Microbes exist as mutualists, parasites, and symbionts or as pathogens in nature. In plant microbiota, plant immunity determines whether the interaction with microbes is friendly or hostile. Friendly interaction may have an eccentric way of mutual interrelations for a resource contribution. This interaction is called plant-endophyte mutualistic or symbiotic relation in which microorganisms (fungi, bacteria, and actinomycetes) live within robust plant tissues. It has been discovered that almost all plant species investigated by various researchers harbor one or more endophytes. They benefit their host by producing various secondary metabolites that can be employed in agriculture and medicine. Endophytes are a treasure house of many novel bioactive compounds such as steroids, tannins, terpenoids, quinones, alkaloids, saponins, and phenolic acids which makes them a potential candidate for anticancer, antibiotic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antidiabetic properties, etc. Endophytes continue to be the peculiar source of various potential drugs. This review intends to shed light on the function and potential applications of endophytes as a forthcoming source of medications for a range of illnesses/diseases as well as other potential medical uses.
{"title":"Endophytes: Potential Source of Bioactive Compounds of Pharmaceutical Importance","authors":"Tahira Younis, Lubna Rehman, Sidra Rehman, Afnan, Shinwari, Irum Iqrar, Z. Shinwari","doi":"10.53560/ppasb(59-4)780","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53560/ppasb(59-4)780","url":null,"abstract":"Microbes exist as mutualists, parasites, and symbionts or as pathogens in nature. In plant microbiota, plant immunity determines whether the interaction with microbes is friendly or hostile. Friendly interaction may have an eccentric way of mutual interrelations for a resource contribution. This interaction is called plant-endophyte mutualistic or symbiotic relation in which microorganisms (fungi, bacteria, and actinomycetes) live within robust plant tissues. It has been discovered that almost all plant species investigated by various researchers harbor one or more endophytes. They benefit their host by producing various secondary metabolites that can be employed in agriculture and medicine. Endophytes are a treasure house of many novel bioactive compounds such as steroids, tannins, terpenoids, quinones, alkaloids, saponins, and phenolic acids which makes them a potential candidate for anticancer, antibiotic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antidiabetic properties, etc. Endophytes continue to be the peculiar source of various potential drugs. This review intends to shed light on the function and potential applications of endophytes as a forthcoming source of medications for a range of illnesses/diseases as well as other potential medical uses.","PeriodicalId":36960,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Pakistan Academy of Sciences: Part B","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49188028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohammed Sadeg A. Al-Awar, Amani Hamood A. Serag, M. Odhah, Nabil Albaser
This study was purposed to explore the synergistic amelioration effect and optimal feeding time of sesame oil and squalene on hyperlipemia-induced sexual dysfunction rats. We established the hyperlipidemia-induced reproductive damage model, the three groups of test substances (sesame oil, a mixture of sesame oil and squalene, and sildenafil) were orally administrated to those hyperlipidemic rats on day 30 and day 60. The results showed that compared with the pure sesame oil, the mixture of sesame oil and squalene can synergistically decrease concentration levels of TG, TC, and LDL-C, significantly increasing the serum testosterone level and sperm count of the epididymal tail, which the 30 days’ effect was better than the day 60. Compared with the model control (MC) group, the Organ Coefficient of penile increased significantly in the sesame oil (SO), sesame oil+ Squalene (SOS), and Sildenafil (SN) group, and no pathological changes were found in the penile and testis in above three groups at the day 30 and the day 60. In conclusion, the present results demonstrated that sesame oil and squalene have a synergistic amelioration effect on lowering blood lipid and promoting the recovery of erectile and sexual function on hyperlipemia-induced reproductive damage rats at day 30. However, further studies should be carried out to deeply elucidate the molecular mechanisms of Sesame oil and squalene in lowering blood lipids and improving sexual function in vivo.
