CJC Open最新文献

{"title":"Percutaneous Mechanical Aspiration in Endocarditis","authors":"Nicholas A.S. Robichaud MD , Cara Spence PhD , Janine Eckstein MD , Benjamin Leis MD, MSc","doi":"10.1016/j.cjco.2025.06.018","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjco.2025.06.018","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36924,"journal":{"name":"CJC Open","volume":"7 10","pages":"Pages 1407-1409"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145334589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Equivocal vs Positive Technetium-99m-Pyrophosphate Scintigraphy for Transthyretin Amyloid Cardiomyopathy: Comparing Outcomes, Demographics, and Imaging","authors":"Jocelyn Chai MD ,&nbsp;Matthew Cheung MD ,&nbsp;Jeffrey Yim MD ,&nbsp;Lu Kun Chen MD ,&nbsp;Ahmad Didi MD ,&nbsp;Shane J.T. Balthazaar PhD, RDCS ,&nbsp;Darwin Yeung MD ,&nbsp;Daniel Worsley MD ,&nbsp;Margot K. Davis MD, MSc","doi":"10.1016/j.cjco.2025.06.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjco.2025.06.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis (ATTR-CM) is an underdiagnosed infiltrative cardiomyopathy. Diagnosis is based on Technetium-99m-pyrophosphate-bone-scintigraphy scans (Tc-99m-PYP) with grades 2 to 3 classified as positive. The clinical significance of grade 1 (classified equivocal by American Society of Nuclear Cardiology) is unclear. We aimed to describe the differences in clinical/imaging characteristics among those with equivocal vs positive Tc-99m-PYP and to describe outcomes of further investigations.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We performed a retrospective study of patients who underwent Tc-99m-PYP at 2 institutions between January 2017 and November 2022. Baseline demographics, laboratory, and imaging data were collected.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 502 Tc-99m-PYP were performed with single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) 3 hours post-tracer injection: 347 (69%) negative, 46 (9%) equivocal, and 109 (22%) positive. In the latter 2 groups, the median age was 78 (interquartile range [IQR]: 72-84) years, and 38 (25%) were female. Average follow-up was 19.7 ± 14.6 months. No patients with equivocal scans were diagnosed with ATTR-CM. Equivocal scans had lower intraventricular septal diameters (11 mm [IQR: 10-11] vs 15 mm [IQR: 12-17]), larger left ventricular end-diastolic dimension (50 mm [IQR: 44-56] vs 43 mm [IQR: 40-50]), and more negative global longitudinal strain (–18.7 [IQR: –22.2 to –18.7] vs –13.8 [IQR: –17.9 to –10.9] %). Only 12 (26%) patients with equivocal scans underwent further imaging or biopsy. Of 2 patients with monoclonal gammopathy, 1 had AL-amyloidosis.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our patients with equivocal grade 1 scans were not diagnosed with ATTR-CM. They exhibited distinct imaging compared to positive scans. Our findings suggest that ATTR-CM phenotype and equivocal scans may represent early ATTR-CM (ie, false negative) or false positives and should undergo further workup. Further research is needed to determine the significance of equivocal studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36924,"journal":{"name":"CJC Open","volume":"7 10","pages":"Pages 1282-1289"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145335045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.cjco.2025.06.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjco.2025.06.011","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36924,"journal":{"name":"CJC Open","volume":"7 10","pages":"Page 1389"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145334586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prescription Drug Coverage of Guideline-Directed Medical Therapy for People Living with Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction in Canada","authors":"Simone S. Cowan MD, MSc, BScPhm ,&nbsp;Lynette Kosar BSP, MSc (Pharm) ,&nbsp;Stephanie Poon MD, MSc ,&nbsp;Marc Bains BBA ,&nbsp;Jeannine Costigan MScN, NP(Adult) ,&nbsp;Anique Ducharme MD, MSc ,&nbsp;Mena Gewarges MD ,&nbsp;Sharon Groulx BSc ,&nbsp;Kendra MacFarlane BSc, MSc ,&nbsp;Seema Nagpal BSc Pharm, MSc, PhD ,&nbsp;Alexander Singer MB, BCh, BAO ,&nbsp;Robert McKelvie MD, PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.cjco.2025.05.018","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjco.2025.05.018","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT) for heart failure (HF) is cost-effective and is associated with significant reductions in morbidity and mortality. Yet, GDMT remains under-prescribed. The Canadian Cardiovascular Society’s HF Working Group assessed formulary access to GDMT across Canada to identify differences in reimbursement and review how coverage aligns with evidence-based guidelines.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>An environmental scan was conducted for the period from June 2022 to July 2024 on the formulary coverage of angiotensin receptor–neprilysin inhibitors, beta-blockers, sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists, and sinus node inhibitors in 10 Canadian provinces, 2 territories, and 6 federal programs.