Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery Open Reports最新文献

Case summaryA 4-year-old male castrated domestic shorthair cat presented with a 2 cm painful cutaneous mass on its right lateral abdominal wall. The cat inflicted self-trauma to the lesion site causing secondary ulceration and mild haemorrhage. Fine-needle aspiration or incisional biopsy was advised, along with diagnostic imaging; however, excisional biopsy was preferred by the owners. The mass was surgically removed with 1 cm lateral margins and a deep fascial plane. The histopathological features were most consistent with a diagnosis of a glomus tumour; the diagnosis was supported by subsequent immunohistochemistry. The tumour was completely removed and there were no signs of recurrence at the 6-month follow-up. In this case, surgery is expected to be curative. Relevance and novel information To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of a glomus tumour of the body wall in a cat and its association with pain and self-trauma. This report aims to add more data to the diagnosis and presentation of glomus tumours in animals.

Case summary: A 12-year-old spayed female domestic shorthair cat with a weight of 4.5 kg and a body condition score of 3/9 presented with anorexia and vomiting. Feline hepatic lipidosis was diagnosed based on blood tests and ultrasound examination. Naso-oesophageal tube feeding was initiated, but hypersalivation persisted despite supportive care. As a result of poor feeding tolerance, a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tube was placed for long-term enteral nutrition, with endoscopic confirmation of gastric placement. Two hours after the procedure, blood staining on the PEG tube bandage suggested bleeding at the insertion site. Abdominal ultrasonography and CT revealed splenic perforation. A laparoscopic partial splenectomy was performed successfully and the cat recovered without complications. Follow-up laboratory tests demonstrated a gradual improvement in haematological parameters, including haematocrit and total bilirubin. The cat remained clinically stable without further complications.

Relevance and novel information: This report details the first documented case of splenic perforation during PEG tube placement in a cat, successfully managed through laparoscopic partial splenectomy. Minimally invasive laparoscopy has demonstrated efficacy in addressing rare complications, including splenic perforation associated with PEG tube placement in cats.

Case summary: An 8-year-old female spayed Russian Blue cat presented for acute progressive dyspnoea. The patient had pleural effusion and was diagnosed with chylothorax. A multiphase contrast-enhanced CT scan of thoracic and abdominal cavities was performed to facilitate diagnosis and surgical planning. Incidentally, a large lobulated, elongated, cystic and encapsulated peritoneal mass was found. Contrast pooled within the peritoneal mass during lymphography, suggesting lymphatic origin. The patient was eventually euthanased as a result of recurrence of chylothorax. Necropsy revealed multiple irregular, thin-walled pockets of chylous fluid pooling within the mesentery. Histopathology of the affected mesentery was compatible with a diagnosis of lymphatic malformation.

Relevance and novel information: To the authors' knowledge, this is the first case describing a feline presentation of mesenteric lymphatic malformation. This is also the first case reporting the presentation of chylothorax for a veterinary patient with mesenteric lymphatic malformation.

Case summary: An 11-year-old male castrated domestic shorthair cat presented with increased respiratory effort, pleural effusion, lymphadenopathy, lethargy and decreased appetite with weight loss. A diagnosis of T-zone lymphoma was made from histopathology of an extirpated popliteal lymph node that had a marked paracortical expansion of small lymphocytes and prominent high endothelial venule proliferation. T-cell receptor gamma (TRG) molecular clonality PCR yielded a clonal rearrangement and immunohistochemistry demonstrated that the neoplastic lymphocytes expressed CD3 and did not express CD20. The cat was initially treated with two doses of intravenous vincristine and oral prednisolone followed by oral chlorambucil. The pleural effusion, lymphadenopathy, lymphocytosis, abdominal organomegaly and lethargy resolved, and the cat's appetite and body weight returned to normal. At the time of manuscript submission, the cat continued to do well, more than 24 months after presentation.

Relevance and novel information: T-zone lymphoma is a common indolent lymphoma in dogs, but it has only been histopathologically described in one cat before this report. This is the first report to describe the clinical presentation, clinicopathologic findings and outcome for a cat with T-zone lymphoma.

Case summary: An unowned, entire male domestic shorthair cat was surrendered to a rescue centre. On physical examination, poor body condition (score 3/9) and pigmented mass lesions on the lateral aspects of the upper gingivae were noted. The oral lesions were identified as haematomas only after examination under sedation. A diagnosis of probable primary immune thrombocytopenia (pITP) was made based on profound thrombocytopenia, rapid response to glucocorticoid therapy and the absence of identified triggers for secondary immune thrombocytopenia. The patient was treated with glucocorticoids and remained in remission 18 months from diagnosis.

Relevance and novel information: pITP is infrequently reported in cats and oral haematomas have not previously been documented as a presenting clinical sign. This case report serves to raise awareness of feline ITP and highlights the availability of evidence-based diagnostic and therapeutic guidelines that were published after the case was treated. While pITP can be refractory to treatment and can be associated with treatment-related morbidity, this case report demonstrates that an acceptable outcome can be achieved, albeit with a requirement for long-term treatment and regular monitoring.

Case summary: A 6-year-old female spayed domestic shorthair cat was presented for abdominal distension and weight loss. Abdominal radiographs and ultrasound revealed two cranial abdominal masses and another mass adjacent to the jejunum. Cytologic features of the cranial abdominal masses were consistent with exocrine pancreatic tissue. Four months later, a repeat abdominal ultrasound revealed progressive enlargement of the abdominal masses and medial iliac lymphadenopathy. On exploratory laparotomy, two abdominal masses were associated with the pancreas and incorporated large blood vessels supplying the liver, pancreas and spleen. The masses were non-resectable and incisional biopsies were obtained. The histologic features were diagnostic for a hyalinizing subtype of exocrine pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Chemotherapy was not pursued. Over 28 months after the initial detection of abdominal masses, the cat was still alive and reportedly doing well.

