Journal of Membrane Science最新文献_第2页

Experimental and simulation study of single-matrix, all-polymeric thin-film composite membranes for CO2 capture: Block vs random copolymers 用于二氧化碳捕集的单基质全聚合物薄膜复合膜的实验和模拟研究：嵌段共聚物与无规共聚物

IF 8.4 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Journal of Membrane Science

Pub Date : 2024-11-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2024.123496

Seung Jae Moon , Seungho Yu , Na Yeong Oh , Ki Chul Kim , Jong Hak Kim

High-performance, additive-free, all-polymeric thin-film composite (TFC) membranes were developed for CO₂ capture, focusing on a comparison between block and random copolymers (referred to as PTF) composed of hydrophobic poly(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl methacrylate) (PTFEMA) and CO₂-philic polar poly(oxyethylene methacrylate) (POEM) chains. The PTF random copolymer, synthesized via free-radical polymerization (FRP), exhibited a disordered morphology. In contrast, the PTF block copolymer, synthesized via reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization, formed a well-ordered hexagonally packed cylindrical structure, creating an amphiphilic, microphase-separated nanostructure. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations revealed that in both copolymers, there was minimal interaction between the gases (CO₂ and N₂) and the hydrophobic PTFEMA segments, while CO₂ showed strong affinity for the hydrophilic POEM segments. The block and random copolymers demonstrated similar CO₂ permeance, which can be attributed to their comparable CO₂ diffusivity and solubility. However, the block copolymer exhibited significantly lower N₂ permeance than the random copolymer, resulting in nearly quadruple the CO₂/N₂ selectivity. This increase in selectivity was supported by the lower N₂ mean squared displacement (indicating reduced diffusivity) observed in the block copolymer. The PTF block copolymer outperformed the commercial Pebax block copolymer, achieving CO₂ capture efficiencies that surpass industrial standards for CO₂ separation and capture. This positions the single-matrix PTF block copolymer as a promising alternative to mixed-matrix membranes for practical applications in gas separation technologies.

我们开发了用于二氧化碳捕集的高性能、无添加剂、全聚合物薄膜复合膜（TFC），重点比较了由疏水性聚（2,2,2-三氟乙基甲基丙烯酸酯）（PTFEMA）和亲二氧化碳的极性聚（甲基丙烯酸氧乙酯）（POEM）链组成的嵌段共聚物和无规共聚物（简称 PTF）。通过自由基聚合（FRP）合成的 PTF 无规共聚物呈现出无序形态。与此相反，通过可逆加成-碎片链转移（RAFT）聚合合成的 PTF 嵌段共聚物则形成了有序的六角形柱状结构，形成了两亲、微相分离的纳米结构。分子动力学（MD）模拟显示，在这两种共聚物中，气体（CO₂ 和 N₂）与疏水性 PTFEMA 段的相互作用极小，而 CO₂ 与亲水性 POEM 段的亲和力很强。嵌段共聚物和无规共聚物表现出相似的 CO₂ 渗透性，这可归因于它们具有相似的 CO₂ 扩散性和溶解性。不过，嵌段共聚物的 N₂ 渗透率明显低于无规共聚物，从而使 CO₂/N₂ 的选择性提高了近四倍。在嵌段共聚物中观察到的较低的 N₂ 平均平方位移（表明扩散性降低）也支持了选择性的提高。PTF 嵌段聚合物的性能优于商用 Pebax 嵌段聚合物，其 CO₂ 捕获效率超过了 CO₂ 分离和捕获的工业标准。这使得单基质 PTF 嵌段共聚物有望成为混合基质膜的替代品，用于气体分离技术的实际应用。

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引用次数: 0

The effect of Sharklet patterns on thermal efficiency and salt-scaling resistance of poly (vinylidene fluoride) membranes during direct contact membrane distillation 直接接触膜蒸馏过程中鲨鱼鳍图案对聚（偏氟乙烯）膜热效率和抗盐垢能力的影响

