Plant species composition, diversity and distribution is a hierarchical expression of vegetation determined by different environmental factors. A study was conducted to document the floristic composition and biological spectrum of plant species of the Matta-Kharari region, Swat. The region has not been ecologically explored yet. We used quantitative ecological techniques for sampling plant species. Sixty-seven quadrats of 1x1 m2 for herbs, 5x5 m2 for shrubs and 10x10 m2 size for trees were established. Plant species data were analyzed using multivariate statistical techniques. We evaluated 76 plant species belonging to 42 families. Asteraceae and Rosaceae were the leading families with 8 species each, followed by Ranunculaceae, Lamiaceae and Moraceae with 4 species each. Among life form classes i.e., geophytes were dominant (13 species, 17.10 %), followed by therophytes (12 species, 15.87 %), nanophanerophytes (11 species, 14.47 %), and chamaephytes (10 species, 13.58 %). Moreover, Mesophylls (36.84 %) were the dominant leaf spectra class followed by nanophyll (30.26 %), microphyll (27.63 %), and megaphyll (2.63 %). The two-way cluster analysis classified the vegetation into three clusters. The detrended correspondence analysis shows the distribution of plants in a mixed array because the locations explored are characterized by similar climatic factors and vegetation. We elucidate that the variation in climatic factors and topography brings variation in vegetation. Understanding these responses at the life form and leaf spectra level will provide a better understanding and knowledge that how plant species and their communities or associations respond to changes in climate in the future. The current study could be utilized as a baseline for large-scale studies in the future.
{"title":"Ecological Assessment of the Native Flora of Matta Kharari Village, Swat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan","authors":"Shima Habib, Lal Badshah, Ishtiaq Ahmad, Waqar Ahmad, Abdullah, Shujaul Mulk Khan","doi":"10.53560/ppasb(60-2)750","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53560/ppasb(60-2)750","url":null,"abstract":"Plant species composition, diversity and distribution is a hierarchical expression of vegetation determined by different environmental factors. A study was conducted to document the floristic composition and biological spectrum of plant species of the Matta-Kharari region, Swat. The region has not been ecologically explored yet. We used quantitative ecological techniques for sampling plant species. Sixty-seven quadrats of 1x1 m2 for herbs, 5x5 m2 for shrubs and 10x10 m2 size for trees were established. Plant species data were analyzed using multivariate statistical techniques. We evaluated 76 plant species belonging to 42 families. Asteraceae and Rosaceae were the leading families with 8 species each, followed by Ranunculaceae, Lamiaceae and Moraceae with 4 species each. Among life form classes i.e., geophytes were dominant (13 species, 17.10 %), followed by therophytes (12 species, 15.87 %), nanophanerophytes (11 species, 14.47 %), and chamaephytes (10 species, 13.58 %). Moreover, Mesophylls (36.84 %) were the dominant leaf spectra class followed by nanophyll (30.26 %), microphyll (27.63 %), and megaphyll (2.63 %). The two-way cluster analysis classified the vegetation into three clusters. The detrended correspondence analysis shows the distribution of plants in a mixed array because the locations explored are characterized by similar climatic factors and vegetation. We elucidate that the variation in climatic factors and topography brings variation in vegetation. Understanding these responses at the life form and leaf spectra level will provide a better understanding and knowledge that how plant species and their communities or associations respond to changes in climate in the future. The current study could be utilized as a baseline for large-scale studies in the future.","PeriodicalId":36960,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Pakistan Academy of Sciences: Part B","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43281254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hamid Ur Rahman, Sobia Attaullah, Tariq Mahmood, Ashfaq Ahmad
Archotermopsis wroughtoni is a primitive termite species with distinct biological and behavioral features. Despite its presence in temperate regions worldwide, including the Oriental region, there is a lack of data on the current distribution of this species in the Mansehra district of Pakistan. Samples were collected from forested areas, including the Kaghan, Naran, Mahandri, and Shogran valleys. The distribution of A. wroughtoni was determined by observing decayed and fallen wooden logs, and host plants were identified to assess the species’ host preference. Morphometric identification was performed following relevant literature, and the barcoding technique of mtDNA COII was used to authenticate the species. Phylogenetic analyses were conducted using the neighbor-joining and maximum parsimony methods. The study revealed the presence of A. wroughtoni in the forests of northern Mansehra, where it preferred tree species such as Cedrus deodara and Pinus excelsa for nest construction and foraging. The findings of this research will contribute to future studies on the biology and ecology of A. wroughtoni and aid in developing conservation strategies for this species and other social insects.
