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Citizen science “from the margins”: epistemologies of ignorance in the Movement of Women with Endometriosis in Mexico “来自边缘”的公民科学:墨西哥子宫内膜异位症妇女运动中的无知认识论
Q2 HISTORY & PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE Pub Date : 2023-10-31 DOI: 10.1080/25729861.2023.2247834
Julieta Piña-Romero
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引用次数: 0
Two analyses of Pratik Chakrabarti's Inscriptions of nature: geology and the naturalization of antiquity Following are two reviews of this book, the first by Maria Paz Almenara Unten, and the second by N. Bucky Stanton Inscriptions of nature: geology and the naturalization of antiquity , by Pratik Chakrabarti, Baltimore, MD, Johns Hopkins University Press, 2020, 280pp., US$57.00 (hardcover), ISBN 9781421438740 以下是对这本书的两篇评论,第一篇由Maria Paz Almenara Unten撰写,第二篇由N. Bucky Stanton撰写,自然的碑文:地质学和古代的自然化,由Pratik Chakrabarti撰写,巴尔的摩,马里兰州,约翰霍普金斯大学出版社,2020年,280页。, 57.00美元(精装),ISBN 9781421438740
Q2 HISTORY & PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE Pub Date : 2023-10-18 DOI: 10.1080/25729861.2023.2218952
Maria Paz Almenara Unten, N. Bucky Stanton
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引用次数: 0
Understanding mechanisms of knowledge co-production in peace research projects supported by international cooperation 了解由国际合作支持的和平研究项目的知识共同生产机制
Q2 HISTORY & PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE Pub Date : 2023-10-17 DOI: 10.1080/25729861.2023.2236507
Carlos Mauricio Nupia, Laura Valencia Espinosa
Although critical studies on peace and conflict studies have addressed the topic of knowledge production and peacebuilding, this is not a highly discussed issue in the literature. There is no unique or unambiguous conceptual framework to analyze this topic. This article shows conceptual elements that must be considered to understand the interaction between local and scientific knowledge in research projects on peace and peacebuilding; and reflects on what types of problems emerge when local and expert knowledge interact within the context of international cooperation projects. Based on the evidence collected during one workshop with Colombian researchers and the analysis of fifty research proposals funded by the German Colombian Peace Institute (CAPAZ) between 2017 and 2021, this article identifies topics, methodologies and products that suggest the existence of hybridization and co-production practices of knowledge when research on peacebuilding and conflict is designed and conceived.
虽然对和平与冲突研究的批判性研究已经解决了知识生产和建设和平的主题,但这并不是一个在文献中得到高度讨论的问题。没有一个独特的或明确的概念框架来分析这个主题。本文展示了在和平与建设和平研究项目中必须考虑的概念要素,以便理解当地知识与科学知识之间的相互作用;并反思在国际合作项目的背景下,当地方知识和专家知识相互作用时会出现什么样的问题。根据与哥伦比亚研究人员在一次研讨会上收集的证据,以及对2017年至2021年期间由德国哥伦比亚和平研究所(CAPAZ)资助的50项研究提案的分析,本文确定了在设计和构思建设和平与冲突研究时,存在杂交和知识合作生产实践的主题、方法和产品。
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引用次数: 0
Critical mass: the creation of Pajarero */Birder communities in Mexico for citizen science 临界质量:为公民科学在墨西哥创建Pajarero */Birder社区
Q2 HISTORY & PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE Pub Date : 2023-10-17 DOI: 10.1080/25729861.2023.2254620
L. Arturo Vallejo-Novoa
Birding (pajareo) precedes the field of citizen science by decades, if not centuries. However, by being incorporated into institutional programs and digital platforms [Invernizzi, N. 2020. “Public Participation and Democratization: Effects on the Production and Consumption of Science and Technology.” Tapuya: Latin American Science, Technology and Society 3 (1): 227–253. https://do.org/10.1080/25729861.2020.1835225], birding has been inscribed into the logic of data-intensive science [Scroggins, M. J., and I. V. Pasquetto. 2020. “Labor Out of Place: On the Varieties and Valences of (In)Visible Labor in Data-Intensive Science.” Engaging Science, Technology, and Society 6:111–132. https://do.org/10.17351/ests2020.341], with the premise of increasing the number of volunteers to accumulate more and more data. The history of these practices in Mexico is very recent, dating back only about 15 years. The explosion in the number of practitioners since then has been largely the product of institutional arrangements and top-down initiatives carried out by Mexican government environmental agencies. Building on recent STS approaches to public participation that conceive citizen science as a situated and contextual phenomenon, I propose that public policies can be legitimately used to create publics. From the study of interviews, visual materials, participant observation in birding field trips, and other ethnographic materials, I recover the different stories that have led to the creation of brigades, groups, and observation clubs in Mexico. I argue that this approach allows us to go beyond normative positions and present a much more complex reality than the mere instrumental relationship between institutions and communities.
