Global Sustainability最新文献_第2页

Accelerating transformations for a just, sustainable future: 10 ‘Must Haves’ 加速转型，实现公正、可持续的未来：十大“必备品”

IF 5.5 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Global Sustainability

Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1017/sus.2023.14

Peter Schlosser, J. Rockström, Clea M. Edwards, Paula Mirazo, Adrian Heilemann, Niklas H. Kitzmann, Siri L. Krobjinski

Non-technical summary There is increasing evidence of extreme events and irreversible damage occurring faster than expected. Despite inescapable evidence of intersecting crises facing the Earth system and numerous efforts and agreements, global society is not on track to achieve its sustainability objectives. The 10 ‘Must Haves’ initiative aims to identify the pathways of accelerated systemic transformations needed across the globe toward a sustainable and just future where all can thrive on a healthy planet. In this Intelligence Briefing, the authors lay out the rationale for the project, the proposed targets, and set the stage for forthcoming work on action. Technical summary This Intelligence Briefing recognizes the urgent need for global-scale transformations to overcome the crises facing humanity. The ‘10 Must Haves Initiative’, conceptualized by The Earth League and the participants of the Global Futures Conference, aims to provide a framework for accelerated transformations to bridge the gap between pledges and action related to global challenges to stay within planetary boundaries and ensure a safe and just future for all. Each ‘Must Have’ represents targets within which a forthcoming report outlines the specific ‘must-do’ actions, relevant actors and considerations for successful implementation. The authors put forth that we must have a limit of global warming as close to 1.5°C as possible by 2050; an immediate halt and reversal of the loss of nature's functions and diversity; just economies that operate within planetary boundaries; equitable access to resources needed for human well-being; governance transformations to stay within planetary boundaries; healthy, safe, and secure food for the global population; the reconnection of human well-being to planetary health; an ethical digital world providing for human security and, a resilient global society ready to respond to planetary crises. Social media summary 10 ‘Must Haves’ toward thriving future 4 all: global contingency plan toward transformation of unsustainable trajectory.

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引用次数: 0

Community-based participatory climate action 基于社区的参与式气候行动

IF 5.5 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Global Sustainability

Pub Date : 2023-08-11 DOI: 10.1017/sus.2023.12

Andrea Restrepo-Mieth, J. Perry, Jonah Garnick, Michael Weisberg

Non-technical summary Improving the flow of information between governments and local communities is paramount to achieving effective climate change mitigation and adaptation. We propose five pathways to deepen participation and improve community-based climate action. The pathways can be summarized as visualization, simulations to practice decision-making, participatory budgeting and planning, environmental civic service, and education and curriculum development. These pathways contribute to improving governance by consolidating in governments the practice of soliciting and incorporating community participation while simultaneously giving communities the tools and knowledge needed to become active contributors to climate change adaptation and mitigation measures. Technical summary Community participation is considered a key component in the design of responses to climate change. Substantial engagement of local communities is required to ensure information flow between governments and communities, but also because local communities are the primary sites of adaptation action. However, frontline communities are often excluded from decision-making and implementation processes due to political choices or failures to identify ways to make participatory frameworks more inclusive. Climate action requires the active engagement of communities in making consequential decisions, or what we term deepened participation. We propose five pathways to deepen participation: visualization, simulations to practice decision-making, participatory budgeting and planning, environmental civic service, and education and curriculum development. The five pathways identify strategies that can be incorporated into existing organizational and institutional frameworks or used to create new ones. Shortcomings related to each strategy are identified. Reflection by communities and governments is encouraged as they choose which participatory technique(s) to adopt. Social media summary Climate action requires the active engagement of communities. Learn five pathways to get started deepening participation.

