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Ecological Assessment of the Native Flora of Matta Kharari Village, Swat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan 巴基斯坦开伯尔-普赫图赫瓦省斯瓦特Matta Kharari村原生植物的生态评价
Q4 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-06-24 DOI: 10.53560/ppasb(60-2)750
Shima Habib, Lal Badshah, Ishtiaq Ahmad, Waqar Ahmad, Abdullah, Shujaul Mulk Khan
Plant species composition, diversity and distribution is a hierarchical expression of vegetation determined by different environmental factors. A study was conducted to document the floristic composition and biological spectrum of plant species of the Matta-Kharari region, Swat. The region has not been ecologically explored yet. We used quantitative ecological techniques for sampling plant species. Sixty-seven quadrats of 1x1 m2 for herbs, 5x5 m2 for shrubs and 10x10 m2 size for trees were established. Plant species data were analyzed using multivariate statistical techniques. We evaluated 76 plant species belonging to 42 families. Asteraceae and Rosaceae were the leading families with 8 species each, followed by Ranunculaceae, Lamiaceae and Moraceae with 4 species each. Among life form classes i.e., geophytes were dominant (13 species, 17.10 %), followed by therophytes (12 species, 15.87 %), nanophanerophytes (11 species, 14.47 %), and chamaephytes (10 species, 13.58 %). Moreover, Mesophylls (36.84 %) were the dominant leaf spectra class followed by nanophyll (30.26 %), microphyll (27.63 %), and megaphyll (2.63 %). The two-way cluster analysis classified the vegetation into three clusters. The detrended correspondence analysis shows the distribution of plants in a mixed array because the locations explored are characterized by similar climatic factors and vegetation. We elucidate that the variation in climatic factors and topography brings variation in vegetation. Understanding these responses at the life form and leaf spectra level will provide a better understanding and knowledge that how plant species and their communities or associations respond to changes in climate in the future. The current study could be utilized as a baseline for large-scale studies in the future.
植物物种组成、多样性和分布是由不同环境因素决定的植被的层次表达。进行了一项研究,以记录斯瓦特省Matta Kharari地区植物物种的区系组成和生物光谱。该地区尚未进行生态勘探。我们使用定量生态学技术对植物物种进行采样。建立了67个样方,草本为1x1 m2,灌木为5x5 m2,树木为10x10 m2。使用多元统计技术对植物物种数据进行分析。我们评估了42科76种植物。菊科和蔷薇科各有8种,其次是毛茛科、Lamiaceae和Moraceae,各有4种。在生命形式类别中,地生植物占主导地位(13种,17.10%),其次是兽生植物(12种,15.87%)、纳米显生植物(11种,14.47%)和变色植物(10种,13.58%)。此外,中间叶(36.84%)是主要的叶光谱类别,其次是纳米叶(30.26%)、小叶(27.63%)和巨叶(2.63%)。双向聚类分析将植被分为三类。去趋势对应分析显示了植物在混合阵列中的分布,因为所探索的位置具有相似的气候因素和植被特征。我们阐明了气候因素和地形的变化带来了植被的变化。从生命形式和叶谱水平了解这些反应将更好地了解和了解植物物种及其群落或协会如何应对未来气候变化。目前的研究可以作为未来大规模研究的基线。
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引用次数: 0
Distribution, Morphometrics and DNA barcoding of Archotermopsis wroughtoni Desneux (Termopsidae: Blattodea) in District Mansehra, Pakistan 巴基斯坦Mansehra地区华白蚁的分布、形态计量学和DNA条形码
Q4 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-06-24 DOI: 10.53560/ppasb(60-2)888
Hamid Ur Rahman, Sobia Attaullah, Tariq Mahmood, Ashfaq Ahmad
Archotermopsis wroughtoni is a primitive termite species with distinct biological and behavioral features. Despite its presence in temperate regions worldwide, including the Oriental region, there is a lack of data on the current distribution of this species in the Mansehra district of Pakistan. Samples were collected from forested areas, including the Kaghan, Naran, Mahandri, and Shogran valleys. The distribution of A. wroughtoni was determined by observing decayed and fallen wooden logs, and host plants were identified to assess the species’ host preference. Morphometric identification was performed following relevant literature, and the barcoding technique of mtDNA COII was used to authenticate the species. Phylogenetic analyses were conducted using the neighbor-joining and maximum parsimony methods. The study revealed the presence of A. wroughtoni in the forests of northern Mansehra, where it preferred tree species such as Cedrus deodara and Pinus excelsa for nest construction and foraging. The findings of this research will contribute to future studies on the biology and ecology of A. wroughtoni and aid in developing conservation strategies for this species and other social insects.
