Abstract A cost-effective power supply design proposed for electrostatic precipitators (ESP) is presented in this work. The cost minimization is done in terms of eliminating the power transformer and reducing power consumed by the ESP unit. Usually, transformers are used to boost the voltage level in conventional systems on its input side, which is replaced by a combination of a high-frequency converter along with a voltage multiplier in a modular arrangement. By interconnecting these modules, the suitable voltage is built-up easily. An intermittent pulse energized supply is developed by the proposed system to reduce back corona and to save energy consumption. The modular arrangement also increases the lifetime of converter switches, by reducing the switching stresses developed across them during its high-frequency operation and by reducing the Total Harmonic Distortion (THD). The complete system is designed and analyzed using MATLAB SIMULINK. The obtained results are better than the existing methods used for generating intermittent energization, the THD is reduced to 35.78% and the voltage stresses also reduced to 1800 V. And a module is experimented and found that it is capable of producing 3 kV.
{"title":"An improved intermittent power supply technique for electrostatic precipitators","authors":"Rajkumar Ganesamoorthy, S. Srinivasan","doi":"10.1515/ehs-2022-0047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/ehs-2022-0047","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A cost-effective power supply design proposed for electrostatic precipitators (ESP) is presented in this work. The cost minimization is done in terms of eliminating the power transformer and reducing power consumed by the ESP unit. Usually, transformers are used to boost the voltage level in conventional systems on its input side, which is replaced by a combination of a high-frequency converter along with a voltage multiplier in a modular arrangement. By interconnecting these modules, the suitable voltage is built-up easily. An intermittent pulse energized supply is developed by the proposed system to reduce back corona and to save energy consumption. The modular arrangement also increases the lifetime of converter switches, by reducing the switching stresses developed across them during its high-frequency operation and by reducing the Total Harmonic Distortion (THD). The complete system is designed and analyzed using MATLAB SIMULINK. The obtained results are better than the existing methods used for generating intermittent energization, the THD is reduced to 35.78% and the voltage stresses also reduced to 1800 V. And a module is experimented and found that it is capable of producing 3 kV.","PeriodicalId":36885,"journal":{"name":"Energy Harvesting and Systems","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90636273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Despite the intensive research carried out in the last two decades, the actual performance of piezoelectric energy harvesters needs significant improvement for widespread applicability. Custom designed experimental set-ups and methods can be applied for the evaluation of new piezoelectric energy harvesters or modified design versions of existing transducers, in terms of efficiency and specific power. In this context, two representative types of commercial cantilever piezoelectric transducers, made of PZT and PVDF material respectively, were tested in various combinations of aerodynamic and harmonic base excitation. A line type laser was used along with long exposure photography for the visualisation of the piezofilm’s mode shapes, tip deflection and the digitization of the elastic line at the oscillation extrema. The harvested power was measured at on-resonance conditions and studied relative to the excitation combinations and the mode shapes. Energy conversion efficiency, defined as the ratio of the electric-field energy accumulated by the supercapacitors, over the total elastic strain energy change of the material during the oscillations is measured and compared. Design improvements are proposed for both transducer types to extract and absorb higher amounts of energy and improve their bandwidth to match the available excitation source characteristics.