改善政府和地方社区之间的信息交流对于实现有效减缓和适应气候变化至关重要。我们提出了深化参与和改善以社区为基础的气候行动的五条途径。这些途径可以概括为可视化、模拟实践决策、参与式预算和规划、环境公民服务以及教育和课程开发。这些途径通过巩固政府征求和吸纳社区参与的做法，同时向社区提供成为气候变化适应和缓解措施的积极贡献者所需的工具和知识，从而有助于改善治理。技术摘要社区参与被认为是设计应对气候变化措施的关键组成部分。为了确保政府和社区之间的信息流动，需要地方社区的大量参与，而且还因为地方社区是适应行动的主要场所。然而，由于政治选择或未能找到使参与性框架更具包容性的方法，一线社区往往被排除在决策和实施过程之外。气候行动需要社区积极参与做出相应的决策，或者我们称之为“深度参与”。我们提出了五条深化参与的途径:可视化、模拟实践决策、参与式预算和规划、环境公民服务、教育和课程开发。这五种途径确定了可纳入现有组织和体制框架或用于创建新框架的战略。确定了与每种策略相关的缺点。鼓励社区和政府在选择采用何种参与性技术时进行反思。气候行动需要社区的积极参与。学习五种途径来开始深化参与。

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引用次数: 0

Causal mechanisms of common barriers to national adaptation policy processes and practical solutions in South Korea and the UK 韩国和英国国家适应政策进程共同障碍的因果机制及实际解决办法

IF 5.5 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Global Sustainability

Pub Date : 2023-06-20 DOI: 10.1017/sus.2023.10

Seunghan Lee, J. Paavola, S. Dessai

Non-technical Summary As adaptation deficits become increasingly evident and widespread, barriers to adaptation draw more attention as a key reason. However, the current understanding of the barriers is limited, making it challenging to provide practical solutions for real-world adaptation policy processes. This study aims to identify the origins, influences, and relationships of common barriers to national adaptation policy processes, and to analyse their causal mechanisms. The findings present a barrier map that illustrates potential causal mechanisms of common barriers to national adaptation policy processes and, based on it, suggest a systematic approach for practical solutions. Technical Summary Despite progress in national adaptation policies in the last two decades, the adaptation deficit is getting wider and barriers to adaptation are regarded as a key reason for it. However, our understanding of barriers to adaptation does not help improve real adaptation processes. Based on South Korean and UK cases, this study identified 17 common barriers to national adaptation policy processes and placed them in four categories. It also identified the barriers' origins and influences, drew a common barrier map underlying national adaptation policy processes and identified causal mechanisms of the common barriers, which were limitedly addressed in the earlier literature. The results highlight that understanding the causal mechanisms of barriers to national adaptation policy processes is important to devise practical solutions to overcome barriers and improve the effectiveness of real adaptation processes. The findings also offer a practical understanding of common barriers to national adaptation policy, which can help adaptation policy stakeholders and practitioners to diagnose policy problems, analyse what barriers and origins are related to the problems, decide what should be addressed first to solve the problems, and ultimately make efforts to reduce the current adaptation deficit. Social Media Summary New study identifies causal mechanisms of 17 common barriers to national adaptation policy processes & suggests a systematic approach to overcome the barriers.

随着适应缺陷的日益明显和广泛，适应障碍作为一个关键原因受到越来越多的关注。然而，目前对这些障碍的理解是有限的，这使得为现实世界的适应政策进程提供切实可行的解决方案具有挑战性。本研究旨在确定国家适应政策进程的常见障碍的起源、影响和关系，并分析其因果机制。这些发现提出了一个障碍图，说明了国家适应政策进程的共同障碍的潜在因果机制，并在此基础上提出了一种实际解决方案的系统方法。尽管过去二十年来国家适应政策取得了进展，但适应赤字越来越大，适应障碍被认为是造成这种赤字的一个关键原因。然而，我们对适应障碍的理解并不能帮助改善真正的适应过程。基于韩国和英国的案例，本研究确定了国家适应政策进程的17个常见障碍，并将其分为四类。它还确定了障碍的起源和影响，绘制了国家适应政策进程的共同障碍图，并确定了共同障碍的因果机制，这些机制在早期文献中得到了有限的解决。研究结果表明，了解国家适应政策进程障碍的因果机制对于制定切实可行的解决方案以克服障碍并提高实际适应进程的有效性具有重要意义。研究结果还提供了对国家适应政策常见障碍的实际理解，有助于适应政策利益相关者和实践者诊断政策问题，分析与问题相关的障碍和根源，决定首先应该解决哪些问题，并最终努力减少当前的适应赤字。一项新研究确定了国家适应政策进程中17个常见障碍的因果机制，并提出了克服这些障碍的系统方法。

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引用次数: 0

Does a change in the ‘global net zero’ language matter? 改变“全球净零排放”的说法重要吗?

