Pub Date : 2012-11-06DOI: 10.1108/14637151211283339
A. Panda
Purpose – The aim of this paper is to extend a conceptual understanding of business process outsourcing (BPO) and its prevailing practices in the background of the post‐liberalized economic scenario of India. Efforts have also been made to discuss the major work verticals of Indian ITES‐BPO industry, which further reveals the fact of its domain expertise and in‐time delivery of services in a pre‐determined standard with least possible cost that has made India a BPO hub. The later part of the study deals with an empirical SWOT‐analysis that highlights the key factors that have significant bearing to the very flourishment of this sunshine industry.Design/methodology/approach – The data collected for the analysis are secondary in nature and include various journals, periodicals, survey reports and on‐line business reports/news. The techniques like trend analysis and SWOT analysis in particular have been implemented for the purpose of study.Findings – The paper found that in addition to the growth of traditio...
{"title":"Business Process Outsourcing: A Strategic Review on Indian Perspective","authors":"A. Panda","doi":"10.1108/14637151211283339","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/14637151211283339","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose – The aim of this paper is to extend a conceptual understanding of business process outsourcing (BPO) and its prevailing practices in the background of the post‐liberalized economic scenario of India. Efforts have also been made to discuss the major work verticals of Indian ITES‐BPO industry, which further reveals the fact of its domain expertise and in‐time delivery of services in a pre‐determined standard with least possible cost that has made India a BPO hub. The later part of the study deals with an empirical SWOT‐analysis that highlights the key factors that have significant bearing to the very flourishment of this sunshine industry.Design/methodology/approach – The data collected for the analysis are secondary in nature and include various journals, periodicals, survey reports and on‐line business reports/news. The techniques like trend analysis and SWOT analysis in particular have been implemented for the purpose of study.Findings – The paper found that in addition to the growth of traditio...","PeriodicalId":369181,"journal":{"name":"Operations Strategy eJournal","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127608363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We provide structural results and a solution method for designing horizontally differentiated product lines – optimizing product positions and prices – under fairly general consumer choice behavior. Our choice model is a generalization of the basic Hotelling-Lancaster locational choice model: Consumer tastes (ideal products) follow a general distribution; substitution disutility (transportation cost) can be an asymmetric convex function of product-spatial distance; and the market may not be fully covered. We formalize the notion that a shift of consumer tastes toward one end of the product space cannot result in a shift of the optimal product line in the opposite direction. For a unimodal taste distribution, we show that with respect to the product that covers the mode (or one of two products adjacent to it) prices and market shares drop toward the tails. Hence, higher popularity is always associated with higher price – although pricing, positioning, relative market share and popularity of products are all endogenous in our model. Our solution method is exact for discrete consumer taste distributions. Whereas, for continuous distributions, it requires lower and upper bounds, which can be computed efficiently using shortest path formulations and they asymptotically converge to the optimal profit.
{"title":"Positioning and Pricing of Horizontally Differentiated Products","authors":"Aydın Alptekinoğlu, Dorothée Honhon, C. Ulu","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2166570","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2166570","url":null,"abstract":"We provide structural results and a solution method for designing horizontally differentiated product lines – optimizing product positions and prices – under fairly general consumer choice behavior. Our choice model is a generalization of the basic Hotelling-Lancaster locational choice model: Consumer tastes (ideal products) follow a general distribution; substitution disutility (transportation cost) can be an asymmetric convex function of product-spatial distance; and the market may not be fully covered. We formalize the notion that a shift of consumer tastes toward one end of the product space cannot result in a shift of the optimal product line in the opposite direction. For a unimodal taste distribution, we show that with respect to the product that covers the mode (or one of two products adjacent to it) prices and market shares drop toward the tails. Hence, higher popularity is always associated with higher price – although pricing, positioning, relative market share and popularity of products are all endogenous in our model. Our solution method is exact for discrete consumer taste distributions. Whereas, for continuous distributions, it requires lower and upper bounds, which can be computed efficiently using shortest path formulations and they asymptotically converge to the optimal profit.","PeriodicalId":369181,"journal":{"name":"Operations Strategy eJournal","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117343441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study investigates estimation errors due to hidden costs—the costs of implementation that are neglected in strategic decision-making processes—in the context of services offshoring. Based on data from the Offshoring Research Network, we find that decision makers are more likely to make cost-estimation errors given increasing configuration and task complexity in captive offshoring and offshore outsourcing, respectively. Moreover, we show that experience and a strong orientation toward organizational design in the offshoring strategy reduce the cost-estimation errors that follow from complexity. Our findings contribute to research on the effectiveness of sourcing and global strategies by stressing the importance of organizational design and experience in dealing with increasing complexity.
