Pub Date : 2022-06-29DOI: 10.15578/iaj.17.1.2022.53-60
Isabelle Leite Bayona Perez, A. P. Santos, B. A. Martins
The hight extractivism of marine fish to supply the demand of the aquarium market has worried the researchers and, in this context,, the aquaculture consists of an alternative to the problem. The family Chaetodontidae represents one of the main families of ornamental marine fish and has not received enough attention on their cultivation research. Considering the absence of this information about the butterflyfish Chaetodon striatus, the present work had the objective of obtaining information about the species in captivity. The fishes were kept in tanks of 100, 200, 300 and 1,000 L, with 6 fishes in each tank, with 3 repetitions for each volume, totaling 72 individuals and were observed for 30 days, being offered living small invertebrates and frozen and fresh mussels for the feeding. Also, for the attempt of reproduction in captivity, two couples, collected directly from the sea, with the entry of only two adults in the trap at a time, were used. Each couple was acclimated in a 100 L tank and we observed their behaviors for 8 hours a day. There was no mortality in tanks of 300 and 1,000 L and, for feeding, small invertebrates and fresh mussels were well accepted. Some behaviors were observed, most of which were already described for chaetodontids. This is the first report of C. striatus in captivity and this contribution may provide subsidies for a future technological package.
{"title":"MAINTENANCE OF THE BUTTERFLYFISH Chaetodon striatus (PERCIFOMES: CHAETODONTIDAE) IN A RECIRCULATION SYSTEM","authors":"Isabelle Leite Bayona Perez, A. P. Santos, B. A. Martins","doi":"10.15578/iaj.17.1.2022.53-60","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15578/iaj.17.1.2022.53-60","url":null,"abstract":"The hight extractivism of marine fish to supply the demand of the aquarium market has worried the researchers and, in this context,, the aquaculture consists of an alternative to the problem. The family Chaetodontidae represents one of the main families of ornamental marine fish and has not received enough attention on their cultivation research. Considering the absence of this information about the butterflyfish Chaetodon striatus, the present work had the objective of obtaining information about the species in captivity. The fishes were kept in tanks of 100, 200, 300 and 1,000 L, with 6 fishes in each tank, with 3 repetitions for each volume, totaling 72 individuals and were observed for 30 days, being offered living small invertebrates and frozen and fresh mussels for the feeding. Also, for the attempt of reproduction in captivity, two couples, collected directly from the sea, with the entry of only two adults in the trap at a time, were used. Each couple was acclimated in a 100 L tank and we observed their behaviors for 8 hours a day. There was no mortality in tanks of 300 and 1,000 L and, for feeding, small invertebrates and fresh mussels were well accepted. Some behaviors were observed, most of which were already described for chaetodontids. This is the first report of C. striatus in captivity and this contribution may provide subsidies for a future technological package.","PeriodicalId":36566,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Aquaculture Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43919433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-29DOI: 10.15578/iaj.17.1.2022.45-51
R. Astuti, A. Isnansetyo, R. Pratiwi, S. Hadisusanto
Pseudodiaptomus species are one of the copepods species as a superior live feed to date due to their nutrition and digestive enzyme contents. Some of them have been used as natural for rearing marine fish larvae. The purposes of this study were to compare the nutritional and protease activity between two species of Pseudodiaptomus originated from Indonesian waters, and to determine more superior species to cultivate. Two different feeds i.e. Thalassiosira sp. and milk powder were used to grow the Pseudodiaptomus species. Analysis of amino acids (AAs) and fatty acids (FAs) profiles were carried out for both the Pseudodiaptomus species samples and the feeds, while the protease activity assay was carried out only for the Pseudodiaptomus species samples. Results indicated that the nutritional and protease activity profiles of Pseudodiaptomus were affected by the types of feed. Pseudodiaptomus code P61 was more superior to Pseudodiaptomus code P71. This code P61 species contained a wide variety of essential fatty acids and exhibited stabile protease activity under the different feeding treatments. However, P61 contained a lower total AA content than P71. Both of them could be cultivated because they were complementary in nutrients to each other.