IF 5.5 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Global Sustainability

Pub Date : 2023-06-19 DOI: 10.1017/sus.2023.11

Hannah Parris, A. Anger-Kraavi, G. Peters

Non-technical summary Changes in language used in long term climate policy can undermine their credibility and discourage climate action. Previous IPCC reports have promoted an idea of reaching ‘global net zero’ (GNZ) emissions by 2050 in order to limit global warming to 1.5 °C. In the latest IPCC Report, this language has been changed. To understand the impact of this change, we survey COP 26 participants to test their willingness to accept a shift in long term policy goals. We find a low tolerance for a change and, indeed, there is substantial finance, business and political effort behind the idea of reaching GNZ by 2050. This suggests that GNZ by 2050 will remain central to climate action. Technical summary Consistency in language in long term policy goals is central to building a (political) constituency in support of the Paris Agreement. Changes in language can undermine policy credibility, and stall effective mitigation action. Recent changes in IPCC language to describe ‘global net zero’ (GNZ) as being reached in the ‘early or mid 2050s’ (AR6 WG1) could risk undermining the substantial cultural, political and financial momentum that has developed behind the interpretation – first developed by the IPCC SR 1.5 °C Report – that GNZ must be reached by 2050. We survey COP 26 participants to test their willingness to accept a shift in policy goals and find a strong preference for a ‘stable’ long term policy target, widely interpreted as reaching ‘GNZ by 2050’, and a rejection of flexibility in long term policy targets, even as new scientific information becomes available. ‘GNZ by 2050’ is no longer a science based target, but has transitioned to a cultural and political metaphor actively used by stakeholders to guide their climate decision making. This makes ‘GNZ by 2050’ no less valid than the original scientific concept. This may stimulate further ‘political calibration’ or between the policy and modelling communities. Social media summary Sig. momentum is behind global net zero by 2050.Will changes in IPCC mitigation language de-rail global climate action?

长期气候政策中使用的语言的变化会破坏其可信度，阻碍气候行动。IPCC之前的报告提出了到2050年实现“全球净零”排放的想法，以便将全球变暖限制在1.5°C。在最新的IPCC报告中，这种说法有所改变。为了了解这一变化的影响，我们调查了缔约方会议26的参与者，以测试他们接受长期政策目标转变的意愿。我们发现人们对变化的容忍度很低，事实上，在2050年达到GNZ的想法背后，有大量的金融、商业和政治努力。这表明，到2050年，GNZ仍将是气候行动的核心。长期政策目标语言的一致性对于建立支持《巴黎协定》的(政治)选区至关重要。语言的变化会破坏政策的可信度，并阻碍有效的缓解行动。最近，IPCC将“全球净零”(GNZ)描述为“2050年代初或中期”(AR6 WG1)的措辞发生了变化，这可能会破坏在IPCC《1.5°C SR报告》首次提出的必须在2050年之前达到GNZ的解释背后形成的巨大文化、政治和财政势头。我们调查了缔约方会议26的参与者，以测试他们接受政策目标转变的意愿，并发现他们对“稳定的”长期政策目标的强烈偏好，被广泛解释为到2050年达到“全球GNZ”，以及拒绝长期政策目标的灵活性，即使有新的科学信息可用。“到2050年全球GNZ”不再是一个基于科学的目标，而是一种文化和政治隐喻，被利益相关者积极用于指导他们的气候决策。这使得“2050年全球GNZ”的有效性不亚于最初的科学概念。这可能会刺激进一步的“政治校准”或在政策和建模社区之间。到2050年，sigg势头将推动全球净零排放。政府间气候变化专门委员会减缓气候变化措辞的变化会影响全球气候行动吗?