{"title":"Synergistic Effect of Yemeni Sesame Oil and Squalene on Hyperlipidemia-induced Reproductive Damage in Male Rats","authors":"Mohammed Sadeg A. Al-Awar, Amani Hamood A. Serag, M. Odhah, Nabil Albaser","doi":"10.53560/ppasb(59-4)752","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53560/ppasb(59-4)752","url":null,"abstract":"This study was purposed to explore the synergistic amelioration effect and optimal feeding time of sesame oil and squalene on hyperlipemia-induced sexual dysfunction rats. We established the hyperlipidemia-induced reproductive damage model, the three groups of test substances (sesame oil, a mixture of sesame oil and squalene, and sildenafil) were orally administrated to those hyperlipidemic rats on day 30 and day 60. The results showed that compared with the pure sesame oil, the mixture of sesame oil and squalene can synergistically decrease concentration levels of TG, TC, and LDL-C, significantly increasing the serum testosterone level and sperm count of the epididymal tail, which the 30 days’ effect was better than the day 60. Compared with the model control (MC) group, the Organ Coefficient of penile increased significantly in the sesame oil (SO), sesame oil+ Squalene (SOS), and Sildenafil (SN) group, and no pathological changes were found in the penile and testis in above three groups at the day 30 and the day 60. In conclusion, the present results demonstrated that sesame oil and squalene have a synergistic amelioration effect on lowering blood lipid and promoting the recovery of erectile and sexual function on hyperlipemia-induced reproductive damage rats at day 30. However, further studies should be carried out to deeply elucidate the molecular mechanisms of Sesame oil and squalene in lowering blood lipids and improving sexual function in vivo.","PeriodicalId":36960,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Pakistan Academy of Sciences: Part B","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47856646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lyudmila I. Zayinitdinova, Rokhila N. Juraeva, Ikolay A. Lazutin, Aziza M. Mavjudova, N. Bekmukhamedova, R. B. Ergashev
A microbiological examination of the soils, polluted with different types of urban wastewater (Tashkent city), aiming determination of the microbial diversity and characterization of the bacterial community was carried out. The examination was conducted with use of classical microbiological methods with cultivation of samples on elective nutrient media. The soil sampling was carried out during winter season and period of plants’ vegetation. As result of examination the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the bacterial community were determined and the microbial diversity was established. The predominant microorganisms of this community, capable to active functioning at chloride concentrations of the environment for up to 10 % and possessing high remediation potential towards biological and chemical pollutants, have been isolated. Rare strains belonging to the genus Amycolatopsis, which, in contrast to typical representatives of this genus, have the ability to form a water-soluble blue pigment, have been isolated. It was established that typical representatives of microbial biota, such as heterotrophic microorganisms Bacillus, Pseudomonas and actinomycetes, possess significant remediation potential towards biological and chemical pollution. It was determined that pollution of the soil caused by anthropogenic factors at the end of the day leads to decrease in species diversity and changes in composition of the soil microbiocenosis. The results obtained convincingly testify perspectives of biomonitoring and possible use of microorganisms in the processes of soil rehabilitation. The introduction of pollutant-resistant microorganisms, which are capable to degrade them, may become a practical approach for soil cleansing in the future.
{"title":"Microbiocenosis of Anthropogenically Transformed Soils","authors":"Lyudmila I. Zayinitdinova, Rokhila N. Juraeva, Ikolay A. Lazutin, Aziza M. Mavjudova, N. Bekmukhamedova, R. B. Ergashev","doi":"10.53560/ppasb(59-4)722","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53560/ppasb(59-4)722","url":null,"abstract":"A microbiological examination of the soils, polluted with different types of urban wastewater (Tashkent city), aiming determination of the microbial diversity and characterization of the bacterial community was carried out. The examination was conducted with use of classical microbiological methods with cultivation of samples on elective nutrient media. The soil sampling was carried out during winter season and period of plants’ vegetation. As result of examination the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the bacterial community were determined and the microbial diversity was established. The predominant microorganisms of this community, capable to active functioning at chloride concentrations of the environment for up to 10 % and possessing high remediation potential towards biological and chemical pollutants, have been isolated. Rare strains belonging to the genus Amycolatopsis, which, in contrast to typical representatives of this genus, have the ability to form a water-soluble blue pigment, have been isolated. It was established that typical representatives of microbial biota, such as heterotrophic microorganisms Bacillus, Pseudomonas and actinomycetes, possess significant remediation potential towards biological and chemical pollution. It was determined that pollution of the soil caused by anthropogenic factors at the end of the day leads to decrease in species diversity and changes in composition of the soil microbiocenosis. The results obtained convincingly testify perspectives of biomonitoring and possible use of microorganisms in the processes of soil rehabilitation. The introduction of pollutant-resistant microorganisms, which are capable to degrade them, may become a practical approach for soil cleansing in the future.","PeriodicalId":36960,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Pakistan Academy of Sciences: Part B","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42952569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. A. Butt, Yasmin Nergis, A. Hussain, M. Sharif, A. Das
