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Background

Data are limited that examine potential sex-based disparities in the utilization and complications of septal reduction therapy (SRT) in patients with obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Our aim was to assess the use and in-hospital outcomes of SRT, according to sex. We performed a retrospective cohort study using the 2017-2019 National Inpatient Sample database. Adult patients with obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy were identified.

Methods

We assessed the use of SRT (surgical septal myectomy and alcohol septal ablation), according to sex. In those who underwent SRT, rates of in-hospital mortality, pacemaker implantation, implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) implantation, ischemic stroke, major bleeding, and pericardial complication were assessed. All outcomes were compared between groups using inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW), adjusting for demographics, comorbidity burden, and hospital characteristics.

Results

In total, 72,680 weighted hospitalizations (median age: 67 years [range: 57-77]; 61% female patients) were included, and only 5.9% of patients underwent SRT. After IPTW adjustment, female patients were more likely to undergo SRT (adjusted risk ratio [aRR] 1.18, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.03-1.36) and alcohol septal ablation (aRR 1.38, 95% CI 1.04-1.83). Likewise, female patients received pacemaker implantation more often (aRR 1.96, 95% CI 1.10-3.50) and ICD implantation (aRR 0.58, 95% CI 0.34-0.99) less frequently, compared with male patients. No differences were present in rates of surgical septal myectomy, in-hospital mortality, ischemic stroke, major bleeding, and pericardial complication between groups.

Conclusions

Our results suggest that female patients were slightly more likely to undergo SRT, especially alcohol septal ablation. In-hospital mortality and postprocedural complications were similar between the sexes, but women received more pacemaker implantation and less ICD implantation.

Background

In patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc), early detection of pulmonary hypertension (PH) improves survival. This study aimed to investigate whether a combination index (cPAT) of the tricuspid regurgitation jet peak gradient and the ratio of pulmonary artery (PA) diameter to aortic diameter measured by computed tomography (CT; PA ratio) can estimate the mean PA pressure (mPAP) and detect PH more accurately than conventional parameters in SSc patients.

Methods

A total of 36 SSc patients who underwent PH screening were retrospectively analyzed. All patients were screened for PH between 2013 and 2017 by echocardiography, CT, and right heart catheterization. Patients with mPAP > 20 mm Hg by right heart catheterization were diagnosed as having PH. Additionally, patients with an mPAP > 20 mm Hg, pulmonary vascular resistance > 2 Wood units, and PA wedge pressure ≤ 15 mm Hg, for whom other causes were ruled out, including group 2-5, were defined as having pulmonary atrial hypertension.

Results

Of 36 patients, 29 patients were female (81%), and the average duration of SSc was 7.5 years. The mPAP was significantly correlated with the tricuspid regurgitation jet peak gradient (r = 0.734), the PA ratio (r = 0.584), and the cPAT (r = 0.848). In receiver operating characteristic analysis to identify PH, the cPAT showed the highest area under the curve, 0.906, among the 3 parameters. Additionally, in receiver operating characteristic analysis to identify pulmonary atrial hypertension, the cPAT also showed the highest area under the curve, 0.851, among the 3 parameters.

Conclusions

The cPAT is a new index combining echocardiogram and CT results that provides the most accurate noninvasive assessment of mPAP in SSc patients. The cPAT can also help detect PH early in SSc patients, thereby allowing for earlier treatment.

Background

We aimed to compare the short- and long-term outcomes of total arch replacement (TAR) vs hemiarch replacement (HAR) in the management of acute type A aortic dissection.

Methods

We searched the literature for studies directly comparing TAR to HAR in acute type A aortic dissection. Hazard ratios (HRs) were extracted from digitized Kaplan-Meier curves.

Results

A total of 6526 patients were identified, of which 2060 (32%) had received a TAR. A total of 37% of patients were female, and the mean age (standard deviation) of the cohort was 59.8 ± 11.8 years. TAR patients had a higher prevalence of preoperative malperfusion (34% vs 26%). The TAR group had higher odds of 30-day mortality (4404 patients; odds ratio [OR] 1.79, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.29-2.49), renal failure requiring dialysis (3475 patients; OR 1.34, 95% CI 1.02-1.76), and a trend toward higher rates of stroke (3292 patients; OR 1.49, 95% CI 0.93-2.39). No significant differences were observed in prevalence of permanent spinal cord injury, visceral ischemia, or reoperation for bleeding. The TAR group had a non–statistically significant increase in long-term mortality (4408 patients; HR 1.25, 95% CI 0.99-1.57), but showed a trend toward improved freedom from long-term aortic reoperation (1359 patients; HR 0.53; 95% CI 0.18-1.59). In a subgroup analysis, the hazard ratio of long-term mortality favoured TAR in only the subgroup of studies in which the difference in malperfusion was > 10% between groups.