{"title":"PZT and PVDF piezoelectric transducers’ design implications on their efficiency and energy harvesting potential","authors":"Antiopi-Malvina Stamatellou","doi":"10.1515/ehs-2022-0087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/ehs-2022-0087","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Despite the intensive research carried out in the last two decades, the actual performance of piezoelectric energy harvesters needs significant improvement for widespread applicability. Custom designed experimental set-ups and methods can be applied for the evaluation of new piezoelectric energy harvesters or modified design versions of existing transducers, in terms of efficiency and specific power. In this context, two representative types of commercial cantilever piezoelectric transducers, made of PZT and PVDF material respectively, were tested in various combinations of aerodynamic and harmonic base excitation. A line type laser was used along with long exposure photography for the visualisation of the piezofilm’s mode shapes, tip deflection and the digitization of the elastic line at the oscillation extrema. The harvested power was measured at on-resonance conditions and studied relative to the excitation combinations and the mode shapes. Energy conversion efficiency, defined as the ratio of the electric-field energy accumulated by the supercapacitors, over the total elastic strain energy change of the material during the oscillations is measured and compared. Design improvements are proposed for both transducer types to extract and absorb higher amounts of energy and improve their bandwidth to match the available excitation source characteristics.","PeriodicalId":36885,"journal":{"name":"Energy Harvesting and Systems","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82646094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The article describes an experimental investigation of the impact of soiling on the photovoltaic modules in northeastern, Iraq. Over five months, the voltage, current power and energy curves of two identical modules with varying cleaning strategies (one was naturally dusty while the other was cleaned regularly) were measured. The impact of soiling on the daily energy produced as well as rain accumulation and particulate matter concentrations are discussed. The results indicated that no losses occurred during wet seasons, but a considerable decline in performance was found during dry periods owing to soiling. Additionally, it was discovered that soiling has a bigger effect on the maximum power than the short-circuit current. After two dry summer months, the greatest power loss of up to 22% was seen. The daily energy loss due to soiling was determined to be 16% on average. Furthermore, there are four polynomial models that have been drowned in prediction photovoltaic module (voltage, current, power, and energy) degradation due to the accumulation of dust.
{"title":"Experimental investigation of soiling effects on the photovoltaic modules energy generation","authors":"Gufran Adnan Jendar, Layth Abed Hasnawi Al-Rubaye, Imad Saeed Abdulrahman, Q. Hassan","doi":"10.1515/ehs-2022-0037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/ehs-2022-0037","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The article describes an experimental investigation of the impact of soiling on the photovoltaic modules in northeastern, Iraq. Over five months, the voltage, current power and energy curves of two identical modules with varying cleaning strategies (one was naturally dusty while the other was cleaned regularly) were measured. The impact of soiling on the daily energy produced as well as rain accumulation and particulate matter concentrations are discussed. The results indicated that no losses occurred during wet seasons, but a considerable decline in performance was found during dry periods owing to soiling. Additionally, it was discovered that soiling has a bigger effect on the maximum power than the short-circuit current. After two dry summer months, the greatest power loss of up to 22% was seen. The daily energy loss due to soiling was determined to be 16% on average. Furthermore, there are four polynomial models that have been drowned in prediction photovoltaic module (voltage, current, power, and energy) degradation due to the accumulation of dust.","PeriodicalId":36885,"journal":{"name":"Energy Harvesting and Systems","volume":"48 1","pages":"123 - 134"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88097697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Energy consumption in the field of transportation comes next to industrial consumption worldwide. If transportation is completely powered by renewable energy, the utilization of fossil fuels can be drastically reduced, which will result in a lesser amount of greenhouse gas emissions. Electric vehicles (EVs) can act as an alternative to make transportation pollution-free. Large-scale usage of EVs causes high electricity demand on the supply system. This problem can be overcome by utilizing renewable energy sources (RESs) for Electric Vehicle charging. Due to the unpredictability of RESs, coordinating EV charging with other loads and renewable generation is problematic. By using EVs as energy units, power fluctuations in the electric grid can be compensated. This paper presents a summary of recent research in the domain of integration of electric vehicles (EVs) to the smart grid. Electric vehicles-smart grid integrated systems face several issues related to communication, grid infrastructure and control in the future power system. Smart grid technologies are summarized in Section 2. The existing research articles in this area are classified into two based on the purpose: EVs integration into the electric grid and Vehicle to grid services. Finally, the research gaps and future scope of incorporating electric vehicles with renewable energy sources and the Smart grid are highlighted.