{"title":"Uncovering the Hidden Costs of Offshoring: The Interplay of Complexity, Organizational Design, and Experience","authors":"M. Larsen, S. Manning, Torben Pedersen","doi":"10.1002/SMJ.2023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/SMJ.2023","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates estimation errors due to hidden costs—the costs of implementation that are neglected in strategic decision-making processes—in the context of services offshoring. Based on data from the Offshoring Research Network, we find that decision makers are more likely to make cost-estimation errors given increasing configuration and task complexity in captive offshoring and offshore outsourcing, respectively. Moreover, we show that experience and a strong orientation toward organizational design in the offshoring strategy reduce the cost-estimation errors that follow from complexity. Our findings contribute to research on the effectiveness of sourcing and global strategies by stressing the importance of organizational design and experience in dealing with increasing complexity.","PeriodicalId":369181,"journal":{"name":"Operations Strategy eJournal","volume":"231 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123021869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Based on a disaggregate cross-country analysis, we investigate the performance of 10 public Swiss universities and 77 public German universities from 2001-2007. During this period the universities in both countries have faced two major reforms aimed at improving efficiency and productivity in the European higher education sector. We assess the change in productivity and its sources, that is technological change, technical efficiency change and scale effects, obtained by computing the non-parametric Malmquist productivity index by benchmarking the non-science disciplines and the science disciplines of both countries separately against a common frontier. Given the lack of statistical inference of non-parametric productivity analyses, we employ bootstrapping techniques and estimate confidence intervals, allowing us to verify the statistical significance of our results. The results indicate that improvements in technical efficiency were by far the most important driver for productivity growth, followed by gains realised through exploiting economies of scale; thereby technological change partly reduced the increases in productivity. Our findings, however, suggest reform-related differences between the Swiss and the German public university sector. Further, the results point to structural differences across the scientific disciplines, as we found divergent patterns for the development in productivity and its sources in the non-sciences and the sciences.
{"title":"The Dynamics of Productivity in the Swiss and German University Sector: A Non-Parametric Analysis that Accounts for Heterogeneous Production","authors":"Maria Olivares, A. Schenker-Wicki","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2139364","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2139364","url":null,"abstract":"Based on a disaggregate cross-country analysis, we investigate the performance of 10 public Swiss universities and 77 public German universities from 2001-2007. During this period the universities in both countries have faced two major reforms aimed at improving efficiency and productivity in the European higher education sector. We assess the change in productivity and its sources, that is technological change, technical efficiency change and scale effects, obtained by computing the non-parametric Malmquist productivity index by benchmarking the non-science disciplines and the science disciplines of both countries separately against a common frontier. Given the lack of statistical inference of non-parametric productivity analyses, we employ bootstrapping techniques and estimate confidence intervals, allowing us to verify the statistical significance of our results. The results indicate that improvements in technical efficiency were by far the most important driver for productivity growth, followed by gains realised through exploiting economies of scale; thereby technological change partly reduced the increases in productivity. Our findings, however, suggest reform-related differences between the Swiss and the German public university sector. Further, the results point to structural differences across the scientific disciplines, as we found divergent patterns for the development in productivity and its sources in the non-sciences and the sciences.","PeriodicalId":369181,"journal":{"name":"Operations Strategy eJournal","volume":"89 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132786448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L'architecture des bâtiments influence les relations de travail et les pratiques organisationnelles. Le cas de l'architecture peut etre etendu a d'autres systemes instrumentaux complexes qui contraignent et habilitent, non seulement l'activite d'equipes locales, mais aussi des processus d'organisation inter-fonctionnels. L'article explore la contribution potentielle des recherches sur la "sociomaterialite" a l'analyse de tels "instruments architecturaux" (ex. logiciels de gestion integres ou "ERP"). Il suggere qu'il leur manque une theorie de l'activite collective, qu'il propose de conceptualiser comme production collective de sens a travers des interactions dialogiques mediatisees par des signes triadiques, en s'inspirant des auteurs pragmatistes. Au-dela des diverses classes d'instruments mediatisant l'action, la mediation fondamentale est fournie par le repertoire culturel des habitudes, qui rendent les actes situes reconnaissables, discutables, et les relient a la culture. Les habitudes sont au coeur de la repetition adaptative. Lorsqu'elles sont perturbees par des situations inattendues, elles declenchent des enquetes qui les reconstruisent. L'iteration habitude/enquete configure le recit polyphonique de ce que les acteurs font ensemble, agence par des cadres narratifs implicites, des "architextures", par exemple les cadres spatiotemporels ou des personnages types. Les instruments architecturaux sont "architecturaux" parce qu'ils sont "architextuels", c. a d. qu'ils instancient des cadres narratifs implicites dans l'activite quotidienne. Cette approche est illustree par deux cas: la mise en oeuvre d'un ERP dans une compagnie d'electricite et une procedure informelle destinee a gerer les modifications de produit dans une societe aerospatiale.