{"title":"COMPARISON OF NUTRITIONAL AND PROTEASE ACTIVITY PROFILES OF TWO LIVE FEED CANDIDATES OF Pseudodiaptomus SPECIES","authors":"R. Astuti, A. Isnansetyo, R. Pratiwi, S. Hadisusanto","doi":"10.15578/iaj.17.1.2022.45-51","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15578/iaj.17.1.2022.45-51","url":null,"abstract":"Pseudodiaptomus species are one of the copepods species as a superior live feed to date due to their nutrition and digestive enzyme contents. Some of them have been used as natural for rearing marine fish larvae. The purposes of this study were to compare the nutritional and protease activity between two species of Pseudodiaptomus originated from Indonesian waters, and to determine more superior species to cultivate. Two different feeds i.e. Thalassiosira sp. and milk powder were used to grow the Pseudodiaptomus species. Analysis of amino acids (AAs) and fatty acids (FAs) profiles were carried out for both the Pseudodiaptomus species samples and the feeds, while the protease activity assay was carried out only for the Pseudodiaptomus species samples. Results indicated that the nutritional and protease activity profiles of Pseudodiaptomus were affected by the types of feed. Pseudodiaptomus code P61 was more superior to Pseudodiaptomus code P71. This code P61 species contained a wide variety of essential fatty acids and exhibited stabile protease activity under the different feeding treatments. However, P61 contained a lower total AA content than P71. Both of them could be cultivated because they were complementary in nutrients to each other.","PeriodicalId":36566,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Aquaculture Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42961481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-29DOI: 10.15578/iaj.17.1.2022.37-43
Azam Bachur Zaidy, Yuke Eliyani, T. Ruchimat
Biofloc technique is a method of fish culture using minimal water exchange and microbial aggregates formed within the culture media as fish supplementary feed. Biofloc as a protein source is currently not being considered part of the feeding dosage in catfish culture. This present work aimed to determine the effects of commercial feed reduction on growth performance, water quality, and hematology of catfish cultured in biofloc ponds. Fish with an average body weight of 7.53 ± 0.47 g were stocked in nine ponds with a stocking density of 100 fish/pond and reared for nine weeks. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design, with the following treatments: full feed + non-biofloc (C100) as control; 10% less feed + biofloc (B90); 20% less feed + biofloc (B80). As such, the total feed doses given daily per each treatment fish biomass were: 5% for C100, 4.5% for B90, and 4.0% for B80. Each treatment was arranged in triplicates. The results showed that all water quality parameters (dissolved oxygen, pH, TAN, and nitrite) and biofloc concentrations did not differ significantly among the treatments (P>0.05). Specific growth rate, survival rate, weight gain, and feed conversion ratio of the fish were also not significantly different (P>0.05). The weight gain of biofloc-treated fish in B90 and B80 reached 2.71% and 12.65%, respectively; which were higher than the control treatment during the treatment period. The feed conversion ratios of B90 and B80 were 14.39% and 7.58%, respectively; lower than the control treatment. The biofloc treatment did not adversely alter the fish’s blood cell profiles. This study revealed that feed reduction did not affect water quality in the ponds and blood cell profiles of the fish. Moreover, fish in the biofloc-treated ponds had higher weight gain and lower food conversion ratios compared to fish cultured in the non-treated biofloc ponds. This study suggests that using the biofloc system in catfish rearing can reduce the use of feed up to 10%-20% with similar biomass yield compared to the non-biofloc system.
{"title":"EFFECTS OF FEED REDUCTION ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE, WATER QUALITY, AND HEMATOLOGY STATUS OF AFRICAN CATFISH, Clarias gariepinus REARED IN BIOFLOC POND SYSTEM","authors":"Azam Bachur Zaidy, Yuke Eliyani, T. Ruchimat","doi":"10.15578/iaj.17.1.2022.37-43","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15578/iaj.17.1.2022.37-43","url":null,"abstract":"Biofloc technique is a method of fish culture using minimal water exchange and microbial aggregates formed within the culture media as fish supplementary feed. Biofloc as a protein source is currently not being considered part of the feeding dosage in catfish culture. This present work aimed to determine the effects of commercial feed reduction on growth performance, water quality, and hematology of catfish cultured in biofloc ponds. Fish with an average body weight of 7.53 ± 0.47 g were stocked in nine ponds with a stocking density of 100 fish/pond and reared for nine weeks. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design, with the following treatments: full feed + non-biofloc (C100) as control; 10% less feed + biofloc (B90); 20% less feed + biofloc (B80). As such, the total feed doses given daily per each treatment fish biomass were: 5% for C100, 4.5% for B90, and 4.0% for B80. Each treatment was arranged in triplicates. The results showed that all water quality parameters (dissolved oxygen, pH, TAN, and nitrite) and biofloc concentrations did not differ significantly among the treatments (P>0.05). Specific growth rate, survival rate, weight gain, and feed conversion ratio of the fish were also not significantly different (P>0.05). The weight gain of biofloc-treated fish in B90 and B80 reached 2.71% and 12.65%, respectively; which were higher than the control treatment during the treatment period. The feed conversion ratios of B90 and B80 were 14.39% and 7.58%, respectively; lower than the control treatment. The biofloc treatment did not adversely alter the fish’s blood cell profiles. This study revealed that feed reduction did not affect water quality in the ponds and blood cell profiles of the fish. Moreover, fish in the biofloc-treated ponds had higher weight gain and lower food conversion ratios compared to fish cultured in the non-treated biofloc ponds. This study suggests that using the biofloc system in catfish rearing can reduce the use of feed up to 10%-20% with similar biomass yield compared to the non-biofloc system.","PeriodicalId":36566,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Aquaculture Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49326577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-29DOI: 10.15578/iaj.17.1.2022.73-85