{"title":"A comprehensive review on electric vehicles: charging and control techniques, electric vehicle-grid integration","authors":"P. Femy, J. Jayakumar","doi":"10.1515/ehs-2021-0083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/ehs-2021-0083","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Energy consumption in the field of transportation comes next to industrial consumption worldwide. If transportation is completely powered by renewable energy, the utilization of fossil fuels can be drastically reduced, which will result in a lesser amount of greenhouse gas emissions. Electric vehicles (EVs) can act as an alternative to make transportation pollution-free. Large-scale usage of EVs causes high electricity demand on the supply system. This problem can be overcome by utilizing renewable energy sources (RESs) for Electric Vehicle charging. Due to the unpredictability of RESs, coordinating EV charging with other loads and renewable generation is problematic. By using EVs as energy units, power fluctuations in the electric grid can be compensated. This paper presents a summary of recent research in the domain of integration of electric vehicles (EVs) to the smart grid. Electric vehicles-smart grid integrated systems face several issues related to communication, grid infrastructure and control in the future power system. Smart grid technologies are summarized in Section 2. The existing research articles in this area are classified into two based on the purpose: EVs integration into the electric grid and Vehicle to grid services. Finally, the research gaps and future scope of incorporating electric vehicles with renewable energy sources and the Smart grid are highlighted.","PeriodicalId":36885,"journal":{"name":"Energy Harvesting and Systems","volume":"27 1","pages":"1 - 14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88728389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The flywheel is the simplest device for mechanical battery that can charge/discharge electricity by converting it into the kinetic energy of a rotating flywheel, and vice versa. The energy storage systems based on flywheel now arousing great interest, since this technology can offer great advantages in durability and lifetime. However, the flywheel performance rotation is limited by the strength of the materials, from which it is constructed, and the geometry. Greater control over those parameters could improve the development of high performance of a flywheel energy storage system (FESS). The main interest of this study is to demonstrate the influence degree of each parameter of geometry by using the mathematical method of design of experiments, in order to be able to optimize the adequate parameters for a high performed shape of the flywheel.
{"title":"Performance optimization of flywheel using experimental design approach","authors":"Abdelbaki Abdallah, S. Bendaoudi, M. Bounazef","doi":"10.1515/ehs-2022-0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/ehs-2022-0007","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The flywheel is the simplest device for mechanical battery that can charge/discharge electricity by converting it into the kinetic energy of a rotating flywheel, and vice versa. The energy storage systems based on flywheel now arousing great interest, since this technology can offer great advantages in durability and lifetime. However, the flywheel performance rotation is limited by the strength of the materials, from which it is constructed, and the geometry. Greater control over those parameters could improve the development of high performance of a flywheel energy storage system (FESS). The main interest of this study is to demonstrate the influence degree of each parameter of geometry by using the mathematical method of design of experiments, in order to be able to optimize the adequate parameters for a high performed shape of the flywheel.","PeriodicalId":36885,"journal":{"name":"Energy Harvesting and Systems","volume":"9 1","pages":"49 - 54"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90037772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chakib El Mokhi, Oumaima Choukai, H. Hachimi, Ahmed Ait Errouhi
Abstract The current study aims to investigate and optimize the photovoltaic systems currently in operation at the University of Ibn Tofail in Kenitra, Morocco. The University has started already since 2017 to integrate photovoltaic systems in the form of carports with the objective to reduce the invoices for electricity supplied from the utility grid by at least around 40%. Until then, the University avoided selling the energy surplus to the local electricity provider due to complicated bureaucratic regulations. However, due to the new law on renewable energy adopted by the Moroccan government in November 2021, it will be possible for private households and public service buildings to sell the entire excess of energy produced by renewable energy systems instead of only 20% of the surplus according to the previous law 13-09. For this purpose, this research project seeks to verify whether an expansion of the available photovoltaic installations and the sale of the energy surplus is worthwhile or not. This research work has been done with the optimization software HOMER Pro and presents the obtained optimized results and proposals of two new scenarios in comparison to already existing photovoltaic arrays.
