Pub Date : 2021-01-10DOI: 10.15578/IAJ.15.2.2020.59-65
V. O. Eyo, F. Eze, O. J. Eriegha
This study was conducted to evaluate the reproductive performance of hatchery-bred and wild-caught broodstock of Clarias gariepinus. Thirty pairs of each hatchery-bred and wild-caught broodstock (15 females and 15 males) was used for the study. Induced breeding was carried out in four groups with three replications at a ratio of 1:1 by hypophysation method. Group A: hatchery-bred male and hatchery-bred female (HBM m + HBF f); B: wild-caught male and wild-caught female (WCM m + WCF f), C: hatchery-bred female and wild-caught male (HBF f+ WCM m) and D: wild-caught female and hatchery-bred male C. gariepinus (WCF f + HBM m). Results showed that egg diameter, sperm motility, sperm density, and male GSI were not significantly different (P>0.05) whereas ovary weight, sperm volume, fecundity, female GSI, and percentage fertilization were significantly higher (P<0.05) in hatchery-bred broodstock than wild-caught broodstock. Hatchability was significantly higher (P<0.05) in Group C and D than A and B. In conclusion, a better reproductive performance in C. gariepinus with an economic advantage could be recorded through the combination of wild-caught and hatchery-bred broodstock.
{"title":"REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE OF HATCHERY-BRED, WILD-CAUGHT BROODSTOCK, AND THEIR OUTBREED OF THE AFRICAN CATFISH Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822)","authors":"V. O. Eyo, F. Eze, O. J. Eriegha","doi":"10.15578/IAJ.15.2.2020.59-65","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15578/IAJ.15.2.2020.59-65","url":null,"abstract":"This study was conducted to evaluate the reproductive performance of hatchery-bred and wild-caught broodstock of Clarias gariepinus. Thirty pairs of each hatchery-bred and wild-caught broodstock (15 females and 15 males) was used for the study. Induced breeding was carried out in four groups with three replications at a ratio of 1:1 by hypophysation method. Group A: hatchery-bred male and hatchery-bred female (HBM m + HBF f); B: wild-caught male and wild-caught female (WCM m + WCF f), C: hatchery-bred female and wild-caught male (HBF f+ WCM m) and D: wild-caught female and hatchery-bred male C. gariepinus (WCF f + HBM m). Results showed that egg diameter, sperm motility, sperm density, and male GSI were not significantly different (P>0.05) whereas ovary weight, sperm volume, fecundity, female GSI, and percentage fertilization were significantly higher (P<0.05) in hatchery-bred broodstock than wild-caught broodstock. Hatchability was significantly higher (P<0.05) in Group C and D than A and B. In conclusion, a better reproductive performance in C. gariepinus with an economic advantage could be recorded through the combination of wild-caught and hatchery-bred broodstock.","PeriodicalId":36566,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Aquaculture Journal","volume":"15 1","pages":"59-65"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47846603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-10DOI: 10.15578/iaj.15.2.2020.67-75
N. Meilisza, M. Suprayudi, D. Jusadi, Muhammad Zairin Jr., I. Artika
Several studies have recommended the supplementation of astaxanthin in the Kurumoi rainbowfish diet to enhance its color and growth. However, knowledge regarding the effects of naturally-sourced and synthetically-made carotenoids in fish diets is currently limited. This study’s objective was to compare the growth and color performances of Melanotaenia parva by supplementing fish feed with synthetic astaxanthin and natural carotenoids sourced from Chlorella and Spirulina. A total of 12 fish (weight of 1.27 ± 0.02 g and total length of 4.70 ± 0.07 cm) were stocked at a density of one fish per liter. Basal feed (B) was used as the control feed. The experimental feeds were: B added with different doses of synthetic astaxanthin (Carophyll® Pink 10% water-soluble) from low to higher doses as follows: 0.6 g kg-1 (AS-L), 2.6 g kg-1 (AS-O), and 5.1 g kg-1 (AS-H); and B added with natural carotenoids of Chlorella sp. (Ch) and Spirulina sp. (Sp) of 8.6 g kg-1 and 5.5 g kg-1, respectively. The experimental diets were given at satiation for 56 days at 8 am and 3 pm. The study results showed that the addition of synthetic astaxanthin at a dose of 2.6 g kg-1 could increase the fish growth up to 12% with carotenoid deposition in the fish fin of three times higher than that of the treatments without synthetic astaxanthin. This dose was considered the optimal dose to increase the fish’s growth performance and pigmentation compared with the high dose of 5.1 g kg-1. Despite having the same nutrient composition, natural carotenoids in Chlorella and Spirulina did not produce better results compared to the low dose of synthetic astaxanthin of 0.6 g kg-1.