观鸟(pajareo)比公民科学领域早几十年,如果不是几个世纪的话。然而,通过将其纳入机构计划和数字平台[Invernizzi, N. 2020]。公众参与与民主化:对科技生产与消费的影响中国科学技术与社会,3(1):227-253。https://do.org/10.1080/25729861.2020.1835225],观鸟已经被嵌入到数据密集型科学的逻辑中[Scroggins, m.j.和i.v. Pasquetto. 2020]。错位的劳动:论数据密集型科学中可见劳动的种类和价值参与科学,技术和社会6:111-132。https://do.org/10.17351/ests2020.341],在增加志愿者人数的前提下积累越来越多的数据。这些做法在墨西哥的历史很近,只有大约15年的历史。从那时起,从业者数量的爆炸式增长在很大程度上是墨西哥政府环境机构实施的制度安排和自上而下的倡议的产物。基于最近STS的公众参与方法,我建议公共政策可以合法地用于创造公众,这些方法将公民科学视为一种情境和背景现象。通过对采访、视觉材料、观鸟实地考察中的参与观察和其他人种学材料的研究,我发现了导致在墨西哥建立旅、团体和观察俱乐部的不同故事。我认为,这种方法使我们能够超越规范立场,呈现出比机构和社区之间的工具关系更为复杂的现实。
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引用次数: 0
Pollution, obligation, and care: perspectives from artisanal and small-scale gold mining and farming in rural Colombia 污染、义务和关怀:来自哥伦比亚农村手工和小规模金矿开采和农业的视角
Q2 HISTORY & PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE Pub Date : 2023-10-04 DOI: 10.1080/25729861.2023.2243762
Jessica Smith, Cecilia Schroeder, Kathleen Smits, Juan Lucena, Oscar Restrepo Baena
People making a living in rural Antioquia, Colombia, find themselves in a double bind: they require a healthy environment to farm and grow food, but many turn to artisanal and small-scale gold mining (ASGM) to supplement their incomes. The significant environmental harms associated with ASGM – from mercury and other heavy-metal contamination to deforestation and habitat loss – have led to both academic and popular discourse treating ASGM as an environmental problem to be understood and remedied scientifically. Our research in the small town of Andes (Antioquia region in Colombia) investigated how local residents themselves understood “pollution.” Drawing on a literature review, archival research, site visits, and interviews with experts and local residents, we show that rural people understood pollution as emergent from complex webs of relationships and longer histories of government neglect. Exploring how people made sense of harm and expressed care builds on research in STS that demonstrates both the potentials and pitfalls for scientific concepts and tools to understand and intervene in compromised environments.
在哥伦比亚安蒂奥基亚农村谋生的人们发现自己处于双重困境:他们需要一个健康的环境来耕种和种植粮食,但许多人转向手工和小规模金矿开采(ASGM)来补充收入。与ASGM相关的重大环境危害——从汞和其他重金属污染到森林砍伐和栖息地丧失——导致学术和大众话语都将ASGM视为一个需要科学理解和补救的环境问题。我们在安第斯小镇(哥伦比亚安蒂奥基亚地区)的研究调查了当地居民如何理解“污染”。通过文献综述、档案研究、实地考察以及对专家和当地居民的采访,我们表明,农村居民将污染理解为复杂的关系网络和长期政府忽视的产物。探索人们如何理解伤害和表达关怀建立在STS研究的基础上,该研究展示了科学概念和工具在理解和干预受损环境方面的潜力和缺陷。
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引用次数: 0
Epistemic activism and the production of spatial knowledge in Argentina 阿根廷的认知行动主义和空间知识的生产
Q2 HISTORY & PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE Pub Date : 2023-10-04 DOI: 10.1080/25729861.2023.2216098
Oscar Vallejos, Norma Levrand, Gabriel Matharan
In this article, we analyze the existence of spatial activism in Argentina, characterized by the production of spatial knowledge. This type of activism is part of what is called here “epistemic activism.” The hypothesis held by this research is that contemporary activism appears on the condition that: it invents and mobilizes (uses) concepts to produce and channel public deliberation in a framework that enlightens the social problem in question in a new fashion, and in turn, influences political action. Thus there is awareness (a form of reflection) about the fact that the transformation of this world depends radically on epistemic ascent. The desire to change the world is mobilized by the imaginary those concepts allow.