IF 8.4 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Journal of Membrane Science

Pub Date : 2024-11-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2024.123476

Shouhong Fan , Duong T. Nguyen , Jaylene Martinez , John Chau , Kieran Fung , Kamalesh Sirkar , Anthony P. Straub , Yifu Ding

Membrane distillation (MD) can treat high-salinity brine. However, the system's efficiency is hindered by obstacles, including salt scaling and temperature polarization. When properly implemented, surface patterns can improve the mass and heat transfer in the boundary layer, which leads to higher MD efficiency. In this work, the performance of direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) using Sharklet-patterned poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) membranes is investigated. Both non-patterned and patterned PVDF membranes are prepared by lithographically templated thermally induced phase separation (lt-TIPS) process with optimized conditions. Sharklet patterns on the membranes improve the DCMD performance: up to 17 % higher water flux and 35 % increased brine-side heat transfer coefficient. The scaling resistance of the membranes during DCMD is tested by both saturated CaSO₄ solution and hypersaline NaCl solutions. Patterned PVDF membranes show an average of 30 % higher water flux and up to 45 % lessened flux decline over time compared with non-patterned membranes when treating high-concentration brines. Post-mortem analysis reveals that Sharklet-patterned membranes display less salt-scaling on surfaces with smaller-sized CaSO₄ and NaCl crystals, maintain a relatively cleaner surface, and exhibit better retention of hydrophobicity.

膜蒸馏（MD）可以处理高盐度盐水。然而，该系统的效率受到盐结垢和温度极化等障碍的阻碍。如果实施得当，表面图案可以改善边界层的传质和传热，从而提高 MD 效率。在这项工作中，研究了使用鲨鱼鳍图案聚偏二氟乙烯（PVDF）膜的直接接触膜蒸馏（DCMD）的性能。无图案和有图案的聚偏氟乙烯（PVDF）膜都是通过光刻模板热诱导相分离（lt-TIPS）工艺和优化条件制备的。膜上的鲨鱼鳍图案提高了 DCMD 的性能：水通量提高了 17%，盐水侧传热系数提高了 35%。通过饱和 CaSO4 溶液和高盐度 NaCl 溶液测试了膜在 DCMD 过程中的抗结垢能力。在处理高浓度盐水时，与无图案膜相比，有图案的 PVDF 膜平均可提高 30% 的水通量，通量下降的幅度最多可减少 45%。死后分析表明，Sharklet 花纹膜在具有较小尺寸的 CaSO4 和 NaCl 晶体的表面上显示出较少的盐结垢，能保持相对更清洁的表面，并能更好地保持疏水性。

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引用次数: 0

Quantifying steric, non-steric, and adsorption contributions to solute rejection in covalent organic framework nanofiltration membranes 量化共价有机框架纳滤膜的立体、非立体和吸附作用对溶质排斥的贡献

IF 8.4 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Journal of Membrane Science

Pub Date : 2024-11-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2024.123491

Dana R. Flores, Devin L. Shaffer

Solute transport in nanofiltration (NF) membrane systems is described with the Donnan Steric Pore Model with Dielectric Exclusion (DSPM-DE), which couples size- and charge-based solute partitioning mechanisms into and out of the membrane pores with flow through the pore, as described by the Extended Nernst-Planck equation. If membrane structural and chemical characteristics are well defined, the DSPM-DE can theoretically be used to identify solute rejection mechanisms, predict NF performance, and guide membrane design. However, the presence of additional separation mechanisms, like adsorption, and the heterogeneous, convoluted characteristics of traditional NF membranes challenge these goals. In this work, we apply covalent organic frameworks (COFs) as model NF materials to demonstrate control over the steric and non-steric partitioning and transport mechanisms in NF. We experimentally isolate and quantify the steric and non-steric contributions to solute partitioning and transport in NF via application of the DSPM-DE to COF membranes fabricated with tailored pore sizes, thicknesses, and charge properties. We also demonstrate enhanced non-steric solute rejection achieved through changes to COF membrane structure and chemistry, and we highlight the significant impact of adsorption on measured solute rejection by COF membranes.

