Pub Date : 2022-08-12DOI: 10.17990/rpf/2022_78_3_0825
Daniel Neumann
This paper investigates Hedwig Conrad-Martius’ theory of representation, which is unique in that it introduces a method of ideation that is completely different from the one of transcendental phenomenology. Instead of separating the essence from the individual real entity through reduction, Conrad-Martius’ method of representation elucidates what constitutes the reality of the actual individual. In a representation, we can explore and play with our receptivity to the self-emergence of reality by observing the different ways in which our representations themselves appear as real. I will discuss this access to reality as a realistic phenomenological method not just in terms of lived experience, but also as eidetic reduction. My thesis is that Conrad-Martius’ theory of representation allows for conceiving how essences, as the immutable features of reality beyond surface perception, can be addressed by intuition, viz. representation. In a second step, a shift in Conrad-Martius’ thinking towards the constitution of reality in itself is discussed based on her second major work, Realontologie. Thirdly, Conrad-Martius’ theory of representation is roughly contrasted with Husserl’s to further elucidate what constitutes the “really real” in her phenomenology beyond the simple alternative between idealism and realism.
{"title":"How to See the Essential. Hedwig Conrad Martius’ Theory of Representation","authors":"Daniel Neumann","doi":"10.17990/rpf/2022_78_3_0825","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17990/rpf/2022_78_3_0825","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates Hedwig Conrad-Martius’ theory of representation, which is unique in that it introduces a method of ideation that is completely different from the one of transcendental phenomenology. Instead of separating the essence from the individual real entity through reduction, Conrad-Martius’ method of representation elucidates what constitutes the reality of the actual individual. In a representation, we can explore and play with our receptivity to the self-emergence of reality by observing the different ways in which our representations themselves appear as real. I will discuss this access to reality as a realistic phenomenological method not just in terms of lived experience, but also as eidetic reduction. My thesis is that Conrad-Martius’ theory of representation allows for conceiving how essences, as the immutable features of reality beyond surface perception, can be addressed by intuition, viz. representation. In a second step, a shift in Conrad-Martius’ thinking towards the constitution of reality in itself is discussed based on her second major work, Realontologie. Thirdly, Conrad-Martius’ theory of representation is roughly contrasted with Husserl’s to further elucidate what constitutes the “really real” in her phenomenology beyond the simple alternative between idealism and realism.","PeriodicalId":36725,"journal":{"name":"Revista Portuguesa de Filosofia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47449924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-12DOI: 10.17990/rpf/2022_78_3_0953
Ciro Adinolfi
Edmund Husserl has certainly been one of the first important sources of Sartrean philosophy. Despite having been very critical of many aspects of Husserl’s thought once adopted his positions, the French philosopher has a great debt with the father of phenomenology. In this paper, which is a development of a section of our doctoral thesis, we will firstly try to explore Husserl’s key concepts, so that the fundamental aspects of his philosophy can be clarified and understood in their own meaning. Secondly, we will explain why Sartre adopted some of them, refusing others instead. Once done that, in a third moment we will be able to comprehend that Sartre was not only trying to criticize, but he strongly wanted to re-elaborate Husserlian phenomenology, in order to explore consciousness in an original way. In the end, we will discover why intentionality is the key element of this Sartrean turn, thanks to which the concepts of Ego and consciousness became the roots of his later thought.
{"title":"La ricezione critica del pensiero husserliano nel primo Sartre. Intenzionalità, Ego e coscienza","authors":"Ciro Adinolfi","doi":"10.17990/rpf/2022_78_3_0953","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17990/rpf/2022_78_3_0953","url":null,"abstract":"Edmund Husserl has certainly been one of the first important sources of Sartrean philosophy. Despite having been very critical of many aspects of Husserl’s thought once adopted his positions, the French philosopher has a great debt with the father of phenomenology. In this paper, which is a development of a section of our doctoral thesis, we will firstly try to explore Husserl’s key concepts, so that the fundamental aspects of his philosophy can be clarified and understood in their own meaning. Secondly, we will explain why Sartre adopted some of them, refusing others instead. Once done that, in a third moment we will be able to comprehend that Sartre was not only trying to criticize, but he strongly wanted to re-elaborate Husserlian phenomenology, in order to explore consciousness in an original way. In the end, we will discover why intentionality is the key element of this Sartrean turn, thanks to which the concepts of Ego and consciousness became the roots of his later thought.","PeriodicalId":36725,"journal":{"name":"Revista Portuguesa de Filosofia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41542062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-12DOI: 10.17990/rpf/2022_78_3_0697
P. Ide
This article seeks to show the relevance of a metaphysics of love. The first part proposes a state of the art, establishing that current philosophers are increasingly interested in love, and even that some have proposed a metaphysical approach that remains more programmatic than effective. The second part shows an unexpected convergence between ten aporias posed by love and those questioning metaphysics. The third part confronts the fifth aporia – is love free or self-interested? The third part confronts the fifth aporia – is love gratuitous or self-interested? –, to decide in favor of disinterestedness, while recognizing its completion in the reciprocity or communion of persons.
