Corporate branding has been a key marketing strategy for many decades, but the nature and focus of branding activities has evolved along with the interests and buying motivations of consumers, especially in the food sector. An increasing number of food companies are creating loyal customers by positioning their products in a manner that addresses concerns buyers may have about the environment, food safety, community issues and other social issues. In this study, we highlight the common themes that milk consumers may prefer to support with their buying dollars, some that are common across the whole population (animal welfare) and others that vary across distinguishable consumer segments (support for economy, environmental impact).
{"title":"How Consumers Respond to Corporate Social Responsibility Initiatives: A Cluster Analysis of Dairy Consumers","authors":"D. McFadden, Oana Deselnicu, M. Costanigro","doi":"10.22004/AG.ECON.158774","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22004/AG.ECON.158774","url":null,"abstract":"Corporate branding has been a key marketing strategy for many decades, but the nature and focus of branding activities has evolved along with the interests and buying motivations of consumers, especially in the food sector. An increasing number of food companies are creating loyal customers by positioning their products in a manner that addresses concerns buyers may have about the environment, food safety, community issues and other social issues. In this study, we highlight the common themes that milk consumers may prefer to support with their buying dollars, some that are common across the whole population (animal welfare) and others that vary across distinguishable consumer segments (support for economy, environmental impact).","PeriodicalId":36788,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Food Distribution Research","volume":"1 1","pages":"17-24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89715015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
“Locally produced” is generally defined as the production and marketing of food products within a certain geographic proximity of farmers and consumers. Locally produced sector includes business operations such as farmers’ markets, farm-to-school programs, and community supported agriculture (CSA) among others. In 2008, farm level value of locally produced agricultural products was estimated at $4.8 billion, or approximately 1.6% of the market value of agricultural products (Johnson et al., 2012). Nearly 5% of the farms of all categories took part in locally produced market. Increasing gasoline and food prices, the demand for organically produced food, the demand for fresher and higher quality foods, the desire to support local farming economies, the environmental movement and trends in horticulture research have led to growing popularity of locally produced fruits and vegetables (Roth 1999; Andreatta and Wickliffe 2002; Brown 2002). The influence of current food shopping trends local food, support for local farmers and agribusinesses, and fresh quality produce and meat are considered to be behind the strong surge of farmers who utilize direct marketing. (LeRoux et al. 2009; Mark et al. 2009) In addition to farmers markets, road-side markets and u-pick markets, producers have found direct sales to the local restaurants, food service institutions, and schools profitable marketing strategies (USDA 2001). In various studies, buyers of fresh fruits and vegetables have also reported a favorable attitude toward local production.
“本地生产”通常被定义为在农民和消费者的一定地理距离内生产和销售食品。本地生产部门包括农贸市场、农场到学校项目和社区支持农业(CSA)等商业运作。2008年，当地生产农产品的农场水平价值估计为48亿美元，约占农产品市场价值的1.6% (Johnson et al.， 2012)。近5%的各类农场参与了当地生产的市场。不断上涨的汽油和食品价格，对有机食品的需求，对更新鲜和更高质量食品的需求，支持当地农业经济的愿望，环境运动和园艺研究趋势导致当地生产的水果和蔬菜越来越受欢迎(Roth 1999;Andreatta and Wickliffe 2002;布朗2002)。据分析，利用直销方式的农户数量剧增的原因是，当地食品、对当地农民和农业企业的支持、新鲜的优质农产品和肉类等因素的影响。(LeRoux et al. 2009;Mark et al. 2009)除了农贸市场、路边市场和u-pick市场外，生产者还发现了直接向当地餐馆、食品服务机构和学校销售的有利可图的营销策略(USDA 2001)。在各种研究中，新鲜水果和蔬菜的购买者也报告了对当地生产的有利态度。