T. Mufidah, S. Sukenda, W. Widanarni, H. Darusman, A. Lusiastuti
This research aimed to study the pathogenesis of Aeromonas hydrophila infection through two different routes of infection in African catfish and to find out the involvement of TNF-a in response to the infection. The experimental infection model was performed by clipping the caudal fin and immersing the fish in a medium with A. hydrophila and by intramuscular injection. Total plate count were used to investigate total and the distribution of A. hydrophila in the organs and TNF-a were observed using immune histochemistry. The results showed that the two types of infection were able to show typical A. hydrophila symptoms in experimental fish. Histological observation indicated that the two types of experimental infection resulted in systemic aeromoniasis infection. Total bacterial count results showed that A. hydrophila were detected three hours post-infection (hpi) in all organs, except for the kidney, in which detection started since hour 0, both in control and challenge fish. TNF-a were detected in all experimental fish and influenced by the number of bacteria, the function and tissue structure and of the organs. It can be concluded that artificial infection by clipping the caudal fin of Clarias gariepinus and immersing the fish in a medium with active A. hydrophila isolates cause systemic aeromoniasis infection in organs. Acute infection with Aeromonas hydrophila causes an increase in TNF-a production.
{"title":"ANALYSIS OF THE PATHOGENESIS OF Aeromonas hydrophila IN THE AFRICAN CATFISH, Clarias gariepinus AND INVOLVEMENT OF THE TNF-a IN RESPONSE TO THE INFECTION","authors":"T. Mufidah, S. Sukenda, W. Widanarni, H. Darusman, A. Lusiastuti","doi":"10.15578/iaj.17.1.2022.73-85","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15578/iaj.17.1.2022.73-85","url":null,"abstract":"This research aimed to study the pathogenesis of Aeromonas hydrophila infection through two different routes of infection in African catfish and to find out the involvement of TNF-a in response to the infection. The experimental infection model was performed by clipping the caudal fin and immersing the fish in a medium with A. hydrophila and by intramuscular injection. Total plate count were used to investigate total and the distribution of A. hydrophila in the organs and TNF-a were observed using immune histochemistry. The results showed that the two types of infection were able to show typical A. hydrophila symptoms in experimental fish. Histological observation indicated that the two types of experimental infection resulted in systemic aeromoniasis infection. Total bacterial count results showed that A. hydrophila were detected three hours post-infection (hpi) in all organs, except for the kidney, in which detection started since hour 0, both in control and challenge fish. TNF-a were detected in all experimental fish and influenced by the number of bacteria, the function and tissue structure and of the organs. It can be concluded that artificial infection by clipping the caudal fin of Clarias gariepinus and immersing the fish in a medium with active A. hydrophila isolates cause systemic aeromoniasis infection in organs. Acute infection with Aeromonas hydrophila causes an increase in TNF-a production.","PeriodicalId":36566,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Aquaculture Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44552977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-29DOI: 10.15578/iaj.17.1.2022.13-22
Qoriatul Ilma, A. Dinoto, Ninu Setianingrum, M. Mulyadi, Dwi Agustyani, N. Radiastuti, H. Julistiono
The presence of effective bacteria removing nitrite, nitrate, and ammonia in a recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) is necessary to attenuate their toxicity to fish. The research was conducted to find bacteria that can be cultured and reduce nitrite, nitrate, and ammonium. Sixteen bacterial colonies were isolated from bioballs of RAS biofilter and tested for their ability to reduce nitrite or nitrate concentrations. Using a simple indicator paper for nitrite and nitrate, four isolates that reduced nitrite and nitrate concentrations, namely K1NA3, K2NA3, CNA1, and PRO4NA1 were selected. The four isolates were then evaluated for the metabolism of nitrate, nitrite, and ammonium compounds using the spectrophotometry method. Results showed that the isolates K1NA3, CNA1, and PRO4NA1 reduced nitrite concentration but produced ammonium, whereas K1NA3 isolate was able to reduce nitrate concentration but produced both nitrite and ammonium. Experiments in reducing ammonium levels in the synthetic waste media showed the ability of four isolates to reduce ammonium levels after six days despite producing nitrite. Based on the 16S rRNA gene analysis, these isolates have a close relationship to Pseudomonas otitidis (KINA3 and K2NA3), Acinetobacter cumulans (CNA1), and Vogesella perlucida (PRO 4NA1).
