Pub Date : 2023-09-29DOI: 10.17756/nwj.2023-s2-071
Significant quantities of urban sludge generated by wastewater treatment plants pose serious eco-toxicological and environmental issues. Urban sludge collected at different stages of wastewater treatment is generally composed of non-biodegradable organic matter, micro-organisms, and mineral matter in the form of aluminum hydroxide, silica hydroxide, iron hydroxide, and calcium hydroxide. The most common uses of sewage sludge treatment are agriculture and landfill. However, they cause problems related to pollution and recovery of energy and nutrients from sewage sludge, which makes its usage as fertilizer doubtful. Therefore, thermal treatment methods handle these problems through energy recovery and pollutant destruction. In this context, we studied the urban sludge characteristics using X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), and thermal analysis. The results obtained showed that the studied samples contain different mineral fractions of 31% silica (SiO 2 ), 21.4% aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ), and 14.7% iron species, which make urban sludge promising in building materials. Through the heat treatment of raw and limed urban sludge, we observed a complex decomposition process, and the calculated activation energy using the isoconversional method proposed by Friedman showed a significant variation of over 10%, confirming the intricate nature of the sludge. Our findings underscore the need for a comprehensive approach to sludge management, optimizing its potential use and reducing the environmental impact.
{"title":"Kinetic Study of Urban Sludge Using Iso-conversional Kinetic Analysis","authors":"","doi":"10.17756/nwj.2023-s2-071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17756/nwj.2023-s2-071","url":null,"abstract":"Significant quantities of urban sludge generated by wastewater treatment plants pose serious eco-toxicological and environmental issues. Urban sludge collected at different stages of wastewater treatment is generally composed of non-biodegradable organic matter, micro-organisms, and mineral matter in the form of aluminum hydroxide, silica hydroxide, iron hydroxide, and calcium hydroxide. The most common uses of sewage sludge treatment are agriculture and landfill. However, they cause problems related to pollution and recovery of energy and nutrients from sewage sludge, which makes its usage as fertilizer doubtful. Therefore, thermal treatment methods handle these problems through energy recovery and pollutant destruction. In this context, we studied the urban sludge characteristics using X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), and thermal analysis. The results obtained showed that the studied samples contain different mineral fractions of 31% silica (SiO 2 ), 21.4% aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ), and 14.7% iron species, which make urban sludge promising in building materials. Through the heat treatment of raw and limed urban sludge, we observed a complex decomposition process, and the calculated activation energy using the isoconversional method proposed by Friedman showed a significant variation of over 10%, confirming the intricate nature of the sludge. Our findings underscore the need for a comprehensive approach to sludge management, optimizing its potential use and reducing the environmental impact.","PeriodicalId":36802,"journal":{"name":"NanoWorld Journal","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135297682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-29DOI: 10.17756/nwj.2023-s2-076
{"title":"Synthesis and Crystal Structure of a New Phosphate Na1.37Co1.36Cr1.64(PO4)3 with the α-CrPO4 Structure","authors":"","doi":"10.17756/nwj.2023-s2-076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17756/nwj.2023-s2-076","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36802,"journal":{"name":"NanoWorld Journal","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135297698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-29DOI: 10.17756/nwj.2023-s2-070
In recent years, a number of scientific studies have focused on the preparation and use of grafted HAp. In this context, we have prepared HAp grafted with AMP molecules at different grafting rates in order to precisely improve certain physico-chemical properties to increase the adsorbed amount of methylene blue dye. These materials were synthesized by wet process according to the precipitation method which is carried out by the neutralization of various reagents of calcium ions Ca(OH) 2 and phosphate NH 4 H 2 PO 4 at 25 °C in an aqueous medium. The prepared materials HAp and HAp-AMP were characterized by XRD, FTIR, and BET to determine their physicochemical properties. Adsorption of MB dye by apatite matrices was monitored by a factorial design method using Design-Expert software to study the influence of variation and efficiency of different MB concentrations, pH and stirring time between adsorbent and ad-sorbate to determine optimal conditions for maximum adsorbate retention. The highest removal of MB (328.78 mg.g -1 ) was obtained for an initial concentration of 460 mg.L -1 , and a contact period of 135.5 min at 298 K.