{"title":"Management Systems as Organizational 'Architextures': The Tacit Narrative Frames of Collective Activity","authors":"Philippe Lorino","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2312413","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2312413","url":null,"abstract":"L'architecture des bâtiments influence les relations de travail et les pratiques organisationnelles. Le cas de l'architecture peut etre etendu a d'autres systemes instrumentaux complexes qui contraignent et habilitent, non seulement l'activite d'equipes locales, mais aussi des processus d'organisation inter-fonctionnels. L'article explore la contribution potentielle des recherches sur la \"sociomaterialite\" a l'analyse de tels \"instruments architecturaux\" (ex. logiciels de gestion integres ou \"ERP\"). Il suggere qu'il leur manque une theorie de l'activite collective, qu'il propose de conceptualiser comme production collective de sens a travers des interactions dialogiques mediatisees par des signes triadiques, en s'inspirant des auteurs pragmatistes. Au-dela des diverses classes d'instruments mediatisant l'action, la mediation fondamentale est fournie par le repertoire culturel des habitudes, qui rendent les actes situes reconnaissables, discutables, et les relient a la culture. Les habitudes sont au coeur de la repetition adaptative. Lorsqu'elles sont perturbees par des situations inattendues, elles declenchent des enquetes qui les reconstruisent. L'iteration habitude/enquete configure le recit polyphonique de ce que les acteurs font ensemble, agence par des cadres narratifs implicites, des \"architextures\", par exemple les cadres spatiotemporels ou des personnages types. Les instruments architecturaux sont \"architecturaux\" parce qu'ils sont \"architextuels\", c. a d. qu'ils instancient des cadres narratifs implicites dans l'activite quotidienne. Cette approche est illustree par deux cas: la mise en oeuvre d'un ERP dans une compagnie d'electricite et une procedure informelle destinee a gerer les modifications de produit dans une societe aerospatiale.","PeriodicalId":369181,"journal":{"name":"Operations Strategy eJournal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129921271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This special issue contains articles that exemplify the role of operations management across the entrepreneurial value chain. This value chain encompasses all stages of the entrepreneurial phenomenon, including technology commercialization, where discovery, commitment, organization, and growth must take place. We report on a literature search that identifies research questions categorized with respect to topics crucial to operations management scholars and classify these questions under each stage of this value chain. The search guides the development of an evolutionary path for the use of resources, routines, and reputation (3Rs), often lacking in this process, and enables us to propose modeling and topical gaps in the literature. We offer a framework to set up exemplars for operational tradeoffs uniquely associated with the entrepreneurial value chain. We also articulate how five contributed articles in this issue tackle some of these tradeoffs, prior to introducing four perspective pieces. We hope this discussion motivates follow-on work and triggers a significant increase in the flow of articles that make it to both entrepreneurship and operations management top-tier academic and practitioner publications.
