Pub Date : 2022-11-14DOI: 10.1080/25729861.2022.2126245
A. Medrado, I. Rega, Monique Paulla
ABSTRACT In this article, we analyze experiences in which Brazilian and Kenyan artivists (artists who are activists) used animation to challenge colonial hierarchies that devalue Global Southern knowledges, histories, and stories. We draw from ethnographic observations, in-depth interviews, and artivists’ experiences in two animation workshops: (a) Portrait of Marielle, produced with Kenyan artivists in Nairobi; (b) Homage to Wangarĩ Maathai, produced with Brazilian artivists in Salvador. We ask: how can artivist creative practices be used as tools for global movement building, contesting the colonial legacy of fragmented relationships between Global South peoples? We evoke decolonial and standpoint intersectional feminist perspectives to propose an understanding of artivism that considers the specificities of Global South contexts, connecting it to two axes: (a) establishing dialogical spaces and (b) mobilizing memories and histories. Our understanding of South-to-South artivist dialogues results from the ways in which notions of “pluriversality,” “incompleteness” and “humility,” which stem from Latin American and African scholarship are intertwined. When marginalized groups exchange “situated knowledges” and express themselves through artivism from “intersectional standpoints” or “lugares de fala,” this can have a binding nature, creating transformative connections between Global South peoples.
在本文中，我们分析了巴西和肯尼亚艺术家(积极分子艺术家)使用动画挑战贬低全球南方知识、历史和故事的殖民等级制度的经验。我们从人种学观察、深度访谈和艺术家在两个动画工作室的经验中汲取灵感:(a)玛丽埃尔的肖像，与内罗毕的肯尼亚艺术家一起制作;(b)向旺阿尔戈·马塔伊致敬，与萨尔瓦多的巴西艺术家合作制作。我们问:艺术家的创作实践如何被用作全球运动建设的工具，以对抗全球南方人民之间支离破碎的关系的殖民遗产?我们唤起非殖民化和交叉女权主义的观点，提出对艺术主义的理解，考虑到全球南方语境的特殊性，将其连接到两个轴:(a)建立对话空间和(b)动员记忆和历史。我们对南南艺术家对话的理解源于源于拉丁美洲和非洲学术的“多元性”、“不完整性”和“谦卑”概念相互交织的方式。当边缘群体交换“定位知识”并通过艺术主义从“交叉立场”或“lugares de fala”表达自己时，这可能具有约束力，在全球南方人民之间建立变革联系。
{"title":"South-to-South dialogues between Brazilian and Kenyan artivists: decolonial and intersectional feminist perspectives","authors":"A. Medrado, I. Rega, Monique Paulla","doi":"10.1080/25729861.2022.2126245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/25729861.2022.2126245","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In this article, we analyze experiences in which Brazilian and Kenyan artivists (artists who are activists) used animation to challenge colonial hierarchies that devalue Global Southern knowledges, histories, and stories. We draw from ethnographic observations, in-depth interviews, and artivists’ experiences in two animation workshops: (a) Portrait of Marielle, produced with Kenyan artivists in Nairobi; (b) Homage to Wangarĩ Maathai, produced with Brazilian artivists in Salvador. We ask: how can artivist creative practices be used as tools for global movement building, contesting the colonial legacy of fragmented relationships between Global South peoples? We evoke decolonial and standpoint intersectional feminist perspectives to propose an understanding of artivism that considers the specificities of Global South contexts, connecting it to two axes: (a) establishing dialogical spaces and (b) mobilizing memories and histories. Our understanding of South-to-South artivist dialogues results from the ways in which notions of “pluriversality,” “incompleteness” and “humility,” which stem from Latin American and African scholarship are intertwined. When marginalized groups exchange “situated knowledges” and express themselves through artivism from “intersectional standpoints” or “lugares de fala,” this can have a binding nature, creating transformative connections between Global South peoples.","PeriodicalId":36898,"journal":{"name":"Tapuya: Latin American Science, Technology and Society","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91367320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-12DOI: 10.1080/25729861.2022.2139913
Marcela Suárez Estrada, Sebastián Lehuedé
The expansion of digital infrastructure is having material and concrete impacts on society and the environment. This phenomenon is rendering obsolete binary distinctions between the “physical” and the “virtual” worlds. Giving a step further in this discussion, the articles comprising this Cluster trace the emergence of an imaginary that approaches territory as an actor actively shaping the development and governance of the internet. What we call the Terrestrial Internet is emerging from Indigenous, Afrodescendant, feminist and worker groups in Abya Yala (Latin America) envisioning alternative imaginaries as digital infrastructures expand in their contexts. In dialogue with science and technology studies (STS) and Latin American critical thought, we argue that this imaginary conceives of the internet as an earthly development whose material expansion is spurring novel human and non-human alliances and frictions, as well as colonial forms of territorial occupation. The articles that make up the Cluster were invited to respond key questions in times of terricide: What are the power dynamics of the disputed spaces that support the internet? What are the effects of such dynamics on territories and their various ways of life in Abya Yala? What imaginaries are put in motion as a response? The emergence of the internet was accompanied by claims on its alleged “cyber” or “virtual” character, as if it would be a realm different from the “physical” world. However, phenomena such as the increasing extraction of lithium to build so-called “green” technologies (Peña 2020) and disputes over the vast volumes of water required to cool off data centers (Hogan 2015; Hu 2015) are rendering such deterritorialized imaginaries obsolete. The concrete and material character of the aforementioned phenomena were overlooked in initial accounts of the impact of the internet, but are becoming now increasingly relevant for understanding the range of inequalities and politics associated with the development and expansion of the so-called network of networks. Looking at the materialization of these trends in Abya Yala, this Cluster develops the Terrestrial Internet imaginary by drawing on a series of articles chronicling varied