一些研究建议在Kurumoi彩虹鱼的饮食中补充虾青素，以增强其颜色和生长。然而，关于天然来源和合成类胡萝卜素在鱼类饲料中的作用的知识目前是有限的。本研究的目的是比较在小球藻和螺旋藻中添加合成虾青素和天然类胡萝卜素对小黑带鱼的生长和显色性能的影响。以每升1尾鱼的密度放养12尾鱼(体重1.27±0.02 g，身长4.70±0.07 cm)。以基础饲料(B)作为对照饲料。试验饲料为:B，从低到高添加不同剂量的合成虾青素(carophyl®Pink 10%水溶性)，分别为0.6 g kg-1 (as - l)、2.6 g kg-1 (as - o)、5.1 g kg-1 (as - h);B添加天然类胡萝卜素的小球藻(Ch)和螺旋藻(sp)分别为8.6 g kg-1和5.5 g kg-1。试验饲粮分别于上午8点和下午3点饲喂，连续饲喂56 d。研究结果表明，添加2.6 g kg-1合成虾青素可使鱼的生长提高12%，鱼鳍中类胡萝卜素的沉积量是不添加合成虾青素处理的3倍。与高剂量5.1 g kg-1相比，该剂量被认为是提高鱼的生长性能和色素沉着的最佳剂量。尽管营养成分相同，但小球藻和螺旋藻中的天然类胡萝卜素并不比低剂量的0.6 g kg-1合成虾青素产生更好的效果。
{"title":"EFFECTS OF SYNTHETIC ASTAXANTHIN, CHLORELLA, AND SPIRULINA SUPPLEMENTATION IN DIETS ON GROWTH AND PIGMENTATION OF KURUMOI RAINBOWFISH, Melanotaenia parva","authors":"N. Meilisza, M. Suprayudi, D. Jusadi, Muhammad Zairin Jr., I. Artika","doi":"10.15578/iaj.15.2.2020.67-75","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15578/iaj.15.2.2020.67-75","url":null,"abstract":"Several studies have recommended the supplementation of astaxanthin in the Kurumoi rainbowfish diet to enhance its color and growth. However, knowledge regarding the effects of naturally-sourced and synthetically-made carotenoids in fish diets is currently limited. This study’s objective was to compare the growth and color performances of Melanotaenia parva by supplementing fish feed with synthetic astaxanthin and natural carotenoids sourced from Chlorella and Spirulina. A total of 12 fish (weight of 1.27 ± 0.02 g and total length of 4.70 ± 0.07 cm) were stocked at a density of one fish per liter. Basal feed (B) was used as the control feed. The experimental feeds were: B added with different doses of synthetic astaxanthin (Carophyll® Pink 10% water-soluble) from low to higher doses as follows: 0.6 g kg-1 (AS-L), 2.6 g kg-1 (AS-O), and 5.1 g kg-1 (AS-H); and B added with natural carotenoids of Chlorella sp. (Ch) and Spirulina sp. (Sp) of 8.6 g kg-1 and 5.5 g kg-1, respectively. The experimental diets were given at satiation for 56 days at 8 am and 3 pm. The study results showed that the addition of synthetic astaxanthin at a dose of 2.6 g kg-1 could increase the fish growth up to 12% with carotenoid deposition in the fish fin of three times higher than that of the treatments without synthetic astaxanthin. This dose was considered the optimal dose to increase the fish’s growth performance and pigmentation compared with the high dose of 5.1 g kg-1. Despite having the same nutrient composition, natural carotenoids in Chlorella and Spirulina did not produce better results compared to the low dose of synthetic astaxanthin of 0.6 g kg-1.","PeriodicalId":36566,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Aquaculture Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42534087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-10DOI: 10.15578/IAJ.15.2.2020.77-83
R. Rosmiati, Ike Trismawanti, S. Lante
The development of cryopreservation technique on tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon broodstock spermatophore has been carried out to support the artificial insemination. This study aims to determine the effect of three cyoprotectants (methanol, dimetylsulphoxide (DMSO), and glycerol) for long term storage of tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon spermatozoa. Spermatophores were collected from the wild broodstocks through electrical shock. Spermatozoa were obtained by homogenizing the spermatophores using a Radnoti micro homogenizer in Ca-free saline solution containing one of three cryoprotectans (methanol, dimetylsulphoxide, and glycerol) separately at the concentration of 5%. One mL of each cryoprotectant containing spermatozoa with the density of 1.02 x 106 cell/mL was transferred into a cryovial and cryopreserved at room temperature, -20°C and -196°C for 5, 10, and 30 days. The apparent sperm viability (ASV) of cryopreserved spermatozoa was monitored after treated. Thawing of cryopreserved spermatozoa was carried out in a 30°C water bath for two minutes. The result showed that the best apparent sperm viability was obtained at the using of glycerol at -196°C in liquid nitrogen, even after the thirty days of cryopreservation time period with the ASV of 0.82 x 106 cells/mL (80.39%). Meanwhile two other cryoprotectans displayed the ASV of 0.54 x 106 cells/mL (56.86%), and 0.23 x 106 cells/mL (22.55%). for DMSO and methanol, respectively. In turn, the control showed the lowest ASV with the ASV of 0.01 x 106 cells/mL (1.27%). The ASV showed by this glycerol exhibited asignificant difference (P<0.05) to that of methanol, DMSO, and control.