{"title":"The Role of Operations Management Across the Entrepreneurial Value Chain","authors":"N. Joglekar, M. Lévesque","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2093068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2093068","url":null,"abstract":"This special issue contains articles that exemplify the role of operations management across the entrepreneurial value chain. This value chain encompasses all stages of the entrepreneurial phenomenon, including technology commercialization, where discovery, commitment, organization, and growth must take place. We report on a literature search that identifies research questions categorized with respect to topics crucial to operations management scholars and classify these questions under each stage of this value chain. The search guides the development of an evolutionary path for the use of resources, routines, and reputation (3Rs), often lacking in this process, and enables us to propose modeling and topical gaps in the literature. We offer a framework to set up exemplars for operational tradeoffs uniquely associated with the entrepreneurial value chain. We also articulate how five contributed articles in this issue tackle some of these tradeoffs, prior to introducing four perspective pieces. We hope this discussion motivates follow-on work and triggers a significant increase in the flow of articles that make it to both entrepreneurship and operations management top-tier academic and practitioner publications.","PeriodicalId":369181,"journal":{"name":"Operations Strategy eJournal","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127097667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The People must always work in a team is constantly reiterated. However until each link of the chain is strong enough, prosperity in the system cannot be achieved to its fullest designed state. Unfortunately all People are not trained to perform to their highest efficiency as yet. The threshold level is very low, say @ 10%. This paper exemplifies why and how the train of people may be trained to produce results. While calling them all to demonstrate intrapreneurship, the need of the hour is to ensure people strive to pursue innovation and knowledge at each step. The goal to further their zest towards enterprise’ sustainability and growth should take on the priority. Mapping through the growth of erstwhile industrialization the author attempts to model the increasing accent on operator’s knowledge and functionality with time. The attributes for intrapreneurial growth of people in new environment, their humanistric traits to achieve such competencies and some solutions to meet Critical Success Factors (CSF) have been analyzed and recommended in this paper. The accent is on improving people’s intrapreneurship.
{"title":"A Total Quality Organization Thru’ People - (Part 13 : Competent Intrapreneurship)","authors":"P. Thareja","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2046454","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2046454","url":null,"abstract":"The People must always work in a team is constantly reiterated. However until each link of the chain is strong enough, prosperity in the system cannot be achieved to its fullest designed state. Unfortunately all People are not trained to perform to their highest efficiency as yet. The threshold level is very low, say @ 10%. This paper exemplifies why and how the train of people may be trained to produce results. While calling them all to demonstrate intrapreneurship, the need of the hour is to ensure people strive to pursue innovation and knowledge at each step. The goal to further their zest towards enterprise’ sustainability and growth should take on the priority. Mapping through the growth of erstwhile industrialization the author attempts to model the increasing accent on operator’s knowledge and functionality with time. The attributes for intrapreneurial growth of people in new environment, their humanistric traits to achieve such competencies and some solutions to meet Critical Success Factors (CSF) have been analyzed and recommended in this paper. The accent is on improving people’s intrapreneurship.","PeriodicalId":369181,"journal":{"name":"Operations Strategy eJournal","volume":"82 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117240069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
How should a firm modify its product assortment over time when learning about consumer tastes? In this paper, we study dynamic assortment decisions in a horizontally differentiated product category for which consumers' diverse tastes can be represented as locations on a Hotelling line. We presume that the firm knows all possible consumer locations, comprising a finite set, but does not know their probability distribution. We model this problem as a discrete-time dynamic program; each period, the firm chooses an assortment and sets prices to maximize the total expected profit over a finite horizon, given its subjective beliefs over consumer tastes. The consumers then choose a product from the assortment that maximizes their own utility. The firm observes sales, which provide censored information on consumer tastes, and it updates beliefs in a Bayesian fashion. There is a recurring trade-off between the immediate profits from sales in the current period (exploitation) and the informational gains to be exploited in all future periods (exploration). We show that one can (partially) order assortments based on their information content and that in any given period the optimal assortment cannot be less informative than the myopically optimal assortment. This result is akin to the well-known “stock more” result in censored newsvendor problems with the newsvendor learning about demand through sales when lost sales are not observable. We demonstrate that it can be optimal for the firm to alternate between exploration and exploitation, and even offer assortments that lead to losses in the current period in order to gain information on consumer tastes. We also develop a Bayesian conjugate model that reduces the state space of the dynamic program and study value of learning using this conjugate model.