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引用次数: 0

The future of meat and dairy consumption in the UK: exploring different policy scenarios to meet net zero targets and improve population health. 英国肉类和乳制品消费的未来:探索不同的政策方案以实现净零目标并改善人口健康

IF 4.6 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Global Sustainability

Pub Date : 2023-05-16 DOI: 10.1017/sus.2023.9

Silvia Pastorino, Laura Cornelsen, Sol Cuevas Garcia-Dorado, Alan D Dangour, James Milner, Ai Milojevic, Pauline Scheelbeek, Paul Wilkinson, Rosemary Green

Non-technical summary: 1To meet the UK's greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions targets, the Climate Change Committee (CCC) recommended to reduce current meat and dairy intake by 20% by 2030. In this study, we modelled the impact of potential dietary changes on GHG emissions and water use with the selected scenarios based on the trend of food purchase and meat and dairy reduction policy. We show that implementing fiscal measures and facilitating innovations in production of meat alternatives would accelerate existing positive trends, help the UK reach the CCC 2030 target of 20% meat and dairy reduction and increase fruit and vegetable intake.

Technical summary: 2We used 2001-2019 data from the Family Food module of the Living Costs and Food Survey (LCF), an annual UK survey of about 5,000 representative households recording quantities of all food and drink purchases, to model four 2030 dietary scenarios: Business as usual (BAU); two fiscal policy scenarios ('fiscal 10%' and 'fiscal 20%'), combining either a 10% meat and dairy tax and a 10% fruit and vegetable subsidy, or a 20% tax and 20% subsidy on the same foods; and an 'innovation scenario' substituting traditionally-produced meat and dairy with plant-based analogues and animal proteins produced in laboratories. Compared to 2019 levels, we forecasted reductions in the range of 5-30% for meat and 8-32% for dairy across scenarios. Meat reductions could be up to 21.5% (fiscal20%) and 30.4% (innovation). For all scenarios we forecasted an increase in fruit and vegetables intake in the range of 3-13.5%; with the fiscal 20% scenario showing highest increases (13.5%). GHG emissions and water use reductions were highest for the innovation scenario (-19.8%, -16.2%) followed by fiscal 20% (-15.8%, - 9.2%) fiscal 10% (-12.1%, 5.9%) and BAU (-8.3%, -2.6%) scenarios. Compared to average households, low-income households had similar patterns of change, but both past and predicted purchase of meat, fruit and vegetables and environmental footprints were lower.

为了达到英国的温室气体(GHG)排放目标，气候变化委员会(CCC)建议到2030年将目前的肉类和乳制品摄入量减少20%。在本研究中，我们基于食品购买趋势和减少肉类和乳制品的政策，模拟了潜在的饮食变化对温室气体排放和用水的影响。我们表明，实施财政措施和促进肉类替代品生产的创新将加速现有的积极趋势，帮助英国实现2030年减少20%肉类和乳制品的CCC目标，并增加水果和蔬菜的摄入量。我们使用了生活成本和食品调查(LCF)的家庭食品模块2001-2019年的数据，这是一项对英国约5000个代表性家庭进行的年度调查，记录了所有食品和饮料的购买数量，以模拟2030年的四种饮食情景:一切照旧(BAU);两种财政政策方案(“财政10%”和“财政20%”)，将10%的肉类和乳制品税和10%的水果和蔬菜补贴结合起来，或者对相同的食品征收20%的税和20%的补贴;还有一个“创新方案”，用实验室生产的植物性类似物和动物蛋白取代传统生产的肉类和乳制品。与2019年的水平相比，我们预测各情景下肉类和乳制品的排放量分别减少5-30%和8-32%。肉类的减少可能高达21.5%(财政20%)和30.4%(创新)。在所有情况下，我们预测水果和蔬菜摄入量的增加范围为3-13.5%;在财政20%的情况下，增幅最高(13.5%)。创新情景的温室气体排放量和用水量减少量最高(- 19.8%，- 16.2%)，其次是财政20%(- 15.8%，- 9.2%)财政10%(- 12.1%，5.9%)和BAU(- 8.3%， - 2.6%)情景。与普通家庭相比，低收入家庭的变化模式相似，但过去和未来的肉类、水果和蔬菜购买以及环境足迹都较低。减少肉类和乳制品的政策将有助于实现净零目标，并改善英国人口的健康。

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引用次数: 0

Building back better in Latin America: examining the sustainability of COVID-19 recovery and development programs 在拉丁美洲重建得更好：审查新冠肺炎复苏和发展计划的可持续性

IF 5.5 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Global Sustainability