为支持人工授精，开发了斑节对虾亲核精囊冷冻保存技术。本研究旨在确定三种三聚保护物（甲醇、二甲基亚砜（DMSO）和甘油）对斑节对虾精子长期储存的影响。通过电击从野生种中采集精子载体。精子是通过使用Radnoti微型匀浆器在无钙盐水溶液中匀浆精细胞获得的，该溶液分别含有浓度为5%的三种冷冻保护剂（甲醇、二甲基亚砜和甘油）之一。将每种含有密度为1.02 x 106细胞/mL精子的冷冻保护剂1mL转移到冷冻瓶中，并在室温、-20°C和-196°C下冷冻保存5、10和30天。冷冻保存精子经处理后，观察其表观精子活力（ASV）。冷冻保存的精子在30°C水浴中解冻两分钟。结果表明，在-196°C的液氮中使用甘油，即使在ASV为0.82×106个细胞/mL（80.39%）的冷冻保存30天后，也能获得最佳的精子表观活力。同时，另外两种冷冻保护剂对二甲基亚砜和甲醇的ASV分别为0.54×106个单元/mL（56.86%）和0.23×106个单元格/mL（22.55%）。对照组的ASV最低，其ASV为0.01x106个细胞/mL（1.27%）。该甘油显示的ASV与甲醇、DMSO和对照组相比有显著差异（P<0.05）。
{"title":"EFFECT OF VARIOUS CRYOPROTECTANTS ON PRESERVATION OF BLACK TIGER Penaeus monodon SHRIMP SPERMATOZOA","authors":"R. Rosmiati, Ike Trismawanti, S. Lante","doi":"10.15578/IAJ.15.2.2020.77-83","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15578/IAJ.15.2.2020.77-83","url":null,"abstract":"The development of cryopreservation technique on tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon broodstock spermatophore has been carried out to support the artificial insemination. This study aims to determine the effect of three cyoprotectants (methanol, dimetylsulphoxide (DMSO), and glycerol) for long term storage of tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon spermatozoa. Spermatophores were collected from the wild broodstocks through electrical shock. Spermatozoa were obtained by homogenizing the spermatophores using a Radnoti micro homogenizer in Ca-free saline solution containing one of three cryoprotectans (methanol, dimetylsulphoxide, and glycerol) separately at the concentration of 5%. One mL of each cryoprotectant containing spermatozoa with the density of 1.02 x 106 cell/mL was transferred into a cryovial and cryopreserved at room temperature, -20°C and -196°C for 5, 10, and 30 days. The apparent sperm viability (ASV) of cryopreserved spermatozoa was monitored after treated. Thawing of cryopreserved spermatozoa was carried out in a 30°C water bath for two minutes. The result showed that the best apparent sperm viability was obtained at the using of glycerol at -196°C in liquid nitrogen, even after the thirty days of cryopreservation time period with the ASV of 0.82 x 106 cells/mL (80.39%). Meanwhile two other cryoprotectans displayed the ASV of 0.54 x 106 cells/mL (56.86%), and 0.23 x 106 cells/mL (22.55%). for DMSO and methanol, respectively. In turn, the control showed the lowest ASV with the ASV of 0.01 x 106 cells/mL (1.27%). The ASV showed by this glycerol exhibited asignificant difference (P<0.05) to that of methanol, DMSO, and control.","PeriodicalId":36566,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Aquaculture Journal","volume":"15 1","pages":"77-83"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47281582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-10DOI: 10.15578/iaj.15.2.2020.93-102
A. Lusiastuti, H. Novita, L. Gardenia, T. Taukhid, Habil Sven M. Bergmann
Co-infections occur when hosts are infected by two or more pathogens, either simultaneous or as a secondary infection. This research aimed to determine the best compositions of vaccine combinations and their protective efficacies against pathogens co-infection. This research was conducted in two stages. Firstly, surveys were conducted in three research areas: infected, high risk of infection, and virus free areas. Samples (three to five fish per pool) were collected from three fish farms per area. The basic antibody titer of fish from each farm was checked before and after vaccination as well as after the virus challenge in combination with the PCR result. The second stage of the research was conducted in the laboratory. Carp and koi fish were used to determine optimal vaccine combination and dosage for oral application. The results of this research showed that combination of KHV: Aeromonas hydrophila vaccines in the ratio of 1:2 and vaccine volume of 3 mL via the oral application gave higher titer antibody and efficacy against KHV and A. hydrophila. In conclusion, the combined vaccine offers an effective means of preventing the diseases, decreasing fish mortality, and simplifying the immunization schedule, which will eventually increase the overall health of farmed fish and benefit fish farmers and service extension officers. This research recommends that further development of the combined vaccines should be carried out, for example, overcoming the technical difficulties in its manufacturing.