纳滤膜（NF）系统中的溶质传输是用具有介电排斥（DSPM-DE）的唐南立体孔模型来描述的，该模型将基于尺寸和电荷的溶质分配机制与流经孔隙的流动结合起来，如扩展的内斯特-普朗克方程所描述的那样。如果膜结构和化学特性定义明确，DSPM-DE 理论上可用于识别溶质排斥机制、预测 NF 性能和指导膜设计。然而，额外分离机制（如吸附）的存在，以及传统纳滤膜的异质、复杂特性，都对这些目标提出了挑战。在这项研究中，我们将共价有机框架（COFs）作为模型 NF 材料，以展示对 NF 中立体和非立体分隔和传输机制的控制。通过将 DSPM-DE 应用于具有定制孔径、厚度和电荷特性的 COF 膜，我们在实验中分离并量化了立体和非立体对 NF 中溶质分配和传输的贡献。我们还展示了通过改变 COF 膜的结构和化学性质而增强的非立体性溶质截留，并强调了吸附对 COF 膜所测溶质截留的重要影响。

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引用次数: 0

A novel approach to detailed modeling and simulation of water-gap membrane distillation: Establishing a numerical baseline model 水隙膜蒸馏详细建模和模拟的新方法：建立数值基准模型

IF 8.4 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Journal of Membrane Science

Pub Date : 2024-11-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2024.123482

Baek-Gyu Im , Seong-Yong Woo , Min-Gyu Ham , Ho Ji , Young-Deuk Kim

In water-gap membrane distillation (WGMD), natural convection within the water gap significantly impacts performance and thermal efficiency. Previous studies have used empirical or modified empirical correlation models to predict the Nusselt number within the water gap, investigating how natural convection affects WGMD performance and thermal efficiency. However, these models are specific to certain operating conditions, limiting their application in developing a comprehensive numerical model for the WGMD process. To address this limitation, we developed a numerical model by integrating a two-dimensional natural convection model within the water gap. Experimental investigations were conducted across a wide range of feed temperatures and water gap sizes to assess the influence of key operating parameters on performance. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed numerical model, the experimental results were compared with those from the proposed model and with results from numerical models used in previous studies. The proposed numerical model demonstrated a maximum deviation of 8.5 % from the measured data, whereas the numerical models used in previous studies exhibited deviations of 22.9 %. In addition, the flow characteristics within the water gap were analyzed through isotherms and streamlines, and the improved thermal efficiency of WGMD compared to direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) was explored.

在水隙膜蒸馏（WGMD）中，水隙内的自然对流对性能和热效率有很大影响。以往的研究使用经验或修正的经验相关模型来预测水隙内的努塞尔特数，研究自然对流如何影响 WGMD 的性能和热效率。然而，这些模型只针对特定的运行条件，限制了它们在开发 WGMD 过程综合数值模型中的应用。为了解决这一局限性，我们在水隙中集成了一个二维自然对流模型，从而开发了一个数值模型。我们在广泛的进料温度和水隙尺寸范围内进行了实验研究，以评估关键操作参数对性能的影响。为了验证所提数值模型的有效性，将实验结果与所提模型的结果以及以往研究中使用的数值模型的结果进行了比较。拟议的数值模型与测量数据的最大偏差为 8.5%，而之前研究中使用的数值模型的偏差为 22.9%。此外，还通过等温线和流线分析了水隙内的流动特性，并探讨了与直接接触膜蒸馏（DCMD）相比，WGMD 所提高的热效率。

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引用次数: 0

Enhanced plasticization resistance of hollow fiber membranes via metal ion coordination for advanced helium recovery 通过金属离子配位增强中空纤维膜的抗塑化能力，实现先进的氦回收

