Pub Date : 2023-07-31DOI: 10.17990/rpf/2023_79_1_0341
Médéric Saucey
From the perspective of Analytical Thomism, we show that astonishment is a cognitive emotion by which we can inquire into the cause of the effects at which we are astonished. Like Descartes after him, Thomas Aquinas remarks, however, that not all astonishment is good. It is therefore up to consider the epistemic virtues by requested we will be able to live a legitimate astonishment. We distinguish three: one by intellectual attention which causes astonishment; on the other hand, the intellectual docility which directs it; and finally the intellectual benevolence which preserves it.
{"title":"Les vertus épistémiques de l’étonnement","authors":"Médéric Saucey","doi":"10.17990/rpf/2023_79_1_0341","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17990/rpf/2023_79_1_0341","url":null,"abstract":"From the perspective of Analytical Thomism, we show that astonishment is a cognitive emotion by which we can inquire into the cause of the effects at which we are astonished. Like Descartes after him, Thomas Aquinas remarks, however, that not all astonishment is good. It is therefore up to consider the epistemic virtues by requested we will be able to live a legitimate astonishment. We distinguish three: one by intellectual attention which causes astonishment; on the other hand, the intellectual docility which directs it; and finally the intellectual benevolence which preserves it.","PeriodicalId":36725,"journal":{"name":"Revista Portuguesa de Filosofia","volume":"80 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135315358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-31DOI: 10.17990/rpf/2023_79_1_0709
Nathan Luis Cartagena
This paper raises an uncommon question: What can studying Thomas Aquinas and Critical Race Theory teach us about failures to promote mercy across the color-line? I answer this question in five stages. After locating Thomas’s teachings on mercy and its impediments within his masterwork, the Summa theologiae, I excavate Thomas’s account of mercy’s impediments. Next, I address the question “What is CRT?” Then I examine a foundational CRT text’s analysis of mercy’s impediments. Lastly, I offer a proposal for further Thomas-CRT collaborations.
{"title":"Mercy’s Impediments: Thomas Aquinas and Critical Race Theory in Dialogue","authors":"Nathan Luis Cartagena","doi":"10.17990/rpf/2023_79_1_0709","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17990/rpf/2023_79_1_0709","url":null,"abstract":"This paper raises an uncommon question: What can studying Thomas Aquinas and Critical Race Theory teach us about failures to promote mercy across the color-line? I answer this question in five stages. After locating Thomas’s teachings on mercy and its impediments within his masterwork, the Summa theologiae, I excavate Thomas’s account of mercy’s impediments. Next, I address the question “What is CRT?” Then I examine a foundational CRT text’s analysis of mercy’s impediments. Lastly, I offer a proposal for further Thomas-CRT collaborations.","PeriodicalId":36725,"journal":{"name":"Revista Portuguesa de Filosofia","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135314859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-31DOI: 10.17990/rpf/2023_79_1_0285
Maria Leonor Xavier
This essay was born out of two astonishments: an admiration and a perplexity. On the one hand, this essay was born out of our admiration for the text of the question De aeternitate mundi, written by St. Thomas Aquinas in the full maturity of his thought (1271). It is a philosophically exemplary text, in terms of construction and discernment, in which the author argues that there is no contradiction between the theology of creation and the possibility of an eternal world, in accordance with Aristotelian physics. On the other hand, we were also motivated by our perplexity with the difficulty that even today the Christian faith in creation experiences in dealing with the Darwinian theory of evolution. It occurred to us, then, to elaborate a question of evolution, entirely analogous, in construction and in discernment, to the question of the eternity of the world, as it had been thought of by St. Thomas Aquinas. Thus, we also argue here that there is no contradiction between the theology of creation and the possibility of a world in evolution, according to Darwin’s biological theory. And we do this by following the structure of the Thomasian question step by step.