Pakistan has experienced a protracted electricity shortage for the past few years. However, despite Pakistan’s abundant coal deposits, modern coal combustion technology is still required to reduce emissions. Pakistan is struggling to utilize its energy resources and currently experiencing an electrical shortage of more than 8000 MW. The research study models the combustion performance in a fluidized bed riser using ANSYS FLUENT software to understand the combustion behavior of low-rank Thar coal. A simple circulating fluidized bed (CFB) combustion riser was modeled for computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to study the hydrodynamics of gas-solid flow in a circulating fluidized bed riser to reduce emissions and operating costs. Three different types of risers/combustors geometries were used center flow, counter flow, and parallel flow. The CFD model for the solids segment with a k-e turbulence model and the viscosity of static particles in the gas segment both showed excellent mixing performance. According to the FLUENT data, the riser/combustor maximum temperature is around 1400 K or 1130 o C at the primary burning sector in the bed center. According to velocity contours, the greatest velocity in the center-oriented riser/combustor peaks at 3.3 m/s. The CO and CO2 both mass fraction counters show maximum concentration in the center geometry, whereas lower CO concentration is found in parallel geometry. The lowest level of NOx is established in the parallel geometry at around 15 ppm, whereas the counter contours establish the maximum level of NOx at about 31 ppm. Circulating Fluidized Bed Combustor is found to be the most advantageous and effective technology for producing power from Thar lignite coal and reducing emissions.
{"title":"Emissions Reduction by Combustion Modeling in the Riser of Fluidized Bed Combustor for Thar Coal Pakistan","authors":"J. A. Butt, Yasmin Nergis, A. Hussain, M. Sharif, A. Das","doi":"10.53560/ppasb(59-4)754","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53560/ppasb(59-4)754","url":null,"abstract":"Pakistan has experienced a protracted electricity shortage for the past few years. However, despite Pakistan’s abundant coal deposits, modern coal combustion technology is still required to reduce emissions. Pakistan is struggling to utilize its energy resources and currently experiencing an electrical shortage of more than 8000 MW. The research study models the combustion performance in a fluidized bed riser using ANSYS FLUENT software to understand the combustion behavior of low-rank Thar coal. A simple circulating fluidized bed (CFB) combustion riser was modeled for computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to study the hydrodynamics of gas-solid flow in a circulating fluidized bed riser to reduce emissions and operating costs. Three different types of risers/combustors geometries were used center flow, counter flow, and parallel flow. The CFD model for the solids segment with a k-e turbulence model and the viscosity of static particles in the gas segment both showed excellent mixing performance. According to the FLUENT data, the riser/combustor maximum temperature is around 1400 K or 1130 o C at the primary burning sector in the bed center. According to velocity contours, the greatest velocity in the center-oriented riser/combustor peaks at 3.3 m/s. The CO and CO2 both mass fraction counters show maximum concentration in the center geometry, whereas lower CO concentration is found in parallel geometry. The lowest level of NOx is established in the parallel geometry at around 15 ppm, whereas the counter contours establish the maximum level of NOx at about 31 ppm. Circulating Fluidized Bed Combustor is found to be the most advantageous and effective technology for producing power from Thar lignite coal and reducing emissions.","PeriodicalId":36960,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Pakistan Academy of Sciences: Part B","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47036500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. T. Rasheed, I. Bodlah, Muhammad Qurban, Muhammad Bilal Khalil, Muhammad Usama Khalil, J. A. Siddiqui, Ammara Gull, E. Fareen, M. Bodlah
Urentius hystricellus is well known phytophagous and invasive true bug of family Tingidae. From Pakistan, this family is poorly studied despite having significant economic importance. Present species was identified with the help of most relevant and published literature. Specimens were mounted on triangular cards for morphological studies. New distributional data of U. hystricellus is included. Brief diagnosis, host plant and remarks on biology and current distribution in Pakistan are added. Line drawing of adult and fore wing along with digital photographs are also given.