本文分析了以空间知识生产为特征的空间行动主义在阿根廷的存在。这种行动主义是这里所说的“认识论行动主义”的一部分。本研究的假设是,当代行动主义出现的条件是:它发明和动员(使用)概念,在一个框架内产生和引导公众审议,以一种新的方式启发所讨论的社会问题,并反过来影响政治行动。因此,人们意识到(一种反思形式)这个世界的转变从根本上取决于认识论的提升。改变世界的欲望是由这些概念所允许的想象所激发的。
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引用次数: 0
One alternative health device! A methodological proposal to analyze research projects’ orientation towards national health problems 另一种健康装置!分析研究项目对国家卫生问题的导向的方法建议
Q2 HISTORY & PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE Pub Date : 2023-09-20 DOI: 10.1080/25729861.2023.2196236
José Miguel Natera, Soledad Rojas-Rajs
In this paper, we present a device to generate assessment tools for research projects oriented to collaborate with national health problems. We made use of the Stokes’ model (1997) for knowledge production as an analytical framework that shows the interaction between two dimensions: the consideration of use and the search of fundamental knowledge. We made an explicit effort to incorporate the social participation in science as a complementary dimension to scientific knowledge production, to generate a device based on the Stokes’ model. When operationalizing it, we presented a set of orienting scales that are useful when dealing with the complex task of generating research projects’ assessment tools. We conclude that methodological proposals for research evaluation are much needed and that devices like this should be taken as a part of human decision-making processes, not as a substitute for them.
在本文中,我们提出了一个装置,以产生评估工具的研究项目导向与国家卫生问题的合作。我们使用Stokes的知识生产模型(1997)作为分析框架,显示了两个维度之间的相互作用:考虑使用和寻找基础知识。我们做出了明确的努力,将社会参与科学作为科学知识生产的补充维度,以生成基于Stokes模型的设备。在操作它时,我们提出了一套定位尺度,在处理生成研究项目评估工具的复杂任务时很有用。我们的结论是,研究评估的方法建议是非常需要的,像这样的设备应该被视为人类决策过程的一部分,而不是作为它们的替代品。
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引用次数: 0
Enlarging the knowledge transfer realm through engagement with research stakeholders: a conversation attempt with action research 通过与研究利益相关者的接触扩大知识转移领域:与行动研究的对话尝试
Q2 HISTORY & PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE Pub Date : 2023-09-15 DOI: 10.1080/25729861.2023.2213596
Joaquín M. Azagra-Caro, Alejandra Boni
Many knowledge transfer studies analyze channels that carry knowledge from university to industry and society. Action research has become a method to produce and transfer scientific knowledge at the same time; however, knowledge transfer studies rarely employ action research, and action research has rarely addressed the topic of knowledge transfer. Hence, there have been few opportunities to reflect upon the boundaries between the object of knowledge transfer studies and the knowledge transfer embodied in action research. Here, we present a first theoretical attempt to fill this gap, clarifying the concepts at play and drawing lessons for knowledge transfer studies about the dimensions through which knowledge transfer occurs in the communicative space generated during action research. We also ground our reflections on the suitability of introducing action research in knowledge transfer studies by conducting interviews with some of the most influential researchers in the field. Action research is posited as a way to increase engagement with research stakeholders, as called for by current demands to achieve higher societal impact. Engagement is highlighted as a source of key concepts and improved interpretation of results in knowledge transfer studies.