{"title":"Distribution, Morphometrics and DNA barcoding of Archotermopsis wroughtoni Desneux (Termopsidae: Blattodea) in District Mansehra, Pakistan","authors":"Hamid Ur Rahman, Sobia Attaullah, Tariq Mahmood, Ashfaq Ahmad","doi":"10.53560/ppasb(60-2)888","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53560/ppasb(60-2)888","url":null,"abstract":"Archotermopsis wroughtoni is a primitive termite species with distinct biological and behavioral features. Despite its presence in temperate regions worldwide, including the Oriental region, there is a lack of data on the current distribution of this species in the Mansehra district of Pakistan. Samples were collected from forested areas, including the Kaghan, Naran, Mahandri, and Shogran valleys. The distribution of A. wroughtoni was determined by observing decayed and fallen wooden logs, and host plants were identified to assess the species’ host preference. Morphometric identification was performed following relevant literature, and the barcoding technique of mtDNA COII was used to authenticate the species. Phylogenetic analyses were conducted using the neighbor-joining and maximum parsimony methods. The study revealed the presence of A. wroughtoni in the forests of northern Mansehra, where it preferred tree species such as Cedrus deodara and Pinus excelsa for nest construction and foraging. The findings of this research will contribute to future studies on the biology and ecology of A. wroughtoni and aid in developing conservation strategies for this species and other social insects.","PeriodicalId":36960,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Pakistan Academy of Sciences: Part B","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43090024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hikmat Ullah, Anis Saeed, Gulnaz Parveen, N. Mukhtar, Muhammad Siraj, Zulqarnain, A. Sami, Muhammad Tayyab Gul
Ehretia acuminata, commonly known as “Puna” in Pakistan, is from the Boraginaceae family and is used in ecological, medicinal, and agricultural sectors. The current study was conducted to assess the pharmacognostic potency of bark extracts from E. acuminata. The crude distilled water, ethanol, and chloroform extracts signified a concentration-dependent increase in intestinal mobility of the experimented animal, and the plant delivered methodical proof for its pharmacological usage as an antispasmodic drug. The bark distilled water, bark ethanol, and bark chloroform extracts revealed (11±1, 9±1, and 11±1) antispasmodic potential at (300 mg/kg). The distilled water, ethanol, and chloroform extracts also showed analgesic potential in the present study and the results were concentration dependent. The bark distilled water, bark ethanol, and bark chloroform extracts revealed the (10±1,16±1, and 11±1) analgesic potential at (300 mg/kg). The distilled water, ethanol, and chloroform extracts also showed the muscle relaxant potential in this study and the results were concentration dependent. The Bark distilled water, Bark ethanol, and Bark chloroform extracts revealed the (6±1, 5±1, and 5±1) at (300 mg/kg). While the distilled water, ethanol and chloroform extracts did not show acute toxic effects against the tested animal mice. In this study, bark extracts of E. acuminata showed pharmacological potency in experimental animals. The plant delivered scientific proof for its pharmacological usage as an antispasmodic, acutely toxic, muscle relaxant, as well as an analgesic drug.