沃氏大白蚁是一种具有明显生物学和行为学特征的原始白蚁。尽管它存在于世界各地的温带地区,包括东方地区,但缺乏关于该物种目前在巴基斯坦曼谢拉地区分布的数据。样本是从森林地区采集的,包括Kaghan、Naran、Mahandri和Shogran山谷。通过观察腐烂和倒下的原木来确定A.wroughtoni的分布,并鉴定寄主植物以评估该物种的寄主偏好。根据相关文献进行形态计量学鉴定,并使用mtDNA COII条形码技术对物种进行鉴定。系统发育分析使用相邻连接和最大简约方法进行。这项研究揭示了A.wroughtoni在曼谢拉北部的森林中的存在,在那里,它更喜欢雪松和松树等树种来筑巢和觅食。这项研究的发现将有助于未来对A.wroughtoni生物学和生态学的研究,并有助于制定该物种和其他社会昆虫的保护策略。
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引用次数: 0
Pharmacognostic Study of Ehretia acuminata R.Br. 尖锐疱疹的生药学研究。
Q4 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-06-24 DOI: 10.53560/ppasb(60-2)743
Hikmat Ullah, Anis Saeed, Gulnaz Parveen, N. Mukhtar, Muhammad Siraj, Zulqarnain, A. Sami, Muhammad Tayyab Gul
Ehretia acuminata, commonly known as “Puna” in Pakistan, is from the Boraginaceae family and is used in ecological, medicinal, and agricultural sectors. The current study was conducted to assess the pharmacognostic potency of bark extracts from E. acuminata. The crude distilled water, ethanol, and chloroform extracts signified a concentration-dependent increase in intestinal mobility of the experimented animal, and the plant delivered methodical proof for its pharmacological usage as an antispasmodic drug. The bark distilled water, bark ethanol, and bark chloroform extracts revealed (11±1, 9±1, and 11±1) antispasmodic potential at (300 mg/kg). The distilled water, ethanol, and chloroform extracts also showed analgesic potential in the present study and the results were concentration dependent. The bark distilled water, bark ethanol, and bark chloroform extracts revealed the (10±1,16±1, and 11±1) analgesic potential at (300 mg/kg). The distilled water, ethanol, and chloroform extracts also showed the muscle relaxant potential in this study and the results were concentration dependent. The Bark distilled water, Bark ethanol, and Bark chloroform extracts revealed the (6±1, 5±1, and 5±1) at (300 mg/kg). While the distilled water, ethanol and chloroform extracts did not show acute toxic effects against the tested animal mice. In this study, bark extracts of E. acuminata showed pharmacological potency in experimental animals. The plant delivered scientific proof for its pharmacological usage as an antispasmodic, acutely toxic, muscle relaxant, as well as an analgesic drug.
渐尖Ehretia在巴基斯坦通常被称为“Puna”,来自紫草科,用于生态、医药和农业部门。本研究旨在评估尖锐湿疣树皮提取物的生药学效力。粗蒸馏水、乙醇和氯仿提取物表明实验动物的肠道活动性随浓度而增加,这种植物为其作为解痉药物的药理学用途提供了系统的证据。树皮蒸馏水、树皮乙醇和树皮氯仿提取物在(300mg/kg)时显示出(11±1、9±1和11±1)的抗痉挛潜力。在本研究中,蒸馏水、乙醇和氯仿提取物也显示出镇痛潜力,结果与浓度有关。树皮蒸馏水、树皮乙醇和树皮氯仿提取物在(300mg/kg)时显示出(10±1,16±1和11±1)的镇痛潜力。在本研究中,蒸馏水、乙醇和氯仿提取物也显示出肌肉松弛剂的潜力,结果与浓度有关。树皮蒸馏水、树皮乙醇和树皮氯仿提取物在(300mg/kg)时显示(6±1、5±1和5±1)。而蒸馏水、乙醇和氯仿提取物对受试动物小鼠没有显示出急性毒性作用。在这项研究中,尖锐湿疣的树皮提取物在实验动物中显示出药理效力。该植物提供了科学证据,证明其作为一种抗痉挛、剧毒、肌肉松弛剂和镇痛药的药理用途。
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引用次数: 0
Effect of Different Organic Amendments on Growth, Yield and Quality of Broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica) 不同有机改良剂对花椰菜生长、产量和品质的影响
Q4 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-06-24 DOI: 10.53560/ppasb(60-2)793
Rajkumari Asha, Rupmalin Devi, Avinash Kropi, Kumar, Tanuj Thakur
To study the effect of different organic amendments on growth, yield and quality of broccoli a field experiment was conducted during 2021–2022 in the Agriculture Research Farm, Lovely Professional University, Punjab A Factorial Randomized Block Design (FRBD) with two factors was used. Factors 1 and 2 are varieties (V1: Palam Vichitra and V2: Palam Kanchan) and biofertilizers (T1: Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria @ 2 % + Azotobacter @ 2 %, T2: Phosphate solubilizing @ 2 %, T3: Azotobacter @ 2 %, and T0: Control). A total of eight treatments were used, i.e., T1V1 (Palam Vichitra X Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria @ 2 % + Azotobacter @ 2 %), T2V1 (Palam Vichitra X P.S.B @ 2 %), T3V1 (Palam Vichitra X Azotobacter @ 2 %), T0V1 (Palam Vichitra X Control), T1V1 (Palam Vichitra X Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria @ 2% + Azotobacter @ 2 %), T0V1 (Palam Kanchan X Phosphate solubilizing bacteria @ 2 %), T3V2 (Palam Kanchan X Azotobacter @ 2 %), T0V2 (Palam Kanchan X Control). The experiment reveals that among all treatments like growth, quality and yield parameters T1 showed the best result for V1 and in V2, T3 showed the best result for almost all the parameters. Floral bud initiation was early when treated with T1 in both the varieties, i.e., V1 (63 DAT) and V2 (63.67 DAT). Days to harvest were the same for all the treatments in V1 (90 DAT) and in V2, T1 (90 DAT) took the least amount of time for harvesting. It can be concluded that, combination of Azotobacter @ 2 % with other organic amendments and treatment T1 give higher yield and better quality of broccoli.
为研究不同有机改良剂对西兰花生长、产量和品质的影响,于2021-2022年在旁遮普省洛夫利专业大学农业研究农场进行了田间试验。因子1和因子2为品种(V1: Palam Vichitra和V2: Palam Kanchan)和生物肥料(T1:磷酸盐增溶菌@ 2% +固氮菌@ 2%,T2:磷酸盐增溶菌@ 2%,T3:固氮菌@ 2%,T0:对照)。总共有八个治疗使用,也就是说,T1V1 (Palam Vichitra X磷酸盐增溶的细菌固氮菌@ @ 2% + 2%),T2V1 (Palam Vichitra X P.S.B @ 2%), T3V1 (Palam Vichitra X固氮菌@ 2%),T0V1 (Palam Vichitra X控制),T1V1 (Palam Vichitra X磷酸盐增溶的细菌固氮菌@ @ 2% + 2%),T0V1 (Palam Kanchan X磷酸盐增溶的细菌@ 2%),T3V2 (Palam Kanchan X固氮菌@ 2%),T0V2 (Palam Kanchan X控制)。试验结果表明,在生长、品质和产量参数处理中,T1处理对V1效果最好,而在V2处理中,T3处理对几乎所有参数效果都最好。在T1处理下,V1 (63 DAT)和V2 (63.67 DAT)的花芽形成时间较早。V1处理(90dat)的收获天数相同,V2处理中,T1处理(90dat)的收获时间最短。综上所述,添加2%固氮菌和其他有机改良剂及T1处理可提高西兰花的产量和品质。
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引用次数: 0
Gradient-based LASER Land Leveling Increases the Water Use Efficiency, Growth, and Yield of Cotton Crop under Changing Climate 基于梯度的激光土地平整在气候变化下提高棉花的水分利用效率、生长和产量
Q4 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-06-23 DOI: 10.53560/ppasb(60-2)813
Shahid Saleem, Iqbal Hussain, Hafeez Ullah, M. Iqbal, Umair Aslam, Muhammad Anis Uddin Nasir, Abdul Khaliq, Syed Ahtisham Masood, H. Rauf, Adnan Noor Shah, Fida Hussain
Increasing water shortage has compelled farmers to develop plans for efficient use of water resources. The improvement in water use efficiency at the field level is very important and can redress water scarcity. LASER land leveling is increasing quickly in the world to increase water use efficiency. However, in developing countries, the practice of LASER leveling is to level land or field with zero (0 %) gradient due to unawareness of gradient-based land leveling while a small gradient (e.g., 0.1 %) is usually kept during land leveling in developed countries of the world. But farmers of developing countries are not well, therefore, an experiment was conducted in farmers’ fields covering an area of 3 acres in south Punjab of Pakistan to assess the LASER leveling with a 0 % and 0.05 % grade and general farmer’s practice of leveling. Land leveling with LASER using a 0.05 % gradient considerably decreased the amount of irrigation water and/or enhanced water use efficiency by increasing crop yield followed by LASER leveling with a 0 % gradient. Similarly, with a 0.05 % gradient, bolls per plant and final cotton yield increased considerably followed by a 0 % gradient while minimum bolls per plant and cotton yield were obtained from the farmer’s practice of leveling. LASER land leveling with a 0.05 % gradient resulted in higher net benefit due to increased yield and a considerable decrease in irrigation amount that significantly improved use efficiency. The outcomes suggest that benefits from land leveling with LASER keeping a 0.05 % gradient are significantly higher when compared with 0 % gradient and/or farmers’ practice of leveling.