{"title":"Prolégomènes à une métaphysique de l’amour. Sources et ressources","authors":"P. Ide","doi":"10.17990/rpf/2022_78_3_0697","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17990/rpf/2022_78_3_0697","url":null,"abstract":"This article seeks to show the relevance of a metaphysics of love. The first part proposes a state of the art, establishing that current philosophers are increasingly interested in love, and even that some have proposed a metaphysical approach that remains more programmatic than effective. The second part shows an unexpected convergence between ten aporias posed by love and those questioning metaphysics. The third part confronts the fifth aporia – is love free or self-interested? The third part confronts the fifth aporia – is love gratuitous or self-interested? –, to decide in favor of disinterestedness, while recognizing its completion in the reciprocity or communion of persons.","PeriodicalId":36725,"journal":{"name":"Revista Portuguesa de Filosofia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43660439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-12DOI: 10.17990/rpf/2022_78_3_1151
R. Batista
{"title":"Book Review - Quintero, Catalina González. Academic Skepticism in Hume and Kant. A Ciceronian Critique of Metaphysics. Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science. Cham: Springer Nature, 2022.","authors":"R. Batista","doi":"10.17990/rpf/2022_78_3_1151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17990/rpf/2022_78_3_1151","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36725,"journal":{"name":"Revista Portuguesa de Filosofia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42307505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-12DOI: 10.17990/rpf/2022_78_3_1115
Tito Marques Palmeiro
The pandemic made room for a series of denialist behaviors and speeches that sought to deny the need for social distancing. For this reason, its legacy amounts to the thousands of deaths that could have been avoided. Based on the analysis of texts by Heidegger, excerpts from the tradition and poems by the Brazilian poet Carlos Drummond de Andrade, this study will show that denialism takes root in profound tendencies of our tradition, and shows that its criteria are not adequate to the event of pandemic. Its main objective is to propose a new measure through which we can come to think, together, about this terrible legacy that lies ahead for all of us.
{"title":"Os nossos corpos e o legado da pandemia. Uma leitura de Heidegger e Drummond de Andrade","authors":"Tito Marques Palmeiro","doi":"10.17990/rpf/2022_78_3_1115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17990/rpf/2022_78_3_1115","url":null,"abstract":"The pandemic made room for a series of denialist behaviors and speeches that sought to deny the need for social distancing. For this reason, its legacy amounts to the thousands of deaths that could have been avoided. Based on the analysis of texts by Heidegger, excerpts from the tradition and poems by the Brazilian poet Carlos Drummond de Andrade, this study will show that denialism takes root in profound tendencies of our tradition, and shows that its criteria are not adequate to the event of pandemic. Its main objective is to propose a new measure through which we can come to think, together, about this terrible legacy that lies ahead for all of us.","PeriodicalId":36725,"journal":{"name":"Revista Portuguesa de Filosofia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44118656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-12DOI: 10.17990/rpf/2022_78_3_1049
Gaetano Chiurazzi
According to the doctrine set out in Book X of the Republic, art is for Plato three degrees far from truth. This doctrine is based on the representative character of art: in his productions, the artist takes sensible things and not the ideas as his model, and ignores the use of the objects that the craftsman produces. In the essay The Origin of the Work of Art, Heidegger completely reverses this Platonic hierarchy. The essay seems to be an indirect response to Plato, as it discusses exactly the distinctions Plato draws, between natural object (the idea, which is “by nature”), object of use and work of art. The work of art – even when it imitates an object of use, as in the case of van Gogh’s painting of a pair of shoes – is for Heidegger the “setting-itself-to-work of truth”, because it shows the primarily ontological character of every work: its fabrication, that is, its historical being. The truth of the work of art lies in its historical character, and the work of art is the happening of truth because, more than any other object, its essence consists precisely in showing the temporal character as the essence of every object, even the natural ones.
