography was performed. Surgical results (Subjective symptoms improvement, reduction of OSA), patient satisfaction, complications were recorded. Surgical success was defined as a reduction of at least 50% in the preoperative apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) and a final AHI of less than 20 per hour. Results: The Surgical success was 89% (31/35) of patients, 26 males, and 9 females. Snoring was improved with a snoring scale reduced from 9.4±2.8 to 1.07±0.3 (p<0.0001). The nasal blockage was improved with the nasal Obstruction Visual Analog Scale from 8.6±1.3 to 0.57±0.2 (p<0.0001). The Epworth Sleepiness score (ESS) was decreased from 8.9±1.3 to 1.11±0.2(p< 0.0001). The pre-operative to post-operative AHI statistically improved from 38.4±23.3 to 12.3±21.1 (p <0.0001) and lowest O2 saturation from 73.9±12.6% to 87.8±9.4%(p<0.001). There were no significant complications. All patients were satisfied with the single-stage treatment. Conclusion: Our data indicate that Single-staged modified barbed soft palatal posterior pillar flap palatopharyngoplasty with nasal surgery is a safe, effective. It has the potential to serve as an effective alternative for the staged surgery without adding to the cost-effectiveness in terms of total hospitalization.","PeriodicalId":365490,"journal":{"name":"Online Journal of Otolaryngology and Rhinology","volume":"131 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129828794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-28DOI: 10.33552/ojor.2020.02.000530
Ali Momen
{"title":"Sphenoid Sinusitis Presenting as Cavernous Sinus Thrombosis in a Diabetic Patient","authors":"Ali Momen","doi":"10.33552/ojor.2020.02.000530","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33552/ojor.2020.02.000530","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":365490,"journal":{"name":"Online Journal of Otolaryngology and Rhinology","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121378194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Almomen, M. A. Eid, Abdullah Alshakhs, M. Saeed, Njood Alaboud, F. Habeeb
Isolated sphenoid sinusitis is a very rare and potentially lifethreatening occurrence. Because of its rarity, its true incidence is difficult to establish, but it lies within the range of 2.7% to 8% based on larger series [1-3]. The incidence of isolated fungal disease is even lower. sphenoid sinusitis represents a challenge diagnostically as it does not present in a similar way to inflammation of the other paranasal sinuses, presenting symptoms being generally nonspecific [4].
{"title":"Sphenoid Sinusitis Presenting as Cavernous Sinus Thrombosis in a Diabetic Patient","authors":"A. Almomen, M. A. Eid, Abdullah Alshakhs, M. Saeed, Njood Alaboud, F. Habeeb","doi":"10.33552/ojor.2.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33552/ojor.2.1","url":null,"abstract":"Isolated sphenoid sinusitis is a very rare and potentially lifethreatening occurrence. Because of its rarity, its true incidence is difficult to establish, but it lies within the range of 2.7% to 8% based on larger series [1-3]. The incidence of isolated fungal disease is even lower. sphenoid sinusitis represents a challenge diagnostically as it does not present in a similar way to inflammation of the other paranasal sinuses, presenting symptoms being generally nonspecific [4].","PeriodicalId":365490,"journal":{"name":"Online Journal of Otolaryngology and Rhinology","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134267938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-21DOI: 10.33552/ojor.2020.02.000529
Ali Momen
Fungal infection is a well-known and a common cause of sinusitis. Fungal sinusitis is classified into two main categories based on histopathological invasion as: invasive and non-invasive, the invasive form includes acute, chronic, and chronic granulomatous, while the non-invasive include: fungal ball, saprophytic fungal infestation, eosinophilic fungal sinusitis and allergic fungal sinusitis. Usually, Invasive fungal sinusitis is encountered in immunocompromised patients. However, there are many reports which have described these cases with immunocompetent individuals. The purpose of this review article is to summarize our long experience with pediatric patients diagnosed with invasive fungal sinusitis managed at a tertiary referral hospital at King Fahad Specialist Hospital Dammam, KSA and discuss the management and determine the variables that impact the outcome.