日益严重的水资源短缺迫使农民制定有效利用水资源的计划。提高农田水分利用效率是解决水资源短缺问题的重要途径。为了提高水资源利用效率,激光土地平整技术在世界范围内得到迅速发展。然而,在发展中国家,由于没有意识到基于梯度的土地平整,激光平整的做法是将零(0%)梯度的土地或田地平整,而在世界发达国家,在土地平整过程中通常保持一个小的梯度(例如0.1%)。但是发展中国家的农民不太好,因此,在巴基斯坦旁遮普省南部3英亩的农民田间进行了一项实验,以评估激光平整率为0%和0.05%的等级以及一般农民的平整做法。使用0.05%坡度的激光平整土地,通过提高作物产量,大大减少了灌溉水量和/或提高了水的利用效率,然后使用0%坡度的激光平整。同样,当梯度为0.05%时,单株铃数和最终棉花产量显著增加,随后梯度为0%,而单株最小铃数和棉花产量则通过农民的整平实践获得。以0.05%坡度进行激光平整的土地,由于产量增加,净效益更高,灌溉量大幅减少,利用效率显著提高。结果表明,与坡度为0%和/或农民进行平整相比,激光保持0.05%坡度平整的土地收益明显更高。
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引用次数: 0
Association of the Gene FTO Single Nucleotide Polymorphism, rs9939609 with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Pakistani Cohort 巴基斯坦人群中FTO基因单核苷酸多态性rs9939609与2型糖尿病的关系
Q4 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-05-27 DOI: 10.53560/ppasb(60-2)871
Afira Waqar, Bushra Chaudhry, Ikram-ul Haq, Ali Nawaz
To date, inconclusive data is available about the insight of the FTO gene variant with type 2 diabetes mellitus. T2DM is a chronic disease and a rising problem worldwide. Its complications lead to an increase in the burden of mortality specifically in lower and medium-income countries. Genome-wide association studies have spotted many genetic loci that are related to T2DM and validate the complicated polygenic traits. Many variants of different genes including FTO are associated with T2DM hence, this study was designed to inspect and unfold obscure data in South Asians. The main objective of present study is to identify the relation of FTO intronic variant rs9939609 with T2DM in Karachi-based Sindhi population of Pakistan. Total recruited individuals were grouped as diabetic cases and controls. Out of the total recruited subjects, genotyping was done on 152 samples using T-ARMS PCR however, demographic and clinical data were recorded of all individuals. The results showed that the frequency of variant genotypes in the diabetic case group was 11 % for AA, 45 % for AT and 44 % for TT though, the frequency of the lethal allele (T) was 34 %. These outcomes concluded, rare T allele frequency is higher among diabetic cases as compared to controls and provides the contribution from the Pakistani population to support the previous controversial findings. This study concluded FTO gene-single nucleotide polymorphism, rs9939609 is associated with T2DM but still, it is a growing need to do further studies on T2DM susceptible genes with different polymorphisms to recognize targets in the field of pharmacogenomics for clinical implementation.