IF 8.4 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Journal of Membrane Science

Pub Date : 2024-11-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2024.123480

Zhenyuan Li , Wei Lai , Ying Sun , Tianliang Han , Xing Liu , Chunfa Liao , Shuangjiang Luo

Plasticization can significantly impair the gas separation performance of gas separation membranes, especially for hollow fiber membranes (HFMs) with ultrathin skin layer. While conventional thermal crosslinking is an effective method to address this issue, it often leads to the transition layer collapse in HFMs, resulting in a significant decrease in gas permeance. Herein, we fabricate polyimide-cerium (PI–Ce) complex HFMs using a carboxylic group-containing 6FDA-mPDA_0.65-DABA_0.3-TFMB_0.05 copolyimide through metal ion coordination to achieve plasticization-resistance helium recovery from natural gas. We optimized dope compositions and spinning conditions to produce defect-free hollow fiber membranes with a skin layer as thin as 300 nm. The coordination between carboxyl groups and cerium ions was characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy. The polymer-metal coordinated membranes exhibited enhanced gas selectivities compared to the pristine HFMs due to the tailored microporosity achieved through polymer-metal coordination. Furthermore, the PI-Ce HFMs demonstrated only a 10.8 % decline in mixed-gas He/CH₄ selectivity, which is significantly lower than the 55.4 % decline observed in pristine HFMs when exposed to CO₂-containing feed pressures below 400 PSIA. Molecular dynamics simulations confirmed that coordination confined molecular chain swelling, thereby suppressing plasticization caused by CO₂. The exceptional plasticization resistance of the PI-Ce complex HFMs provides a novel strategy for recovering helium from aggressive natural gas environments.

塑化会严重影响气体分离膜的气体分离性能，尤其是具有超薄表皮层的中空纤维膜（HFM）。虽然传统的热交联是解决这一问题的有效方法，但它往往会导致中空纤维膜过渡层塌陷，从而导致气体渗透率显著下降。在此，我们使用含羧基的 6FDA-mPDA0.65-DABA0.3-TFMB0.05 共聚亚胺，通过金属离子配位，制造出了聚酰亚胺-铈（PI-Ce）复合高频膜，从而实现了抗塑化的天然气氦气回收。我们优化了掺杂成分和纺丝条件，生产出了表皮层薄至 300 纳米的无缺陷中空纤维膜。我们使用傅立叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）和扩展 X 射线吸收精细结构（EXAFS）光谱对羧基和铈离子之间的配位进行了表征。与原始高频膜相比，聚合物-金属配位膜具有更高的气体选择性，这是由于聚合物-金属配位实现了量身定制的微孔。此外，PI-Ce 高频膜的混合气体 He/CH4 选择性仅下降了 10.8%，明显低于原始高频膜在含二氧化碳进料压力低于 400 PSIA 时的 55.4%。分子动力学模拟证实，配位限制了分子链的膨胀，从而抑制了二氧化碳引起的塑化。PI-Ce 复合物 HFMs 卓越的抗塑化能力为从侵蚀性天然气环境中回收氦气提供了一种新策略。

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引用次数: 0

Imine-linked integrally crosslinked thin-film composite membrane for organic solvent nanofiltration 用于有机溶剂纳滤的亚胺整体交联薄膜复合膜

IF 8.4 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Journal of Membrane Science

Pub Date : 2024-11-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2024.123490

