F. Gibelli, Paolo Bailo, A. Caraffa, José López Guzmán, Giovanna Ricci
Background: the administration of puberty blockers to adolescents with gender dysphoria has ignited significant bioethical controversy, especially in light of recent legislative changes in the United States, Australia and several European states, especially the UK, which in March 2024 permanently banned the administration of puberty blockers to children. Italy and Spain, with their distinct legal, cultural, and medical approaches to treating gender dysphoria in minors, serve as focal points for examining these complex issues. Aims: this article aims to explore the bioethical and medico-legal implications of using puberty blockers in adolescents with gender dysphoria, focusing on the regulatory frameworks in Italy and Spain. It seeks to contribute to the international dialogue on best practices for supporting adolescents with gender dysphoria by comparing these two countries’ approaches. Discussion: in recent years in many European states there has been an important evolution in the position on hormone blockade therapy for minors with gender dysphoria, having gone from open policies on puberty blockade treatment to decidedly more restrictive positions. In Italy, the debate on the legitimacy of authorising treatment has been lively for several years, and in the last year has become even more intense due to the decisions taken by countries such as Finland, Sweden, Norway and the United Kingdom. In Spain, a landmark law on trans rights was passed in 2023, but it did not directly regulate hormone-blocking treatment in adolescents with gender dysphoria, which only made an already intense debate even more heated. Conclusion: it is essential to recognise the complexity of gender identity in adolescents and adopt an inclusive approach that considers medical, legal, ethical and social implications. The dynamic nature of the debate on the use of puberty blockers requires ongoing international dialogue. Policy analysis from Italy and Spain can inform best practice globally, promoting inclusive guidelines that prioritise adolescent welfare by addressing the complex bioethical, medico-legal and scientific issues related to the use of puberty blockers.
{"title":"Medico-legal and bioethical controversies of the use of puberty blockers in adolescents with gender dysphoria: a comparative perspective between Italy and Spain","authors":"F. Gibelli, Paolo Bailo, A. Caraffa, José López Guzmán, Giovanna Ricci","doi":"10.4081/mem.2024.1294","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/mem.2024.1294","url":null,"abstract":"Background: the administration of puberty blockers to adolescents with gender dysphoria has ignited significant bioethical controversy, especially in light of recent legislative changes in the United States, Australia and several European states, especially the UK, which in March 2024 permanently banned the administration of puberty blockers to children. Italy and Spain, with their distinct legal, cultural, and medical approaches to treating gender dysphoria in minors, serve as focal points for examining these complex issues. Aims: this article aims to explore the bioethical and medico-legal implications of using puberty blockers in adolescents with gender dysphoria, focusing on the regulatory frameworks in Italy and Spain. It seeks to contribute to the international dialogue on best practices for supporting adolescents with gender dysphoria by comparing these two countries’ approaches. Discussion: in recent years in many European states there has been an important evolution in the position on hormone blockade therapy for minors with gender dysphoria, having gone from open policies on puberty blockade treatment to decidedly more restrictive positions. In Italy, the debate on the legitimacy of authorising treatment has been lively for several years, and in the last year has become even more intense due to the decisions taken by countries such as Finland, Sweden, Norway and the United Kingdom. In Spain, a landmark law on trans rights was passed in 2023, but it did not directly regulate hormone-blocking treatment in adolescents with gender dysphoria, which only made an already intense debate even more heated. Conclusion: it is essential to recognise the complexity of gender identity in adolescents and adopt an inclusive approach that considers medical, legal, ethical and social implications. The dynamic nature of the debate on the use of puberty blockers requires ongoing international dialogue. Policy analysis from Italy and Spain can inform best practice globally, promoting inclusive guidelines that prioritise adolescent welfare by addressing the complex bioethical, medico-legal and scientific issues related to the use of puberty blockers.","PeriodicalId":36708,"journal":{"name":"Medicina e Morale","volume":"28 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141815623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe recently returned to the issue of the legal protection of human embryos and fetuses. As twice before in the recent past, the collaboration of the Committees on Science and Technology, Social Problems, Health and Family, and Legal Affairs resulted in a recommendation, which stands as a further step in identifying the basic principles of the future domestic and international regulation of intrauterine life.