{"title":"Attitudes toward Locally Produced Food Products: Households and Food Retailers","authors":"A. Rimal, Benjamin M. Onyango","doi":"10.22004/AG.ECON.158983","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22004/AG.ECON.158983","url":null,"abstract":"“Locally produced” is generally defined as the production and marketing of food products within a certain geographic proximity of farmers and consumers. Locally produced sector includes business operations such as farmers’ markets, farm-to-school programs, and community supported agriculture (CSA) among others. In 2008, farm level value of locally produced agricultural products was estimated at $4.8 billion, or approximately 1.6% of the market value of agricultural products (Johnson et al., 2012). Nearly 5% of the farms of all categories took part in locally produced market. Increasing gasoline and food prices, the demand for organically produced food, the demand for fresher and higher quality foods, the desire to support local farming economies, the environmental movement and trends in horticulture research have led to growing popularity of locally produced fruits and vegetables (Roth 1999; Andreatta and Wickliffe 2002; Brown 2002). The influence of current food shopping trends local food, support for local farmers and agribusinesses, and fresh quality produce and meat are considered to be behind the strong surge of farmers who utilize direct marketing. (LeRoux et al. 2009; Mark et al. 2009) In addition to farmers markets, road-side markets and u-pick markets, producers have found direct sales to the local restaurants, food service institutions, and schools profitable marketing strategies (USDA 2001). In various studies, buyers of fresh fruits and vegetables have also reported a favorable attitude toward local production.","PeriodicalId":36788,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Food Distribution Research","volume":"118 1","pages":"109-111"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73147619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Houston, Audrianna A. Marzette, G. Ames, Allison J. Ames
In 2011, nearly 1.7 million Georgians, 17.9% of the population, lived in poverty, and of those, 24.8% were children. Poverty is closely associated with food insecurity. Food insecurity has been associated with various developmental consequences for U.S. children. Research indicates that hungry children do more poorly in school and have lower academic achievement because they are not well prepared for school and cannot concentrate. This research examines the relationship between food insecurity, the National School Lunch Program (NSLP) and academic achievement of 5th grade students in Georgia.
{"title":"Food Insecurity, the National School Lunch Program and Educational Achievement: Evidence from Georgia's Public Schools","authors":"J. Houston, Audrianna A. Marzette, G. Ames, Allison J. Ames","doi":"10.22004/AG.ECON.158778","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22004/AG.ECON.158778","url":null,"abstract":"In 2011, nearly 1.7 million Georgians, 17.9% of the population, lived in poverty, and of those, 24.8% were children. Poverty is closely associated with food insecurity. Food insecurity has been associated with various developmental consequences for U.S. children. Research indicates that hungry children do more poorly in school and have lower academic achievement because they are not well prepared for school and cannot concentrate. This research examines the relationship between food insecurity, the National School Lunch Program (NSLP) and academic achievement of 5th grade students in Georgia.","PeriodicalId":36788,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Food Distribution Research","volume":"280 1","pages":"33-41"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76714572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The energy drink market is one of the fastest growing markets in the non-alcoholic beverage industry. Yet, relatively little is known about this set of “new age” beverages. To fill this research void, we provide a historical perspective on this market and gather information from a local retailer located close to the campus of Texas A&M University to estimate the demand interrelationships for major energy drink brands (Full Throttle, Monster, Red Bull, and Rock-star). We employ the Barten synthetic demand system in this regard and obtain estimates of own-price, cross-price, and expenditure elasticities for the respective brands.