{"title":"Towards a Terrestrial Internet: re-imagining digital networks from the ground up","authors":"Marcela Suárez Estrada, Sebastián Lehuedé","doi":"10.1080/25729861.2022.2139913","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/25729861.2022.2139913","url":null,"abstract":"The expansion of digital infrastructure is having material and concrete impacts on society and the environment. This phenomenon is rendering obsolete binary distinctions between the “physical” and the “virtual” worlds. Giving a step further in this discussion, the articles comprising this Cluster trace the emergence of an imaginary that approaches territory as an actor actively shaping the development and governance of the internet. What we call the Terrestrial Internet is emerging from Indigenous, Afrodescendant, feminist and worker groups in Abya Yala (Latin America) envisioning alternative imaginaries as digital infrastructures expand in their contexts. In dialogue with science and technology studies (STS) and Latin American critical thought, we argue that this imaginary conceives of the internet as an earthly development whose material expansion is spurring novel human and non-human alliances and frictions, as well as colonial forms of territorial occupation. The articles that make up the Cluster were invited to respond key questions in times of terricide: What are the power dynamics of the disputed spaces that support the internet? What are the effects of such dynamics on territories and their various ways of life in Abya Yala? What imaginaries are put in motion as a response? The emergence of the internet was accompanied by claims on its alleged “cyber” or “virtual” character, as if it would be a realm different from the “physical” world. However, phenomena such as the increasing extraction of lithium to build so-called “green” technologies (Peña 2020) and disputes over the vast volumes of water required to cool off data centers (Hogan 2015; Hu 2015) are rendering such deterritorialized imaginaries obsolete. The concrete and material character of the aforementioned phenomena were overlooked in initial accounts of the impact of the internet, but are becoming now increasingly relevant for understanding the range of inequalities and politics associated with the development and expansion of the so-called network of networks. Looking at the materialization of these trends in Abya Yala, this Cluster develops the Terrestrial Internet imaginary by drawing on a series of articles chronicling varied","PeriodicalId":36898,"journal":{"name":"Tapuya: Latin American Science, Technology and Society","volume":"72 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82868671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-11DOI: 10.1080/25729861.2022.2128593
B. Mendoza, S. Harding
The history of the peoples of African origin in (so-called) Latin America and the Caribbean is largely unknown in the United States. This is unfortunate. Africans or people of African descent today represent 33% of the population in the region. 1 What accounts for this invisibility?
{"title":"South Atlantic science and technology studies: histories and practices","authors":"B. Mendoza, S. Harding","doi":"10.1080/25729861.2022.2128593","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/25729861.2022.2128593","url":null,"abstract":"The history of the peoples of African origin in (so-called) Latin America and the Caribbean is largely unknown in the United States. This is unfortunate. Africans or people of African descent today represent 33% of the population in the region. 1 What accounts for this invisibility?","PeriodicalId":36898,"journal":{"name":"Tapuya: Latin American Science, Technology and Society","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85355914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT Citizen science has grown as a promising way to promote scientific education and democracy. However, the realization of these goals has been hampered as most programs in educational and other settings have used top-down approaches (where scientists direct the whole research path). Here we present a school bottom-up initiative, where students’ interests are raised and collaborative projects are developed in academies formed by students, teachers and scientists. Projects addressing local territorial identities are especially motivated by the program. In this work, we explored: (i) diversity of interests, (ii) learning outcomes, and (iii) the scientific quality of the projects. In two years of implementation in the intercultural south of Chile, we have worked with 52 academies, in projects covering a variety of research topics, including some that seek to rescue Mapuche’s traditional knowledge. We have observed the promotion of scientific and socioemotional skills in students, and projects have been judged of high quality by independent panels of experts. These results support the feasibility of citizen science to promote learning and to foster links between school and scientific institutions towards a more democratic scientific development.