Heguo Han , Zheng Liu , Huiting Yu , Yuxuan Sun , Shenghai Li , Suobo Zhang

For thin-film composite (TFC) membranes applied in organic solvent nanofiltration (OSN), enhancing the adhesion between the active layers and the substrates can effectively improve the stability of the membranes. In this work, TFC OSN membranes with polyetherketone bearing amino group (PEK-NH₂) asymmetric substrates and amino-contained polyarylate active layers were fabricated by interfacial polymerization technique, and subsequently reacted with dialdehydes to form crosslinking between and within the substrates and the active layers. Crosslinking improved both of the solvent resistance of the substrates and the separation selectivity of the active layers. In addition, reverse pressure testing demonstrated that crosslinking allowed the active layers to adhere more strongly to the substrates. The optimized integrally crosslinked membranes exhibited methanol permeance of 10.4 L m⁻² h⁻¹ bar⁻¹ and a molecular weight cut-off of about 320 g mol⁻¹ in methanol. Moreover, the integrally crosslinked membranes maintained good stability for OSN operation in methanol for 12 days, and also exhibited unchanged OSN performance after soaked in N,N-dimethylformamide for 2 days. This work demonstrated a novel solvent-resistant membrane material and membrane-fabrication strategy with prospect for OSN application.

对于应用于有机溶剂纳滤（OSN）的薄膜复合（TFC）膜而言，增强活性层与基底之间的粘附力能有效提高膜的稳定性。在这项工作中，采用界面聚合技术制备了带有氨基的聚醚酮（PEK-NH2）不对称基底和含氨基的聚芳酸酯活性层的 TFC OSN 膜，随后与二醛反应在基底和活性层之间及内部形成交联。交联改善了基底的耐溶剂性和活性层的分离选择性。此外，反向压力测试表明，交联使活性层更牢固地附着在基底上。经过优化的整体交联膜的甲醇渗透率为 10.4 L m-2 h-1 bar-1，在甲醇中的截留分子量约为 320 g mol-1。此外，整体交联膜在甲醇中运行 12 天后仍能保持良好的稳定性，在 N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中浸泡 2 天后，其 OSN 性能也保持不变。这项工作展示了一种新型耐溶剂膜材料和膜制造策略，有望在 OSN 中得到应用。

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引用次数: 0

Hydrogen bond-mediated assembly of homo-charged COF nanosheets and polyelectrolytes towards robust Li+/Mg2+ separation membrane 氢键介导的同电荷 COF 纳米片和聚电解质组装，实现稳健的 Li+/Mg2+ 分离膜

IF 8.4 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Journal of Membrane Science

Pub Date : 2024-11-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2024.123489

Bo Hu , Hao Deng , Yu Zheng , Zixuan Zhang , Tao Wu , Zaichuang Liu , Beixi Jia , Hanqi Lin , Runnan Zhang , Zhongyi Jiang

Developing membranes with ordered channels and high positive charge density is crucial for Li⁺/Mg²⁺ separation. Ionic covalent organic framework (COF) membranes are promising candidates, yet they face challenges like pore size mismatch with ions and the liable structural defects. Herein, we proposed a hydrogen bond-mediated strategy to assemble membranes from homo-charged COF nanosheets and polyelectrolytes. Compared with the quaternary amines in poly (diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride), the abundant primary and secondary amines in polyethyleneimine facilitate multiple hydrogen bonding interactions with COF nanosheets. These interactions effectively overcome the electrostatic repulsion between positive charges, endowing membrane with structural robustness. Furthermore, the intercalation of polyelectrolytes eliminates the structural defects, reduces the membrane pore size, and enhances the Donnan effect. The optimized COF membrane exhibited a pure water flux of 10.2 L m⁻² h⁻¹ bar⁻¹, separation factor of up to 30 at high Mg²⁺/Li⁺ mass ratio of 100, and excellent stability under various operating conditions. Strikingly, our strategy facilitates the fabrication of membranes in large area (>450 cm²) while maintaining consistent separation performance, showcasing substantial potential of scalable manufacturing.