能量饮料市场是非酒精饮料行业中增长最快的市场之一。然而，人们对这种“新时代”饮料的了解相对较少。为了填补这一研究空白，我们提供了这个市场的历史视角，并从位于德克萨斯州A&M大学校园附近的当地零售商那里收集信息，以估计主要功能饮料品牌(Full Throttle, Monster, Red Bull和Rock-star)的需求相互关系。在这方面，我们采用了Barten综合需求系统，并获得了各自品牌的自有价格、交叉价格和支出弹性的估计。
{"title":"A Pilot Study of the Market for Energy Drinks","authors":"O. Capps, Robin D. Hanselman","doi":"10.22004/AG.ECON.158987","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22004/AG.ECON.158987","url":null,"abstract":"The energy drink market is one of the fastest growing markets in the non-alcoholic beverage industry. Yet, relatively little is known about this set of “new age” beverages. To fill this research void, we provide a historical perspective on this market and gather information from a local retailer located close to the campus of Texas A&M University to estimate the demand interrelationships for major energy drink brands (Full Throttle, Monster, Red Bull, and Rock-star). We employ the Barten synthetic demand system in this regard and obtain estimates of own-price, cross-price, and expenditure elasticities for the respective brands.","PeriodicalId":36788,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Food Distribution Research","volume":"14 1","pages":"15-29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87776826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The purpose of this study was to highlight locally grown ethnic greens and herbs purchases due to concern about food miles and associated impact on purchasing these greens and herbs. A telephone survey was conducted in 16 East Coast states and Washington D.C., May through October of 2010, to document ethnic consumers’ behavior and demand for greens and herbs traditionally used in cuisine, important to their cultures. Data collected can be used to assist small and medium-sized farmers with better understanding consumer perceptions and factors that drive ethnic greens and herbs markets.
{"title":"Increased Purchases of Locally Grown Ethnic Greens and Herbs due to Concerns about Food Miles","authors":"R. Govindasamy, V. Puduri, K. Kelley, J. Simon","doi":"10.22004/AG.ECON.158991","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22004/AG.ECON.158991","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to highlight locally grown ethnic greens and herbs purchases due to concern about food miles and associated impact on purchasing these greens and herbs. A telephone survey was conducted in 16 East Coast states and Washington D.C., May through October of 2010, to document ethnic consumers’ behavior and demand for greens and herbs traditionally used in cuisine, important to their cultures. Data collected can be used to assist small and medium-sized farmers with better understanding consumer perceptions and factors that drive ethnic greens and herbs markets.","PeriodicalId":36788,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Food Distribution Research","volume":"96 1","pages":"61-73"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80155206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Nalley, M. Popp, Zara Niederman, Jada M. Thompson
Agriculture’s significant global contribution to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions has spurred consumer and retailer mitigation interest. Biotechnology, designed to enhance the marketable portion of yield via improved disease, weed and pest management with the same or lower use of inputs, is thus well positioned to gain from producer and consumer concerns about GHG emissions. Compared to conventional sweet corn, identical lines embedded with insect control showed statistically significant higher marketable yield and no effect to lesser insecticide application. Pending seed cost and consumer acceptance of biotechnology, this should enhance returns for producers and allow marketing of multifold, consistent declines in GHG per ear.
{"title":"Greenhouse Gas Emissions Labeling for Produce: The Case of Biotech and Conventional Sweet Corn","authors":"L. Nalley, M. Popp, Zara Niederman, Jada M. Thompson","doi":"10.22004/AG.ECON.158989","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22004/AG.ECON.158989","url":null,"abstract":"Agriculture’s significant global contribution to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions has spurred consumer and retailer mitigation interest. Biotechnology, designed to enhance the marketable portion of yield via improved disease, weed and pest management with the same or lower use of inputs, is thus well positioned to gain from producer and consumer concerns about GHG emissions. Compared to conventional sweet corn, identical lines embedded with insect control showed statistically significant higher marketable yield and no effect to lesser insecticide application. Pending seed cost and consumer acceptance of biotechnology, this should enhance returns for producers and allow marketing of multifold, consistent declines in GHG per ear.","PeriodicalId":36788,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Food Distribution Research","volume":"34 1","pages":"43-60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91344436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
W. Goodwin, J. Guenthner, C. Mcintosh, A. Johnson, Philip Watson, M. Thornton
The Idaho Potato Commission funded a project to help answer the question: What would be the economic impact if the potato industry increased the minimum size for fresh potatoes? We estimate that increasing the minimum size from 4 to 5 ounces would divert about 5 million hundredweight (cwt) to dehydrators. Idaho fresh potato revenue would increase $73 million. Idaho dehydrated potato revenue would increase $18 million. The total impact would be increased revenue of $91 million. A sensitivity analysis showed that revenue increases are larger when more potatoes are diverted.