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In all provincial and territorial plans, patient eligibility and prior medication use criteria are required for sacubitril-valsartan reimbursement. Sacubitril-valsartan has coverage restrictions based on natriuretic peptides and prescriber qualifications, except in Ontario and Quebec. Carvedilol coverage is not a benefit in Ontario or British Columbia. Bisoprolol and spironolactone have universal coverage. Eplerenone is not listed in British Columbia. Dapagliflozin coverage is a benefit in all plans except Quebec. Ivabradine coverage has patient eligibility and prior medication use criteria in all provinces and territories and prescriber restrictions in certain regions. Two federal plans have universal coverage of GDMT.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Differences in criteria for drug reimbursement create provincial and territorial variation in access to GDMT in Canada. Coverage criteria include prior medication use and prescriber qualifications, which are not supported by evidence-based guidelines. Systemwide changes in the funding of drug reimbursement programs are needed to improve access to GDMT for the more than 750,000 people living with HF in Canada.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36924,"journal":{"name":"CJC Open","volume":"7 10","pages":"Pages 1271-1281"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145335044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-term Effects of 3-Month Home-Based Cardiac Rehabilitation Using Information and Communication Technology for Heart Failure with Physical Frailty","authors":"Yuta Nagatomi ,&nbsp;Tomomi Ide MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Takeo Fujino MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Takeshi Tohyama MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Tae Higuchi ,&nbsp;Tomoyuki Nezu ,&nbsp;Takuya Nagata MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Toru Hashimoto MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Shouji Matsushima MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Keisuke Shinohara MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Tomiko Yokoyama ,&nbsp;Masataka Ikeda MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Shintaro Kinugawa MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Hiroyuki Tsutsui MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Kohtaro Abe MD, PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.cjco.2025.07.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjco.2025.07.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Information and communication technology (ICT)-supported home-based cardiac rehabilitation (HBCR) has gained prominence because of its potential advantages, including improved patient engagement. However, the long-term effects on patients with heart failure (HF) and physical frailty are unclear. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of HBCR on patients with HF and physical frailty 12 months after the HBCR intervention.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This single-centre, single-arm intervention trial included 30 outpatients with chronic HF and physical frailty or pre-frailty. Participants received a comprehensive ICT-based HBCR intervention, including disease management, exercise, and nutritional guidance for 3 months, followed by a 12-month period of ICT-supported self-management without professional guidance. The primary outcome was the change in 6-minute walking distance (6MWD).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The 6MWD of the patients significantly improved at 3 months, compared with baseline (395.8 ± 16.2 metres [95% confidence interval (CI): 363.0-428.6] vs 445.1 ± 16.3 metres [95% CI, 412.0-478.2]; <em>P</em> &lt; 0.01), but it decreased at 15 months, compared with 3 months (417.7 ± 16.3 metres [95% CI: 384.6-450.8]; <em>P</em> = 0.04). The frailty score also decreased at the 3-month vs the 15-month timepoint. Patients who continued to exercise at 15 months showed sustained improvement in 6MWD.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>At 12 months after the intervention, the initial improvements in exercise tolerance and frailty were not maintained in the overall cohort. The ICT-supported self-management approach used in this study was insufficient to promote sustained behavioural change over the long term.