{"title":"ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF BACTERIA REMOVING NITRITE, NITRATE, AND AMMONIUM FROM BIOBALLS FILTER","authors":"Qoriatul Ilma, A. Dinoto, Ninu Setianingrum, M. Mulyadi, Dwi Agustyani, N. Radiastuti, H. Julistiono","doi":"10.15578/iaj.17.1.2022.13-22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15578/iaj.17.1.2022.13-22","url":null,"abstract":"The presence of effective bacteria removing nitrite, nitrate, and ammonia in a recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) is necessary to attenuate their toxicity to fish. The research was conducted to find bacteria that can be cultured and reduce nitrite, nitrate, and ammonium. Sixteen bacterial colonies were isolated from bioballs of RAS biofilter and tested for their ability to reduce nitrite or nitrate concentrations. Using a simple indicator paper for nitrite and nitrate, four isolates that reduced nitrite and nitrate concentrations, namely K1NA3, K2NA3, CNA1, and PRO4NA1 were selected. The four isolates were then evaluated for the metabolism of nitrate, nitrite, and ammonium compounds using the spectrophotometry method. Results showed that the isolates K1NA3, CNA1, and PRO4NA1 reduced nitrite concentration but produced ammonium, whereas K1NA3 isolate was able to reduce nitrate concentration but produced both nitrite and ammonium. Experiments in reducing ammonium levels in the synthetic waste media showed the ability of four isolates to reduce ammonium levels after six days despite producing nitrite. Based on the 16S rRNA gene analysis, these isolates have a close relationship to Pseudomonas otitidis (KINA3 and K2NA3), Acinetobacter cumulans (CNA1), and Vogesella perlucida (PRO 4NA1).","PeriodicalId":36566,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Aquaculture Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41533266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-29DOI: 10.15578/iaj.17.1.2022.23-28
S. B. Prayitno, Bagus Rimbayu Ardie, Romi Novriadi, V. Herawati, S. Windarto
One of the problematic factors in the cultivation of vannamei shrimp is the outbreak of bacteria and viruses. One way to prevent infection is by strengthening the shrimp’s immune system. MOTIVTM is a fermented corn protein concentrate that has been reported to possess probiotic properties that can positively increase the disease resistance of shrimp. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the effect of bioactive protein (MOTIVTM) on the total hemocyte count and shrimp survival rate. The study used an experimental method with a completely randomized design with five treatments and three replications: A (commercial feed), B (7.5% MOTIV add of 1.5% krill meal instead of 9% fish meal), C (7.5% MOTIVTM add of 1% krill meal to replaces of 2% poultry meal and 6.5% fish meal), D (7.5% MOTIVTM to replaces of 3.5% poultry meal and 4% fish meal), and E (7.5% MOTIVTM to replaces of 7.5% poultry flour). Feeding was done four times/day based on shrimp biomass and weekly feed counts based on daily shrimp survival. The vannamei shrimp used was one gram with a population density of 15 shrimps/aquarium with an aquarium volume of 100 liters.Total shrimp hemocytes, survival, and water quality were all measured. Treatment C had the highest total hemocyte, averaging 4.1 x 107 cells/mL, whereas treatment B had the lowest, averaging 1.4 x 107 cells/mL. During the trial, only treatment C supported 100% survival.