Pub Date : 2023-04-27 DOI: 10.1017/sus.2023.7

R. O'Ryan, A. Villavicencio, Joaquín Gajardo, A. Ulloa, Cecilia Ibarra, M. Rojas

Non-technical summary The significant outlays by countries in the Global South to recover from the COVID-19 crisis could have been an opportunity to build back better, advancing both a green recovery and addressing pressing social problems, thus advancing sustainability. To examine if this was the case, in this paper we analyze the expected impacts of recovery initiatives in five Latin American countries. Our results show that these programs do not support the possibility of building back better, weakly impacting 12 dimensions related to sustainability. We also propose a methodology to improve how sustainability concerns can be included in future choice of projects. Technical summary It has been argued that the significant outlays by governments across the world required to recover from the COVID-19 crisis can be an opportunity to build back better, that is, advance toward greener societies. In the Global South, which suffered acute social, economic and environmental problems prior to this health crisis, recovery initiatives would be best suited to focus on sustainable economic recovery which – along with the environmental concerns of a green recovery – could address pressing local problems. To this end, we analyzed the expected impacts of recovery initiatives in five Latin American countries on each of 71 sustainability criteria. These criteria are based on the UN sustainable development goals and other relevant literature related to sustainable development. Using principal component analysis, criteria are grouped into 12 dimensions. Our results show that recovery programs examined do not take advantage of the possibility of building back better, and many relevant dimensions related to a sustainable recovery are only weakly considered. Our methodology provides a step forward toward supporting governments in their efforts to identify better policies and investment projects and consequently put together packages of initiatives that advance on sustainability, green recovery or other long-term goals they may have. Social media summary Methodology to analyze COVID-19 recovery packages shows small impact on sustainability in five Latin American countries.

非技术性总结全球南方国家从新冠肺炎危机中恢复的大量支出本可以成为一个更好地重建的机会，推动绿色复苏和解决紧迫的社会问题，从而促进可持续性。为了检验情况是否如此，本文分析了五个拉丁美洲国家复苏举措的预期影响。我们的研究结果表明，这些计划不支持重建得更好的可能性，对与可持续性相关的12个维度的影响较小。我们还提出了一种方法，以改进如何将可持续性问题纳入未来项目选择中。技术摘要有人认为，世界各国政府从新冠肺炎危机中恢复所需的大量支出可能是一个重建得更好的机会，也就是说，向更环保的社会迈进。在全球南方，在这场健康危机之前，该地区遭受了严重的社会、经济和环境问题，复苏举措最适合专注于可持续的经济复苏，这与绿色复苏的环境问题一起，可以解决紧迫的地方问题。为此，我们分析了五个拉丁美洲国家的复苏举措对71项可持续性标准的预期影响。这些标准以联合国可持续发展目标和其他与可持续发展有关的文献为基础。使用主成分分析，将标准分为12个维度。我们的研究结果表明，所审查的复苏计划没有利用重建得更好的可能性，而且与可持续复苏相关的许多相关方面只得到了微弱的考虑。我们的方法向前迈出了一步，支持各国政府努力确定更好的政策和投资项目，从而制定一揽子举措，推进可持续性、绿色复苏或其他长期目标。社交媒体摘要分析新冠肺炎复苏方案的方法显示，对五个拉丁美洲国家的可持续性影响很小。

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引用次数: 0

Food self-provisioning: a review of health and climate implications 粮食自给:对健康和气候影响的审查

IF 5.5 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Global Sustainability

Pub Date : 2023-04-24 DOI: 10.1017/sus.2023.6

Milla Suomalainen, Johanna Hohenthal, Jarkko Pyysiäinen, Toni Ruuska, J. Rinkinen, Pasi Heikkurinen

Non-technical summary The industrial food system is widely considered to be unsustainable due to its undesired climate and health effects. One proposed alternative to these problems is a more local system of food provisioning. This means involving individuals, households, and communities in growing and acquiring edibles, like vegetables and other food stuff. This study based on a literature review found that food self-provisioning practitioners are mainly driven by health concerns and less by reasoning linked to the environment, like climate change adaptation and mitigation. We propose that the potential of food self-provisioning is underutilised in developing the sustainability of food systems. Technical summary In this article, we review and analyse the literature and concept of ‘food self-provisioning’ in order to understand its potential as a response to contemporary challenges. The focus of the study is on investigating the meanings related to environmental problems, particularly climate change, and issues of health. Firstly, we show how food self-provisioning is conceptualised vis-à-vis health and the environment; and secondly, what the (potential) implications of food self-provisioning to interlinked human and non-human health and beyond are. Based on the conducted literature review (n = 44), meanings of food self-provisioning are found to connect primarily to issues of human health and only secondarily to environmental questions, and even more marginally to climate change mitigation and adaptation. Our analysis cuts across the scales of households, communities, cities, and regions, including their diverse geographies, and hereby also comments on the questions of multilevel organising of self-provisioning, and what the notion of ‘self’ implies in this context. Social media summary The potential of food self-provisioning is underutilised in developing the sustainability of food systems.

