Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery Open Reports最新文献

Case series summary: Two cats were referred to a veterinary teaching hospital with a cotton tip applicator (CTA) tracheobronchial foreign body (FB) after induction of anesthesia for an elective dental cleaning. In both cases, a lidocaine-saturated CTA, utilized to desensitize the larynx before endotracheal (ET) intubation, broke when introduced into the oropharynx and was subsequently aspirated into the tracheobronchial tree. Both CTAs were successfully removed bronchoscopically, and the cats survived with no short- or long-term complications noted.

Relevance and novel information: Utilizing a lidocaine-saturated CTA to facilitate ET intubation in cats is not well described, and information on the relative risks and benefits of this specific method for laryngeal desensitization is lacking. This retrospective case series is the first to describe a complication of this technique and successful treatment. These cases highlight the risk inherent to using a CTA to desensitize the feline larynx.

Case summary: A 7-year-old male castrated domestic shorthair cat was presented for treatment of a bilateral sacroiliac luxation (SIL). CT was performed and the data were extracted in a stereolithography (STL) file, after which a 3D-printed drill guide (3DPDG) was devised, using computer-aided design (CAD) software, and printed. Using an open surgical approach, the guide was used as an aid for drilling the sacrum. The ilial wings were drilled free-hand later and a transiliosacral pin (TP) was inserted to realign and stabilise the SIL. The cat exhibited an early return to normal limb function and a CT scan performed at the postoperative follow-up showed early signs of bone remodelling at the sacroiliac joint.

Relevance and novel information: To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report using a 3DPDG for implant placement in the feline sacrum without intraoperative imaging.

Case summary: A 6-year-old female spayed domestic shorthair cat was presented with a 7-month history of a subcutaneous mass on the dorsal nasal surface. A CT examination revealed the presence of a nasal dermoid sinus cyst with a nasal bone defect. The cyst was excised and an autologous fascia lata graft was used for reconstruction. The dorsal nasal bone was reconstituted and no compromise of respiratory function was reported in the long-term outcome. No short-term complications were observed at the 2-week follow-up. No long-term complications or recurrence were observed at the 2- and 12-month follow-ups. Fascia lata grafting appears to be an effective method for repairing a nasal bone defect after surgical excision of a nasal dermoid sinus cyst in cats. It is inexpensive and the tissue is easily harvested and provides good functional and cosmetic results.

Relevance and novel information: To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report that evaluates the effectiveness of repairing a nasal bone defect after dermoid sinus cyst excision in a cat using an autologous fascia lata graft.

Case summary: A 6-year-old castrated male domestic shorthair cat was evaluated for recurrent pleural effusion, atrial fibrillation and suspected congestive heart failure. During thoracocentesis, the fenestrated over-the-needle catheter became fractured and a catheter fragment remained in the patient's left pleural space. Later in the course of treatment, the patient acutely decompensated and was euthanized. There were no immediately observed complications associated with the retained catheter fragment.

Relevance and novel information: To the authors' knowledge, there are no reports of over-the-needle catheter fractures with retained pleural catheter fragments in veterinary medicine. Similar cases in humans have been successfully managed with and without removal of catheter fragments. In veterinary medicine, the decision to attempt removal of a catheter fragment must consider both the likelihood of related morbidity and the patient's ability to tolerate an invasive procedure.

Case summary: An 8-year-old male neutered domestic shorthair cat was presented with an acute onset of left thoracic limb lameness and a firm swelling on the lateral aspect of the left distal antebrachium. A CT scan of the left thoracic limb revealed an expansile osteolytic cystic bone lesion centred at the distal left ulnar metaphysis. Cytology from fine-needle aspiration was not consistent with neoplasia. The CT features and the cytology results were suggestive of a bone cyst. A distal partial ulnectomy with ulnar styloid process excision was performed as the biopsy method and as the treatment approach. Histopathology results were consistent with an aneurysmal bone cyst (ABC). Carpal instability was not detected after distal partial ulnectomy; therefore, a stabilisation method was not required. Limb function was excellent after surgery, with no lameness and no recurrence detected by the owner at 2, 6 and 24 weeks postoperatively. The veterinary examination at 12 weeks postoperatively confirmed the owner's outcome assessment.

Relevance and novel information: To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report describing a distal partial ulnectomy with ulnar styloid process excision in a cat. Despite disrupting the short ulnar collateral ligament, this technique provided excellent short-term limb function with no need for carpal joint stabilisation. This technique allowed for the complete excision of a distal ulnar ABC and avoided cyst debridement, which could be associated with haemorrhage, recurrence and malignant transformation. Distal partial ulnectomy should be considered for distal ulnar bone lesions in cats.