Conclusions

TAR could be associated with improved freedom from long-term aortic reoperation but with potentially increased perioperative risks. We recommend a tailored surgical approach.

Background

Ozanimod is a novel immune modulator that could be useful in viral pulmonary infections by reducing lung inflammation. It is an S1P receptor ligand known to induce bradycardia and more serious adverse cardiac effects, such as atrioventricular block and QT interval prolongation. We present a substudy of the COVID-19 Ozanimod Intervention (COZI) trial in which ozanimod was administered in acute pulmonary infection patients, to assess cardiac safety.

Methods

In this pilot randomized open-label trial, COVID-19 patients requiring oxygen support were randomized into 2 groups: standard-of-care + ozanimod (OZA) vs standard-of-care alone (SOC). All patients were monitored with a 14-day electrocardiogram monitor (CardioSTAT, Icentia, Quebec, QC) during their hospitalization. We evaluated the cardiac effects of ozanimod on heart rate (HR), PR interval length, and QT interval duration.

Results

A total of 42 patients were analyzed: 23 in the SOC group and 19 in the OZA group. Mean hourly HR over the first 10 days of treatment decreased in the OZA group, compared with that in the SOC group (P < 0.0001). The maximum decrease in HR occurred on day 3. The maximum decrease in HR occurred on day 3, without a significant difference between groups: 49 beats per minute (interquartile range, 42-59) in the OZA group, and 54 beats per minute (48–60) in the SOC group, P = 0.45. No high-degree atrioventricular block was recorded. QT and PR interval median values were within the normal range in both groups, without a significant difference.

Conclusions

The maximal reduction in HR occurred 3 days after the onset of ozanimod treatment in patients hospitalized for COVID-19, but it did not remain significant over the 10-day treatment period. No relevant cardiac adverse event was observed.

Left bundle branch area pacing (LBBAP) is a novel method of conduction-system pacing in the muscular interventricular septum. Although LBBAP has been shown to produce physiologic electrical and mechanical intraventricular synchrony, superiority of LBBAP, compared to right ventricular septal pacing (RVSP) at preserving normal left-ventricular (LV) systolic function after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) has not been demonstrated. Left Bundle BRAVE is an investigator-initiated, multicentre, prospective, double-blinded, randomized, crossover study investigating the superiority of LBBAP, compared to RVSP, with respect to preservation of systolic function in patients with high-degree conduction disease after TAVR. Adults with severe aortic stenosis and normal systolic function who sustain high-grade atrioventricular block within 4 weeks of TAVR are eligible. All subjects receive a biventricular pacemaker generator with RVSP, and LBBAP leads. Participants are randomly assigned to 9 months of each pacing mode, in series. The primary endpoint is change in global longitudinal strain, tested in series with change in LV ejection fraction, comparing RVSP to LBBAP. Secondary endpoints include the following: echocardiographic markers of interventricular synchrony and right ventricular performance; heart failure functional status and symptom classification; 6-minute walk test results; pacemaker and lead performance; and brain natriuretic peptide concentration. The Left Bundle BRAVE study is designed to identify an upstream and clinically relevant marker of superiority in LBBAP, compared to RVSP, at preventing deterioration of LV function in patients with a high ventricular pacing burden after TAVR.

ClinicalTrials.gov identifier

NCT05541679

Over the past 15 years, sex-related differences in aortic valve (AV) stenosis (AS) have been highlighted, affecting various aspects of AS, such as the pathophysiology, AV lesions, left ventricle remodelling, and outcomes. Female patients were found to present a more profibrotic pattern of leaflet remodelling and/or thickening, whereas male patients have a preponderance of calcification within stenosed leaflets. The understanding of these sex differences is still limited, owing to the underrepresentation of female patients in many basic and clinical research studies and trials. A better understanding of sex differences in the pathophysiology of AS may highlight new therapeutic targets that potentially could be sex-specific. This review aims to summarize sex-related differences in AS, as discovered from basic research experiments, covering aspects of the disease ranging from leaflet composition to signalling pathways, sex hormones, genetics and/or transcriptomics, and potential sex-adapted medical treatments.

Care-coordination platforms may optimize ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) treatment delays. This study aimed to assess the impact of Stenoa use on treatment delays in STEMI patients. We conducted a retrospective cohort study on local STEMI cases for the period between September 2020 and March 2023, comparing the times from first medical contact to device, before vs after the implementation of the Stenoa platform by the catheterization laboratory (cath-lab) and emergency department. A total of 180 patients were included. Significant reductions were found in times from first medical contact to electrocardiogram, from electrocardiogram to cath-lab activation, and from cath-lab activation to cath-lab arrival (P = 0.02, P = 0.04, and P = 0.02, respectively), after the platform was implemented. These findings suggest that use of Stenoa reduces STEMI door-to-balloon–time components.