非技术性总结工业食品系统由于其不理想的气候和健康影响而被广泛认为是不可持续的。针对这些问题提出的一个替代方案是建立一个更加地方化的食品供应系统。这意味着让个人、家庭和社区参与种植和获取食物，如蔬菜和其他食品。这项基于文献综述的研究发现，食品自我供应从业者主要受健康问题的驱动，而较少受与环境相关的推理的驱动，如适应和缓解气候变化。我们认为，在发展粮食系统的可持续性方面，粮食自我供应的潜力没有得到充分利用。技术摘要在本文中，我们回顾和分析了“食物自我供应”的文献和概念，以了解其作为应对当代挑战的潜力。这项研究的重点是调查与环境问题，特别是气候变化和健康问题有关的含义。首先，我们展示了食物自我供应是如何相对于健康和环境概念化的；其次，食物自我供应对相互关联的人类和非人类健康及其他方面的（潜在）影响是什么。根据所进行的文献综述（n=44），发现食物自我供应的含义主要与人类健康问题有关，其次与环境问题有关，甚至与气候变化的缓解和适应有关。我们的分析跨越了家庭、社区、城市和地区的规模，包括其不同的地理位置，并在此评论了自我供应的多层次组织问题，以及“自我”的概念在这种背景下意味着什么。社交媒体摘要粮食自我供应的潜力在发展粮食系统的可持续性方面没有得到充分利用。

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引用次数: 4

Towards a global sustainable development agenda built on social-ecological resilience. 制定以社会生态复原力为基础的全球可持续发展议程。

IF 4.6 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Global Sustainability

Pub Date : 2023-04-24 DOI: 10.1017/sus.2023.8

Murray W Scown, Robin K Craig, Craig R Allen, Lance Gunderson, David G Angeler, Jorge H Garcia, Ahjond Garmestani

Non-technical summary: The United Nations' sustainable development goals (SDGs) articulate societal aspirations for people and our planet. Many scientists have criticised the SDGs and some have suggested that a better understanding of the complex interactions between society and the environment should underpin the next global development agenda. We further this discussion through the theory of social-ecological resilience, which emphasises the ability of systems to absorb, adapt, and transform in the face of change. We determine the strengths of the current SDGs, which should form a basis for the next agenda, and identify key gaps that should be filled.

Technical summary: The United Nations' sustainable development goals (SDGs) are past their halfway point and the next global development agenda will soon need to be developed. While laudable, the SDGs have received strong criticism from many, and scholars have proposed that adopting complex adaptive or social-ecological system approaches would increase the effectiveness of the agenda. Here we dive deeper into these discussions to explore how the theory of social-ecological resilience could serve as a strong foundation for the next global sustainable development agenda. We identify the strengths and weaknesses of the current SDGs by determining which of the 169 targets address each of 43 factors affecting social-ecological resilience that we have compiled from the literature. The SDGs with the strongest connections to social-ecological resilience are the environment-focus goals (SDGs 2, 6, 13, 14, 15), which are also the goals consistently under-prioritised in the implementation of the current agenda. In terms of the 43 factors affecting social-ecological resilience, the SDG strengths lie in their communication, inclusive decision making, financial support, regulatory incentives, economic diversity, and transparency in governance and law. On the contrary, ecological factors of resilience are seriously lacking in the SDGs, particularly with regards to scale, cross-scale interactions, and non-stationarity.

Social media summary: The post-2030 agenda should build on strengths of SDGs 2, 6, 13, 14, 15, and fill gaps in scale, variability, and feedbacks.