开发具有有序通道和高正电荷密度的膜对 Li+/Mg2+ 分离至关重要。离子共价有机框架（COF）膜是很有前景的候选材料，但它们面临着孔径与离子不匹配以及容易产生结构缺陷等挑战。在此，我们提出了一种氢键介导的策略，利用同电荷 COF 纳米片和聚电解质组装膜。与聚（二烯丙基二甲基氯化铵）中的季胺相比，聚乙烯亚胺中丰富的伯胺和仲胺可促进与 COF 纳米片的多重氢键相互作用。这些相互作用有效地克服了正电荷之间的静电排斥，使膜具有结构坚固性。此外，聚电解质的插层消除了结构缺陷，减小了膜孔径，增强了唐南效应。优化后的 COF 膜显示出 10.2 L m-2 h-1 bar-1 的纯水通量，在 Mg2+/Li+ 质量比为 100 的高条件下分离因子高达 30，并且在各种操作条件下都具有极佳的稳定性。引人注目的是，我们的策略有助于制造大面积（450 cm2）膜，同时保持稳定的分离性能，展示了可扩展制造的巨大潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Rapid preparation and mechanism investigation of covalent organic framework membranes by 3D printing based on electrostatic spraying 基于静电喷涂的 3D 打印共价有机框架膜的快速制备与机理研究

IF 8.4 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Journal of Membrane Science

Pub Date : 2024-11-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2024.123487

Chenglin Zhang , Guangzhe Wang , Yangbo Qiu , Chao Wang , Feng Li , Long-Fei Ren , Jiahui Shao , Yiliang He

Covalent organic framework (COF) has great advantages in the field of membrane separation, but the efficient and convenient preparation of COF membranes is still a challenge. Herein, we propose a novel method with green solvent for the preparation of COF membranes based on electrostatic spraying, which can be successfully prepared within 10 min, forming the TpPa COF with a pore size of 1.8 nm. Molecular dynamics simulations demonstrate that electrostatic spraying enhances the reaction rate by lowering the energy barrier and increasing the movement of reacting monomers. Atomization of the solvent in electrostatic spraying causes the rapid volatilization of the solvent, resulting in supersaturation of the generated TpPa, precipitation and crystallization, and promotes the formation of TpPa COF structure. The optimal COF membrane for the separation of Congo red wastewater is prepared by adjusting the voltage, concentration, and spraying time, with selectivity of Na₂SO₄ for Congo Red attaining 118 and water permeance reaching 70.2 L m^-2 h^-1 bar^-1. This work not only elaborates the membrane preparation mechanism in the electrostatic spraying process, but also greatly shortens the time of COF membrane preparation compared to the traditional method (2–3 days), which contributes to the possibility for practical application of COF membranes.

共价有机框架（COF）在膜分离领域具有很大的优势，但如何高效便捷地制备COF膜仍是一个难题。在此，我们提出了一种基于静电喷涂的绿色溶剂制备 COF 膜的新方法，可在 10 分钟内成功制备出孔径为 1.8 nm 的 TpPa COF。分子动力学模拟证明，静电喷涂可通过降低能障和增加反应单体的运动来提高反应速率。静电喷涂中溶剂的雾化会导致溶剂的快速挥发，从而使生成的 TpPa 过饱和、沉淀和结晶，并促进 TpPa COF 结构的形成。通过调节电压、浓度和喷淋时间，制备出了分离刚果红废水的最佳 COF 膜，Na2SO4 对刚果红的选择性达到 118，透水率达到 70.2 L m-2 h-1 bar-1。该研究不仅阐述了静电喷涂过程中的膜制备机理，而且与传统方法相比大大缩短了 COF 膜的制备时间（2-3 天），为 COF 膜的实际应用提供了可能。

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引用次数: 0

Microplastics removal from a hospital laundry wastewater combining ceramic membranes and a photocatalytic membrane reactor: Fouling mitigation, water reuse, and cost estimation 结合陶瓷膜和光催化膜反应器去除医院洗衣废水中的微塑料：污垢缓解、水回用和成本估算

IF 8.4 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Journal of Membrane Science

Pub Date : 2024-11-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2024.123485