到目前为止,关于FTO基因变异与2型糖尿病的相关性,尚无定论的数据。T2DM是一种慢性疾病,也是世界范围内日益严重的问题。其复杂性导致死亡率负担增加,特别是在中低收入国家。全基因组关联研究发现了许多与T2DM相关的遗传位点,并验证了复杂的多基因特征。包括FTO在内的许多不同基因变体与T2DM有关,因此,本研究旨在检查和揭示南亚人的模糊数据。本研究的主要目的是确定巴基斯坦卡拉奇信德省人群中FTO内含子变体rs9939609与T2DM的关系。招募的总个体被分组为糖尿病病例和对照组。在所有招募的受试者中,使用T-ARMS PCR对152个样本进行了基因分型,但记录了所有个体的人口统计学和临床数据。结果显示,糖尿病病例组AA、AT和TT的变异基因型频率分别为11%、45%和44%,但致死等位基因(T)的频率为34%。这些结果得出结论,与对照组相比,糖尿病病例中罕见的T等位基因频率更高,巴基斯坦人群对支持先前有争议的发现做出了贡献。本研究得出FTO基因单核苷酸多态性rs9939609与T2DM相关,但对具有不同多态性的T2DM易感基因进行进一步研究以识别药物基因组学领域的靶点以供临床应用的需求越来越大。
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引用次数: 0
Characterization of Titanium dioxide (TiO2 ) Nanoparticles Biosynthesized using Leuconostoc spp. Isolated from Cow’s Raw Milk 从奶牛原料乳中分离的白垩白菌生物合成二氧化钛纳米颗粒的表征
Q4 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-03-10 DOI: 10.53560/ppasb(60-1)823
Susan Abdul, Raheem Hasan, Jehan Abdul Sattar, S. S. Al-jubori
Nanotechnology is a continually expanding field for its uses and applications in multiple areas i.e. medicine, science, and engineering. Biosynthesis is straightforward, less-toxicity, and cost-effective technology. TiO2 NPs biosynthesis has attained consideration in recent decades. In this study, probiotic bacteria were isolated from cow’s raw milk samples, and then were identified by using the Vitek2 system; as Leuconostoc spp. included Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp. mesenteroides (Leu.1), Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp. cremoris (Leu.4), and Leuconostoc pseudomesenteroides (Leu.14). All Leuconostoc spp. isolates showed an ability for TiO2 NPs bio-production, after being incubated at anaerobic conditions (30 o C/ 24 h) in DeMan Regosa and Sharpe (MRS) broth medium. The biosynthesized TiO2 nanoparticles were characterized using the following apparatuses: UV-Vis spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) apparatus, Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM) in addition to Energy Dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) spectra. The characterized biosynthesized TiO2 NPs were spherical-shaped, nanostructure anatase crystals with an average size range of 53.35-59.41 nm. The UV absorption spectrum was observed at the wavelength 344-248 nm; the topography AFM 2D and 3D images result showed the height and roughness of biosynthesized TiO2 NPs that were in the range of 1.137-18.88 nm. Absorption peaks in the FTIR spectra were located in a region typical of TiO2 NPs, and biosynthesized TiO2 nanoparticles’ main IR topographies (408.21- 445.80) cm-1 belonged to anatase Titania (Ti-O-Ti) bridge.