{"title":"Economic Impacts of Increasing the Minimum Size for Idaho Fresh Potatoes","authors":"W. Goodwin, J. Guenthner, C. Mcintosh, A. Johnson, Philip Watson, M. Thornton","doi":"10.22004/AG.ECON.158988","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22004/AG.ECON.158988","url":null,"abstract":"The Idaho Potato Commission funded a project to help answer the question: What would be the economic impact if the potato industry increased the minimum size for fresh potatoes? We estimate that increasing the minimum size from 4 to 5 ounces would divert about 5 million hundredweight (cwt) to dehydrators. Idaho fresh potato revenue would increase $73 million. Idaho dehydrated potato revenue would increase $18 million. The total impact would be increased revenue of $91 million. A sensitivity analysis showed that revenue increases are larger when more potatoes are diverted.","PeriodicalId":36788,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Food Distribution Research","volume":"EMC-12 3","pages":"30-42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72616741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Economist first launched the concept of the Big Mac Index in 1986 as a guide to whether currencies were at their correct exchange rate; it is not intended to be a precise predictor of currency movements around the globe, but simply a way to make exchange-rate theory and discussions a bit more digestible. First used as a humorous illustration, the term “burgernomics†was coined and the Big Mac index became an annual occurrence. It is based upon one of the oldest concepts in international economics – the theory of purchasing-power parity, which argues that the exchange rate between two currencies should in the long run move towards the rate that equalizes the prices of identical bundles of traded goods and services in each country. In other words, a dollar should buy the same amount everywhere. The reason the Big Mac Index is a better representation of world currencies is because McDonald’s Big Mac is made and distributed in over 120 countries on six continents. McDonald’s Big Mac is produced to more or less the same recipe in those countries, so the Big Mac Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) is an exchange rate that would leave hamburgers costing the same in each country, including the United States. The index can, however, be distorted by the local input costs and costs of transportation and distribution. An undergraduate course, Food and Fiber Marketing, in the Department of Agricultural and Applied Economics at the University of Georgia is attended by students enrolled in many other disciplines and colleges than the agricultural economics field. Trying to engage their different learning styles and experiences to develop interactions between the students and the instructor requires some imaginative activities. Since they all seem to enjoy eating fast food, even if not a Big Mac, using the concept of the hamburger as a common currency intrigues them. Comparing the Big Mac PPP with the actual rates signals if a currency is under- or over-valued, which provides an application to the exchange rate and trade discussions without worrying about fluctuating currency/exchange rates. For instance, after its massive currency devaluation a decade ago, Argentina had the cheapest Big Mac at 78¢, while Switzerland had the most expensive Big Mac at $3.81, against the average American price of $2.49; the Argentine peso was the most undervalued currency at the time and the Swiss franc the most overvalued
{"title":"Using The Economist’s Big Mac Index for Instruction","authors":"F. Stegelin","doi":"10.22004/AG.ECON.139458","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22004/AG.ECON.139458","url":null,"abstract":"The Economist first launched the concept of the Big Mac Index in 1986 as a guide to whether currencies were at their correct exchange rate; it is not intended to be a precise predictor of currency movements around the globe, but simply a way to make exchange-rate theory and discussions a bit more digestible. First used as a humorous illustration, the term “burgernomics†was coined and the Big Mac index became an annual occurrence. It is based upon one of the oldest concepts in international economics – the theory of purchasing-power parity, which argues that the exchange rate between two currencies should in the long run move towards the rate that equalizes the prices of identical bundles of traded goods and services in each country. In other words, a dollar should buy the same amount everywhere. The reason the Big Mac Index is a better representation of world currencies is because McDonald’s Big Mac is made and distributed in over 120 countries on six continents. McDonald’s Big Mac is produced to more or less the same recipe in those countries, so the Big Mac Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) is an exchange rate that would leave hamburgers costing the same in each country, including the United States. The index can, however, be distorted by the local