{"title":"The EXPLORA model of citizen science at schools: design and implementation in the intercultural south of Chile","authors":"Camilo Gouet Hiriart, Daniela Salazar Rodríguez, Wladimir Riquelme Maulén, Alejandra Rojo Almarza, Daniel Opazo Bunster","doi":"10.1080/25729861.2022.2117492","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/25729861.2022.2117492","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Citizen science has grown as a promising way to promote scientific education and democracy. However, the realization of these goals has been hampered as most programs in educational and other settings have used top-down approaches (where scientists direct the whole research path). Here we present a school bottom-up initiative, where students’ interests are raised and collaborative projects are developed in academies formed by students, teachers and scientists. Projects addressing local territorial identities are especially motivated by the program. In this work, we explored: (i) diversity of interests, (ii) learning outcomes, and (iii) the scientific quality of the projects. In two years of implementation in the intercultural south of Chile, we have worked with 52 academies, in projects covering a variety of research topics, including some that seek to rescue Mapuche’s traditional knowledge. We have observed the promotion of scientific and socioemotional skills in students, and projects have been judged of high quality by independent panels of experts. These results support the feasibility of citizen science to promote learning and to foster links between school and scientific institutions towards a more democratic scientific development.","PeriodicalId":36898,"journal":{"name":"Tapuya: Latin American Science, Technology and Society","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84659390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-08DOI: 10.1080/25729861.2022.2127231
L. Alcoff
ABSTRACT This paper develops an account and critique of extractivist epistemologies, which are generated by extractivist projects. I argue that certain metaphysical and epistemological ideas and practices emerge from extractivist projects, and these ideas and practices have influenced the development of Western epistemologies. After presenting a critique, I develop four correct epistemic norms to counteract the effect of extracivist epistemologies: these all center on the question of relationships among knowers and the contextual embeddedness of knowledges.
{"title":"Extractivist epistemologies","authors":"L. Alcoff","doi":"10.1080/25729861.2022.2127231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/25729861.2022.2127231","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper develops an account and critique of extractivist epistemologies, which are generated by extractivist projects. I argue that certain metaphysical and epistemological ideas and practices emerge from extractivist projects, and these ideas and practices have influenced the development of Western epistemologies. After presenting a critique, I develop four correct epistemic norms to counteract the effect of extracivist epistemologies: these all center on the question of relationships among knowers and the contextual embeddedness of knowledges.","PeriodicalId":36898,"journal":{"name":"Tapuya: Latin American Science, Technology and Society","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78185608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-07DOI: 10.1080/25729861.2022.2064046
Javier Guerrero-C
{"title":"Stupid outcomes: the myth of artificial intelligence and the fantasies of machinic objectivity","authors":"Javier Guerrero-C","doi":"10.1080/25729861.2022.2064046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/25729861.2022.2064046","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36898,"journal":{"name":"Tapuya: Latin American Science, Technology and Society","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75998421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-03DOI: 10.1080/25729861.2022.2117491
Mariano Zukerfeld, Santiago Liaudat, María Sol Terlizzi, C. Monti, Carolina Unzurrunzaga
ABSTRACT The aim of this study is to investigate the different types of access to scientific literature used by Argentinean researchers. This paper focuses particularly on the extent to which the illegal route is resorted to, the motivations for resorting to it, representations of legality and moral acceptability, and the relationship between productivity and different access routes. In order to tackle these topics, a survey was carried out among CONICET researchers. The main findings are as follows. The use of the illegal route is massive and widespread; it does not replace but rather coexists with the use of legal routes; there is a striking disconnection between the representations of legality and morality, and the motivations for using the illegal route are both practical and axiological.