{"title":"Assessment and optimization of photovoltaic systems at the University Ibn Tofail according to the new law on renewable energy in Morocco using HOMER Pro","authors":"Chakib El Mokhi, Oumaima Choukai, H. Hachimi, Ahmed Ait Errouhi","doi":"10.1515/ehs-2022-0035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/ehs-2022-0035","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The current study aims to investigate and optimize the photovoltaic systems currently in operation at the University of Ibn Tofail in Kenitra, Morocco. The University has started already since 2017 to integrate photovoltaic systems in the form of carports with the objective to reduce the invoices for electricity supplied from the utility grid by at least around 40%. Until then, the University avoided selling the energy surplus to the local electricity provider due to complicated bureaucratic regulations. However, due to the new law on renewable energy adopted by the Moroccan government in November 2021, it will be possible for private households and public service buildings to sell the entire excess of energy produced by renewable energy systems instead of only 20% of the surplus according to the previous law 13-09. For this purpose, this research project seeks to verify whether an expansion of the available photovoltaic installations and the sale of the energy surplus is worthwhile or not. This research work has been done with the optimization software HOMER Pro and presents the obtained optimized results and proposals of two new scenarios in comparison to already existing photovoltaic arrays.","PeriodicalId":36885,"journal":{"name":"Energy Harvesting and Systems","volume":"36 1","pages":"55 - 69"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88510422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Levitation based energy harvester (LBEH) is an energy harvesting technology which is used to convert the existing kinetic energy into electrical energy. The technique utilizes a levitating magnet which in a closed container vibrate or moves for the subjected vibrations. An outer coil which will extract energy into electrical voltage is carefully selected or designed or the rating. In this research work, a conventional LBEH is designed, simulated, and studied for a particular vibration data. The same is carried out in the FEM analysis software. The system is also mathematically derived and analyzed in the numerical tool. The results obtained from the numerical and FEM tool are compared. At the end of the research work, a parametric study is carried out for the variations in the input characteristics such as frequency, nature of vibrations and other parameters. Results obtained indicate that the power developed is maximum with a value of 0.7 V and 10 mW for the designed natural frequency of 10 Hz and decreases on either side as the bandwidth varies from 5 to 15 Hz.
{"title":"Modelling, design and parametric analysis of a levitation based energy harvester","authors":"Prajwal Kogodu Thirthappa, M. Krishnan","doi":"10.1515/ehs-2022-0034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/ehs-2022-0034","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Levitation based energy harvester (LBEH) is an energy harvesting technology which is used to convert the existing kinetic energy into electrical energy. The technique utilizes a levitating magnet which in a closed container vibrate or moves for the subjected vibrations. An outer coil which will extract energy into electrical voltage is carefully selected or designed or the rating. In this research work, a conventional LBEH is designed, simulated, and studied for a particular vibration data. The same is carried out in the FEM analysis software. The system is also mathematically derived and analyzed in the numerical tool. The results obtained from the numerical and FEM tool are compared. At the end of the research work, a parametric study is carried out for the variations in the input characteristics such as frequency, nature of vibrations and other parameters. Results obtained indicate that the power developed is maximum with a value of 0.7 V and 10 mW for the designed natural frequency of 10 Hz and decreases on either side as the bandwidth varies from 5 to 15 Hz.","PeriodicalId":36885,"journal":{"name":"Energy Harvesting and Systems","volume":"79 1","pages":"35 - 48"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85378942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract A high concentration high-temperature beam down solar point concentrator is proposed, coupled to thermal energy storage and a Stirling engine to deliver fully dispatchable electricity over 24 h. Full 24 h operation at nominal power is permitted during the month of maximum solar energy collection while in the month of minimum solar energy collection, the full power production is limited to 17.06 h. The monthly average capacity factors oscillate between 71 and 100%, with an average of 87.5%. Thanks to an electric heater for the heat storage fluid, the system can accept excess electricity from the grid to compensate for the loss of the solar energy collected every other month versus the solar energy collected during the best summer month, to operate at rated power 24 h a day in every day of the year. In this case, the capacity factor can reach 100% every month. By further increasing the size of the thermal energy storage and the power of the engine, the electric thermal energy storage capability of the system can be enhanced, increasing the amount of electricity otherwise wasted that could be collected from the grid to be then returned when needed.