{"title":"COMBINATION VACCINES AGAINST KOIHERPES VIRUS AND Aeromonas hydrophila CO-INFECTION IN KOI AND COMMON CARP","authors":"A. Lusiastuti, H. Novita, L. Gardenia, T. Taukhid, Habil Sven M. Bergmann","doi":"10.15578/iaj.15.2.2020.93-102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15578/iaj.15.2.2020.93-102","url":null,"abstract":"Co-infections occur when hosts are infected by two or more pathogens, either simultaneous or as a secondary infection. This research aimed to determine the best compositions of vaccine combinations and their protective efficacies against pathogens co-infection. This research was conducted in two stages. Firstly, surveys were conducted in three research areas: infected, high risk of infection, and virus free areas. Samples (three to five fish per pool) were collected from three fish farms per area. The basic antibody titer of fish from each farm was checked before and after vaccination as well as after the virus challenge in combination with the PCR result. The second stage of the research was conducted in the laboratory. Carp and koi fish were used to determine optimal vaccine combination and dosage for oral application. The results of this research showed that combination of KHV: Aeromonas hydrophila vaccines in the ratio of 1:2 and vaccine volume of 3 mL via the oral application gave higher titer antibody and efficacy against KHV and A. hydrophila. In conclusion, the combined vaccine offers an effective means of preventing the diseases, decreasing fish mortality, and simplifying the immunization schedule, which will eventually increase the overall health of farmed fish and benefit fish farmers and service extension officers. This research recommends that further development of the combined vaccines should be carried out, for example, overcoming the technical difficulties in its manufacturing.","PeriodicalId":36566,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Aquaculture Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43442531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-29DOI: 10.15578/iaj.15.1.2020.43-49
S. Ismi, D. S. Budi
High production costs in grouper nursery can be caused by the use of large fingerlings size and long rearing times. The purposes of this study were to evaluate the culture performance and economic profitability of “cantang” hybrid grouper juveniles reared at different initial stocking sizes and nursery periods. This research lasted from September to December 2017 in one of small scale hatcheries in Buleleng, Bali, Indonesia. This study consisted of two experimental treatments; the first treatment was different initial stocking sizes (body weight and total length) of 0.50 ± 0.07 g and 3.0 ± 2.1 cm; 3.50 ± 0.67 g and 5.0 ± 1.9 cm; and 6.10 ± 0.91 g and 7.0 ± 2.3 cm. The second treatment was different nursery periods with the following arrangement: 15, 30, and 45 days (initial body weight and length of 0.54 ± 0.067 g and 3.0 ± 0.09 cm, respectively). The stocking density in all treatments was 1,000 fish reared in a 2 m x 2 m x 1 m concrete tank. The observed culture performance parameters consisted of survival rate (SR, %), daily growth rate (DGR, g/day), and feed conversion ratio (FCR). The calculated economic profitability parameters were net profit, return-on-investment (ROI, %), and return cost ratio (R/C). The highest culture performance was achieved by the juveniles reared using the largest initial stocking size and longest nursery period. This was in contrast with the economic profitability, in which smaller initial stocking size and middle nursery period had resulted in the highest profit. Based on the culture performance and profitability considerations, the suggested combination of initial stocking size and nursery period for cantang fingerlings is 3.0 ± 2.1 cm initial stocking size and 30 days rearing times.
{"title":"CULTURE PERFORMANCE AND ECONOMIC PROFITABILITY OF CANTANG HYBRID GROUPER (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus f x Epinephelus lanceolatus m) FINGERLINGS REARED AT DIFFERENT INITIAL STOCKING SIZES AND NURSERY PERIODS","authors":"S. Ismi, D. S. Budi","doi":"10.15578/iaj.15.1.2020.43-49","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15578/iaj.15.1.2020.43-49","url":null,"abstract":"High production costs in grouper nursery can be caused by the use of large fingerlings size and long rearing times. The purposes of this study were to evaluate the culture performance and economic profitability of “cantang” hybrid grouper juveniles reared at different initial stocking sizes and nursery periods. This research lasted from September to December 2017 in one of small scale hatcheries in Buleleng, Bali, Indonesia. This study consisted of two experimental treatments; the first treatment was different initial stocking sizes (body weight and total length) of 0.50 ± 0.07 g and 3.0 ± 2.1 cm; 3.50 ± 0.67 g and 5.0 ± 1.9 cm; and 6.10 ± 0.91 g and 7.0 ± 2.3 cm. The second treatment was different nursery periods with the following arrangement: 15, 30, and 45 days (initial body weight and length of 0.54 ± 0.067 g and 3.0 ± 0.09 cm, respectively). The stocking density in all treatments was 1,000 fish reared in a 2 m x 2 m x 1 m concrete tank. The observed culture performance parameters consisted of survival rate (SR, %), daily growth rate (DGR, g/day), and feed conversion ratio (FCR). The calculated economic profitability parameters were net profit, return-on-investment (ROI, %), and return cost ratio (R/C). The highest culture performance was achieved by the juveniles reared using the largest initial stocking size and longest nursery period. This was in contrast with the economic profitability, in which smaller initial stocking size and middle nursery period had resulted in the highest profit. Based on the culture performance and profitability considerations, the suggested combination of initial stocking size and nursery period for cantang fingerlings is 3.0 ± 2.1 cm initial stocking size and 30 days rearing times.","PeriodicalId":36566,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Aquaculture Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45557885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-29DOI: 10.15578/IAJ.15.1.2020.33-41