Fabricio Eduardo Bortot Coelho , Sandra Isabella Sohn , Victor M. Candelario , Nanna Isabella Bloch Hartmann , Claus Hélix-Nielsen , Wenjing Zhang

The release of microplastics (MPs) through industrial laundry wastewater accounts for 35 % of global MPs emissions into the environment and it is a significant environmental problem, especially because MPs can absorb contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) from garments. This study is the first to evaluate and perform a cost estimation of the MP removal from hospital laundry wastewater (HLWW) using a combination of ceramic membranes and a pilot-scale photocatalytic membrane reactor (PMR) as a fouling mitigation strategy. The HLWW, from a hospital in Copenhagen, Denmark, contained a total organic carbon (TOC) of 345 mg L⁻¹ and 1.4 × 10⁶ MP L⁻¹, mainly of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) ranging between 100 and 200 μm in size. The pre-treatment with an ultrafiltration (UF) ZrO₂ membrane successfully removed 96 % of MPs and over 98 % of suspended solids and turbidity at an estimated cost of 0.45 US$ per m³ of permeate. In the PMR stage, ultraviolet light emitting diodes (UV LED) irradiation reduced irreversible fouling, improving permeate flow and minimizing the need for chemical cleaning. The Ce–Y–ZrO₂/TiO₂ photocatalytic membrane achieved over 99 % removal of turbidity, colour, and suspended solids, as well as 99.9 % removal of MPs, allowing the potential effluent reuse within the hospital laundry. Additionally, the retentate from the PMR process had lower TOC, easing the discharge of this concentrated stream. The cost estimation demonstrated that the photocatalytic degradation combined with traditional techniques, i.e. backflush and chemical cleaning, is more economical than using these techniques separately. Therefore, the total treatment cost was 1.09 US$ per m³ of permeate, which is lower than the cost of fresh water in Denmark. In conclusion, this innovative treatment strategy offers a sustainable and cost-effective solution for HLWW management, not only reducing water consumption by enabling water reuse in the hospital laundry but also advances towards achieving net-zero liquid discharge and contributing to the UN Sustainable Development Goals for clean water (Goal 6) and climate action (Goal 13).

微塑料（MPs）通过工业洗衣废水排放到环境中，占全球 MPs 排放量的 35%，是一个重大的环境问题，特别是因为 MPs 可以吸收服装中新出现的污染物（CECs）。本研究首次使用陶瓷膜和中试规模的光催化膜反应器（PMR）组合作为污垢缓解策略，对医院洗衣废水（HLWW）中 MP 的去除进行评估和成本估算。来自丹麦哥本哈根一家医院的 HLWW 含有 345 mg L-1 的总有机碳 (TOC) 和 1.4 × 106 L-1 的 MP，主要是尺寸在 100 到 200 μm 之间的聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯 (PET)。使用超滤 (UF) ZrO₂ 膜进行预处理，成功去除 96% 的 MPs 和 98% 以上的悬浮固体和浊度，每立方米渗透液的成本估计为 0.45 美元。在 PMR 阶段，紫外线发光二极管（UV LED）的照射减少了不可逆污垢，提高了渗透流量，最大限度地减少了化学清洗的需要。Ce-Y-ZrO2/TiO2 光催化膜对浊度、色度和悬浮固体的去除率超过 99%，对 MPs 的去除率也达到 99.9%，因此有可能在医院洗衣房内实现污水回用。此外，PMR 工艺的回流液总有机碳含量较低，从而简化了这一浓缩流的排放。成本估算表明，光催化降解与传统技术（即反冲洗和化学清洗）相结合，比单独使用这些技术更经济。因此，每立方米渗透液的总处理成本为 1.09 美元，低于丹麦的淡水成本。总之，这种创新的处理策略为 HLWW 管理提供了一种可持续的、具有成本效益的解决方案，不仅通过在医院洗衣房实现水的再利用减少了用水量，还推动实现了液体净零排放，为联合国可持续发展目标中的清洁水（目标 6）和气候行动（目标 13）做出了贡献。