{"title":"Learning Consumer Tastes through Dynamic Assortments","authors":"C. Ulu, Dorothée Honhon, Aydın Alptekinoğlu","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2025399","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2025399","url":null,"abstract":"How should a firm modify its product assortment over time when learning about consumer tastes? In this paper, we study dynamic assortment decisions in a horizontally differentiated product category for which consumers' diverse tastes can be represented as locations on a Hotelling line. We presume that the firm knows all possible consumer locations, comprising a finite set, but does not know their probability distribution. We model this problem as a discrete-time dynamic program; each period, the firm chooses an assortment and sets prices to maximize the total expected profit over a finite horizon, given its subjective beliefs over consumer tastes. The consumers then choose a product from the assortment that maximizes their own utility. The firm observes sales, which provide censored information on consumer tastes, and it updates beliefs in a Bayesian fashion. There is a recurring trade-off between the immediate profits from sales in the current period (exploitation) and the informational gains to be exploited in all future periods (exploration). We show that one can (partially) order assortments based on their information content and that in any given period the optimal assortment cannot be less informative than the myopically optimal assortment. This result is akin to the well-known “stock more” result in censored newsvendor problems with the newsvendor learning about demand through sales when lost sales are not observable. We demonstrate that it can be optimal for the firm to alternate between exploration and exploitation, and even offer assortments that lead to losses in the current period in order to gain information on consumer tastes. We also develop a Bayesian conjugate model that reduces the state space of the dynamic program and study value of learning using this conjugate model.","PeriodicalId":369181,"journal":{"name":"Operations Strategy eJournal","volume":"100 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127113515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The automotive component industry in India is around two-thirds the size of the OEM (Original Equipment Manufacturer) segment and this proportion is around one to two times in mature markets like Europe, America and Japan. To face the competition, most of the automotive component manufacturing organizations including Indian companies have turned to ‘Kaizen Events’ in the process of lean initiatives and continuous improvement to gain the benefits. This research studied the impact of Kaizen events on perceived employee performance and examined the relationships between Kaizen Event Indicators (KEI) and Perceived Employee Performance Indicators (PEPI) in Indian automotive component manufacturing organizations. The term perceived employee performance (PEP) is an important element in the process of effective Kaizen event implementation. Many organizational problems are related to employee performance, and successful implementation of Kaizen events is perceived to be dependent on employee performance of the organization.
{"title":"Relationship between Kaizen Events and Perceived Quality Performance in Indian Automobile Industry","authors":"Venkataiah Chittipaka, Dr. Srilalitha Sagi","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2732515","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2732515","url":null,"abstract":"The automotive component industry in India is around two-thirds the size of the OEM (Original Equipment Manufacturer) segment and this proportion is around one to two times in mature markets like Europe, America and Japan. To face the competition, most of the automotive component manufacturing organizations including Indian companies have turned to ‘Kaizen Events’ in the process of lean initiatives and continuous improvement to gain the benefits. This research studied the impact of Kaizen events on perceived employee performance and examined the relationships between Kaizen Event Indicators (KEI) and Perceived Employee Performance Indicators (PEPI) in Indian automotive component manufacturing organizations. The term perceived employee performance (PEP) is an important element in the process of effective Kaizen event implementation. Many organizational problems are related to employee performance, and successful implementation of Kaizen events is perceived to be dependent on employee performance of the organization.","PeriodicalId":369181,"journal":{"name":"Operations Strategy eJournal","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125442957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Recently, increasing numbers of financial MNEs are adopting English as their in-company official language. This paper attempts to investigate to what extent English proficiency, as the language of global business, can boost international trade in services. To achieve this purpose, this paper estimates the determinants of services trade including language variables with the aggregated and disaggregated data for nine different subsectors of OECD countries. The empirical model is based on a theory-based gravity model derived from Anderson and von Wincoop (2003, 2004). The findings show that English proficiency has a significant influence on services trade, while other languages such as French and German have only weak and mixed effects. In particular, communication, financial, commercial, insurance, and business services are revealed to be the most impacted by the level of English proficiency. The results imply that governments can use their English policies to promote international trade in services.
{"title":"Can English Proficiency Boost International Trade in Services?","authors":"K. Lee","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2319777","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2319777","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, increasing numbers of financial MNEs are adopting English as their in-company official language. This paper attempts to investigate to what extent English proficiency, as the language of global business, can boost international trade in services. To achieve this purpose, this paper estimates the determinants of services trade including language variables with the aggregated and disaggregated data for nine different subsectors of OECD countries. The empirical model is based on a theory-based gravity model derived from Anderson and von Wincoop (2003, 2004). The findings show that English proficiency has a significant influence on services trade, while other languages such as French and German have only weak and mixed effects. In particular, communication, financial, commercial, insurance, and business services are revealed to be the most impacted by the level of English proficiency. The results imply that governments can use their English policies to promote international trade in services.","PeriodicalId":369181,"journal":{"name":"Operations Strategy eJournal","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132260030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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