{"title":"Eternidade do Mundo e Evolução: Duas Questões e uma Análise de tipo Tomista","authors":"Maria Leonor Xavier","doi":"10.17990/rpf/2023_79_1_0285","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17990/rpf/2023_79_1_0285","url":null,"abstract":"This essay was born out of two astonishments: an admiration and a perplexity. On the one hand, this essay was born out of our admiration for the text of the question De aeternitate mundi, written by St. Thomas Aquinas in the full maturity of his thought (1271). It is a philosophically exemplary text, in terms of construction and discernment, in which the author argues that there is no contradiction between the theology of creation and the possibility of an eternal world, in accordance with Aristotelian physics. On the other hand, we were also motivated by our perplexity with the difficulty that even today the Christian faith in creation experiences in dealing with the Darwinian theory of evolution. It occurred to us, then, to elaborate a question of evolution, entirely analogous, in construction and in discernment, to the question of the eternity of the world, as it had been thought of by St. Thomas Aquinas. Thus, we also argue here that there is no contradiction between the theology of creation and the possibility of a world in evolution, according to Darwin’s biological theory. And we do this by following the structure of the Thomasian question step by step.","PeriodicalId":36725,"journal":{"name":"Revista Portuguesa de Filosofia","volume":"143 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135314774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-31DOI: 10.17990/rpf/2023_79_1_0261
Tom Angier
In this paper, I tackle Aquinas’s notion of ‘natural inclinations’, specifically as it occurs in his seminal elaboration of the natural law in Summa Theologiae I-II. Question 94. Article 2. Maintaining that it constitutes a departure from Aristotle’s terminology, and is hence puzzling, I go on to investigate a raft of modern, mainly Anglophone, interpretations of the concept. Beginning with Jacques Maritain, I move through the broadly chronological sequence of John Finnis, Jean Porter, Steven Jensen, Justin Matchulat and Stephen Brock. In each case, I argue that – despite these scholars’ philosophical ingenuity and textual facility – there are crucial problems with their respective approaches and construals. I end the paper by outlining my own construal of ‘natural inclinations’, which, even if not bolstered by heavy textual scholarship, is at least coherent and, moreover, avoids the philosophical pitfalls of the above interpretations.
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Pub Date : 2023-07-31DOI: 10.17990/rpf/2023_79_1_0233
Mirela Oliva
Does the fine-tuning of the universe for life continue in the afterlife? Aquinas would answer yes. In his view, the cosmic conditions post-apocalypse are set to support the resurrected body and the sensible knowledge of God’s majesty as reflected in the renewed material creature. The renewed universe is, thus, fine-tuned for immortal human life. In the first part, I present Aquinas’ version of fine-tuning, referring to earthly life and the afterlife. I distinguish between two modes of fine-tuning: organic and cognitive. In the second part, I analyze the characteristics of the universe post-apocalypse in connection with the resurrected body in general and the qualities of the blessed body in particular.
{"title":"Fine-tuning and the Afterlife in Aquinas","authors":"Mirela Oliva","doi":"10.17990/rpf/2023_79_1_0233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17990/rpf/2023_79_1_0233","url":null,"abstract":"Does the fine-tuning of the universe for life continue in the afterlife? Aquinas would answer yes. In his view, the cosmic conditions post-apocalypse are set to support the resurrected body and the sensible knowledge of God’s majesty as reflected in the renewed material creature. The renewed universe is, thus, fine-tuned for immortal human life. In the first part, I present Aquinas’ version of fine-tuning, referring to earthly life and the afterlife. I distinguish between two modes of fine-tuning: organic and cognitive. In the second part, I analyze the characteristics of the universe post-apocalypse in connection with the resurrected body in general and the qualities of the blessed body in particular.","PeriodicalId":36725,"journal":{"name":"Revista Portuguesa de Filosofia","volume":"133 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135314778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-31DOI: 10.17990/rpf/2023_79_1_0807
Ricardo Barroso Batista, Bruno Nobre
The current year of 2023 marks the 700th anniversary of the canonization of Thomas Aquinas (1323-2023), a key figure in Western philosophy and Christian theology. This commemorative evocation seeks to honor Aquinas by examining his monumental contributions to various domains of knowledge, highlighting his methodological rigor, and outlining the enduring relevance of his work for contemporary philosophical and theological discourse.