{"title":"New Distributional Record of Urentius hystricellus (Richter, 1870) (Hemiptera: Tingidae) from Southernmost Region of Punjab, Pakistan","authors":"M. T. Rasheed, I. Bodlah, Muhammad Qurban, Muhammad Bilal Khalil, Muhammad Usama Khalil, J. A. Siddiqui, Ammara Gull, E. Fareen, M. Bodlah","doi":"10.53560/ppasb(59-4)759","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53560/ppasb(59-4)759","url":null,"abstract":"Urentius hystricellus is well known phytophagous and invasive true bug of family Tingidae. From Pakistan, this family is poorly studied despite having significant economic importance. Present species was identified with the help of most relevant and published literature. Specimens were mounted on triangular cards for morphological studies. New distributional data of U. hystricellus is included. Brief diagnosis, host plant and remarks on biology and current distribution in Pakistan are added. Line drawing of adult and fore wing along with digital photographs are also given.","PeriodicalId":36960,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Pakistan Academy of Sciences: Part B","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48801572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
: Phenolic compounds are toxic to plants, animals and even for microorganisms at low concentrations. Because of this toxicity, it is important that soils polluted with these compounds to be remediated immediately. Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Pseudomonas putida, as well as their both intra- and extradiol enzymes, were the targets of this study, which aimed to detect the enzymes responsible for phenol degradation capability in bacteria and the genetic variation of the catabolic genes related to the phe operon among the positive isolates. In this study one hundred twenty five samples of contaminated soils have been collected from different sources at Baghdad city (89 samples from Daura refinery, 21 samples from private electricity generators and 15 samples from different farm lands). Collected samples have cultured on mineral salt medium as well as using differential and selective media, then diagnosed by classical biochemical tests and VITEK system beside using Housekeeping gene 16s rDNA for molecular diagnosis. The results of VITEK system revealed that 29 /89 (32.5 %) of samples from Daura refinery had P. aeroginosa isolates and only one sample 1/89 (1.1 %) of P. putida. On the other hand, none of the samples from generators (0 %) were P. aeroginosa and 5/21(23.8 %) were P. putida while 5/15 (33.3 %) samples of farm lands were P. aeroginosa and (0 %) were P. putida. Molecular diagnosis using 16S rDNA detected 40/125 (32 %) positive isolates for Pseudomonas sp.; 34 (85 %) isolates for P. aeruginosa and 6 (15 %) isolates for P. putida. Phenol degradation capability of the forty isolates has been tested on mineral salt medium using different concentrations of phenol (100 ppm to 1500 ppm) and all of them (100 %) were able to degrade phenol to 600 ppm but a number of 4 isolates (10 %) have exceeded this concentration to 1200 ppm and only one isolate (2.5 %) tolerated phenol to the maximum level which is 1500 ppm. Phenol degrading isolates were subjected to PCR technique to detect the phe-like genes: catechol 1, 2 dioxygenase (cat1), and catechol 2, 3 dioxygenase (cat2). As a result, this set of enzymes were found in the whole five (12.5 %) isolates that effectively degraded phenol to the concentration of 1200 ppm and 1500 ppm.