非技术性摘要：联合国的可持续发展目标（SDGs）阐明了社会对人类和地球的期望。许多科学家对可持续发展目标提出了批评，也有一些科学家建议，下一个全球发展议程应该以更好地理解社会与环境之间复杂的相互作用为基础。我们通过社会-生态复原力理论进一步推进这一讨论，该理论强调系统在面对变化时吸收、适应和转变的能力。技术摘要：联合国可持续发展目标（SDGs）已经过半，下一个全球发展议程即将制定。可持续发展目标虽然值得称赞，但也受到了许多人的强烈批评，有学者提出，采用复杂的适应性或社会生态系统方法将提高议程的有效性。在此，我们将深入探讨这些讨论，探讨社会-生态复原力理论如何为下一个全球可持续发展议程奠定坚实的基础。通过确定 169 项目标中哪些目标涉及我们从文献中整理出的 43 个影响社会-生态复原力的因素，我们找出了当前可持续发展目标的优缺点。与社会-生态复原力联系最紧密的可持续发展目标是以环境为重点的目标（可持续发展目标 2、6、13、14 和 15），这些目标在当前议程的实施过程中一直未得到充分重视。就影响社会-生态复原力的 43 个因素而言，可持续发展目标的优势在于沟通、包容性决策、财政支持、监管激励、经济多样性以及治理和法律的透明度。社会媒体总结：2030 年后的议程应利用可持续发展目标 2、6、13、14、15 的优势，并填补在规模、可变性和反馈方面的空白。

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引用次数: 0

Environmental drivers of human migration in Sub-Saharan Africa 撒哈拉以南非洲人类迁移的环境驱动因素

IF 5.5 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Global Sustainability

Pub Date : 2023-04-13 DOI: 10.1017/sus.2023.5

Sinafekesh Girma Wolde, P. D’Odorico, M. Rulli

Non-technical summary Environmental threats to shelter, livelihoods, and food security are often considered push factors for intra-African human migration. Research in this field is often fragmented into a myriad of case studies on specific subregions or events, thus preventing a more comprehensive understanding of the phenomenon. This paper examines environmental drivers reported in the literature as push factors for human displacement across 32 sub-Saharan African countries between 1990 and 2021. Extensive consultation of past studies and reports with analytical methods shows that environmental migration is complex and influenced by multiple direct and indirect factors. Non-environmental drivers compound the effects of environmental change. Technical summary Intra-African environmental migration is a bleak reality. Warming trends, aridification, and the intensification of extreme climate events, combined with underlying non-environmental drivers, may set millions of people on the move. Despite previous studies and meta-analyses on environmental migration within sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), conclusive empirical evidence of the relationship between environmental change and migration is still missing. Here we draw on 87 case studies published in the scholarly literature (from fields ranging from the environmental sciences to development economics and migration research) or documented by research databases, reports, and international disaster datasets to develop a meta-analysis investigating the relationship between environmental changes and migration across SSA. A combination of quantitative, Qualitative Comparative Analyses (QCA), and statistical correlation methods are used to analyze the metadata and investigate the complex web of environmental drivers of environmental migration in SSA while highlighting subregional differences in the predominant environmental forcing. We develop a new conceptual framework for investigating the cascading flow of interdependences among environmental change drivers of human displacement while reconstructing the main migration patterns across SSA. We also present new insights into the way non-environmental factors are exposing communities in SSA to high vulnerability and reduced resilience to environmental change. Social media summary Human displacement in sub-Saharan Africa is often associated with the effects of climate change and environmental degradation.