{"title":"Pharmacognostic Study of Ehretia acuminata R.Br.","authors":"Hikmat Ullah, Anis Saeed, Gulnaz Parveen, N. Mukhtar, Muhammad Siraj, Zulqarnain, A. Sami, Muhammad Tayyab Gul","doi":"10.53560/ppasb(60-2)743","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53560/ppasb(60-2)743","url":null,"abstract":"Ehretia acuminata, commonly known as “Puna” in Pakistan, is from the Boraginaceae family and is used in ecological, medicinal, and agricultural sectors. The current study was conducted to assess the pharmacognostic potency of bark extracts from E. acuminata. The crude distilled water, ethanol, and chloroform extracts signified a concentration-dependent increase in intestinal mobility of the experimented animal, and the plant delivered methodical proof for its pharmacological usage as an antispasmodic drug. The bark distilled water, bark ethanol, and bark chloroform extracts revealed (11±1, 9±1, and 11±1) antispasmodic potential at (300 mg/kg). The distilled water, ethanol, and chloroform extracts also showed analgesic potential in the present study and the results were concentration dependent. The bark distilled water, bark ethanol, and bark chloroform extracts revealed the (10±1,16±1, and 11±1) analgesic potential at (300 mg/kg). The distilled water, ethanol, and chloroform extracts also showed the muscle relaxant potential in this study and the results were concentration dependent. The Bark distilled water, Bark ethanol, and Bark chloroform extracts revealed the (6±1, 5±1, and 5±1) at (300 mg/kg). While the distilled water, ethanol and chloroform extracts did not show acute toxic effects against the tested animal mice. In this study, bark extracts of E. acuminata showed pharmacological potency in experimental animals. The plant delivered scientific proof for its pharmacological usage as an antispasmodic, acutely toxic, muscle relaxant, as well as an analgesic drug.","PeriodicalId":36960,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Pakistan Academy of Sciences: Part B","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49236810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To study the effect of different organic amendments on growth, yield and quality of broccoli a field experiment was conducted during 2021–2022 in the Agriculture Research Farm, Lovely Professional University, Punjab A Factorial Randomized Block Design (FRBD) with two factors was used. Factors 1 and 2 are varieties (V1: Palam Vichitra and V2: Palam Kanchan) and biofertilizers (T1: Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria @ 2 % + Azotobacter @ 2 %, T2: Phosphate solubilizing @ 2 %, T3: Azotobacter @ 2 %, and T0: Control). A total of eight treatments were used, i.e., T1V1 (Palam Vichitra X Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria @ 2 % + Azotobacter @ 2 %), T2V1 (Palam Vichitra X P.S.B @ 2 %), T3V1 (Palam Vichitra X Azotobacter @ 2 %), T0V1 (Palam Vichitra X Control), T1V1 (Palam Vichitra X Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria @ 2% + Azotobacter @ 2 %), T0V1 (Palam Kanchan X Phosphate solubilizing bacteria @ 2 %), T3V2 (Palam Kanchan X Azotobacter @ 2 %), T0V2 (Palam Kanchan X Control). The experiment reveals that among all treatments like growth, quality and yield parameters T1 showed the best result for V1 and in V2, T3 showed the best result for almost all the parameters. Floral bud initiation was early when treated with T1 in both the varieties, i.e., V1 (63 DAT) and V2 (63.67 DAT). Days to harvest were the same for all the treatments in V1 (90 DAT) and in V2, T1 (90 DAT) took the least amount of time for harvesting. It can be concluded that, combination of Azotobacter @ 2 % with other organic amendments and treatment T1 give higher yield and better quality of broccoli.