Sri Rahayu Setyaningsih, R. Fotedar, R. Melville‐Smith, Ishaaq Saputra, N. Fernández, S. Adhikari
The effects of live transportation on the immune modulation of wild and ocean-ranched greenlip abalone (Haliotis laevigata) were evaluated. Samples of abalone were collected both in autumn and winter in Flinders Bay, Augusta, Western Australia, and land transported for 6 (six) hours. Several immunological parameters were assessed, including survival rate, total haemocyte count, osmoregulatory capacity, phagocytic rate, lactate level, and glucose level. The results indicated that the abalone samples collected in the two seasons showed different physiological responses; the winter samples were more responsive to transportation than the autumn samples. Transportation stress significantly increased total haemocyte count and osmoregulatory capacity of the winter samples, suggesting an immune stimulation. This stress also triggered an immune suppression, causing the phagocytic rate and lysosomal stability to significantly decrease after transportation. Lactate levels in the winter samples decreased significantly after transportation, possibly indicating the transition from a stressed to normal state, during the period of recovery. The constant level of glucose before and after transportation in both seasons showed that it was the least sensitive indicator used in this study. In general, there was no difference in the immune modulation parameters between wild and ranched abalone in either of the seasons sampled. However, in the autumn samples, there were significant differences (P<0.05) in haemocyte count and osmoregulatory capacity of the wild and ranched samples collected from all sites. These differences did not form a consistent indicator trend between the sites from the two sample sources. Therefore, the results do not raise any immediate concern that ranched abalone were differently stressed to those from the wild. The results in present study could serve as useful data in developing the live transportation method of greenlip abalone.
{"title":"THE EFFECTS OF TRANSPORTATION ON IMMUNE MODULATION OF WILD AND OCEAN-RANCHED GREENLIP ABALONE (Haliotis laevigata)","authors":"Sri Rahayu Setyaningsih, R. Fotedar, R. Melville‐Smith, Ishaaq Saputra, N. Fernández, S. Adhikari","doi":"10.15578/IAJ.15.1.2020.33-41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15578/IAJ.15.1.2020.33-41","url":null,"abstract":"The effects of live transportation on the immune modulation of wild and ocean-ranched greenlip abalone (Haliotis laevigata) were evaluated. Samples of abalone were collected both in autumn and winter in Flinders Bay, Augusta, Western Australia, and land transported for 6 (six) hours. Several immunological parameters were assessed, including survival rate, total haemocyte count, osmoregulatory capacity, phagocytic rate, lactate level, and glucose level. The results indicated that the abalone samples collected in the two seasons showed different physiological responses; the winter samples were more responsive to transportation than the autumn samples. Transportation stress significantly increased total haemocyte count and osmoregulatory capacity of the winter samples, suggesting an immune stimulation. This stress also triggered an immune suppression, causing the phagocytic rate and lysosomal stability to significantly decrease after transportation. Lactate levels in the winter samples decreased significantly after transportation, possibly indicating the transition from a stressed to normal state, during the period of recovery. The constant level of glucose before and after transportation in both seasons showed that it was the least sensitive indicator used in this study. In general, there was no difference in the immune modulation parameters between wild and ranched abalone in either of the seasons sampled. However, in the autumn samples, there were significant differences (P<0.05) in haemocyte count and osmoregulatory capacity of the wild and ranched samples collected from all sites. These differences did not form a consistent indicator trend between the sites from the two sample sources. Therefore, the results do not raise any immediate concern that ranched abalone were differently stressed to those from the wild. The results in present study could serve as useful data in developing the live transportation method of greenlip abalone.","PeriodicalId":36566,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Aquaculture Journal","volume":"15 1","pages":"33-41"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47935534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-13DOI: 10.15578/iaj.14.2.2019.63-68
Y. Salosso
This study aims to know the potential of forest honey Apis spp. from Timor Island as antibacterial on pathogenic bacteria Aeromonas hydropilla and V ibrio alginolyticus in cultured fish, through testing of active compound, total glucose, pH and water content of the honey, that play the role in antibacterial mechanisms in honey . Chemical content of the honey was examined for alkaloid using Culvenor-Fiztgerald method , saponin with foam test , terpenoid and steroid with Lieberman-Burchard method, tannin with addition of FeCl 3 , and flavanoid addition of HCl an d Mg powder. T otal glucose was measured using spectrophotometer, water content with gravimetry, and pH with pH-meter. The antibacterial activity test of the honey was done using disc method without dilution . Results showed that all forest honey from Timor Island contained alkaloid, saponin, steroid and terpenoid, except that Kefa honey did not hold steroid and terpenoid. Water content of the honey ranged from 15.70% to 26.65%, total glucose of 71.16% to 80.58%, and pH of 3.84 to 4.06. The forest honey had also antibacterial activity against A. hydropilla and V. alginoliticus with different inhibition zone.