南美白对虾养殖中的一个问题因素是细菌和病毒的爆发。预防感染的一种方法是加强虾的免疫系统。MOTIVTM是一种发酵玉米浓缩蛋白，据报道具有益生菌特性，可以积极提高虾的抗病性。因此，本研究旨在确定生物活性蛋白（MOTIVTM）对对虾总血细胞计数和存活率的影响。该研究采用了一种完全随机设计的实验方法，有五个处理和三个重复：a（商业饲料）、B（7.5%MOTIVTM添加1.5%磷虾粉代替9%鱼粉）、C（7.5%MOTIV添加1%磷虾粉替代2%家禽粉和6.5%鱼粉），D（7.5%MOTIVTM替代3.5%家禽粉和4%鱼粉），和E（7.5%MOTIVTM代替7.5%家禽面粉）。根据虾的生物量每天喂食四次，根据虾的日存活率每周喂食四次。所用的南美白虾为1克，种群密度为15只/水族馆，水族馆容积为100升。对虾的总血细胞、存活率和水质进行了测定。处理C具有最高的总血细胞，平均4.1 x 107个细胞/mL，而处理B具有最低的，平均1.4 x 107个单元/mL。在试验期间，只有治疗C支持100%的存活率。
{"title":"EFFECT OF BIOACTIVE PROTEIN INGREDIENTS (MOTIVTM) ON TOTAL HEMOCYTE AND SURVIVAL RATE OF VANNAMEI SHRIMP, Litopenaeus vannamei","authors":"S. B. Prayitno, Bagus Rimbayu Ardie, Romi Novriadi, V. Herawati, S. Windarto","doi":"10.15578/iaj.17.1.2022.23-28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15578/iaj.17.1.2022.23-28","url":null,"abstract":"One of the problematic factors in the cultivation of vannamei shrimp is the outbreak of bacteria and viruses. One way to prevent infection is by strengthening the shrimp’s immune system. MOTIVTM is a fermented corn protein concentrate that has been reported to possess probiotic properties that can positively increase the disease resistance of shrimp. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the effect of bioactive protein (MOTIVTM) on the total hemocyte count and shrimp survival rate. The study used an experimental method with a completely randomized design with five treatments and three replications: A (commercial feed), B (7.5% MOTIV add of 1.5% krill meal instead of 9% fish meal), C (7.5% MOTIVTM add of 1% krill meal to replaces of 2% poultry meal and 6.5% fish meal), D (7.5% MOTIVTM to replaces of 3.5% poultry meal and 4% fish meal), and E (7.5% MOTIVTM to replaces of 7.5% poultry flour). Feeding was done four times/day based on shrimp biomass and weekly feed counts based on daily shrimp survival. The vannamei shrimp used was one gram with a population density of 15 shrimps/aquarium with an aquarium volume of 100 liters.Total shrimp hemocytes, survival, and water quality were all measured. Treatment C had the highest total hemocyte, averaging 4.1 x 107 cells/mL, whereas treatment B had the lowest, averaging 1.4 x 107 cells/mL. During the trial, only treatment C supported 100% survival. ","PeriodicalId":36566,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Aquaculture Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49556086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-29DOI: 10.15578/iaj.17.1.2022.61-72
Y. P. Hastuti, Moh. Burhanuddin Mahmud, Y. Fatma, R. Affandi, K. Nirmala
Sea cucumber Holothuria scabra was reared on a small scale with the addition of seaweed Gracilaria sp. as a phytoremediation agent. This research aimed to determine the effect of Gracilaria sp. on water quality, physiological response, and growth performance of H. scabra. Ten individuals of H. scabra with an initial length of 5 ± 0.09 cm and an initial weight of 7.6 ± 0.2 g were reared in a culture tank (20 cm x 30 cm x 20 cm) with 15 cm of water depth. Gracilaria sp. was floated on the culture tank at three weight levels with three replicates, i.e., low (15 g); medium (30 g); and high seaweed density (45 g), with the control (0 g), during the 30-day rearing period. Results showed no significant difference in water temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO), salinity, and total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) between all treatments except for pH. There were no significant differences in ammonia and nitrite concentrations and significant differences in nitrate concentration and total organic matter (TOM) between all treatments and the control. On day 30, the application of Gracilaria sp. exhibited a lower nitrate concentration than the control. Gracilaria sp. maintained the water quality in the culture tank within a tolerable range for H. scabra. On the physiological response of H. scabra, high seaweed density exhibited the lowest blood cholesterol and glucose levels on day 30 and the highest specific growth rate (SGR) in weight (0.59 ± 0.2%) and length (1.16 ± 0.09%). The survival rate of H. scabra in all treatments reached 100%, suggesting the indoor cultivation system in this experiment did not negatively affect the growth of H. scabra.