{"title":"Invasive Fungal Rhinosinusitis in Pediatric Populations; a Tertiary Hospital Experience","authors":"Ali Momen","doi":"10.33552/ojor.2020.02.000529","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33552/ojor.2020.02.000529","url":null,"abstract":"Fungal infection is a well-known and a common cause of sinusitis. Fungal sinusitis is classified into two main categories based on histopathological invasion as: invasive and non-invasive, the invasive form includes acute, chronic, and chronic granulomatous, while the non-invasive include: fungal ball, saprophytic fungal infestation, eosinophilic fungal sinusitis and allergic fungal sinusitis. Usually, Invasive fungal sinusitis is encountered in immunocompromised patients. However, there are many reports which have described these cases with immunocompetent individuals. The purpose of this review article is to summarize our long experience with pediatric patients diagnosed with invasive fungal sinusitis managed at a tertiary referral hospital at King Fahad Specialist Hospital Dammam, KSA and discuss the management and determine the variables that impact the outcome.","PeriodicalId":365490,"journal":{"name":"Online Journal of Otolaryngology and Rhinology","volume":"102 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134448668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-11-20DOI: 10.33552/OJOR.2019.01.000527
J. Burd
This study was performed at Micro Quality Labs, Inc in Burbank California. The organisms were prepared by inoculating the surface of 5% Sheep blood agar plates, incubated at 30 to 35°C for 18 to 24 hours. Following the incubation period, the plates are washed with sterile Serological Saline Solution to harvest the microorganisms used and dilutions with Saline were made, plated on blood agar and incubated at 30 to 35°C for 24-48 hours to determine the concentration. The inoculum level was then adjusted to 108 cfu/ ml for use as a stock suspension. Stock suspensions were well mixed and homogenized at each inoculation interval. The following microorganisms were used in this Kill Time Study to demonstrate the antimicrobial properties of the Wonder Spray against common pathogenic organisms: Microbiologies Kwik-Stik Streptococcus pyogenes ATCC 49399, Streptococcus pneumoniae ATCC 49619.
{"title":"Wonder Spray (HOCL) Kills the Bacteria that Cause Strep Throat and Pneumonia","authors":"J. Burd","doi":"10.33552/OJOR.2019.01.000527","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33552/OJOR.2019.01.000527","url":null,"abstract":"This study was performed at Micro Quality Labs, Inc in Burbank California. The organisms were prepared by inoculating the surface of 5% Sheep blood agar plates, incubated at 30 to 35°C for 18 to 24 hours. Following the incubation period, the plates are washed with sterile Serological Saline Solution to harvest the microorganisms used and dilutions with Saline were made, plated on blood agar and incubated at 30 to 35°C for 24-48 hours to determine the concentration. The inoculum level was then adjusted to 108 cfu/ ml for use as a stock suspension. Stock suspensions were well mixed and homogenized at each inoculation interval. The following microorganisms were used in this Kill Time Study to demonstrate the antimicrobial properties of the Wonder Spray against common pathogenic organisms: Microbiologies Kwik-Stik Streptococcus pyogenes ATCC 49399, Streptococcus pneumoniae ATCC 49619.","PeriodicalId":365490,"journal":{"name":"Online Journal of Otolaryngology and Rhinology","volume":"241 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115600663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-11-19DOI: 10.33552/ojor.2019.01.000526
E. Năstase
C-reactive protein (CRP) was introduced into medical practice in the 1990s as a rapid orientation test [1]. Some factors that may influence CRP levels are age, sex, weight, cholesterol level, blood pressure, smoking status [1]. The native CRP is composed of 5 identical subunits bound by non-covalent bonds, placed around a central pore, in the characteristic form of “lectin fold”, as a betafolded sheet [2]. It irreversibly dissociates in inflammation into 5 monomers, the monomeric CRP. The native CRP activates the classical complement pathway and it induces apoptosis and phagocytosis. The monomeric CRP plays an important role in chemotaxis and in directing leukocytes to the inflammatory area, delaying apoptosis. The human CRP gene can be found at 1q23.2 on the long arm of chromosome 1, and, to date, there have been no allelic variations or genetic deficiencies discovered for this gene although some polymorphisms have been identified [1]. CRP synthesis starts in response to pro-inflammatory cytokines, particularly IL6, IL1 and TNF alpha [3].
{"title":"The C-Reactive Protein Response in Βeta-Hemolytic Streptococcal Infections","authors":"E. Năstase","doi":"10.33552/ojor.2019.01.000526","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33552/ojor.2019.01.000526","url":null,"abstract":"C-reactive protein (CRP) was introduced into medical practice in the 1990s as a rapid orientation test [1]. Some factors that may influence CRP levels are age, sex, weight, cholesterol level, blood pressure, smoking status [1]. The native CRP is composed of 5 identical subunits bound by non-covalent bonds, placed around a central pore, in the characteristic form of “lectin fold”, as a betafolded sheet [2]. It irreversibly dissociates in inflammation into 5 monomers, the monomeric CRP. The native CRP activates the classical complement pathway and it induces apoptosis and phagocytosis. The monomeric CRP plays an important role in chemotaxis and in directing leukocytes to the inflammatory area, delaying apoptosis. The human CRP gene can be found at 1q23.2 on the long arm of chromosome 1, and, to date, there have been no allelic variations or genetic deficiencies discovered for this gene although some polymorphisms have been identified [1]. CRP synthesis starts in response to pro-inflammatory cytokines, particularly IL6, IL1 and TNF alpha [3].","PeriodicalId":365490,"journal":{"name":"Online Journal of Otolaryngology and Rhinology","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128968423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：