{"title":"The international protection of the embryo and fetus","authors":"Michelangela Scalabrino Spadea","doi":"10.4081/mem.1989.1288","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/mem.1989.1288","url":null,"abstract":"The Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe recently returned to the issue of the legal protection of human embryos and fetuses. As twice before in the recent past, the collaboration of the Committees on Science and Technology, Social Problems, Health and Family, and Legal Affairs resulted in a recommendation, which stands as a further step in identifying the basic principles of the future domestic and international regulation of intrauterine life.","PeriodicalId":36708,"journal":{"name":"Medicina e Morale","volume":" 588","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141823550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The medicalization of social problems: The case of Brazil","authors":"Michel Schooyans","doi":"10.4081/mem.1989.1289","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/mem.1989.1289","url":null,"abstract":"Not available","PeriodicalId":36708,"journal":{"name":"Medicina e Morale","volume":" 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141822565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Comitato Direttivo del Centro di Bioetica della Università Cattolica
The Steering Committee of the Center for Bioethics of the Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, composed of twenty specialists, university professors, of biome- dical, philosophical and juridical disciplines, has deepened during numerous meetings, the theme of the identity and status of the human embryo, following the publication of the Instruction “Donum Vitae” of 22.2.1987 and in view of the numerous studies and debates being carried out by scholars and specialists in every country. At the meeting of14.4.1989, the text that we are publishing on behalf of and by man- given by the Committee itself was approved. This text, made public on22.6.1989, necessarily syn- tetic will be taken up with more analytical studies in our own journal or in subsequent publications.
{"title":"Identity and status of the human embryo","authors":"Comitato Direttivo del Centro di Bioetica della Università Cattolica","doi":"10.4081/mem.1989.1285","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/mem.1989.1285","url":null,"abstract":"The Steering Committee of the Center for Bioethics of the Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, composed of twenty specialists, university professors, of biome- dical, philosophical and juridical disciplines, has deepened during numerous meetings, the theme of the identity and status of the human embryo, following the publication of the Instruction “Donum Vitae” of 22.2.1987 and in view of the numerous studies and debates being carried out by scholars and specialists in every country. At the meeting of14.4.1989, the text that we are publishing on behalf of and by man- given by the Committee itself was approved. This text, made public on22.6.1989, necessarily syn- tetic will be taken up with more analytical studies in our own journal or in subsequent publications.","PeriodicalId":36708,"journal":{"name":"Medicina e Morale","volume":" 45","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141827720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Human rights and medicine","authors":"E. Sgreccia","doi":"10.4081/mem.1989.1264","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/mem.1989.1264","url":null,"abstract":"Not available.","PeriodicalId":36708,"journal":{"name":"Medicina e Morale","volume":"55 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141648927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alcoholism represents one of the major clinical and public health problems in the world and especially in states with higher socio-economic development, where the importance and severity of the problems posed both at the level of the individual and the community. The problems are therefore enormous, yet it is only in recent years that the search for the most appropriate means of combating the phenomenon has been forced upon us. Committed more seriously to directly addressing alcoholism rather than its many consequences.
{"title":"Bioethical aspects of alcoholism","authors":"Enrico Tempesta, Ermelinda Zeppetelli","doi":"10.4081/mem.1989.1267","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/mem.1989.1267","url":null,"abstract":"Alcoholism represents one of the major clinical and public health problems in the world and especially in states with higher socio-economic development, where the importance and severity of the problems posed both at the level of the individual and the community. The problems are therefore enormous, yet it is only in recent years that the search for the most appropriate means of combating the phenomenon has been forced upon us. Committed more seriously to directly addressing alcoholism rather than its many consequences.","PeriodicalId":36708,"journal":{"name":"Medicina e Morale","volume":"81 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141647335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Every medical intervention, or more generally every medical activity, has two purposes or ethical reference values, to be protected simultaneously (they could be compared to the DNA double helix found in every cell): a) the objective value that consists of the life and health of the citizen-patient; b) the subjective value that consists of respect for the freedom-responsibility of the subject or subjects involved in the medical act. This value, considered from the patient's side, is defined as the right to consent.