在添加紫菜属植物修复剂的条件下，进行了小尺度养殖。本研究旨在探讨江蓠对黄颡鱼水质、生理反应和生长性能的影响。选取初始长度为5±0.09 cm、初始体重为7.6±0.2 g的10条黄颡鱼，在水深为15 cm的20 cm × 30 cm × 20 cm培养槽中饲养。在培养槽上以3个体重水平漂浮，3个重复，即低体重(15 g);中(30克);30 d饲养期间海藻密度高(45 g)，对照为0 g。结果表明，除ph外，各处理间水温、溶解氧(DO)、盐度和总氨氮(TAN)均无显著差异，氨氮和亚硝酸盐浓度、硝酸盐浓度和总有机质(TOM)与对照间无显著差异。施用第30天，紫菜的硝酸盐浓度低于对照。江蓠将培养池内的水质维持在黄颡鱼可容忍的范围内。在生理反应上，高密度海藻在第30天的血胆固醇和葡萄糖水平最低，其重量(0.59±0.2%)和长度(1.16±0.09%)的特定生长率(SGR)最高。所有处理的黄锈疮成活率均达到100%，说明本试验室内培养制度对黄锈疮的生长没有负面影响。
{"title":"EFFECT OF THE USE OF Gracilaria sp. ON WATER QUALITY, PHYSIOLOGICAL AND GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF Holothuria scabra IN CULTURE TANK","authors":"Y. P. Hastuti, Moh. Burhanuddin Mahmud, Y. Fatma, R. Affandi, K. Nirmala","doi":"10.15578/iaj.17.1.2022.61-72","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15578/iaj.17.1.2022.61-72","url":null,"abstract":"Sea cucumber Holothuria scabra was reared on a small scale with the addition of seaweed Gracilaria sp. as a phytoremediation agent. This research aimed to determine the effect of Gracilaria sp. on water quality, physiological response, and growth performance of H. scabra. Ten individuals of H. scabra with an initial length of 5 ± 0.09 cm and an initial weight of 7.6 ± 0.2 g were reared in a culture tank (20 cm x 30 cm x 20 cm) with 15 cm of water depth. Gracilaria sp. was floated on the culture tank at three weight levels with three replicates, i.e., low (15 g); medium (30 g); and high seaweed density (45 g), with the control (0 g), during the 30-day rearing period. Results showed no significant difference in water temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO), salinity, and total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) between all treatments except for pH. There were no significant differences in ammonia and nitrite concentrations and significant differences in nitrate concentration and total organic matter (TOM) between all treatments and the control. On day 30, the application of Gracilaria sp. exhibited a lower nitrate concentration than the control. Gracilaria sp. maintained the water quality in the culture tank within a tolerable range for H. scabra. On the physiological response of H. scabra, high seaweed density exhibited the lowest blood cholesterol and glucose levels on day 30 and the highest specific growth rate (SGR) in weight (0.59 ± 0.2%) and length (1.16 ± 0.09%). The survival rate of H. scabra in all treatments reached 100%, suggesting the indoor cultivation system in this experiment did not negatively affect the growth of H. scabra. ","PeriodicalId":36566,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Aquaculture Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45200651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-29DOI: 10.15578/iaj.17.1.2022.29-36
T. F. Haser, F. Azmi, M. S. Nurdin, S. P. Febri, T. Prihadi, J. Aubin, Bahtiar Sah Putra, Riris Yuli Valentine, D. Radona, Kurniawan Kurniawan, Muhammad Haritza Laitte
Embryonic development of Asian seabass, Lates calcarifer is a critical phase in the success of larval rearing production in a hatchery. Low production of larvae has been the drawback of the Asian seabass aquaculture owing to diseases and microbial infection to the eggs, causing low egg viability. This study aims to evaluate the effect of different doses of papaya leaf extracts during embryonic development to improve egg hatchability and larval survival. Six different doses of papaya leaf extracts of 2, 4, 6, 10, 20, and 25 mL were used as treatments arranged triplicates in five liter aquaria. The newly fertilized eggs (99 eggs) were immersed in each treatment for five minutes and fifteen seconds. Subsequently, the eggs were moved into 10 L incubation tanks, and samples were collected for embryogenesis observation. The hatchability of eggs was significantly different among treatments. The hatchability of larvae in group with dose of 4 mL was the best treatment (93.94 ± 0.1%) followed by 2 mL (93.88 ± 3%), and 6 mL (90.91 ± 3.0%). The different doses of papaya leaf extract significantly affected larval survival. The highest survival rate of larvae was 2 mL (93%) followed by 4 mL (90%) and 6 mL (70%). There was no significant difference in the hatching time of larvae. The fastest hatching time occurred at the dose of 6 mL about 13 hours and 30 minutes, followed by 2 mL and 4 mL treatment for about 14 hours. This study recommends that the doses of 2 mL or 4 mL of papaya leaf extracts have potential impacts on the improvement of larval rearing production for Asian seabass hatchery.