{"title":"Effect of Different Organic Amendments on Growth, Yield and Quality of Broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica)","authors":"Rajkumari Asha, Rupmalin Devi, Avinash Kropi, Kumar, Tanuj Thakur","doi":"10.53560/ppasb(60-2)793","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53560/ppasb(60-2)793","url":null,"abstract":"To study the effect of different organic amendments on growth, yield and quality of broccoli a field experiment was conducted during 2021–2022 in the Agriculture Research Farm, Lovely Professional University, Punjab A Factorial Randomized Block Design (FRBD) with two factors was used. Factors 1 and 2 are varieties (V1: Palam Vichitra and V2: Palam Kanchan) and biofertilizers (T1: Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria @ 2 % + Azotobacter @ 2 %, T2: Phosphate solubilizing @ 2 %, T3: Azotobacter @ 2 %, and T0: Control). A total of eight treatments were used, i.e., T1V1 (Palam Vichitra X Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria @ 2 % + Azotobacter @ 2 %), T2V1 (Palam Vichitra X P.S.B @ 2 %), T3V1 (Palam Vichitra X Azotobacter @ 2 %), T0V1 (Palam Vichitra X Control), T1V1 (Palam Vichitra X Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria @ 2% + Azotobacter @ 2 %), T0V1 (Palam Kanchan X Phosphate solubilizing bacteria @ 2 %), T3V2 (Palam Kanchan X Azotobacter @ 2 %), T0V2 (Palam Kanchan X Control). The experiment reveals that among all treatments like growth, quality and yield parameters T1 showed the best result for V1 and in V2, T3 showed the best result for almost all the parameters. Floral bud initiation was early when treated with T1 in both the varieties, i.e., V1 (63 DAT) and V2 (63.67 DAT). Days to harvest were the same for all the treatments in V1 (90 DAT) and in V2, T1 (90 DAT) took the least amount of time for harvesting. It can be concluded that, combination of Azotobacter @ 2 % with other organic amendments and treatment T1 give higher yield and better quality of broccoli.","PeriodicalId":36960,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Pakistan Academy of Sciences: Part B","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44416712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shahid Saleem, Iqbal Hussain, Hafeez Ullah, M. Iqbal, Umair Aslam, Muhammad Anis Uddin Nasir, Abdul Khaliq, Syed Ahtisham Masood, H. Rauf, Adnan Noor Shah, Fida Hussain
Increasing water shortage has compelled farmers to develop plans for efficient use of water resources. The improvement in water use efficiency at the field level is very important and can redress water scarcity. LASER land leveling is increasing quickly in the world to increase water use efficiency. However, in developing countries, the practice of LASER leveling is to level land or field with zero (0 %) gradient due to unawareness of gradient-based land leveling while a small gradient (e.g., 0.1 %) is usually kept during land leveling in developed countries of the world. But farmers of developing countries are not well, therefore, an experiment was conducted in farmers’ fields covering an area of 3 acres in south Punjab of Pakistan to assess the LASER leveling with a 0 % and 0.05 % grade and general farmer’s practice of leveling. Land leveling with LASER using a 0.05 % gradient considerably decreased the amount of irrigation water and/or enhanced water use efficiency by increasing crop yield followed by LASER leveling with a 0 % gradient. Similarly, with a 0.05 % gradient, bolls per plant and final cotton yield increased considerably followed by a 0 % gradient while minimum bolls per plant and cotton yield were obtained from the farmer’s practice of leveling. LASER land leveling with a 0.05 % gradient resulted in higher net benefit due to increased yield and a considerable decrease in irrigation amount that significantly improved use efficiency. The outcomes suggest that benefits from land leveling with LASER keeping a 0.05 % gradient are significantly higher when compared with 0 % gradient and/or farmers’ practice of leveling.
{"title":"Gradient-based LASER Land Leveling Increases the Water Use Efficiency, Growth, and Yield of Cotton Crop under Changing Climate","authors":"Shahid Saleem, Iqbal Hussain, Hafeez Ullah, M. Iqbal, Umair Aslam, Muhammad Anis Uddin Nasir, Abdul Khaliq, Syed Ahtisham Masood, H. Rauf, Adnan Noor Shah, Fida Hussain","doi":"10.53560/ppasb(60-2)813","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53560/ppasb(60-2)813","url":null,"abstract":"Increasing water shortage has compelled farmers to develop plans for efficient use of water resources. The improvement in water use efficiency at the field level is very important and can redress water scarcity. LASER land leveling is increasing quickly in the world to increase water use efficiency. However, in developing countries, the practice of LASER leveling is to level land or field with zero (0 %) gradient due to unawareness of gradient-based land leveling while a small gradient (e.g., 0.1 %) is usually kept during land leveling in developed countries of the world. But farmers of developing countries are not well, therefore, an experiment was conducted in farmers’ fields covering an area of 3 acres in south Punjab of Pakistan to assess the LASER leveling with a 0 % and 0.05 % grade and general farmer’s practice of leveling. Land leveling with LASER using a 0.05 % gradient considerably decreased the amount of irrigation water and/or enhanced water use efficiency by increasing crop yield followed by LASER leveling with a 0 % gradient. Similarly, with a 0.05 % gradient, bolls per plant and final cotton yield increased considerably followed by a 0 % gradient while minimum bolls per plant and cotton yield were obtained from the farmer’s practice of leveling. LASER land leveling with a 0.05 % gradient resulted in higher net benefit due to increased yield and a considerable decrease in irrigation amount that significantly improved use efficiency. The outcomes suggest that benefits from land leveling with LASER keeping a 0.05 % gradient are significantly higher when compared with 0 % gradient and/or farmers’ practice of leveling.","PeriodicalId":36960,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Pakistan Academy of Sciences: Part B","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46352518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Afira Waqar, Bushra Chaudhry, Ikram-ul Haq, Ali Nawaz
To date, inconclusive data is available about the insight of the FTO gene variant with type 2 diabetes mellitus. T2DM is a chronic disease and a rising problem worldwide. Its complications lead to an increase in the burden of mortality specifically in lower and medium-income countries. Genome-wide association studies have spotted many genetic loci that are related to T2DM and validate the complicated polygenic traits. Many variants of different genes including FTO are associated with T2DM hence, this study was designed to inspect and unfold obscure data in South Asians. The main objective of present study is to identify the relation of FTO intronic variant rs9939609 with T2DM in Karachi-based Sindhi population of Pakistan. Total recruited individuals were grouped as diabetic cases and controls. Out of the total recruited subjects, genotyping was done on 152 samples using T-ARMS PCR however, demographic and clinical data were recorded of all individuals. The results showed that the frequency of variant genotypes in the diabetic case group was 11 % for AA, 45 % for AT and 44 % for TT though, the frequency of the lethal allele (T) was 34 %. These outcomes concluded, rare T allele frequency is higher among diabetic cases as compared to controls and provides the contribution from the Pakistani population to support the previous controversial findings. This study concluded FTO gene-single nucleotide polymorphism, rs9939609 is associated with T2DM but still, it is a growing need to do further studies on T2DM susceptible genes with different polymorphisms to recognize targets in the field of pharmacogenomics for clinical implementation.
{"title":"Association of the Gene FTO Single Nucleotide Polymorphism, rs9939609 with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Pakistani Cohort","authors":"Afira Waqar, Bushra Chaudhry, Ikram-ul Haq, Ali Nawaz","doi":"10.53560/ppasb(60-2)871","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53560/ppasb(60-2)871","url":null,"abstract":"To date, inconclusive data is available about the insight of the FTO gene variant with type 2 diabetes mellitus. T2DM is a chronic disease and a rising problem worldwide. Its complications lead to an increase in the burden of mortality specifically in lower and medium-income countries. Genome-wide association studies have spotted many genetic loci that are related to T2DM and validate the complicated polygenic traits. Many variants of different genes including FTO are associated with T2DM hence, this study was designed to inspect and unfold obscure data in South Asians. The main objective of present study is to identify the relation of FTO intronic variant rs9939609 with T2DM in Karachi-based Sindhi population of Pakistan. Total recruited individuals were grouped as diabetic cases and controls. Out of the total recruited subjects, genotyping was done on 152 samples using T-ARMS PCR however, demographic and clinical data were recorded of all individuals. The results showed that the frequency of variant genotypes in the diabetic case group was 11 % for AA, 45 % for AT and 44 % for TT though, the frequency of the lethal allele (T) was 34 %. These outcomes concluded, rare T allele frequency is higher among diabetic cases as compared to controls and provides the contribution from the Pakistani population to support the previous controversial findings. This study concluded FTO gene-single nucleotide polymorphism, rs9939609 is associated with T2DM but still, it is a growing need to do further studies on T2DM susceptible genes with different polymorphisms to recognize targets in the field of pharmacogenomics for clinical implementation.","PeriodicalId":36960,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Pakistan Academy of Sciences: Part B","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47607105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Susan Abdul, Raheem Hasan, Jehan Abdul Sattar, S. S. Al-jubori