{"title":"The 700th Anniversary of the Canonization of Thomas Aquinas: A Legacy of Wisdom","authors":"Ricardo Barroso Batista, Bruno Nobre","doi":"10.17990/rpf/2023_79_1_0807","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17990/rpf/2023_79_1_0807","url":null,"abstract":"The current year of 2023 marks the 700th anniversary of the canonization of Thomas Aquinas (1323-2023), a key figure in Western philosophy and Christian theology. This commemorative evocation seeks to honor Aquinas by examining his monumental contributions to various domains of knowledge, highlighting his methodological rigor, and outlining the enduring relevance of his work for contemporary philosophical and theological discourse.","PeriodicalId":36725,"journal":{"name":"Revista Portuguesa de Filosofia","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135314862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-31DOI: 10.17990/rpf/2023_79_1_0429
Margarita Mauri
In Nicomachean Ethics IV Aristotle exposes the characteristics of the moral virtue of the μεγαλοψυχία and offers a detailed description of the conditions of the magnanimous. St. Thomas in his commentary on Ethics follows the Aristotelian text apparently without disagreeing with the Greek author, and completes this exposition with other texts found in the Summa Theologica. The aim of this paper is to highlight the differences, if there are any, between the Aristotelian conception of the μεγαλοψυχία and that of Saint Thomas, considering also whether the virtue of humility that appears in the Thomist texts can be equated to the vice of the pusillanimity of which Aristotle speaks.
在《尼各马可伦理学》第四章中，亚里士多德揭示了μεγα - λο ο ο的道德德性特征，并详细描述了宽宏大量的条件。圣托马斯在他的评论伦理学遵循亚里士多德的文本显然没有不同意希腊作者，并完成与其他文本在神学大全发现这个说明。本文的目的是强调差异，如果有的话，亚里士多德的μεγα - λο ο ο的概念和圣托马斯的概念之间的差异，也考虑到在托马斯主义文本中出现的谦卑的美德是否可以等同于亚里士多德所说的懦弱的缺点。
{"title":"Aristóteles y Santo Tomás: la virtud de la magnanimidad","authors":"Margarita Mauri","doi":"10.17990/rpf/2023_79_1_0429","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17990/rpf/2023_79_1_0429","url":null,"abstract":"In Nicomachean Ethics IV Aristotle exposes the characteristics of the moral virtue of the μεγαλοψυχία and offers a detailed description of the conditions of the magnanimous. St. Thomas in his commentary on Ethics follows the Aristotelian text apparently without disagreeing with the Greek author, and completes this exposition with other texts found in the Summa Theologica. The aim of this paper is to highlight the differences, if there are any, between the Aristotelian conception of the μεγαλοψυχία and that of Saint Thomas, considering also whether the virtue of humility that appears in the Thomist texts can be equated to the vice of the pusillanimity of which Aristotle speaks.","PeriodicalId":36725,"journal":{"name":"Revista Portuguesa de Filosofia","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135314869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-31DOI: 10.17990/rpf/2023_79_1_0693
Helena B. Catalão
The primary objective of this study is to revisit Thomas Aquinas’ notion of justice in light of the author’s own considerations regarding false testimony, specifically in its relation to sin. The intention is to emphasize, within the philosopher, theologian, and advisor’s thinking, the non-sacrificial dimension of justice, which aligns with a testimonial view of cultural evolution and, consequently, philosophical and theological thought. These topics will be addressed through an examination of the discussion surrounding antisemitism in S. Thomas Aquinas, a discussion conducted and explored by Hippolyte Gayraud in his book titled L’Antisémitisme de Saint Thomas D’Aquin (The Antisemitism of Saint Thomas Aquinas).