{"title":"Dispatchable power supply from beam down solar point concentrator coupled to thermal energy storage and a Stirling engine","authors":"A. Boretti, Ayman al Maaitah","doi":"10.1515/ehs-2021-0053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/ehs-2021-0053","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A high concentration high-temperature beam down solar point concentrator is proposed, coupled to thermal energy storage and a Stirling engine to deliver fully dispatchable electricity over 24 h. Full 24 h operation at nominal power is permitted during the month of maximum solar energy collection while in the month of minimum solar energy collection, the full power production is limited to 17.06 h. The monthly average capacity factors oscillate between 71 and 100%, with an average of 87.5%. Thanks to an electric heater for the heat storage fluid, the system can accept excess electricity from the grid to compensate for the loss of the solar energy collected every other month versus the solar energy collected during the best summer month, to operate at rated power 24 h a day in every day of the year. In this case, the capacity factor can reach 100% every month. By further increasing the size of the thermal energy storage and the power of the engine, the electric thermal energy storage capability of the system can be enhanced, increasing the amount of electricity otherwise wasted that could be collected from the grid to be then returned when needed.","PeriodicalId":36885,"journal":{"name":"Energy Harvesting and Systems","volume":"67 1","pages":"25 - 33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85619958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This study analyzes the feasibility of the photovoltaic-thermoelectric (PV-TE) hybrid system and examines the appropriate parameters to optimize the design of the hybrid system. A new formula that sets a minimal working condition from which the output power of the hybrid system will exceed that of the PV cell alone at 298 K was developed. The experimental results showed that the hybrid system outperformed the PV cell alone at 298 K, once the minimal working condition is attained. Moreover, the results illustrated that we can enhance the performance with a slight change in the cold side temperature of the TE using PV cells with a relatively small temperature coefficient and efficiency. The results indicated also that the model can produce trustworthy predictions, consequently, it may be useful during the design of a hybrid system with optimized performance.
{"title":"Evaluation of parameters influencing the performance of photovoltaic-thermoelectric (PV-TE) hybrid system","authors":"M. El Mliles, H. Amiry, Y. El kouari, A. Hajjaji","doi":"10.1515/ehs-2022-0015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/ehs-2022-0015","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study analyzes the feasibility of the photovoltaic-thermoelectric (PV-TE) hybrid system and examines the appropriate parameters to optimize the design of the hybrid system. A new formula that sets a minimal working condition from which the output power of the hybrid system will exceed that of the PV cell alone at 298 K was developed. The experimental results showed that the hybrid system outperformed the PV cell alone at 298 K, once the minimal working condition is attained. Moreover, the results illustrated that we can enhance the performance with a slight change in the cold side temperature of the TE using PV cells with a relatively small temperature coefficient and efficiency. The results indicated also that the model can produce trustworthy predictions, consequently, it may be useful during the design of a hybrid system with optimized performance.","PeriodicalId":36885,"journal":{"name":"Energy Harvesting and Systems","volume":"41 1","pages":"15 - 23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74180739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is composed of different sensors attached to the same wireless medium. Sensor node data is usually forwarded to the base station, where it has been stored, evaluated, and processed. Ring Routing, a new energy-efficient distributed routing protocol aimed at larger-scale WSN applications with mobile sink and motionless sensor nodes. The structure ring is quickly converted, and they are capable of switching positions with regular nodes in a simple and effective manner, thereby minimizing the hotspot problem. In the network system, the central node is considered, and ring nodes with a certain distance are established while creating a ring structure. Since the sink nodes are powered by batteries, they deplete their batteries quicker than the other nodes, which is attributable to the accumulation of data traffic into the sink. Furthermore, when the ring configuration is disrupted due to ring node expiration, data transfer becomes tedious and causes significant delay. As a ring node starts to exhaust, its neighbor takes over as the ring node, and this selection of the regular node as the ring node is done optimally based on Multiple-Fitness Parameters such as Four-level energy consumption (4En), Distance (distance between the ring node and the regular node Dist ring − reg and distance between network centers to regular node Δ D i s t C − r i n g ${Delta}Dis{t}_{C-ring}$ ) and delay S. Moreover, this optimal selection of the regular node to act as ring node will be carried out by a new hybrid algorithm referred to as Cuckoo Search Updated Sealion’s Attacking Technique (CSUSAT) that combines the standard crow search and sea lion optimization algorithm. At last, the supremacy of the presented approach is proved over other models.