Nanotechnology is a continually expanding field for its uses and applications in multiple areas i.e. medicine, science, and engineering. Biosynthesis is straightforward, less-toxicity, and cost-effective technology. TiO2 NPs biosynthesis has attained consideration in recent decades. In this study, probiotic bacteria were isolated from cow’s raw milk samples, and then were identified by using the Vitek2 system; as Leuconostoc spp. included Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp. mesenteroides (Leu.1), Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp. cremoris (Leu.4), and Leuconostoc pseudomesenteroides (Leu.14). All Leuconostoc spp. isolates showed an ability for TiO2 NPs bio-production, after being incubated at anaerobic conditions (30 o C/ 24 h) in DeMan Regosa and Sharpe (MRS) broth medium. The biosynthesized TiO2 nanoparticles were characterized using the following apparatuses: UV-Vis spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) apparatus, Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM) in addition to Energy Dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) spectra. The characterized biosynthesized TiO2 NPs were spherical-shaped, nanostructure anatase crystals with an average size range of 53.35-59.41 nm. The UV absorption spectrum was observed at the wavelength 344-248 nm; the topography AFM 2D and 3D images result showed the height and roughness of biosynthesized TiO2 NPs that were in the range of 1.137-18.88 nm. Absorption peaks in the FTIR spectra were located in a region typical of TiO2 NPs, and biosynthesized TiO2 nanoparticles’ main IR topographies (408.21- 445.80) cm-1 belonged to anatase Titania (Ti-O-Ti) bridge.
{"title":"Characterization of Titanium dioxide (TiO2 ) Nanoparticles Biosynthesized using Leuconostoc spp. Isolated from Cow’s Raw Milk","authors":"Susan Abdul, Raheem Hasan, Jehan Abdul Sattar, S. S. Al-jubori","doi":"10.53560/ppasb(60-1)823","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53560/ppasb(60-1)823","url":null,"abstract":"Nanotechnology is a continually expanding field for its uses and applications in multiple areas i.e. medicine, science, and engineering. Biosynthesis is straightforward, less-toxicity, and cost-effective technology. TiO2 NPs biosynthesis has attained consideration in recent decades. In this study, probiotic bacteria were isolated from cow’s raw milk samples, and then were identified by using the Vitek2 system; as Leuconostoc spp. included Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp. mesenteroides (Leu.1), Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp. cremoris (Leu.4), and Leuconostoc pseudomesenteroides (Leu.14). All Leuconostoc spp. isolates showed an ability for TiO2 NPs bio-production, after being incubated at anaerobic conditions (30 o C/ 24 h) in DeMan Regosa and Sharpe (MRS) broth medium. The biosynthesized TiO2 nanoparticles were characterized using the following apparatuses: UV-Vis spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) apparatus, Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM) in addition to Energy Dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) spectra. The characterized biosynthesized TiO2 NPs were spherical-shaped, nanostructure anatase crystals with an average size range of 53.35-59.41 nm. The UV absorption spectrum was observed at the wavelength 344-248 nm; the topography AFM 2D and 3D images result showed the height and roughness of biosynthesized TiO2 NPs that were in the range of 1.137-18.88 nm. Absorption peaks in the FTIR spectra were located in a region typical of TiO2 NPs, and biosynthesized TiO2 nanoparticles’ main IR topographies (408.21- 445.80) cm-1 belonged to anatase Titania (Ti-O-Ti) bridge.","PeriodicalId":36960,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Pakistan Academy of Sciences: Part B","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42464060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study was designed to estimate the quality of the frying oils used in northern areas of Pakistan. A cross-sectional analysis was performed to investigate the behavior and common practices of street food vendors (SFVs) regarding oil selection, food preparation, and awareness of rancid oil on human health. Seventy-Eight (78) commercial fried oil samples were evaluated based on the free fatty acid (FFAs), peroxide value (PV), moisture contents (MC), total polar matter (TPM), color, and iodine value (IV). The analysis showed that FFAs, PV, TPM, color, and IV significantly deviated from standard values provided by Pakistan Standard Quality Control Authority, (PSQCA) Pakistan. The SFVs used low-quality oil because of low price and ease of availability over quality, frying oil was changed infrequently and blended with new oil. Furthermore, the majority of SFVs were unaware of the hazards of rancid oil to human health, food handling practices were unsanitary, and cleaning methods were ineffective. Quality control, legislation, and SFVs safety and hygiene training are the most critical requirements to improve the overall quality of fried street foods in Gilgit, Pakistan.