纳米技术是一个不断扩大的领域,其用途和应用在多个领域,即医学,科学和工程。生物合成是一种直接、低毒、低成本的技术。近几十年来,TiO2纳米粒子的生物合成得到了广泛的关注。本研究从奶牛原料乳样品中分离出益生菌,并用Vitek2系统进行鉴定;如Leuconostoc sp.包括Leuconostoc mesenteroides亚sp.;肠系膜(Leu.1);cremoris (Leu.4)和Leuconostoc pseudomesenteroides (Leu.14)。在DeMan Regosa和Sharpe (MRS)肉汤培养基中厌氧(30℃/ 24 h)培养后,所有Leuconostoc菌株均表现出产TiO2 NPs的能力。利用紫外可见光谱、x射线衍射仪(XRD)、原子力显微镜(AFM)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、场发射扫描电镜(FE-SEM)以及能量色散x射线分析(EDX)等仪器对生物合成的TiO2纳米粒子进行了表征。所表征的生物合成TiO2 NPs为球形、纳米结构的锐钛矿晶体,平均尺寸范围为53.35 ~ 59.41 nm。紫外吸收光谱在344 ~ 248 nm处;形貌AFM二维和三维图像结果显示,生物合成的TiO2 NPs的高度和粗糙度在1.137 ~ 18.88 nm之间。FTIR光谱中的吸收峰位于TiO2纳米粒子的典型区域,生物合成的TiO2纳米粒子的主要红外形貌(408.21 ~ 445.80)cm-1属于锐钛矿型二氧化钛(Ti-O-Ti)桥。
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引用次数: 0
Quality Assessment of Fried Oils from Different Street Food Vendors and Restaurants in Different Areas of Gilgit, Pakistan 巴基斯坦吉尔吉特不同地区不同街头食品摊贩和餐馆煎炸油的质量评估
Q4 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-03-03 DOI: 10.53560/ppasb(60-1)748
Sara Haider, Aqsa Akhtar, N. Khalid
The study was designed to estimate the quality of the frying oils used in northern areas of Pakistan. A cross-sectional analysis was performed to investigate the behavior and common practices of street food vendors (SFVs) regarding oil selection, food preparation, and awareness of rancid oil on human health. Seventy-Eight (78) commercial fried oil samples were evaluated based on the free fatty acid (FFAs), peroxide value (PV), moisture contents (MC), total polar matter (TPM), color, and iodine value (IV). The analysis showed that FFAs, PV, TPM, color, and IV significantly deviated from standard values provided by Pakistan Standard Quality Control Authority, (PSQCA) Pakistan. The SFVs used low-quality oil because of low price and ease of availability over quality, frying oil was changed infrequently and blended with new oil. Furthermore, the majority of SFVs were unaware of the hazards of rancid oil to human health, food handling practices were unsanitary, and cleaning methods were ineffective. Quality control, legislation, and SFVs safety and hygiene training are the most critical requirements to improve the overall quality of fried street foods in Gilgit, Pakistan.
这项研究旨在评估巴基斯坦北部地区使用的煎炸油的质量。进行了一项横断面分析,以调查街头食品摊贩(SFV)在油脂选择、食品制备和对腐烂油脂对人类健康的认识方面的行为和常见做法。根据游离脂肪酸(FFAs)、过氧化值(PV)、水分含量(MC)、总极性物质(TPM)、颜色和碘值(IV)评估了七十八(78)个商业煎炸油样品。分析表明,FFA、PV、TPM、颜色和IV显著偏离了巴基斯坦标准质量控制局(PSQCA)提供的标准值。SFV使用低质量的油,因为价格低,易于获得而非质量,煎炸油很少更换,并与新油混合。此外,大多数SFV没有意识到腐臭油对人类健康的危害,食品处理方法不卫生,清洁方法无效。质量控制、立法以及SFV安全和卫生培训是提高巴基斯坦吉尔吉特街头油炸食品整体质量的最关键要求。
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引用次数: 0
Growth dynamics and Resource allocation of Bistorta amplexicaulis (D. Don) Greene: an alteration across different habitats and altitudes 不同生境和海拔高度对大叶青树生长动态和资源配置的影响
Q4 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-03-03 DOI: 10.53560/ppasb(60-1)743
Hanan Javid, Roof Ul Qadir, Junaid A Magray, B. A. Wani, I. A. Nawchoo, S. Gulzar
Bistorta amplexicaulis is an essential medicinal plant found in the Kashmir Himalaya. Ethnobotanical studies have revealed that this particular species is used to treat fractures, muscle injuries, heart problems, abnormal leucorrhoea, menorrhagia and inflammation of the mouth and tongue. The current study aimed to determine the variation in growth traits and fluctuations in the allocation patterns with respect to different habitats across the altitudinal gradient. In order to adapt to unpredictable and stressful conditions at higher altitudes, phenotypic plasticity plays a crucial role. Our findings revealed considerable variability in the phenotypic traits, indicating that altitude has a defined effect on this specific species’s morphology and reproductive traits. Low altitude plant populations of Kashmir University Botanical Garden (KUBG), Dara and Tangmarg were more robust and taller (98.4±2.36, 83.58±2.69 and 74.08±1.59 cm, respectively) than the populations of Pissu top and Bangus (23.96±3.38 and 30.43±1.12 cm respectively) at higher altitudes. The habitats of KUBG, Dara, and Tangmarg proved to be substantially better for the growth of B. amplexicaulis, as per the Principal component analysis (PCA). The regression analysis demonstrated a negative relation between altitude and plant height. Traits such as leaf length/ breadth, Rhizome length/ breadth and inflorescence length showed a strong correlation with plant height. Our results provide an inclusive description of the phenotypic variability of this significant medicinal plant in response to the habitat variability across different altitudes.