许多知识转移研究分析了将知识从大学传递到产业和社会的渠道。行动研究已经成为一种同时产生和传递科学知识的方法;然而,知识转移研究很少采用行动研究,而行动研究也很少涉及知识转移这一主题。因此,很少有机会反思知识转移研究的对象与行动研究中体现的知识转移之间的界限。在此,我们提出了填补这一空白的第一个理论尝试,澄清了在行动研究中产生的交流空间中知识转移的维度,并为知识转移研究提供了经验教训。我们还通过采访该领域一些最有影响力的研究人员,对在知识转移研究中引入行动研究的适用性进行了反思。行动研究被认为是增加与研究利益相关者接触的一种方式,这是当前实现更高社会影响的需求所要求的。在知识转移研究中,参与被强调为关键概念的来源和对结果的改进解释。
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引用次数: 0
“Hecho en México”: a media analysis of the first MRT baby 媒体对第一个MRT婴儿的分析
Q2 HISTORY & PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE Pub Date : 2023-09-14 DOI: 10.1080/25729861.2023.2245990
Sandra P. González-Santos, Abril Saldaña-Tejeda
2016 witnessed the birth of the first baby conceived using mitochondrial replacement technology (MRT), a procedure conducted by an international team in a Mexican clinic. The story soon made it to the international press, where authorship was assigned to the USA team and Mexico was described as lacking regulation, thus a suitable location. The Mexican media offered a different version. The baby was stamped as “made in Mexico” and the Mexican physician involved was described as a remarkable citizen and bold scientist. The story served as a counter-narrative to the one circulating in the press and academic circles. It dismantled the notion of Mexico as a country with “no rules” and instead offered a story of a country producing cutting-edge technology and of a government ready to back up scientific progress. In this paper, we analyze the performative acts that transformed this breakthrough into a national success and we ask about the role the Mexican team had in this accomplishment. This analysis contributes to the conversation held within the field of postcolonial science and technology studies, regarding knowledge production, authorship, and the role of science stories in the process of nation building.
2016年,第一个使用线粒体替代技术(MRT)的婴儿诞生了,这是一个国际团队在墨西哥诊所进行的手术。这个故事很快就被国际媒体报道,作者被指定为美国队,墨西哥被描述为缺乏监管,因此是一个合适的地点。墨西哥媒体提供了一个不同的版本。婴儿被盖上了“墨西哥制造”的印章,参与其中的墨西哥医生被描述为一位杰出的公民和大胆的科学家。这个故事与新闻界和学术界流传的故事相反。它打破了墨西哥是一个“没有规则”的国家的观念,取而代之的是一个生产尖端技术的国家和一个准备支持科学进步的政府的故事。在本文中,我们分析了将这一突破转化为国家成功的表演行为,并询问了墨西哥队在这一成就中所扮演的角色。这一分析有助于后殖民科学技术研究领域内关于知识生产、作者身份和科学故事在国家建设过程中的作用的对话。
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引用次数: 1
Interactive experiences in social science research in Mexico: networking and knowledge mobilization 墨西哥社会科学研究中的互动经验:网络与知识动员
Q2 HISTORY & PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE Pub Date : 2023-09-11 DOI: 10.1080/25729861.2023.2216100
Rosalba Casas
In the social sciences, a direct relationship with societal actors is an extended practice of conducting research, particularly in fields entailing in-depth empirical fieldwork. This paper analyzes the interactive processes observed in knowledge production in social sciences. The aim is to understand how these relationships are constructed between academic and non-academic actors, which is the goal of researchers in approaching social actors in this way, and the scope of these relationships for generating knowledge and addressing societal problems.Given the modalities of social science research, two frameworks are essential to analyzing these processes. On the one hand, there is the notion of knowledge networks. On the other, knowledge mobilization concerns understanding these processes and their linearity or non-linearity. In this paper, integrating both frameworks helps explain interactive social research.Based on recent empirical information about social sciences research in Mexico, this paper analyzes the dimensions of the interactive character of knowledge generation in these disciplines. The purpose of the paper is to document how the interactions between academic and non-academic actors are built during research; the characteristics of such collaborations; how the mobilization of knowledge occurs emphasizing learning processes and trust generation.
在社会科学中,与社会行为者的直接关系是开展研究的延伸实践,特别是在需要深入实证实地考察的领域。本文分析了社会科学知识生产中观察到的互动过程。目的是了解这些关系是如何在学术和非学术行为者之间构建的,这是研究人员以这种方式接近社会行为者的目标,以及这些关系在产生知识和解决社会问题方面的范围。鉴于社会科学研究的模式,两个框架对于分析这些过程是必不可少的。一方面,有知识网络的概念。另一方面,知识动员涉及理解这些过程及其线性或非线性。在本文中,整合这两个框架有助于解释互动社会研究。基于墨西哥社会科学研究的最新实证信息,本文分析了这些学科知识生成的互动特征的维度。本文的目的是记录学术和非学术行为者之间的互动是如何在研究过程中建立的;这种合作的特点;如何调动知识发生强调学习过程和信任的产生。
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引用次数: 0
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Tapuya: Latin American Science, Technology and Society
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