{"title":"THE POTENTIAL OF FOREST HONEY (Apis spp) FROM TIMOR ISLAND AS ANTIBACTERIAL AGAINST PATHOGENIC BACTERIA IN FISH CULTURE","authors":"Y. Salosso","doi":"10.15578/iaj.14.2.2019.63-68","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15578/iaj.14.2.2019.63-68","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to know the potential of forest honey Apis spp. from Timor Island as antibacterial on pathogenic bacteria Aeromonas hydropilla and V ibrio alginolyticus in cultured fish, through testing of active compound, total glucose, pH and water content of the honey, that play the role in antibacterial mechanisms in honey . Chemical content of the honey was examined for alkaloid using Culvenor-Fiztgerald method , saponin with foam test , terpenoid and steroid with Lieberman-Burchard method, tannin with addition of FeCl 3 , and flavanoid addition of HCl an d Mg powder. T otal glucose was measured using spectrophotometer, water content with gravimetry, and pH with pH-meter. The antibacterial activity test of the honey was done using disc method without dilution . Results showed that all forest honey from Timor Island contained alkaloid, saponin, steroid and terpenoid, except that Kefa honey did not hold steroid and terpenoid. Water content of the honey ranged from 15.70% to 26.65%, total glucose of 71.16% to 80.58%, and pH of 3.84 to 4.06. The forest honey had also antibacterial activity against A. hydropilla and V. alginoliticus with different inhibition zone.","PeriodicalId":36566,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Aquaculture Journal","volume":"14 1","pages":"63-68"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46987677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-13DOI: 10.15578/IAJ.14.2.2019.55-62
A. Nasukha, R. Septory, Gigih Setia Wibawa, K. Runte
Mariculture industry has been developed progressively in Indonesia, where its impact on the surrounding aquatic environment is inevitable. The particulate wastes produced such as excess food and feces will be discharged from a marine farm and dispersed into the surrounding areas. This process could lead to organic enrichment of the receiving seabed sediment and gradually degrade water quality and disturb local benthic community as well as the aquatic ecosystem of the area. This study focused on determining the level of organic enrichment of sediment underneath four currently-active farms in Pegametan Bay, North Bali, Indonesia. The results showed that high accumulation of organic matters was evident in all sampling farms indicated by a significantly high particulate organic matter (POM) between 75.20 ± 2.57 and 92.97 ± 0.59%, and low redox values between -217.41 ± 2.74 and -343.57 ± 1.48 mV. A visual-based assessment also determined that the sediment had a silt and muddy texture with deep grey to black colorization with noticeable strong H2S odor. In this case, further investigations and monitoring efforts are needed in the near future to ensure the best management programs for sustainable farming and ecosystem both fish farmers and environmental regulators such as local government.
{"title":"ORGANIC ENRICHMENT OF SEDIMENTS: A CASE STUDY AT MARICULTURE SITE, PEGAMETAN BAY BALI, INDONESIA","authors":"A. Nasukha, R. Septory, Gigih Setia Wibawa, K. Runte","doi":"10.15578/IAJ.14.2.2019.55-62","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15578/IAJ.14.2.2019.55-62","url":null,"abstract":"Mariculture industry has been developed progressively in Indonesia, where its impact on the surrounding aquatic environment is inevitable. The particulate wastes produced such as excess food and feces will be discharged from a marine farm and dispersed into the surrounding areas. This process could lead to organic enrichment of the receiving seabed sediment and gradually degrade water quality and disturb local benthic community as well as the aquatic ecosystem of the area. This study focused on determining the level of organic enrichment of sediment underneath four currently-active farms in Pegametan Bay, North Bali, Indonesia. The results showed that high accumulation of organic matters was evident in all sampling farms indicated by a significantly high particulate organic matter (POM) between 75.20 ± 2.57 and 92.97 ± 0.59%, and low redox values between -217.41 ± 2.74 and -343.57 ± 1.48 mV. A visual-based assessment also determined that the sediment had a silt and muddy texture with deep grey to black colorization with noticeable strong H2S odor. In this case, further investigations and monitoring efforts are needed in the near future to ensure the best management programs for sustainable farming and ecosystem both fish farmers and environmental regulators such as local government.","PeriodicalId":36566,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Aquaculture Journal","volume":"14 1","pages":"55-62"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48895504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-13DOI: 10.15578/iaj.14.2.2019.83-89
A. Widiyati, A. Saputra, E. Setiadi
Climbing perch is one of economically-valued local fish in Indonesia, particularly in Borneo, Sumatra, and Java Islands. The fish has the potential to be developed as freshwater aquaculture species. The purpose of this experiment was to evaluate the production performance and blood profile of climbing perch cultured in peat pond with different stocking densities. The research was conducted in Kereng Bangkiray Village, Sebangau District, Palangkaraya City, Central of Borneo. Nine fish ponds sized 5.0 m x 5.0 m x 1.5 m were used. Nets with a mesh size of 1 cm measuring 2.0 m x 1.5 m x 1.0 m was installed in each fish pond for the experiment. The treatment consisted of different stocking densities, namely 15 fish/m2, 30 fish/m2, and 45 fish/m2. Fish with the body weight of 20 ± 1.25 g were used. Fish were cultured for four months. An artificial diet containing 30% protein was given with a feeding rate of 5%. The experiment was designed in a complete randomized design. The result showed that the production performances (i.e. survival, specific growth rate, absolute weight, and biomass) were significantly higher at the densities of 15 and 30 fish/m2 than that of 45 fish/m2 (P<0.05). Blood profile such as glucose, erythrocyte, leucocyte, and hemoglobin were higher at the density of 45 fish/m2 except for hematocrit which was higher at the densities of 30 and 15 fish/m2. Water quality parameters such as dissolved oxygen, nitrite, nitrate, and ammonia at the densities of 15 and 30 fish/m2 showed better values than that of 45 fish/m2 stocking density. To optimize the productivity and maintain the optimum water quality condition, the optimal stocking density for climbing perch culture is suggested at 30 fish/m2.