抱茎双卷是在克什米尔喜马拉雅地区发现的一种重要药用植物。民族植物学研究表明,这种特殊的物种用于治疗骨折、肌肉损伤、心脏问题、异常白带、月经过多以及口腔和舌头炎症。目前的研究旨在确定不同栖息地在海拔梯度上生长特征的变化和分配模式的波动。为了适应高海拔地区不可预测和紧张的条件,表型可塑性起着至关重要的作用。我们的发现揭示了表型性状的显著变异性,表明海拔高度对该特定物种的形态和繁殖性状有明确的影响。克什米尔大学植物园(KUBG)、达拉和唐玛格的低海拔植物种群比高海拔的皮苏和班格斯种群(分别为23.96±3.38和30.43±1.12厘米)更健壮、更高(分别为98.4±2.36、83.58±2.69和74.08±1.59厘米)。根据主成分分析(PCA),KUBG、Dara和Tangmarg的栖息地被证明对抱茎弯孢杆菌的生长有很大的好处。回归分析表明,海拔高度与株高呈负相关。叶长/宽、根状茎长/宽和花序长等性状与株高呈强相关。我们的研究结果对这种重要药用植物的表型变异进行了全面的描述,以应对不同海拔高度的栖息地变异。
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引用次数: 0
Production of Fibrinolytic Enzyme by Soil Actinobacteria 土壤放线菌生产纤维蛋白水解酶的研究
Q4 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-03-03 DOI: 10.53560/ppasb(60-1)733
A. Umar, Aliyu Abdullahi Turaki, Ahmad Ibrahim Bagudo, Rilwanu Ibrahim Yeldu
Thrombotic diseases are increasingly becoming among the prominent causes of death across the globe. Researchers are now turning attention towards fibrinolytic enzymes as potential alternative treatment for thrombolytic diseases. This present study focused on the production of extracellular fibrinolytic enzyme from soil Actinobacteria and evaluation of its hydrolytic activity on blood clot. The Actinobacteria was isolated from compost soil of semi-arid climate in Nigeria. Bacterial isolation was achieved using starch casein agar. Potent fibrinolytic enzyme producing Actinobacteria were identified and subjected to enzyme production using submerged fermentation method. The interactive effects of incubation time, temperature, pH and media components on enzyme production were analysed. Extracellular fibrinolytic enzyme produced by the selected Actinobacteria was partially purified by ammonium sulphate precipitation and subsequently assayed for blood clot lysis activity. Results of these studies indicated that fibrinolytic enzyme was produced optimally at pH 8 and temperature of 40 oC after 72 hour of fermentation. Partially purified fibrinolytic enzyme was able to degrade blood clot comparable to the positive control. These results shows that soil Actinobacteria of unexplored semi-arid climate of Nigeria present a prospect in search of novel microorganisms with potentials in the production of fibrinolytic enzyme that can serve as an alternative blood clot buster in treating thrombolytic diseases.
血栓性疾病日益成为全球主要的死亡原因之一。研究人员现在将注意力转向纤溶酶作为溶栓性疾病的潜在替代治疗方法。本文对土壤放线菌胞外纤溶酶的制备及其对血凝块的水解活性进行了研究。从尼日利亚半干旱气候的堆肥土壤中分离到放线菌。用淀粉酪蛋白琼脂进行细菌分离。鉴定了一种能产生纤溶酶的放线菌,并对其进行了深层发酵法产酶。分析了培养时间、温度、pH和培养基成分对产酶的交互作用。选择的放线菌产生的细胞外纤溶酶通过硫酸铵沉淀部分纯化,随后测定血凝块溶解活性。结果表明,发酵72小时后,在pH为8、温度为40℃的条件下,纤维蛋白溶解酶的产量最高。部分纯化的纤溶酶能够降解血凝块,与阳性对照相当。这些结果表明,在尼日利亚未开发的半干旱气候中,土壤放线菌为寻找具有生产纤维蛋白溶酶潜力的新型微生物提供了前景,该酶可作为治疗溶栓疾病的替代血凝块破栓剂。
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引用次数: 0
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Proceedings of the Pakistan Academy of Sciences: Part B
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