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36924,"journal":{"name":"CJC Open","volume":"7 10","pages":"Pages 1390-1397"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145334587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Myocardial Recovery After Left Ventricular Assist Device Weaning in Patients With Predominantly Toxic Cardiomyopathy: A Single-center Experience","authors":"Jean-Simon Lalancette MD ,&nbsp;Alexander Beaulieu-Shearer MD ,&nbsp;Émile Voisine MD ,&nbsp;Maxime Laflamme MD ,&nbsp;David Belzile MD ,&nbsp;Pierre-Yves Turgeon MD ,&nbsp;Kim O’Connor MD ,&nbsp;Dimitri Kalavrouziotis MD ,&nbsp;Christine Bourgault MD ,&nbsp;Joëlle Morin MD ,&nbsp;Marie-Christine Blais MD ,&nbsp;Marie-Ève Komlosy BSc ,&nbsp;Claudine Laliberté BSc ,&nbsp;Mathieu Bernier MD ,&nbsp;Éric Charbonneau MD ,&nbsp;Mario Sénéchal MD","doi":"10.1016/j.cjco.2025.06.022","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjco.2025.06.022","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>In some patients with left ventricular assist devices (LVADs), unloading of the left ventricle (LV) and medical therapy may lead to improvement in LV systolic function, allowing for LVAD weaning. There are no guideline-directed parameters to help identify candidates for weaning and long-term outcomes remain imperfectly documented. In this study we aimed to assess the clinical and echocardiographic characteristics of weaned patients and evaluate their event-free survival after weaning.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This investigation was a single-center retrospective study of patients who underwent a second- or third-generation LVAD implantation between 2009 and 2021.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Ninety-eight patients were included. Fourteen patients (14%) with LV recovery underwent LVAD weaning after a median support time of 309 days. Heart failure etiologies in weaned patients included toxic (recreational drugs) (n = 8, 57%), toxic (medication) (n = 2, 14%), ischemic (n = 2, 14%), or idiopathic dilated (n = 2, 14%) cardiomyopathy. In unweaned patients, heart failure was mostly attributed to ischemic (n = 35, 42%) and idiopathic dilated (n = 27, 32%) cardiomyopathy. Three months after implantation, patients who were eventually weaned had a higher LV ejection fraction (LVEF) (35% vs 19%, <em>P</em> = 0.001) and lower left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD) (52 vs 60 mm, <em>P</em> = 0.03) than unweaned patients. At last follow-up after weaning, mean LVEF was 44 ± 6% and no death nor heart transplant had occurred.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>LVADs can induce LV reverse remodeling leading to myocardial recovery in a significant proportion of patients, especially those with toxic and nonischemic cardiomyopathies. Early reverse remodeling with decreasing LVEDD and improving LVEF at 3 months after implantation may suggest potential candidacy for LVAD weaning. Weaned patients maintain satisfactory LVEF recovery after weaning and have good long-term event-free survival.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36924,"journal":{"name":"CJC Open","volume":"7 10","pages":"Pages 1290-1300"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145335046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adverse Drug Events Associated with Optimizing Heart Failure Pharmacotherapy in Older Adults with Frailty: A Qualitative Study","authors":"Mai H. Duong PhD, BScPharm ,&nbsp;Danijela Gnjidic PhD ,&nbsp;Andrew J. McLachlan PhD, BPharm ,&nbsp;Lisa Kouladjian O’Donnell PhD, MPharm ,&nbsp;Ritu Trivedi PhD ,&nbsp;Rebecca Kozor PhD, MD ,&nbsp;Sarah N. Hilmer PhD, MD","doi":"10.1016/j.cjco.2025.06.019","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjco.2025.06.019","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Adverse drug events (ADEs) from heart failure (HF) pharmacotherapy are common in older people with frailty, but evidence as to how to optimize HF pharmacotherapy is unclear. This qualitative study explores consumer and healthcare professional (HCP) perspectives on ADEs and adverse drug withdrawal effects (ADWEs) related to HF pharmacotherapy to inform key domains of a conceptual model.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A purposive and snowball sample of participants were contacted directly or recruited across Australia and New Zealand to participate in qualitative semistructured interviews and focus groups. Frailty was explained as a measure of cumulative deficits and consumers (caregivers or individuals aged ≥ 65 years with HF and frailty) and HCPs caring for older patients with HF and frailty were invited according to their self-perception or evaluation of frailty. General inductive analysis identified themes and a hypothesis-generating conceptual model.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Thirty-two participants were recruited (consumers [n = 4), cardiologists and other physicians [n = 9], nurses [n = 8], and pharmacists [n = 11]). Three main themes and 8 subthemes related to individual factors, medications, and access to healthcare services were identified. Consumers stated that they want support to maintain their quality of life but have complex medical issues. Most HCP participants perceived the benefits of HF pharmacotherapy to outweigh the risks of ADEs and are hesitant to deprescribe. Participants wanted improved coordination of multidisciplinary teams and patient access to healthcare services.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Perspectives unique to HF pharmacotherapy in older people with frailty characterize how the interplay of HF treatment, ADEs, and ADWEs contributes to individuals’ well-being. Future research is needed to further develop the conceptual model.