攀缘鲈鱼是印度尼西亚当地具有经济价值的鱼类之一，尤其是在婆罗洲、苏门答腊和爪哇群岛。这种鱼有潜力发展成为淡水养殖物种。本试验旨在评价不同放养密度泥炭池中养殖的攀缘鲈鱼的生产性能和血液特性。这项研究是在婆罗洲中部巴朗卡拉亚市塞班高区的Kereng Bangkiray村进行的。使用了9个尺寸为5.0 m x 5.0 m x 1.5 m的鱼塘。在每个鱼塘中安装网目尺寸为1cm、尺寸为2.0 m x 1.5 m x 1.0 m的网进行实验。处理包括不同的放养密度，即15条鱼/m2、30条鱼/m2和45条鱼/m2。鱼的体重为20±1.25克。鱼被养殖了四个月。喂食含有30%蛋白质的人工饲料，喂养率为5%。实验采用完全随机设计。结果表明，密度为15和30鱼/m2时的生产性能（即存活率、比生长率、绝对重量和生物量）显著高于密度为45鱼/m2时（P<0.05），并且血红蛋白在密度为45fish/m2时较高，除了红细胞压积在密度为30和15fish/m2时更高之外。在密度为15和30条鱼/平方米的情况下，溶解氧、亚硝酸盐、硝酸盐和氨等水质参数显示出比放养密度为45条鱼/平方米时更好的值。为了优化生产力并保持最佳水质条件，建议攀缘鲈鱼养殖的最佳放养密度为30条鱼/平方米。
{"title":"PRODUCTION PERFORMANCE AND BLOOD PROFILE OF CLIMBING PERCH Anabas testudineus Bloch CULTURED IN PEAT POND WITH DIFFERENT STOCKING DENSITIES","authors":"A. Widiyati, A. Saputra, E. Setiadi","doi":"10.15578/iaj.14.2.2019.83-89","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15578/iaj.14.2.2019.83-89","url":null,"abstract":"Climbing perch is one of economically-valued local fish in Indonesia, particularly in Borneo, Sumatra, and Java Islands. The fish has the potential to be developed as freshwater aquaculture species. The purpose of this experiment was to evaluate the production performance and blood profile of climbing perch cultured in peat pond with different stocking densities. The research was conducted in Kereng Bangkiray Village, Sebangau District, Palangkaraya City, Central of Borneo. Nine fish ponds sized 5.0 m x 5.0 m x 1.5 m were used. Nets with a mesh size of 1 cm measuring 2.0 m x 1.5 m x 1.0 m was installed in each fish pond for the experiment. The treatment consisted of different stocking densities, namely 15 fish/m2, 30 fish/m2, and 45 fish/m2. Fish with the body weight of 20 ± 1.25 g were used. Fish were cultured for four months. An artificial diet containing 30% protein was given with a feeding rate of 5%. The experiment was designed in a complete randomized design. The result showed that the production performances (i.e. survival, specific growth rate, absolute weight, and biomass) were significantly higher at the densities of 15 and 30 fish/m2 than that of 45 fish/m2 (P<0.05). Blood profile such as glucose, erythrocyte, leucocyte, and hemoglobin were higher at the density of 45 fish/m2 except for hematocrit which was higher at the densities of 30 and 15 fish/m2. Water quality parameters such as dissolved oxygen, nitrite, nitrate, and ammonia at the densities of 15 and 30 fish/m2 showed better values than that of 45 fish/m2 stocking density. To optimize the productivity and maintain the optimum water quality condition, the optimal stocking density for climbing perch culture is suggested at 30 fish/m2.","PeriodicalId":36566,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Aquaculture Journal","volume":"14 1","pages":"83-89"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43154662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-13DOI: 10.15578/iaj.14.2.2019.75-81
Bambang Setyo Sihananto, H. Novita, Christina Wianty, A. Lusiastuti
Lymphocystis virus has been implicated as the cause of severe infection, mortality, and economic loss in farmed giant snakehead (Channa striata) or gabus fish in Mandiangin South Kalimantan. In Kalimantan, the fish is locally known as Haruan fish and considered to have health-related benefits to human due to its high albumin content. This study aimed to determine the LCDV in gabus fish through histopathological and PCR investigation. Infected LCDV fish have a cluster of warts growths in the skin or fin of a walleye. Infected fishes with an average of total length of 15 cm and weight of 150 g were collected from local net cages and earthen ponds. They were transferred into a laboratory, anesthetized, and then subsequently killed by organ dissection. The infected fish tumors were aseptically cut out for histological study and PCR detection. Primer used was forward GII F: 5 ‘TGG GAT TCC AAY GGT CAA TTA-3’ with target band of 468 bp (for genotype-IIi LCDV) and primer reverse R: 5’TTA GAT TAT TGG GCA GCG TT-3' with target band of 250 bp (for genotype-II LCDV) and GIII F: 5' AGG AAA TAA CCG CAG TA GAA TGCA. Lymphocytosis in infected fish showed multifocal to diffuse white, round, firm, papilloma or tumor-like nodules on the skin of the body, fins, eyes, and mouth. The hypertrophied cell was surrounded by a thick smooth hyaline capsule. Stress condition caused by high population density, nutrition deficiencies, decreased dissolved oxygen, suboptimal water quality, and handling may increase the appearance of LCDV symptoms. The result of the present study revealed that histopathology and PCR could be used to diagnose LCDV infection.