每一项医疗干预，或者更笼统地说，每一项医疗活动，都有两个目的或伦理参考 价值，需要同时加以保护（可以把它们比作每个细胞中的 DNA 双螺旋结构）：a) 客观价 值，包括公民--患者的生命和健康；b) 主观价值，包括尊重医疗行为主体的自由--责 任。从病人的角度考虑，这一价值被定义为同意权。
{"title":"Human rights and bioethical indications in the prescription of psychotropic drugs","authors":"E. Sgreccia","doi":"10.4081/mem.1989.1265","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/mem.1989.1265","url":null,"abstract":"Every medical intervention, or more generally every medical activity, has two purposes or ethical reference values, to be protected simultaneously (they could be compared to the DNA double helix found in every cell): a) the objective value that consists of the life and health of the citizen-patient; b) the subjective value that consists of respect for the freedom-responsibility of the subject or subjects involved in the medical act. This value, considered from the patient's side, is defined as the right to consent.","PeriodicalId":36708,"journal":{"name":"Medicina e Morale","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141648498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Questa espressione "la cultura della vita" sta diventando un incoraggiante messaggio, carico di orientamenti etici e spirituali, ed anche di programmi operativi. È un'espressione che è diventata centrale e "sintetica" all'interno dei lavori e delle proposte del recente convegno della Chiesa Italiana "A servizio della vita umana". Ma è anche un 'espressione che viene assunta con un significato diverso dagli ecologisti e ambientalisti e infine nell'ambito delle scienze biomediche e sociali per le quali la espressione viene messa in relazione con l'altra non meno carica di suggestione "la qualità di vita".
{"title":"La qualità della vita","authors":"E. Sgreccia","doi":"10.4081/mem.1989.1277","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/mem.1989.1277","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000Questa espressione \"la cultura della vita\" sta diventando un incoraggiante messaggio, carico di orientamenti etici e spirituali, ed anche di programmi operativi. È un'espressione che è diventata centrale e \"sintetica\" all'interno dei lavori e delle proposte del recente convegno della Chiesa Italiana \"A servizio della vita umana\". Ma è anche un 'espressione che viene assunta con un significato diverso dagli ecologisti e ambientalisti e infine nell'ambito delle scienze biomediche e sociali per le quali la espressione viene messa in relazione con l'altra non meno carica di suggestione \"la qualità di vita\". \u0000 \u0000 \u0000","PeriodicalId":36708,"journal":{"name":"Medicina e Morale","volume":"34 22","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141645423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To question the moral aspect and meaning of a given behavior is to question the degree of freedom contained and expressed in it. And by freedom I mean here not only the possibility of doing what one wishes, but, much more profoundly, of building oneself up, of maturing in accordance with one's being, one's dignity and vocation as a man. That is, true freedom consists in succeeding in self-actualization in accordance with one's own nature, in being more and more and better men.
{"title":"The ethical aspects of homosexuality","authors":"Massimo Cassani","doi":"10.4081/mem.1989.1266","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/mem.1989.1266","url":null,"abstract":"To question the moral aspect and meaning of a given behavior is to question the degree of freedom contained and expressed in it. And by freedom I mean here not only the possibility of doing what one wishes, but, much more profoundly, of building oneself up, of maturing in accordance with one's being, one's dignity and vocation as a man. That is, true freedom consists in succeeding in self-actualization in accordance with one's own nature, in being more and more and better men.","PeriodicalId":36708,"journal":{"name":"Medicina e Morale","volume":"25 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141649302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
It is inevitable today, speaking of AIDS, not to reopen a series of social, health and ethical-moral issues that we know as negative features of the current models of advanced society. The problem of drug use and abuse together with the radical changes that have taken place in sexual mores in recent decades make this pathology, today still without a precise therapeutic solution, the sounding board of issues that strain the social balances of modern Western societies.
{"title":"Drug addiction and acquired immune deficiency syndrome","authors":"Massimo Giuliani","doi":"10.4081/mem.1989.1275","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/mem.1989.1275","url":null,"abstract":"It is inevitable today, speaking of AIDS, not to reopen a series of social, health and ethical-moral issues that we know as negative features of the current models of advanced society. The problem of drug use and abuse together with the radical changes that have taken place in sexual mores in recent decades make this pathology, today still without a precise therapeutic solution, the sounding board of issues that strain the social balances of modern Western societies.","PeriodicalId":36708,"journal":{"name":"Medicina e Morale","volume":"36 22","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141645392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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