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引用次数: 0

Hydrocarbon-based composite membranes containing sulfonated Poly(arylene thioether sulfone)-grafted 2D crown ether framework coordinated with cerium ions for PEMFC applications 含有与铈离子配位的磺化聚（芳烯硫醚砜）接枝二维冠醚框架的碳氢化合物基复合膜，用于 PEMFC 应用

IF 8.4 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Journal of Membrane Science

Pub Date : 2024-11-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2024.123483

Seho Lee , Chanhee Choi , Sung Min Lee , Hyunhee Lee , Jusung Han , Junghwan Kim , Jinseok Kim , Jinwook Park , Kihyun Kim , Jong-Chan Lee

We propose a novel strategy to develop sulfonated poly(arylene ether sulfone) (SPAES) composite membranes that can simultaneously improve the physicochemical stability and proton conductivity of hydrocarbon-based membranes for PEMFC applications. This strategy involves the use of a sulfonated poly(arylene thioether sulfone)-grafted 2D crown ether framework coordinated with cerium³⁺ ions (SATS–C₂O–Ce) as a promising filler material. SATS-C₂O, a highly sulfonated polymer-grafted 2D framework containing crown ether holes in its skeletal structure, was prepared via self-condensation using halogenated phloroglucinol as a multifunctional building unit to form C₂O, followed by condensation using SATS to graft the sulfonated polymer onto its edge. Ce³⁺ ions were directly coordinated within the crown ether holes of SATS-C₂O via a simple doping process using aqueous Ce solution. The SPAES composite membranes containing SATS–C₂O–Ce (SPAES/SATS–C₂O–Ce) exhibited exceptional dimensional stability and mechanical toughness. The remarkable chemical stability of SPAES/SATS–C₂O–Ce compared to that of pristine SPAES and SPAES/Ce (containing the same amount of Ce³⁺ ions but without SATS-C₂O) was attributed to the well-dispersed state of Ce³⁺ ions within the SPAES matrix. Furthermore, the enhanced proton conductivity of SPAES/SATS–C₂O–Ce surpassed those of pristine SPAES, SPAES/C₂O, and SPAES/Ce by the formation of additional proton-conducting channels provided by the sulfonic acid groups of SATS–C₂O–Ce, along with the improved water uptake capability of SPAES.

我们提出了一种开发磺化聚（芳基醚砜）（SPAES）复合膜的新策略，该策略可同时提高 PEMFC 应用中碳氢化合物基膜的理化稳定性和质子传导性。这一策略包括使用与铈3+离子配位的磺化聚（芳基硫醚砜）接枝二维冠醚框架（SATS-C2O-Ce）作为一种有前景的填充材料。SATS-C2O 是一种高度磺化的聚合物接枝二维框架，其骨架结构中含有冠醚孔，制备方法是使用卤代氯代葡萄糖醇作为多功能构建单元自缩合形成 C2O，然后使用 SATS 缩合将磺化聚合物接枝到其边缘。通过使用 Ce 水溶液进行简单的掺杂处理，Ce3+ 离子直接配位在 SATS-C2O 的冠醚孔中。含有 SATS-C2O-Ce 的 SPAES 复合膜（SPAES/SATS-C2O-Ce）具有优异的尺寸稳定性和机械韧性。与原始 SPAES 和 SPAES/Ce（含有相同数量的 Ce3+ 离子，但不含 SATS-C2O）相比，SPAES/SATS-C2O-Ce 具有出色的化学稳定性，这要归功于 Ce3+ 离子在 SPAES 基质中的良好分散状态。此外，SPAES/SATS-C2O-Ce 的质子传导性超过了原始 SPAES、SPAES/C2O 和 SPAES/Ce，这是因为 SATS-C2O-Ce 的磺酸基团提供了额外的质子传导通道，同时 SPAES 的吸水能力也得到了提高。

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引用次数: 0