{"title":"Molecular Analysis of phe Operon Genes determining Phenol-Degrading Pseudomonas sp. from Polluted Sites in Baghdad City","authors":"Huda Rasheed Tawfeeq, S. S. Al-jubori, A. Mussa","doi":"10.53560/ppasb(59-4)742","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53560/ppasb(59-4)742","url":null,"abstract":": Phenolic compounds are toxic to plants, animals and even for microorganisms at low concentrations. Because of this toxicity, it is important that soils polluted with these compounds to be remediated immediately. Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Pseudomonas putida, as well as their both intra- and extradiol enzymes, were the targets of this study, which aimed to detect the enzymes responsible for phenol degradation capability in bacteria and the genetic variation of the catabolic genes related to the phe operon among the positive isolates. In this study one hundred twenty five samples of contaminated soils have been collected from different sources at Baghdad city (89 samples from Daura refinery, 21 samples from private electricity generators and 15 samples from different farm lands). Collected samples have cultured on mineral salt medium as well as using differential and selective media, then diagnosed by classical biochemical tests and VITEK system beside using Housekeeping gene 16s rDNA for molecular diagnosis. The results of VITEK system revealed that 29 /89 (32.5 %) of samples from Daura refinery had P. aeroginosa isolates and only one sample 1/89 (1.1 %) of P. putida. On the other hand, none of the samples from generators (0 %) were P. aeroginosa and 5/21(23.8 %) were P. putida while 5/15 (33.3 %) samples of farm lands were P. aeroginosa and (0 %) were P. putida. Molecular diagnosis using 16S rDNA detected 40/125 (32 %) positive isolates for Pseudomonas sp.; 34 (85 %) isolates for P. aeruginosa and 6 (15 %) isolates for P. putida. Phenol degradation capability of the forty isolates has been tested on mineral salt medium using different concentrations of phenol (100 ppm to 1500 ppm) and all of them (100 %) were able to degrade phenol to 600 ppm but a number of 4 isolates (10 %) have exceeded this concentration to 1200 ppm and only one isolate (2.5 %) tolerated phenol to the maximum level which is 1500 ppm. Phenol degrading isolates were subjected to PCR technique to detect the phe-like genes: catechol 1, 2 dioxygenase (cat1), and catechol 2, 3 dioxygenase (cat2). As a result, this set of enzymes were found in the whole five (12.5 %) isolates that effectively degraded phenol to the concentration of 1200 ppm and 1500 ppm.","PeriodicalId":36960,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Pakistan Academy of Sciences: Part B","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47947894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-20DOI: 10.53560/ppasb(59-4)722a
Maxim Viktorovich Larionov
Relevance of the topic: Soils are complex bio-inert systems. The biological component in them is a factor of resource value and stability of soil ecosystems. The authors have chosen interesting objects for research from the point of view of soil science, soil biology and oxicology. The study of microbiocenoses in soils is always relevant. Since it is a complex biological marker of geochemical processes and stability. In view of the significant variability of the pedosphere and directly soil biota, the study of representatives of the microbiota is an important area in soil science. And this is at any time. In addition, this study can be a scientific basis for soil bioremediation directly within the framework of environmental design in the territories of treatment facilities and other technospheric facilities.
{"title":"Analysis of the main provisions of the article LS-722 ‛‛Microbiocenosis of Anthropogenically Transformed Soils”","authors":"Maxim Viktorovich Larionov","doi":"10.53560/ppasb(59-4)722a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53560/ppasb(59-4)722a","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance of the topic: Soils are complex bio-inert systems. The biological component in them is a factor of resource value and stability of soil ecosystems. The authors have chosen interesting objects for research from the point of view of soil science, soil biology and oxicology. The study of microbiocenoses in soils is always relevant. Since it is a complex biological marker of geochemical processes and stability. In view of the significant variability of the pedosphere and directly soil biota, the study of representatives of the microbiota is an important area in soil science. And this is at any time. In addition, this study can be a scientific basis for soil bioremediation directly within the framework of environmental design in the territories of treatment facilities and other technospheric facilities.","PeriodicalId":36960,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Pakistan Academy of Sciences: Part B","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41872379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. M. Mehdi, A. Javed, Afraseyab Khan Hoti, Sabahat Naheed
Packed fruit juices are commonly consumed on daily basis around the globe which usually contains sodium benzoate as food preservative to enhance their shelf life and its amount may vary from defined food standards among brands. This mammalian model based research was designed to investigate the impact of locally packed fruit juices’ regular intake on consumers. For this purpose, albino mice (Mus musculus) were acclimatized in laboratory environment for ten days and then categorized in control and two experimental groups. The selected local brands were Murree brewery lemon malt and Shezan mango juice and their 0.1ml prepared dose was given to experimental groups I and II, respectively, whereas; control group was treated with equivalent amount of distilled water. The obtained histopathological results emphasized that regular intake of sodium benzoate having fruit juices may cause severe damage to hepatic and renal tissues, usually in the form of necrosis, vascular congestion sometimes dilation and other cellular alterations i.e., in glomeruli and bile duct. Moreover, it may result in onset of tumorogenesis. The conclusion of this study is local food authorities should ensure the addition of a defined amount of sodium benzoate as juice preservative in locally packed juices to provide healthy products to consumers.