{"title":"A specter is haunting science, the specter of piracy. A case study on the use of illegal routes of access to scientific literature by Argentinean researchers","authors":"Mariano Zukerfeld, Santiago Liaudat, María Sol Terlizzi, C. Monti, Carolina Unzurrunzaga","doi":"10.1080/25729861.2022.2117491","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/25729861.2022.2117491","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The aim of this study is to investigate the different types of access to scientific literature used by Argentinean researchers. This paper focuses particularly on the extent to which the illegal route is resorted to, the motivations for resorting to it, representations of legality and moral acceptability, and the relationship between productivity and different access routes. In order to tackle these topics, a survey was carried out among CONICET researchers. The main findings are as follows. The use of the illegal route is massive and widespread; it does not replace but rather coexists with the use of legal routes; there is a striking disconnection between the representations of legality and morality, and the motivations for using the illegal route are both practical and axiological.","PeriodicalId":36898,"journal":{"name":"Tapuya: Latin American Science, Technology and Society","volume":"405 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78995874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-03DOI: 10.1080/25729861.2022.2127541
Saudi Garcia
{"title":"Degrees of mixture, degrees of freedom: genomics, multiculturalism, and race in Latin America","authors":"Saudi Garcia","doi":"10.1080/25729861.2022.2127541","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/25729861.2022.2127541","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36898,"journal":{"name":"Tapuya: Latin American Science, Technology and Society","volume":"PP 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84546541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-31DOI: 10.1080/25729861.2022.2117480
Claudia Magallanes-Blanco
Pulgarón Garzón (2019) from Cuba shows how Rastafari culture converges with the decolonial perspective to investigate the forms of struggle and resistance generated by black communities and social movements of modern Africa. The author seeks to build knowledge about Rastafari culture, recognizing and listening to the voices and experiences of its protagonists. The ways of doing the Rastafarian subjects, their discourses
{"title":"Afro-descendancies in Latin America","authors":"Claudia Magallanes-Blanco","doi":"10.1080/25729861.2022.2117480","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/25729861.2022.2117480","url":null,"abstract":"Pulgarón Garzón (2019) from Cuba shows how Rastafari culture converges with the decolonial perspective to investigate the forms of struggle and resistance generated by black communities and social movements of modern Africa. The author seeks to build knowledge about Rastafari culture, recognizing and listening to the voices and experiences of its protagonists. The ways of doing the Rastafarian subjects, their discourses","PeriodicalId":36898,"journal":{"name":"Tapuya: Latin American Science, Technology and Society","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81000492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-31DOI: 10.1080/25729861.2022.2111106
Paola Diaz Lize, Annalisa Fischer
ABSTRACT In this article, we analyze three forensic and counter-forensic devices that go beyond the strictly medico-legal realm to show which concrete practices and truth-spots contribute to (re)constructing a public account of migrant deaths and disappearances along border zones. Drawing on written documents and semi-structured interviews, we examine operations led by the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) in Europe and Africa, the work of the Pima County Office of the Medical Examiner (PCOME) together with the NGO Colibrí Center for Human Rights in Arizona, and Forensic Oceanography's (FO) open-source investigations of shipwrecks of migrants in the Central Mediterranean Sea and the structural violence embedded in militarized border regimes. We argue that these practices constitute factualization devices, namely practices that transform lived experience of death and disappearance into an objectified reality that can be visibilized and mobilized in the public sphere as part of a counter-narrative. We demonstrate how these factualization practices are imbricated in valuation practices, i.e. practices that ascribe not only an epistemological but also an ethical, aesthetic and political value to the work of objectification, which inform the production of truth narratives.
{"title":"Death and disappearance at border crossings: factualization devices and truth(s) accounts","authors":"Paola Diaz Lize, Annalisa Fischer","doi":"10.1080/25729861.2022.2111106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/25729861.2022.2111106","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In this article, we analyze three forensic and counter-forensic devices that go beyond the strictly medico-legal realm to show which concrete practices and truth-spots contribute to (re)constructing a public account of migrant deaths and disappearances along border zones. Drawing on written documents and semi-structured interviews, we examine operations led by the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) in Europe and Africa, the work of the Pima County Office of the Medical Examiner (PCOME) together with the NGO Colibrí Center for Human Rights in Arizona, and Forensic Oceanography's (FO) open-source investigations of shipwrecks of migrants in the Central Mediterranean Sea and the structural violence embedded in militarized border regimes. We argue that these practices constitute factualization devices, namely practices that transform lived experience of death and disappearance into an objectified reality that can be visibilized and mobilized in the public sphere as part of a counter-narrative. We demonstrate how these factualization practices are imbricated in valuation practices, i.e. practices that ascribe not only an epistemological but also an ethical, aesthetic and political value to the work of objectification, which inform the production of truth narratives.","PeriodicalId":36898,"journal":{"name":"Tapuya: Latin American Science, Technology and Society","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78837283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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