{"title":"OPTIMIZING EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT, EGG HATCHABILITY, AND LARVAL SURVIVAL OF ASIAN SEABASS, Lates calcarifer USING PAPAYA LEAF EXTRACT (Carica papaya) TREATMENTS","authors":"T. F. Haser, F. Azmi, M. S. Nurdin, S. P. Febri, T. Prihadi, J. Aubin, Bahtiar Sah Putra, Riris Yuli Valentine, D. Radona, Kurniawan Kurniawan, Muhammad Haritza Laitte","doi":"10.15578/iaj.17.1.2022.29-36","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15578/iaj.17.1.2022.29-36","url":null,"abstract":"Embryonic development of Asian seabass, Lates calcarifer is a critical phase in the success of larval rearing production in a hatchery. Low production of larvae has been the drawback of the Asian seabass aquaculture owing to diseases and microbial infection to the eggs, causing low egg viability. This study aims to evaluate the effect of different doses of papaya leaf extracts during embryonic development to improve egg hatchability and larval survival. Six different doses of papaya leaf extracts of 2, 4, 6, 10, 20, and 25 mL were used as treatments arranged triplicates in five liter aquaria. The newly fertilized eggs (99 eggs) were immersed in each treatment for five minutes and fifteen seconds. Subsequently, the eggs were moved into 10 L incubation tanks, and samples were collected for embryogenesis observation. The hatchability of eggs was significantly different among treatments. The hatchability of larvae in group with dose of 4 mL was the best treatment (93.94 ± 0.1%) followed by 2 mL (93.88 ± 3%), and 6 mL (90.91 ± 3.0%). The different doses of papaya leaf extract significantly affected larval survival. The highest survival rate of larvae was 2 mL (93%) followed by 4 mL (90%) and 6 mL (70%). There was no significant difference in the hatching time of larvae. The fastest hatching time occurred at the dose of 6 mL about 13 hours and 30 minutes, followed by 2 mL and 4 mL treatment for about 14 hours. This study recommends that the doses of 2 mL or 4 mL of papaya leaf extracts have potential impacts on the improvement of larval rearing production for Asian seabass hatchery.","PeriodicalId":36566,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Aquaculture Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43447002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-29DOI: 10.15578/iaj.17.1.2022.1-11
A. Laining, Ike Trismawanti, Muhammad Chaidir Undu, A. Sahrijanna, A. Asaad
Two-phase feeding trials were conducted to evaluate the effect of the carotenoid mixture on gonadal development and biochemical properties of several tissues of tiger shrimp. The treatments were diet enriched with (PC) and without carotenoid mixture (PO). Shrimp with an initial body weight of 31.7±1.3 g were allocated among four of 1,000 m2 concrete ponds with a density of 1 shrimp/m2 and fed tested diets for five months. Selected shrimps from the pond with a minimum weight of 80 g for females and 60 g for males were stocked into four 10-m3 concrete tanks at 15 pairs per tank. Natural mating rate and ovary development were not stimulated by the carotenoid supplement. However, it significantly improved (P<0.05) both ovary maturation and spermatophore formation of tiger shrimp from 76.7±1.4 to 86.7±0.0% and from 69.9 ±4.5 to 82.3±4.0%, respectively. Total carotenoid content in meat, oocyte and hepatopancreas of female tiger shrimp significantly (P<0.05) increased by supplementing carotenoid compared to the control diet. The total amino acid content in the spermatophore of shrimp fed the PC diet was significantly higher (73.82%) than in the PO diet (66.09%). The present study revealed the important effect of carotenoid feed during the pre-maturation stage on the reproductive performances of pond-reared tiger shrimp.