{"title":"Hepatic and Renal Histopathological Effects of Local Fruit Juices containing Sodium Benzoate as Preservative","authors":"M. M. Mehdi, A. Javed, Afraseyab Khan Hoti, Sabahat Naheed","doi":"10.53560/ppasb(59-3)719","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53560/ppasb(59-3)719","url":null,"abstract":"Packed fruit juices are commonly consumed on daily basis around the globe which usually contains sodium benzoate as food preservative to enhance their shelf life and its amount may vary from defined food standards among brands. This mammalian model based research was designed to investigate the impact of locally packed fruit juices’ regular intake on consumers. For this purpose, albino mice (Mus musculus) were acclimatized in laboratory environment for ten days and then categorized in control and two experimental groups. The selected local brands were Murree brewery lemon malt and Shezan mango juice and their 0.1ml prepared dose was given to experimental groups I and II, respectively, whereas; control group was treated with equivalent amount of distilled water. The obtained histopathological results emphasized that regular intake of sodium benzoate having fruit juices may cause severe damage to hepatic and renal tissues, usually in the form of necrosis, vascular congestion sometimes dilation and other cellular alterations i.e., in glomeruli and bile duct. Moreover, it may result in onset of tumorogenesis. The conclusion of this study is local food authorities should ensure the addition of a defined amount of sodium benzoate as juice preservative in locally packed juices to provide healthy products to consumers. ","PeriodicalId":36960,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Pakistan Academy of Sciences: Part B","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48825685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rizwan Azim, Shahid Iqbal Awan, Muhammad Ilyas, Arifa Khan
Berberis is one of the most important medicinal plant and it has a great medicinal value. Berberis has such pronounced medicinal values that it is used to cure many diseases and has exhibited great therapeutic effects among the local communities throughout the world. Diversity of Berberis is uncertain to great extent in Poonch division of Azad Jammu and Kashmir. Berberis specimens were collected from four districts comprising fifteen tehsils of Poonch division of Azad Kashmir. About 40 prominent locations were visited during flowering and fruiting stages during 2016-17. A total of seven species and a sub species were identified on the basis of morphological studies. Studies showed that identified Berberis species were present in all the four districts. Shanon and Simpson indices were used for calculating diversity of Berberis species in the study area along with calculating species evenness and equitability. Diversity indices indicated that there was moderate diversity of Berberis species within different districts and different tehsils. Simpson diversity index indicated that there is an 87 % chance that two individuals selected randomly from the study area would be different. Species evenness indicated that each specie identified from each tehsil had maximum chance of occurrence and each identified species is present in every tehsil. Species equability also indicated similar kinds of results which indicated that different species were evenly distributed in each tehsil. It was concluded that there is moderate diversity of Berberis species in Poonch division of Azad Jammu and kashmir. All the identified species were present in all the districts. The present study will advance our knowledge regarding identification and distribution of Berberis species in Poonch division.