对住房、生计和粮食安全的环境威胁通常被认为是非洲内部人类迁移的推动因素。这一领域的研究往往被分割成无数针对具体分区域或事件的个案研究，因此无法对这一现象有更全面的了解。本文研究了1990年至2021年间，32个撒哈拉以南非洲国家的环境驱动因素作为人类流离失所的推动因素。对以往研究和报告的广泛查阅和分析表明，环境移民是复杂的，受到多种直接和间接因素的影响。非环境驱动因素加剧了环境变化的影响。非洲内部环境移民是一个暗淡的现实。变暖趋势、干旱和极端气候事件的加剧，加上潜在的非环境驱动因素，可能会使数百万人迁移。尽管已有关于撒哈拉以南非洲地区环境移民的研究和荟萃分析，但关于环境变化与移民之间关系的确凿实证证据仍然缺失。在这里，我们借鉴了学术文献中发表的87个案例研究(从环境科学到发展经济学和移民研究等领域)，或研究数据库、报告和国际灾害数据集记录的案例，进行了一项荟萃分析，调查了SSA地区环境变化与移民之间的关系。采用定量、定性比较分析(QCA)和统计相关相结合的方法对元数据进行了分析，并探讨了SSA环境移民的复杂环境驱动网络，同时强调了主导环境强迫的次区域差异。我们开发了一个新的概念框架，用于研究人类流离失所的环境变化驱动因素之间相互依赖的级联流，同时重建整个SSA的主要迁移模式。我们还提出了非环境因素如何使SSA社区暴露于高度脆弱性和对环境变化的恢复力降低的新见解。撒哈拉以南非洲地区的人口流离失所往往与气候变化和环境退化的影响有关。

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引用次数: 0

Global environmental and social spillover effects of EU's food trade 欧盟食品贸易的全球环境和社会溢出效应

IF 5.5 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Global Sustainability

Pub Date : 2023-03-13 DOI: 10.1017/sus.2023.4

Arunima Malik, Guillaume Lafortune, Salma Dahir, Zachary A. Wendling, C. Kroll, S. Carter, Mengyu Li, M. Lenzen

Non-technical summary Globalisation has narrowed the gap between producers and consumers. Nations are increasingly relying on commodities produced outside of their borders for satisfying their consumption. This is particularly the case for the European Union (EU). This study assesses spillover effects, i.e. impacts taking place outside of the EU borders, resulting from the EU's demand for food products, in terms of environmental and social indicators. Technical summary Human demand for agri-food products contributes to environmental degradation in the form of land-use impacts and emissions into the atmosphere. Development and implementation of suitable policy instruments to mitigate these impacts requires robust and timely statistics at sectoral, regional and global levels. In this study, we aim to assess the environmental and social impacts embodied in European Union's (EU's) demand for agri-food products. To this end, we select a range of indicators: emissions (carbon dioxide, particulate matter, sulphur dioxide, nitrous oxide), land use, employment and income. We trace these environmental and social impacts across EU's trading partners to identify specific sectors and regions as hotspots of international spillovers embodied in EU's food supply chains and find that these hotspots are wide-ranging in all continents. EU's food demand is responsible for 5% of the EU's total CO2 consumption-based footprint, 9% of the total NOX footprint, 16% of the total PM footprint, 6% of the total SO2 footprint, 46% of the total land-use footprint, 13% of the total employment footprint and 5% of the total income footprint. Our results serve to inform future reforms in the EU for aligning policies and strategies with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and the objectives of the Paris Climate Agreement. Social media summary Significant environmental and social spillover effects embodied in the EU's food supply chains.

非技术性摘要全球化缩小了生产者和消费者之间的差距。各国越来越依赖境外生产的商品来满足其消费。欧洲联盟（欧盟）的情况尤其如此。这项研究从环境和社会指标方面评估了溢出效应，即欧盟对食品的需求导致的在欧盟边界以外发生的影响。技术摘要人类对农产品的需求以土地利用影响和排放到大气中的形式助长了环境退化。制定和实施适当的政策工具以减轻这些影响，需要在部门、区域和全球各级进行有力和及时的统计。在这项研究中，我们旨在评估欧盟（EU）对农产品需求所体现的环境和社会影响。为此，我们选择了一系列指标：排放量（二氧化碳、颗粒物、二氧化硫、一氧化二氮）、土地使用、就业和收入。我们追踪了欧盟贸易伙伴的这些环境和社会影响，以确定特定部门和地区是欧盟食品供应链中体现的国际溢出效应的热点，并发现这些热点在各大洲都很广泛。欧盟的粮食需求占欧盟基于二氧化碳消耗的总足迹的5%，占NOX总足迹的9%，占PM总足迹的16%，占SO2总足迹的6%，占土地利用总足迹的46%，占就业总足迹的13%，占收入总足迹的5%。我们的研究结果有助于为欧盟未来的改革提供信息，使政策和战略与可持续发展目标和《巴黎气候协定》的目标保持一致。社交媒体摘要欧盟食品供应链中体现的重大环境和社会溢出效应。

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引用次数: 2