{"title":"Optimization of the Adsorption Process of Methylene Blue Dye by Apatites Using a Factorial Design","authors":"","doi":"10.17756/nwj.2023-s2-070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17756/nwj.2023-s2-070","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, a number of scientific studies have focused on the preparation and use of grafted HAp. In this context, we have prepared HAp grafted with AMP molecules at different grafting rates in order to precisely improve certain physico-chemical properties to increase the adsorbed amount of methylene blue dye. These materials were synthesized by wet process according to the precipitation method which is carried out by the neutralization of various reagents of calcium ions Ca(OH) 2 and phosphate NH 4 H 2 PO 4 at 25 °C in an aqueous medium. The prepared materials HAp and HAp-AMP were characterized by XRD, FTIR, and BET to determine their physicochemical properties. Adsorption of MB dye by apatite matrices was monitored by a factorial design method using Design-Expert software to study the influence of variation and efficiency of different MB concentrations, pH and stirring time between adsorbent and ad-sorbate to determine optimal conditions for maximum adsorbate retention. The highest removal of MB (328.78 mg.g -1 ) was obtained for an initial concentration of 460 mg.L -1 , and a contact period of 135.5 min at 298 K.","PeriodicalId":36802,"journal":{"name":"NanoWorld Journal","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135297715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-29DOI: 10.17756/nwj.2023-s3-011
{"title":"Analysis of Nano Synthesis Based Enhancing Clayey Soil Behavior Using Biomass Char","authors":"","doi":"10.17756/nwj.2023-s3-011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17756/nwj.2023-s3-011","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36802,"journal":{"name":"NanoWorld Journal","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139334261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-29DOI: 10.17756/nwj.2023-s2-062
Single crystals of the new phosphate Cd 0.5 Zn 2.5 (PO 4 ) 2 .4H 2 O were successfully grown hydrothermally and structurally determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction data. This new phase is isotypic with the Hopeite and crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Pnma with the cell parameters a = 10.6592(9) Å, b = 18.408(2) Å and c = 5.0565(4) Å. This crystal structure contains seven independent fully occupied cationic sites. The first six, that is located in 4c (.m.) Wycokoff positions, accommodate Cd(1)/Zn(1), four sites are filled by Zn(2) and three hydrogen, while the remaining site is entirely occupied by one P atom. This crystal structure can be described in terms of a net framework built up from a slightly distorted (Cd(1)/Zn(1))O 2 (OH 2 ) 4 octahedra and regular Zn(2)O 4 /PO 4 tetrahe-dra units. In the structure, two Zn 2 (2)O 7 dimers are held together by means of PO 4 groups in such way to form zigzag chains of corner-sharing. Adjacent chains are connected with the apical corners resulting in a complex layer of three-and four-membered sequential rings extending along [001]. The stacked layers are bridged by (Cd(1)/Zn(1))O 2 (OH 2 ) 4 octahedra that stabilizes the structure
{"title":"Synthesis and Structural Study of a Novel Mixed Phosphate: Cd0.5Zn2.5(PO4)2.4H2O","authors":"","doi":"10.17756/nwj.2023-s2-062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17756/nwj.2023-s2-062","url":null,"abstract":"Single crystals of the new phosphate Cd 0.5 Zn 2.5 (PO 4 ) 2 .4H 2 O were successfully grown hydrothermally and structurally determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction data. This new phase is isotypic with the Hopeite and crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Pnma with the cell parameters a = 10.6592(9) Å, b = 18.408(2) Å and c = 5.0565(4) Å. This crystal structure contains seven independent fully occupied cationic sites. The first six, that is located in 4c (.m.) Wycokoff positions, accommodate Cd(1)/Zn(1), four sites are filled by Zn(2) and three hydrogen, while the remaining site is entirely occupied by one P atom. This crystal structure can be described in terms of a net framework built up from a slightly distorted (Cd(1)/Zn(1))O 2 (OH 2 ) 4 octahedra and regular Zn(2)O 4 /PO 4 tetrahe-dra units. In the structure, two Zn 2 (2)O 7 dimers are held together by means of PO 4 groups in such way to form zigzag chains of corner-sharing. Adjacent chains are connected with the apical corners resulting in a complex layer of three-and four-membered sequential rings extending along [001]. The stacked layers are bridged by (Cd(1)/Zn(1))O 2 (OH 2 ) 4 octahedra that stabilizes the structure","PeriodicalId":36802,"journal":{"name":"NanoWorld Journal","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135297677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-29DOI: 10.17756/nwj.2023-s2-081