{"title":"Quality Assessment of Fried Oils from Different Street Food Vendors and Restaurants in Different Areas of Gilgit, Pakistan","authors":"Sara Haider, Aqsa Akhtar, N. Khalid","doi":"10.53560/ppasb(60-1)748","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53560/ppasb(60-1)748","url":null,"abstract":"The study was designed to estimate the quality of the frying oils used in northern areas of Pakistan. A cross-sectional analysis was performed to investigate the behavior and common practices of street food vendors (SFVs) regarding oil selection, food preparation, and awareness of rancid oil on human health. Seventy-Eight (78) commercial fried oil samples were evaluated based on the free fatty acid (FFAs), peroxide value (PV), moisture contents (MC), total polar matter (TPM), color, and iodine value (IV). The analysis showed that FFAs, PV, TPM, color, and IV significantly deviated from standard values provided by Pakistan Standard Quality Control Authority, (PSQCA) Pakistan. The SFVs used low-quality oil because of low price and ease of availability over quality, frying oil was changed infrequently and blended with new oil. Furthermore, the majority of SFVs were unaware of the hazards of rancid oil to human health, food handling practices were unsanitary, and cleaning methods were ineffective. Quality control, legislation, and SFVs safety and hygiene training are the most critical requirements to improve the overall quality of fried street foods in Gilgit, Pakistan.","PeriodicalId":36960,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Pakistan Academy of Sciences: Part B","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45245243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hanan Javid, Roof Ul Qadir, Junaid A Magray, B. A. Wani, I. A. Nawchoo, S. Gulzar
Bistorta amplexicaulis is an essential medicinal plant found in the Kashmir Himalaya. Ethnobotanical studies have revealed that this particular species is used to treat fractures, muscle injuries, heart problems, abnormal leucorrhoea, menorrhagia and inflammation of the mouth and tongue. The current study aimed to determine the variation in growth traits and fluctuations in the allocation patterns with respect to different habitats across the altitudinal gradient. In order to adapt to unpredictable and stressful conditions at higher altitudes, phenotypic plasticity plays a crucial role. Our findings revealed considerable variability in the phenotypic traits, indicating that altitude has a defined effect on this specific species’s morphology and reproductive traits. Low altitude plant populations of Kashmir University Botanical Garden (KUBG), Dara and Tangmarg were more robust and taller (98.4±2.36, 83.58±2.69 and 74.08±1.59 cm, respectively) than the populations of Pissu top and Bangus (23.96±3.38 and 30.43±1.12 cm respectively) at higher altitudes. The habitats of KUBG, Dara, and Tangmarg proved to be substantially better for the growth of B. amplexicaulis, as per the Principal component analysis (PCA). The regression analysis demonstrated a negative relation between altitude and plant height. Traits such as leaf length/ breadth, Rhizome length/ breadth and inflorescence length showed a strong correlation with plant height. Our results provide an inclusive description of the phenotypic variability of this significant medicinal plant in response to the habitat variability across different altitudes.