{"title":"Obra de arte e verdade: Sobre a inversão de Heidegger da estética de Platão","authors":"Gaetano Chiurazzi","doi":"10.17990/rpf/2022_78_3_1049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17990/rpf/2022_78_3_1049","url":null,"abstract":"According to the doctrine set out in Book X of the Republic, art is for Plato three degrees far from truth. This doctrine is based on the representative character of art: in his productions, the artist takes sensible things and not the ideas as his model, and ignores the use of the objects that the craftsman produces. In the essay The Origin of the Work of Art, Heidegger completely reverses this Platonic hierarchy. The essay seems to be an indirect response to Plato, as it discusses exactly the distinctions Plato draws, between natural object (the idea, which is “by nature”), object of use and work of art. The work of art – even when it imitates an object of use, as in the case of van Gogh’s painting of a pair of shoes – is for Heidegger the “setting-itself-to-work of truth”, because it shows the primarily ontological character of every work: its fabrication, that is, its historical being. The truth of the work of art lies in its historical character, and the work of art is the happening of truth because, more than any other object, its essence consists precisely in showing the temporal character as the essence of every object, even the natural ones.","PeriodicalId":36725,"journal":{"name":"Revista Portuguesa de Filosofia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48890309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-12DOI: 10.17990/rpf/2022_78_3_0877
Victor Portugal
In this article I attempt to deal with Husserl’s transcendental turn in connection with the reception by the Göttingen circle through three different aspects. My contribution aims to be chiefly historical, in order to provide a general picture of one of the most important events in the history of phenomenology, but also to enact possible systematic consequences related to the interpretation of Husserlian phenomenology after this event. First, I briefly recover the background within which Husserl erected with his Logische Untersuchungen, going over his development until the publication of his Ideen I, reconstructing the main points and features expounded in the latter that characterized transcendental phenomenology. Secondly, I put forward a general characterization of some of the main critiques raised by his students at the time, namely the concept of pure consciousness and world, as well as the performance of the phenomenological method. Thirdly, I attempt to expose, by means of Husserl’s later texts, some of his main responses to misunderstandings regarding his phenomenology.
{"title":"Göttingen contra Husserl: The Transcendental Turn and its Discontents","authors":"Victor Portugal","doi":"10.17990/rpf/2022_78_3_0877","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17990/rpf/2022_78_3_0877","url":null,"abstract":"In this article I attempt to deal with Husserl’s transcendental turn in connection with the reception by the Göttingen circle through three different aspects. My contribution aims to be chiefly historical, in order to provide a general picture of one of the most important events in the history of phenomenology, but also to enact possible systematic consequences related to the interpretation of Husserlian phenomenology after this event. First, I briefly recover the background within which Husserl erected with his Logische Untersuchungen, going over his development until the publication of his Ideen I, reconstructing the main points and features expounded in the latter that characterized transcendental phenomenology. Secondly, I put forward a general characterization of some of the main critiques raised by his students at the time, namely the concept of pure consciousness and world, as well as the performance of the phenomenological method. Thirdly, I attempt to expose, by means of Husserl’s later texts, some of his main responses to misunderstandings regarding his phenomenology.","PeriodicalId":36725,"journal":{"name":"Revista Portuguesa de Filosofia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46747922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-31DOI: 10.17990/rpf/2022_78_1_0013
Etelvina Pires Lopes Nunes, A. Lind, João Carlos Onofre Pinto
{"title":"Edith Stein: Celebrating the 80th Anniversary of Her Death","authors":"Etelvina Pires Lopes Nunes, A. Lind, João Carlos Onofre Pinto","doi":"10.17990/rpf/2022_78_1_0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17990/rpf/2022_78_1_0013","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36725,"journal":{"name":"Revista Portuguesa de Filosofia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44576748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-31DOI: 10.17990/rpf/2022_78_1_0053
Antonio Di Chiro
In this paper we will try to reconstruct, starting from Husserl’s path, the genesis of Edith Stein’s philosophical itinerary and to show that, just in her detachment from Husserl’s orthodoxy, Stein will end up opening new paths to phenomenology and to reckon with questions left open by the father of phenomenology. Therefore, we will try to show that one of the most interesting aspects of the husserlian legacy revolves around the concepts of empathy and intersubjectivity developed in Edith Stein’s reflection. Moreover, we will try to refute Paul Ricoeur’s remark that speaks of an illusion arising from all attempts of phenomenology to account for the existence of the other and, in doing so, we will see that the solution proposed by Stein is not only not disappointing at all but contributes to open the way to a phenomenology of otherness that does not merely flatten and confine the other to one’s self.
{"title":"«L’enigma dell’esistenza dell’altro». Empatia e intersoggettività in Edith Stein","authors":"Antonio Di Chiro","doi":"10.17990/rpf/2022_78_1_0053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17990/rpf/2022_78_1_0053","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we will try to reconstruct, starting from Husserl’s path, the genesis of Edith Stein’s philosophical itinerary and to show that, just in her detachment from Husserl’s orthodoxy, Stein will end up opening new paths to phenomenology and to reckon with questions left open by the father of phenomenology. Therefore, we will try to show that one of the most interesting aspects of the husserlian legacy revolves around the concepts of empathy and intersubjectivity developed in Edith Stein’s reflection. Moreover, we will try to refute Paul Ricoeur’s remark that speaks of an illusion arising from all attempts of phenomenology to account for the existence of the other and, in doing so, we will see that the solution proposed by Stein is not only not disappointing at all but contributes to open the way to a phenomenology of otherness that does not merely flatten and confine the other to one’s self.","PeriodicalId":36725,"journal":{"name":"Revista Portuguesa de Filosofia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41432366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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