{"title":"The Impact of Bracing Type on the Global Displacement of Reinforced Concrete Buildings","authors":"","doi":"10.17756/nwj.2023-s2-081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17756/nwj.2023-s2-081","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36802,"journal":{"name":"NanoWorld Journal","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135297721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-29DOI: 10.17756/nwj.2023-s2-064
. NanoWorld
{"title":"Elaboration, Characterization and Structural Study of a Novel Phosphate (Cd,Co)5(HPO4)2(PO4)2.4H2O with the Hureaulite Structure Type","authors":"","doi":"10.17756/nwj.2023-s2-064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17756/nwj.2023-s2-064","url":null,"abstract":". NanoWorld","PeriodicalId":36802,"journal":{"name":"NanoWorld Journal","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135297726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-29DOI: 10.17756/nwj.2023-s3-010
{"title":"Investigating the Effects of Nanoparticle Based Borax Decahydrate as a Fuel Additive in Blending Spirulina Biodiesel with Diesel Fuel for Emission Control in a 4-stroke Diesel Engine","authors":"","doi":"10.17756/nwj.2023-s3-010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17756/nwj.2023-s3-010","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36802,"journal":{"name":"NanoWorld Journal","volume":"175 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139334228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-29DOI: 10.17756/nwj.2023-s2-067
There is currently worldwide interest in the use of inexpensive, naturally available adsorbent materials for contaminant removal. In our research work, the oil shale of the Moroccan Rif region has been used as an adsorbent for ciprofloxacin (CIP) adsorption studies in an aqueous solution. Raw oil shale has been characterized by different analysis techniques to study its structural and textural properties. The results of the characterizations by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed that the OST100 has a SiO 2 (Silicon dioxide)-quartz phase which is very interesting for the adsorption of organic species (Antibiotic). De-sign-Expert software was used to examine the influence of different organic pollutants concentrations, oil shale mass, and contact time on organic pollutants removal efficiency using oil shales. Additionally, the correlation between the actual and theoretical removal efficiencies of toxic antibiotics was analyzed, assessing the degree to which the predicted distribution results aligned with the experimental values.
{"title":"Adsorption of Organic Pollutants Using Moroccan Oil Shales: Optimization of the Adsorption Process Using a Factorial Design","authors":"","doi":"10.17756/nwj.2023-s2-067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17756/nwj.2023-s2-067","url":null,"abstract":"There is currently worldwide interest in the use of inexpensive, naturally available adsorbent materials for contaminant removal. In our research work, the oil shale of the Moroccan Rif region has been used as an adsorbent for ciprofloxacin (CIP) adsorption studies in an aqueous solution. Raw oil shale has been characterized by different analysis techniques to study its structural and textural properties. The results of the characterizations by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed that the OST100 has a SiO 2 (Silicon dioxide)-quartz phase which is very interesting for the adsorption of organic species (Antibiotic). De-sign-Expert software was used to examine the influence of different organic pollutants concentrations, oil shale mass, and contact time on organic pollutants removal efficiency using oil shales. Additionally, the correlation between the actual and theoretical removal efficiencies of toxic antibiotics was analyzed, assessing the degree to which the predicted distribution results aligned with the experimental values.","PeriodicalId":36802,"journal":{"name":"NanoWorld Journal","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135296693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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