{"title":"Thomas d’Aquin dans les Ténèbres de l’Antisémitisme.Considérations sur le faux témoignage dans la théorie de la justice","authors":"Helena B. Catalão","doi":"10.17990/rpf/2023_79_1_0693","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17990/rpf/2023_79_1_0693","url":null,"abstract":"The primary objective of this study is to revisit Thomas Aquinas’ notion of justice in light of the author’s own considerations regarding false testimony, specifically in its relation to sin. The intention is to emphasize, within the philosopher, theologian, and advisor’s thinking, the non-sacrificial dimension of justice, which aligns with a testimonial view of cultural evolution and, consequently, philosophical and theological thought. These topics will be addressed through an examination of the discussion surrounding antisemitism in S. Thomas Aquinas, a discussion conducted and explored by Hippolyte Gayraud in his book titled L’Antisémitisme de Saint Thomas D’Aquin (The Antisemitism of Saint Thomas Aquinas).","PeriodicalId":36725,"journal":{"name":"Revista Portuguesa de Filosofia","volume":"135 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135314770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-31DOI: 10.17990/rpf/2023_79_1_0509
Andreas Gonçalves Lind, Dominique Lambert
The commemoration of the 700th anniversary of the canonization of Thomas Aquinas (1225-1274) as well as the fiftieth anniversary of the death of Jacques Maritain (1882-1973) present an opportunity to re-examine the neo-Thomism of the contemporary French philosopher. Our aim here will be to set out the philosophical argument from which Maritain establishes an inseparable link between human rights (i.e., the dignity of the human person) and natural law. We will thus seek to expose how Maritain supports democracy from the horizon of Christian philosophy. In doing so, the Thomistic democracy that Maritain proposes will appear to be distant from both totalitarian collectivism and anarchistic individualism, two current threats to the establishment of an authentic and mature democracy.
{"title":"L’actualité de la pensée politique de Jacques Maritain cinquante ans après sa mort","authors":"Andreas Gonçalves Lind, Dominique Lambert","doi":"10.17990/rpf/2023_79_1_0509","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17990/rpf/2023_79_1_0509","url":null,"abstract":"The commemoration of the 700th anniversary of the canonization of Thomas Aquinas (1225-1274) as well as the fiftieth anniversary of the death of Jacques Maritain (1882-1973) present an opportunity to re-examine the neo-Thomism of the contemporary French philosopher. Our aim here will be to set out the philosophical argument from which Maritain establishes an inseparable link between human rights (i.e., the dignity of the human person) and natural law. We will thus seek to expose how Maritain supports democracy from the horizon of Christian philosophy. In doing so, the Thomistic democracy that Maritain proposes will appear to be distant from both totalitarian collectivism and anarchistic individualism, two current threats to the establishment of an authentic and mature democracy.","PeriodicalId":36725,"journal":{"name":"Revista Portuguesa de Filosofia","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135315353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-31DOI: 10.17990/rpf/2023_79_1_0189
Luca Gili
According to both Jaakko Hintikka and Simo Knuuttila, Aquinas’ third way to demonstrate that God exists presupposes the acceptance of the principle of plenitude, i.e., of the claim that all possibilities are realized at some time. Aquinas, however, maintained elsewhere that not all possibilities are always realized, and the coherence of his philosophical project may be called into question if one were to accept Hintikka’s and Knuuttila’s reading of the third way. In this paper, I argue that it is difficult to present the third way without invoking the principle of plenitude in Hintikka’s formulation. The corollary of this claim is that third way cannot be a demonstration within the philosophical system outlined by Aquinas, despite his claim to the contrary. Against the backdrop of this exegetical discussion, it is possible to rephrase Aquinas’ third way as a probabilistic argument that shows that God’s existence is highly likely, although not necessarily proven.
{"title":"“Quod possibile est non esse quandoque non est”. Aquinas’ Third Way in the light of Hintikka’s Principle of Plenitude","authors":"Luca Gili","doi":"10.17990/rpf/2023_79_1_0189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17990/rpf/2023_79_1_0189","url":null,"abstract":"According to both Jaakko Hintikka and Simo Knuuttila, Aquinas’ third way to demonstrate that God exists presupposes the acceptance of the principle of plenitude, i.e., of the claim that all possibilities are realized at some time. Aquinas, however, maintained elsewhere that not all possibilities are always realized, and the coherence of his philosophical project may be called into question if one were to accept Hintikka’s and Knuuttila’s reading of the third way. In this paper, I argue that it is difficult to present the third way without invoking the principle of plenitude in Hintikka’s formulation. The corollary of this claim is that third way cannot be a demonstration within the philosophical system outlined by Aquinas, despite his claim to the contrary. Against the backdrop of this exegetical discussion, it is possible to rephrase Aquinas’ third way as a probabilistic argument that shows that God’s existence is highly likely, although not necessarily proven.","PeriodicalId":36725,"journal":{"name":"Revista Portuguesa de Filosofia","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135314773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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