淋巴囊肿病毒已被认为是南加里曼丹曼迪昂养殖的巨型蛇头鱼(Channa striata)或gabus鱼严重感染、死亡和经济损失的原因。在加里曼丹，这种鱼在当地被称为Haruan鱼，由于其白蛋白含量高，被认为对人类健康有益。本研究旨在通过组织病理学和PCR检测gabus鱼的LCDV。感染LCDV的鱼在皮肤或鱼鳍上长有一簇疣。在当地的网箱和泥塘中采集的感染鱼平均总长度为15厘米，体重为150克。他们被转移到实验室，被麻醉，然后通过器官解剖而死亡。无菌切除受感染的鱼肿瘤进行组织学研究和PCR检测。引物为正引物GII F: 5' TGG GAT TCC AAY GGT CAA TTA-3 '，目标带468 bp(基因型- iii LCDV)，引物反向引物R: 5' tta GAT TAT TGG GCA GCG TT-3'，目标带250 bp(基因型- ii LCDV)和GII F: 5' AGG AAA TAA CCG CAG TA GAA TGCA。感染鱼的淋巴细胞增多表现为多灶性弥漫性白色、圆形、坚硬、乳头状瘤或肿瘤样结节，分布在身体、鳍、眼睛和口腔的皮肤上。肥大的细胞被一层厚而光滑的透明囊包围。由人口密度高、营养缺乏、溶解氧减少、水质欠佳和处理引起的应激状态可能会增加LCDV症状的出现。本研究结果表明，组织病理学和PCR可用于LCDV感染的诊断。
{"title":"A CASE STUDY OF LYMPHOCYSTIS VIRUS DISEASE IN FARMED GIANT SNAKEHEAD (Channa striata) IN MANDIANGIN, SOUTH KALIMANTAN","authors":"Bambang Setyo Sihananto, H. Novita, Christina Wianty, A. Lusiastuti","doi":"10.15578/iaj.14.2.2019.75-81","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15578/iaj.14.2.2019.75-81","url":null,"abstract":"Lymphocystis virus has been implicated as the cause of severe infection, mortality, and economic loss in farmed giant snakehead (Channa striata) or gabus fish in Mandiangin South Kalimantan. In Kalimantan, the fish is locally known as Haruan fish and considered to have health-related benefits to human due to its high albumin content. This study aimed to determine the LCDV in gabus fish through histopathological and PCR investigation. Infected LCDV fish have a cluster of warts growths in the skin or fin of a walleye. Infected fishes with an average of total length of 15 cm and weight of 150 g were collected from local net cages and earthen ponds. They were transferred into a laboratory, anesthetized, and then subsequently killed by organ dissection. The infected fish tumors were aseptically cut out for histological study and PCR detection. Primer used was forward GII F: 5 ‘TGG GAT TCC AAY GGT CAA TTA-3’ with target band of 468 bp (for genotype-IIi LCDV) and primer reverse R: 5’TTA GAT TAT TGG GCA GCG TT-3' with target band of 250 bp (for genotype-II LCDV) and GIII F: 5' AGG AAA TAA CCG CAG TA GAA TGCA. Lymphocytosis in infected fish showed multifocal to diffuse white, round, firm, papilloma or tumor-like nodules on the skin of the body, fins, eyes, and mouth. The hypertrophied cell was surrounded by a thick smooth hyaline capsule. Stress condition caused by high population density, nutrition deficiencies, decreased dissolved oxygen, suboptimal water quality, and handling may increase the appearance of LCDV symptoms. The result of the present study revealed that histopathology and PCR could be used to diagnose LCDV infection.","PeriodicalId":36566,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Aquaculture Journal","volume":"14 1","pages":"75-81"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42617654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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