{"title":"Growth dynamics and Resource allocation of Bistorta amplexicaulis (D. Don) Greene: an alteration across different habitats and altitudes","authors":"Hanan Javid, Roof Ul Qadir, Junaid A Magray, B. A. Wani, I. A. Nawchoo, S. Gulzar","doi":"10.53560/ppasb(60-1)743","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53560/ppasb(60-1)743","url":null,"abstract":"Bistorta amplexicaulis is an essential medicinal plant found in the Kashmir Himalaya. Ethnobotanical studies have revealed that this particular species is used to treat fractures, muscle injuries, heart problems, abnormal leucorrhoea, menorrhagia and inflammation of the mouth and tongue. The current study aimed to determine the variation in growth traits and fluctuations in the allocation patterns with respect to different habitats across the altitudinal gradient. In order to adapt to unpredictable and stressful conditions at higher altitudes, phenotypic plasticity plays a crucial role. Our findings revealed considerable variability in the phenotypic traits, indicating that altitude has a defined effect on this specific species’s morphology and reproductive traits. Low altitude plant populations of Kashmir University Botanical Garden (KUBG), Dara and Tangmarg were more robust and taller (98.4±2.36, 83.58±2.69 and 74.08±1.59 cm, respectively) than the populations of Pissu top and Bangus (23.96±3.38 and 30.43±1.12 cm respectively) at higher altitudes. The habitats of KUBG, Dara, and Tangmarg proved to be substantially better for the growth of B. amplexicaulis, as per the Principal component analysis (PCA). The regression analysis demonstrated a negative relation between altitude and plant height. Traits such as leaf length/ breadth, Rhizome length/ breadth and inflorescence length showed a strong correlation with plant height. Our results provide an inclusive description of the phenotypic variability of this significant medicinal plant in response to the habitat variability across different altitudes.","PeriodicalId":36960,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Pakistan Academy of Sciences: Part B","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42179833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Umar, Aliyu Abdullahi Turaki, Ahmad Ibrahim Bagudo, Rilwanu Ibrahim Yeldu
Thrombotic diseases are increasingly becoming among the prominent causes of death across the globe. Researchers are now turning attention towards fibrinolytic enzymes as potential alternative treatment for thrombolytic diseases. This present study focused on the production of extracellular fibrinolytic enzyme from soil Actinobacteria and evaluation of its hydrolytic activity on blood clot. The Actinobacteria was isolated from compost soil of semi-arid climate in Nigeria. Bacterial isolation was achieved using starch casein agar. Potent fibrinolytic enzyme producing Actinobacteria were identified and subjected to enzyme production using submerged fermentation method. The interactive effects of incubation time, temperature, pH and media components on enzyme production were analysed. Extracellular fibrinolytic enzyme produced by the selected Actinobacteria was partially purified by ammonium sulphate precipitation and subsequently assayed for blood clot lysis activity. Results of these studies indicated that fibrinolytic enzyme was produced optimally at pH 8 and temperature of 40 oC after 72 hour of fermentation. Partially purified fibrinolytic enzyme was able to degrade blood clot comparable to the positive control. These results shows that soil Actinobacteria of unexplored semi-arid climate of Nigeria present a prospect in search of novel microorganisms with potentials in the production of fibrinolytic enzyme that can serve as an alternative blood clot buster in treating thrombolytic diseases.
{"title":"Production of Fibrinolytic Enzyme by Soil Actinobacteria","authors":"A. Umar, Aliyu Abdullahi Turaki, Ahmad Ibrahim Bagudo, Rilwanu Ibrahim Yeldu","doi":"10.53560/ppasb(60-1)733","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53560/ppasb(60-1)733","url":null,"abstract":"Thrombotic diseases are increasingly becoming among the prominent causes of death across the globe. Researchers are now turning attention towards fibrinolytic enzymes as potential alternative treatment for thrombolytic diseases. This present study focused on the production of extracellular fibrinolytic enzyme from soil Actinobacteria and evaluation of its hydrolytic activity on blood clot. The Actinobacteria was isolated from compost soil of semi-arid climate in Nigeria. Bacterial isolation was achieved using starch casein agar. Potent fibrinolytic enzyme producing Actinobacteria were identified and subjected to enzyme production using submerged fermentation method. The interactive effects of incubation time, temperature, pH and media components on enzyme production were analysed. Extracellular fibrinolytic enzyme produced by the selected Actinobacteria was partially purified by ammonium sulphate precipitation and subsequently assayed for blood clot lysis activity. Results of these studies indicated that fibrinolytic enzyme was produced optimally at pH 8 and temperature of 40 oC after 72 hour of fermentation. Partially purified fibrinolytic enzyme was able to degrade blood clot comparable to the positive control. These results shows that soil Actinobacteria of unexplored semi-arid climate of Nigeria present a prospect in search of novel microorganisms with potentials in the production of fibrinolytic enzyme that can serve as an alternative blood clot buster in treating thrombolytic diseases.","PeriodicalId":36960,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Pakistan Academy of Sciences: Part B","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47151510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：