Relevance and novel information: To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of a hyalinizing subtype of pancreatic adenocarcinoma in a cat. This subtype is considered to behave less aggressively in dogs, and this case may support that a similar, more indolent behavior may be seen in cats.

Case summary: A 4-year-old male castrated domestic shorthair cat presented with a 3-month history of coughing and progressive dyspnea. The cat was diagnosed with idiopathic chylothorax after serum biochemistry, thoracocentesis, cytology of pleural effusion, echocardiography and thoracic imaging were performed. After failure to respond to medical management with repeated thoracocenteses, the oral administration of rutin and a low-fat diet, the cat underwent staged interventions consisting of CT lymphangiogram, subtotal pericardiectomy and pleural access port (PAP) placement, followed by thoracic duct ligation (TDL) and cisterna chyli ablation (CCA) 2 months later. The cat made a clinical recovery based on resolution of chylous pleural effusion 1 month after TDL and CCA, and the PAP was removed 1 month later. The cat remained free of clinical signs 3 years postoperatively.

Relevance and novel information: This is the first report documenting the use of a PAP for the management of feline chylothorax to disease resolution. Employing this device enabled frequent, low morbidity drainage of the pleural effusion as an alternative to repeated thoracocenteses and facilitated staging the interventions throughout management of idiopathic chylothorax in a cat. PAPs can be used successfully in the management of chylous pleural effusion in cats.

Case summary: A 5-year-old British Shorthair cat was diagnosed with pemphigus foliaceus (PF) and was initially treated with methylprednisolone (0.7 mg/kg q12h), which possibly resulted in congestive heart failure (CHF). Treatment was switched to dexamethasone (0.09 mg/kg q24h) and mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) (10 mg/kg q12h) was added as a steroid-sparing agent. Although dexamethasone was slowly tapered off, MMF alone successfully maintained PF in remission. After 15 weeks of treatment, blood tests showed neutropenia and thrombocytopaenia. MMF dose reduction (10 mg/kg q24h) resulted in the normalisation of haematological parameters, although a mild flare of PF occurred. The reintroduction of dexamethasone (0.09 mg/kg twice weekly) rapidly restored disease control. MMF (10 mg/kg q24h) and dexamethasone (0.045 mg/kg twice weekly) were continued as maintenance therapy. After 36 weeks, the cat remained in clinical remission without further complications.

Relevance and novel information: To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first case report to describe the use of MMF in a cat with PF. MMF was well tolerated and it was able to manage clinical signs even after the discontinuation of corticosteroids. Since mild and reversible haematological abnormalities were observed, careful monitoring during MMF administration is recommended. In this case, MMF dose reductions led to flares requiring a temporary reintroduction of corticosteroids to maintain disease control. MMF could be useful as an alternative treatment in cats affected by comorbidities where corticosteroid monotherapy would pose risks.

Case series summary: Factor XII (FXII) deficiency is a rare autosomal recessive genetic disorder in cats, leading to singular prolonged activated partial thromboplastin clotting time (aPTT) without increased bleeding risk. This case series describes two cats diagnosed with FXII deficiency using the ClotPro system, a point-of-care viscoelastic coagulation test. Both cats exhibited significantly prolonged aPTT and intrinsic pathway clotting time but maintained normal clot strength, as indicated by thromboelastography (TEG). FXII deficiency was confirmed through quantitative ELISA measurement. Despite prolonged clotting times, the cats did not demonstrate clinical bleeding, suggesting that FXII deficiency does not increase bleeding risk. However, larger controlled studies are necessary to further investigate the utility of TEG in cats with FXII deficiency or other coagulation disorders.

Relevance and novel information: This study addresses the diagnostic challenges associated with FXII deficiency, a condition that can lead to misinterpretation of coagulation results and unnecessary treatments. It highlights the application of the ClotPro system in feline medicine, providing deeper insights into coagulation dynamics and confirming that FXII deficiency does not inherently increase bleeding risk despite prolonged clotting times.

Case summary: A 4-year-old male castrated Ragdoll cat presented for generalised seizures. The cat displayed hyporexia, lethargy and hiding behaviour 24-48 h before presentation. The cat had a chronic history of daily vomiting and tachypnoea for 12 months. Severe hypoglycaemia was noted at 1.8 mmol/l (reference interval 4.11-8.84) on initial presentation. The hypoglycaemia persisted despite multiple glucose boluses, resulting in the cat being treated with a glucose and glucagon continuous rate infusion. The cat underwent extensive diagnostic evaluation during hospitalisation, consisting of serial venous blood gas assessment, haematology and biochemistry analysis, urinalysis, serum insulin assay, resting cortisol, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) stimulation test, abdominal and thoracic imaging, and airway culture. A resting cortisol level of <14 nmol/l was obtained on day 2 of hospitalisation with a follow-up ACTH-stimulation test reporting a baseline cortisol of <28 nmol/l and a 1 h post-ACTH cortisol of 7 nmol/l, supporting a diagnosis of hypoadrenocorticism. The cat was successfully treated with glucocorticoid therapy and discharged home 8 days after initial presentation.

Relevance and novel information: There are limited cases of feline hypoadrenocorticism present in the literature, most of which describe cats with both glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid deficiency. Only two previous case reports of feline atypical hypoadrenocorticism exist. Only one of these case reports describes hypoglycaemia with signs of neuroglycopaenia on initial presentation. To the author's knowledge, this is the first successfully treated case of atypical hypoadrenocorticism presenting with hypoglycaemic seizures in a cat, demonstrating successful long-term management.