Case summary: A 4-year-old cat was presented with acute onset of lateralised neurological central nervous system (CNS) signs and seizures. Haematological and serum biochemical parameters were within normal limits. Imaging diagnostics revealed severe CT and MRI abnormalities of the right brain, similar to Dyke-Davidoff-Masson syndrome (DDMS) in human medicine. This syndrome includes cerebral hemiatrophy with compensatory calvarial hyperostosis and ventriculomegaly. Such changes have previously been reported only once in a single feline case of approximately the same age. In humans, DDMS is described as an embryonic and perinatal developmental disturbance or an acquired injury in early childhood.

Relevance and novel information: This case report shows that without further imaging diagnostics, congenital disorders can be overlooked in some rare cases of adult cats with later onset of their first clinical signs.

Case summary: An 11-year-old neutered male Turkish Angora cat was referred for obstructive feline lower urinary tract disease (FLUTD). On physical examination, the penis was curved at the tip and had a smaller than normal urethral opening proximal to the end, consistent with singular glandular hypospadias with a dorsal penile curvature. Because of its recurrent obstructive FLUTD history and inability to catheterise the urethra, a preputial urethrostomy (PRU) was performed. The PRU resolved the clinical signs with no clinical recurrence and no short- or long-term complications.

Relevance and novel information: To the authors' knowledge, this is the first description of singular glandular hypospadias in a cat. In addition, this is the first time feline hypospadias has been reported to occur with obstructive FLUTD and to be treated by preputial urethrostomy.

Case summary: A 2-year-old spayed female domestic shorthair cat presented with tetraparesis after being involved in a road traffic accident. Survey spine radiographs revealed a C2-C3 cervical subluxation, which was confirmed by a CT scan. Surgical stabilisation was performed using screws and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) via a ventral approach. A postoperative CT scan demonstrated correct implant positioning and good reduction of the subluxation. After surgery, the cat rapidly recovered to a neurologically normal status.

Relevance and novel information: Trauma-induced cervical subluxation is an uncommon occurrence in cats but should be considered in the differential diagnosis. This report describes the surgical management of a C2-C3 cervical subluxation in a cat using screws and PMMA. This is the first case report of a surgically treated subaxial cervical subluxation in a cat.

Case summary: A 5.5-year-old male neutered domestic shorthair cat was presented with a 2-year history of progressive chronic kidney disease. Abdominal ultrasonography revealed bilateral chronic renal degeneration, nephrolithiasis, cortical hyperechogenicity and infarction. Left orthotopic renal transplantation was performed using the Synovis vascular coupling system for end-to-end anastomosis of the renal arteries and veins. Two months after transplantation, renal values were elevated, and abdominal ultrasonography revealed hydronephrosis and hydroureter of the transplanted kidney. Fluoroscopic antegrade pyelography identified a proximal ureteral stricture. Proximal neoureterocystostomy was performed and renal values normalized postoperatively. The cat was re-evaluated for acute stranguria and severe azotemia 12 months later. Contrast-enhanced CT revealed severe hydronephrosis of the transplanted kidney, obstruction of the proximal ureter and adhesions to the urinary bladder. Upon exploration, retroperitoneal fibrosis was found covering the transplanted kidney. Given the clinical situation, a subcutaneous ureteral bypass device (SUB) was placed. Clinicopathologic analyses, trough cyclosporine levels, aerobic urine cultures and ultrasonographic evaluations of the transplanted kidney were monitored every 1-3 months. Patency of the SUB was reassessed every 3-6 months. At 15 months after placement, the SUB occluded due to kinking of the cystostomy catheter and was replaced. At 28 months after SUB placement, renal function and clinical status deteriorated, and the cat was euthanized.

Relevance and novel information: To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of a SUB device being used for management of ureteral obstruction in a transplanted kidney in a cat.

Case summary: A 2-year-old domestic longhair crossbred female cat was referred for a second opinion on a non-healing surgical wound after left eye enucleation. In addition to the left orbital lesion, ulcerative granular masses protruding from the left nostril and on the base of the left ear were noted. A diagnosis of cryptococcosis was established using histopathological examination and a latex cryptococcal antigen agglutination test. The cat was successfully treated with itraconazole.

Relevance and novel information: Cryptococcosis, commonly reported in Australia, western Canada and the western USA, is rarely reported in companion animals in Europe. This marks the first report of cryptococcosis in cats in Bosnia and Herzegovina, emphasising the need to raise awareness within the veterinary community, both local and regional, about this disease.