input costs and costs of transportation and distribution. An undergraduate course, Food and Fiber Marketing, in the Department of Agricultural and Applied Economics at the University of Georgia is attended by students enrolled in many other disciplines and colleges than the agricultural economics field. Trying to engage their different learning styles and experiences to develop interactions between the students and the instructor requires some imaginative activities. Since they all seem to enjoy eating fast food, even if not a Big Mac, using the concept of the hamburger as a common currency intrigues them. Comparing the Big Mac PPP with the actual rates signals if a currency is under- or over-valued, which provides an application to the exchange rate and trade discussions without worrying about fluctuating currency/exchange rates. For instance, after its massive currency devaluation a decade ago, Argentina had the cheapest Big Mac at 78¢, while Switzerland had the most expensive Big Mac at $3.81, against the average American price of $2.49; the Argentine peso was the most undervalued currency at the time and the Swiss franc the most overvalued","PeriodicalId":36788,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Food Distribution Research","volume":"50 1","pages":"125-125"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76215448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Restaurants/chefs are increasing their demand for locally produced foods to respond to increasing consumer preferences for these products. Data from a survey of independently owned restaurants in Alabama show that there is tremendous opportunity for local producers to market to restaurants. Fifty-one percent of the restaurants surveyed currently purchase local foods, and over 80 percent of the remaining restaurants would purchase local products if barriers were addressed. To take advantage of this opportunity, producers must be able to consistently supply high quality, fresh products. Farmers must also be aware of and abide by food safety standards to sell to these restaurants.
{"title":"A Comparative Analysis of Alabama Restaurants: Local vs Non-local Food Purchase","authors":"Kenesha Reynolds-Allie, D. Fields","doi":"10.22004/AG.ECON.139432","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22004/AG.ECON.139432","url":null,"abstract":"Restaurants/chefs are increasing their demand for locally produced foods to respond to increasing consumer preferences for these products. Data from a survey of independently owned restaurants in Alabama show that there is tremendous opportunity for local producers to market to restaurants. Fifty-one percent of the restaurants surveyed currently purchase local foods, and over 80 percent of the remaining restaurants would purchase local products if barriers were addressed. To take advantage of this opportunity, producers must be able to consistently supply high quality, fresh products. Farmers must also be aware of and abide by food safety standards to sell to these restaurants.","PeriodicalId":36788,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Food Distribution Research","volume":"64 1","pages":"65-74"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74728977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study examined consumer demand for organic fluid milk in the current maturing organic market using a nationwide weekly retail scanner data set. An Almost Ideal Demand System in which both organic milk and conventional milk were further decomposed into products with different fat content was estimated. The demand for organic milk was shown to be price elastic. The results also revealed substitutions between organic milk and conventional milk products differing in fat content. The substitution pattern was asymmetric and there was greater movement toward organic milk than back toward conventional milk for the same relative change in price.
{"title":"U.S. Consumer Demand for Organic Fluid Milk by Fat Content","authors":"Xianghong Li, H. Peterson, T. Xia","doi":"10.22004/AG.ECON.139451","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22004/AG.ECON.139451","url":null,"abstract":"This study examined consumer demand for organic fluid milk in the current maturing organic market using a nationwide weekly retail scanner data set. An Almost Ideal Demand System in which both organic milk and conventional milk were further decomposed into products with different fat content was estimated. The demand for organic milk was shown to be price elastic. The results also revealed substitutions between organic milk and conventional milk products differing in fat content. The substitution pattern was asymmetric and there was greater movement toward organic milk than back toward conventional milk for the same relative change in price.","PeriodicalId":36788,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Food Distribution Research","volume":"151 1","pages":"50-58"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79546833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：