{"title":"Surveillance of Berberis Species across Poonch Division of Azad Jammu and Kashmir","authors":"Rizwan Azim, Shahid Iqbal Awan, Muhammad Ilyas, Arifa Khan","doi":"10.53560/ppasb(59-4)740","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53560/ppasb(59-4)740","url":null,"abstract":"Berberis is one of the most important medicinal plant and it has a great medicinal value. Berberis has such pronounced medicinal values that it is used to cure many diseases and has exhibited great therapeutic effects among the local communities throughout the world. Diversity of Berberis is uncertain to great extent in Poonch division of Azad Jammu and Kashmir. Berberis specimens were collected from four districts comprising fifteen tehsils of Poonch division of Azad Kashmir. About 40 prominent locations were visited during flowering and fruiting stages during 2016-17. A total of seven species and a sub species were identified on the basis of morphological studies. Studies showed that identified Berberis species were present in all the four districts. Shanon and Simpson indices were used for calculating diversity of Berberis species in the study area along with calculating species evenness and equitability. Diversity indices indicated that there was moderate diversity of Berberis species within different districts and different tehsils. Simpson diversity index indicated that there is an 87 % chance that two individuals selected randomly from the study area would be different. Species evenness indicated that each specie identified from each tehsil had maximum chance of occurrence and each identified species is present in every tehsil. Species equability also indicated similar kinds of results which indicated that different species were evenly distributed in each tehsil. It was concluded that there is moderate diversity of Berberis species in Poonch division of Azad Jammu and kashmir. All the identified species were present in all the districts. The present study will advance our knowledge regarding identification and distribution of Berberis species in Poonch division.","PeriodicalId":36960,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Pakistan Academy of Sciences: Part B","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47497951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ariz Muhammad Pirzado, Bhai Khan Solangi, Din Muhammad Soomro, Agha Mushtaque Ahmed, Khadim Hussain Wagan, Faiza Abbasi, Jawad Hyder Soomro, Shafee Muhammad, Abdul Rahman Tunio, Nimra Razzaq
Fruit flies (Bactrocera spp.) are regarded as serious insect pests of fruits and vegetables in the world. The goal of this study was to examine the effect of spinosad traps on Bactrocera spp. at different heights 0, 1, 2, and 3 m on jujube tree during 2020-2021. Flies’ populations were counted weekly. The results revealed that the highest population of B. zonata (225.6 flies) were recorded at 2 m height on (22 October, 2020) and the lowest ones (21.6 flies) were recorded at the ground level (0 m height) during (4 February, 2021). However, the overall maximum catches were 158.95 at 2 m height and minimum was 68.72 at the ground level. Similarly, the maximum population of B. dorsalis was (50.5 flies) at 2 m height during (9 October, 2020), but the minimum (2.5 flies) was in the ground level during (4 February, 2021). The overall highest B. dorsalis catches were (43.50 flies) at 2 m height and the lowest was (3.55 flies) at ground level. The population of B. zonata correlated positively (r= 0.2939**) with temperature, but negatively (r= -0.0223NS) with relative humidity. However, B. dorsalis populations was positive correlated with both of the temperature and relative humidity (r= 0.0261** and r= 0.0091NS, respectively). Ultimately, pheromone traps (Spinosad+Methyl eugenol) at 2 m height are highly recommended to catches both fruit flies (B. zonata and B. dorsalis) in Jujube Orchards.
{"title":"Monitoring of the Fruit Flies (Bactrocera spp.) Infesting Jujube Orchard using Static Spinosad Traps","authors":"Ariz Muhammad Pirzado, Bhai Khan Solangi, Din Muhammad Soomro, Agha Mushtaque Ahmed, Khadim Hussain Wagan, Faiza Abbasi, Jawad Hyder Soomro, Shafee Muhammad, Abdul Rahman Tunio, Nimra Razzaq","doi":"10.53560/ppasb(59-4)736","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53560/ppasb(59-4)736","url":null,"abstract":"Fruit flies (Bactrocera spp.) are regarded as serious insect pests of fruits and vegetables in the world. The goal of this study was to examine the effect of spinosad traps on Bactrocera spp. at different heights 0, 1, 2, and 3 m on jujube tree during 2020-2021. Flies’ populations were counted weekly. The results revealed that the highest population of B. zonata (225.6 flies) were recorded at 2 m height on (22 October, 2020) and the lowest ones (21.6 flies) were recorded at the ground level (0 m height) during (4 February, 2021). However, the overall maximum catches were 158.95 at 2 m height and minimum was 68.72 at the ground level. Similarly, the maximum population of B. dorsalis was (50.5 flies) at 2 m height during (9 October, 2020), but the minimum (2.5 flies) was in the ground level during (4 February, 2021). The overall highest B. dorsalis catches were (43.50 flies) at 2 m height and the lowest was (3.55 flies) at ground level. The population of B. zonata correlated positively (r= 0.2939**) with temperature, but negatively (r= -0.0223NS) with relative humidity. However, B. dorsalis populations was positive correlated with both of the temperature and relative humidity (r= 0.0261** and r= 0.0091NS, respectively). Ultimately, pheromone traps (Spinosad+Methyl eugenol) at 2 m height are highly recommended to catches both fruit flies (B. zonata and B. dorsalis) in Jujube Orchards.","PeriodicalId":36960,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Pakistan Academy of Sciences: Part B","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44181607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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