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36924,"journal":{"name":"CJC Open","volume":"7 10","pages":"Pages 1301-1313"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145335047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Continuous Pacing and Recording Technique: A Real-Time Feedback Approach for Left Bundle Branch Pacing","authors":"Jiabo Shen MD ,&nbsp;Longfu Jiang MD ,&nbsp;Hao Wu MD ,&nbsp;Hengdong Li MD","doi":"10.1016/j.cjco.2025.07.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjco.2025.07.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Left bundle branch pacing demonstrates significant clinical value in both prevention of right ventricular pacing-induced cardiomyopathy and resynchronization therapy following left bundle branch block. The current intermittent recording technique requires repeated interruptions during implantation to test parameters, increasing procedural complexity and time. In recent years, the application of stylet-driven leads and rotatable connectors combined with lumenless leads has enabled a continuous pacing and recording technique. This approach facilitates beat-by-beat monitoring of electrocardiograms and intracardiac electrograms during lead implantation, with real-time electrophysiological feedback provided to assist operators in precisely determining lead positioning and confirming left bundle branch capture. This technological innovation not only enhances procedural precision but also substantially improves operational safety. In addition, the continuous recording technique offers novel perspectives for electrophysiological research, potentially bridging cardiac pacing to advanced electrophysiological therapeutic strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36924,"journal":{"name":"CJC Open","volume":"7 10","pages":"Pages 1357-1365"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145334552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and Validation of the CR-DECIDE Models to Predict Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events and Health Status in Stable Coronary Artery Disease","authors":"Ricky D. Turgeon BSc(Pharm), ACPR, PharmD ,&nbsp;May K. Lee MSc ,&nbsp;Rubee Dev MPH, PhD ,&nbsp;Colleen M. Norris BScN, MScN, PhD ,&nbsp;John A. Spertus MD ,&nbsp;Karin H. Humphries DSc","doi":"10.1016/j.cjco.2025.07.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjco.2025.07.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Guidelines emphasize individualized care in the management of stable coronary artery disease (CAD). We aimed to develop and validate clinical prediction models for major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) and health status among patients with stable CAD to support individualized, shared decision-making.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>For model development and internal validation, we used registries of outpatients with obstructive CAD on coronary angiography in British Columbia (2004-2015) and Alberta (2004-2020). Models were externally validated in ISCHEMIA trial participants with obstructive CAD on coronary computed tomography angiography. Outcomes included MACE (death, myocardial infarction, or stroke) within 3 years, angina-free status, and good-to-excellent physical functioning at 1 year, based on the Seattle Angina Questionnaire.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Median age was of study patients was 66-67 years, and 77% were male in both the MACE (n = 34,990) and health status (n = 13,312) model development cohorts. MACEs occurred in 9% (2026 patients) at 3 years. A 14-variable model had a C statistic of 0.68, calibration slope of 0.98, and positive net benefit in decision-curve analysis. At baseline, 41% were angina-free and 21% had good-to-excellent physical functioning, which increased to 64.5% and 72% at 1 year, respectively. C statistics for the angina-free and physical functioning models were 0.67 and 0.78, respectively, and calibration slopes were 0.98-0.99. In external validation, discrimination was modestly reduced and all models slightly underpredicted their respective outcomes, yet the MACE model retained positive net benefit.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The CR-DECIDE models had moderate ability to predict MACEs and health status in patients with stable CAD and warrant further assessment of their impact at the point of care.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36924,"journal":{"name":"CJC Open","volume":"7 10","pages":"Pages 1398-1406"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145334588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Takotsubo T Waves---a Diagnostically Useful Electrocardiographic Pattern in 10 Case Presentations","authors":"Everglad Mugutso MBChB, MSc ,&nbsp;Brent M. McGrath MD, MSc, PhD, FACC, FSCAI, FRCPC, DRCPSC","doi":"10.1016/j.cjco.2025.06.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjco.2025.06.010","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36924,"journal":{"name":"CJC Open","volume":"7 9","pages":"Pages 1198-1200"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145061779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}