{"title":"CAROTENOID-ENRICHED DIET FOR PREMATURATION STAGE OF POND- REARED TIGER SHRIMP, Penaeus monodon: Part II. EFFECT ON GONADAL MATURATION AND BIOCHEMICAL PROFILES OF OOCYTES, SPERMATOPHORES AND HEPATOPANCREAS","authors":"A. Laining, Ike Trismawanti, Muhammad Chaidir Undu, A. Sahrijanna, A. Asaad","doi":"10.15578/iaj.17.1.2022.1-11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15578/iaj.17.1.2022.1-11","url":null,"abstract":"Two-phase feeding trials were conducted to evaluate the effect of the carotenoid mixture on gonadal development and biochemical properties of several tissues of tiger shrimp. The treatments were diet enriched with (PC) and without carotenoid mixture (PO). Shrimp with an initial body weight of 31.7±1.3 g were allocated among four of 1,000 m2 concrete ponds with a density of 1 shrimp/m2 and fed tested diets for five months. Selected shrimps from the pond with a minimum weight of 80 g for females and 60 g for males were stocked into four 10-m3 concrete tanks at 15 pairs per tank. Natural mating rate and ovary development were not stimulated by the carotenoid supplement. However, it significantly improved (P<0.05) both ovary maturation and spermatophore formation of tiger shrimp from 76.7±1.4 to 86.7±0.0% and from 69.9 ±4.5 to 82.3±4.0%, respectively. Total carotenoid content in meat, oocyte and hepatopancreas of female tiger shrimp significantly (P<0.05) increased by supplementing carotenoid compared to the control diet. The total amino acid content in the spermatophore of shrimp fed the PC diet was significantly higher (73.82%) than in the PO diet (66.09%). The present study revealed the important effect of carotenoid feed during the pre-maturation stage on the reproductive performances of pond-reared tiger shrimp. ","PeriodicalId":36566,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Aquaculture Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47955105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sk Injamamul Islam, Sarower Mahfuj, Md. Ashraful Alam, Y. Ara, Saloa Sanjida, Moslema Jahan Mou
Tilapia tilapinevirus, known worldwide as tilapia lake virus (TiLV), is a single-stranded RNA virus that belongs to the Amnoonviridae family. The virus attacks the fish species’ external and internal organs, such as the eyes, brain, and liver. Syncytial cells develop in the liver cells of infected fish, which are characterized by widespread hepatocellular necrosis and karyolytic nuclei. It is a highly infectious virus that spreads both horizontally and vertically. Despite these devastating complications, there is still no cure or vaccine for the virus. Therefore, a vaccine based on epitopes developed using immunoinformatics methods was developed against TiLV in fish. The putative polymerase basic 1 (PB1) gene was used to identify immunodominant T- and B-cell epitopes. Three probable epitopes were used to design the vaccine: CTL, HTL, and LBL. Testing of the final vaccine revealed that it was antigenic, non-allergenic, and has improved solubility. Molecular dynamics simulation revealed significant structural compactness and binding stability. Furthermore, the computer-generated immunological simulation indicated that immunization might stimulate real-life immune responses following injection. Overall, the findings of the study imply that the designed epitope vaccine might be a good option for prophylaxis for TiLV.
{"title":"Immunoinformatic Approaches to Identify Immune Epitopes and Design an Epitope-Based Subunit Vaccine against Emerging Tilapia Lake Virus (TiLV)","authors":"Sk Injamamul Islam, Sarower Mahfuj, Md. Ashraful Alam, Y. Ara, Saloa Sanjida, Moslema Jahan Mou","doi":"10.3390/aquacj2020010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/aquacj2020010","url":null,"abstract":"Tilapia tilapinevirus, known worldwide as tilapia lake virus (TiLV), is a single-stranded RNA virus that belongs to the Amnoonviridae family. The virus attacks the fish species’ external and internal organs, such as the eyes, brain, and liver. Syncytial cells develop in the liver cells of infected fish, which are characterized by widespread hepatocellular necrosis and karyolytic nuclei. It is a highly infectious virus that spreads both horizontally and vertically. Despite these devastating complications, there is still no cure or vaccine for the virus. Therefore, a vaccine based on epitopes developed using immunoinformatics methods was developed against TiLV in fish. The putative polymerase basic 1 (PB1) gene was used to identify immunodominant T- and B-cell epitopes. Three probable epitopes were used to design the vaccine: CTL, HTL, and LBL. Testing of the final vaccine revealed that it was antigenic, non-allergenic, and has improved solubility. Molecular dynamics simulation revealed significant structural compactness and binding stability. Furthermore, the computer-generated immunological simulation indicated that immunization might stimulate real-life immune responses following injection. Overall, the findings of the study imply that the designed epitope vaccine might be a good option for prophylaxis for TiLV.","PeriodicalId":36566,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Aquaculture Journal","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78986690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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