无线传感器网络(WSN)是由连接在同一无线介质上的不同传感器组成的网络。传感器节点数据通常被转发到基站，在那里进行存储、评估和处理。环路由是一种新的高效节能的分布式路由协议，主要针对具有移动sink和静止传感器节点的大规模WSN应用。结构环转换速度快，能够简单有效地与规则节点交换位置，从而最大限度地减少热点问题。在网络系统中，在创建环形结构时考虑中心节点，建立一定距离的环形节点。由于汇聚节点由电池供电，因此它们比其他节点更快地耗尽电池，这是由于数据流量积累到汇聚节点。此外，当环节点过期导致环配置中断时，数据传输将变得繁琐，并导致严重的延迟。作为环节点开始排气,邻国接管环节点,这选择普通节点的节点环做四级能耗优化基于Multiple-Fitness参数如(4),距离(距离环节点和普通节点距离环−reg和网络之间的距离中心常规节点ΔD我s t C−r n g ${三角洲}说{t} _ {C - r} $)和延迟s .此外,这种常规节点作为环节点的最优选择将通过一种新的混合算法来实现，该算法将标准乌鸦搜索和海狮优化算法相结合，称为布谷鸟搜索更新海狮攻击技术(CSUSAT)。最后，证明了该方法相对于其他模型的优越性。
{"title":"Multi-level energy efficient cooperative scheme for ring based clustering in wireless sensor network","authors":"J. J. Sumesh, Maheswaran Chella Perumal","doi":"10.1515/ehs-2021-0031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/ehs-2021-0031","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is composed of different sensors attached to the same wireless medium. Sensor node data is usually forwarded to the base station, where it has been stored, evaluated, and processed. Ring Routing, a new energy-efficient distributed routing protocol aimed at larger-scale WSN applications with mobile sink and motionless sensor nodes. The structure ring is quickly converted, and they are capable of switching positions with regular nodes in a simple and effective manner, thereby minimizing the hotspot problem. In the network system, the central node is considered, and ring nodes with a certain distance are established while creating a ring structure. Since the sink nodes are powered by batteries, they deplete their batteries quicker than the other nodes, which is attributable to the accumulation of data traffic into the sink. Furthermore, when the ring configuration is disrupted due to ring node expiration, data transfer becomes tedious and causes significant delay. As a ring node starts to exhaust, its neighbor takes over as the ring node, and this selection of the regular node as the ring node is done optimally based on Multiple-Fitness Parameters such as Four-level energy consumption (4En), Distance (distance between the ring node and the regular node Dist ring − reg and distance between network centers to regular node Δ D i s t C − r i n g ${Delta}Dis{t}_{C-ring}$ ) and delay S. Moreover, this optimal selection of the regular node to act as ring node will be carried out by a new hybrid algorithm referred to as Cuckoo Search Updated Sealion’s Attacking Technique (CSUSAT) that combines the standard crow search and sea lion optimization algorithm. At last, the supremacy of the presented approach is proved over other models.","PeriodicalId":36885,"journal":{"name":"Energy Harvesting and Systems","volume":"17 1","pages":"133 - 150"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81542695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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