Pub Date : 2023-09-27DOI: 10.53560/ppasb(60-3)proceedings
None Huma Gul, None Naveera Khan, None Muntasa Usman, None Sidra Rahman, None Irum Iqrar, None Zabta Khan Shinwari, None Muhammad Ali
Three days workshop entitled “Ensuring Biosafety: Empowering Trainers in Risk Management and Biosecurity,” (August 12-14, 2023) was organized at Bara Gali Campus, University of Peshawar. The workshop consisted of practical lessons on biosafety in the lab and during fieldwork, risk assessment techniques, biosecurity practices, experiment design, and execution. In addition, risk management, policy-making, and the rising concerns of antibiotic resistance were also discussed by keynote speakers and trainers. The course included theoretical lectures and hands-on exercises, allowing attendees to put their newfound knowledge to use in realistic situations. A field excursion also highlighted several plant types and aspects related to handling possibly toxic plants. In summary, the event stresses the importance of having a thorough familiarity with biosafety and risk management while practicing laboratory procedures.
{"title":"Proceedings of the ANSO-PAS-QAU Workshop 2023 on “Ensuring Biosafety: Empowering Trainers in Risk Management and Biosecurity”","authors":"None Huma Gul, None Naveera Khan, None Muntasa Usman, None Sidra Rahman, None Irum Iqrar, None Zabta Khan Shinwari, None Muhammad Ali","doi":"10.53560/ppasb(60-3)proceedings","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53560/ppasb(60-3)proceedings","url":null,"abstract":"Three days workshop entitled “Ensuring Biosafety: Empowering Trainers in Risk Management and Biosecurity,” (August 12-14, 2023) was organized at Bara Gali Campus, University of Peshawar. The workshop consisted of practical lessons on biosafety in the lab and during fieldwork, risk assessment techniques, biosecurity practices, experiment design, and execution. In addition, risk management, policy-making, and the rising concerns of antibiotic resistance were also discussed by keynote speakers and trainers. The course included theoretical lectures and hands-on exercises, allowing attendees to put their newfound knowledge to use in realistic situations. A field excursion also highlighted several plant types and aspects related to handling possibly toxic plants. In summary, the event stresses the importance of having a thorough familiarity with biosafety and risk management while practicing laboratory procedures.","PeriodicalId":36960,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Pakistan Academy of Sciences: Part B","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135638427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
None Sana Ibadat, None Hafiza Tauseef Ashfaq, None Ruqia, None Muhammad Adeel Asghar, None Ali Haider, None Saqib Ali
Prussian blue analogues (PBAs) have unique structural and chemical behaviour and therefore have applications in various fields of catalysis as energy conversion materials for storage devices and molecular sensing. Herein we focused on the in-situ synthesis of three PBAs comprising cobalt hexacyanoferrate (CoHCF), nicke
普鲁士蓝类似物(PBAs)具有独特的结构和化学行为，因此作为存储装置和分子传感的能量转换材料在催化的各个领域都有应用。本文主要研究了原位合成六氰高铁酸钴(CoHCF)、六氰高铁酸镍(NiHCF)和六氰高铁酸钴镍(CoNiHCF)三种多环芳烃的方法，即十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)辅助滴铸法。通过多种光谱技术对电催化剂进行了表征，并进行了水氧化研究。结果表明，在三种电催化剂中，CoNiHCF表现出较好的催化性能，过电位值为570 mV (1 mA cm-2)。
{"title":"Surfactant-Promoted Prussian Blue Analogues Fabricated Electrodes for Electrocatalytic Water Oxidation","authors":"None Sana Ibadat, None Hafiza Tauseef Ashfaq, None Ruqia, None Muhammad Adeel Asghar, None Ali Haider, None Saqib Ali","doi":"10.53560/ppasb(60-3)834","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53560/ppasb(60-3)834","url":null,"abstract":"Prussian blue analogues (PBAs) have unique structural and chemical behaviour and therefore have applications in various fields of catalysis as energy conversion materials for storage devices and molecular sensing. Herein we focused on the in-situ synthesis of three PBAs comprising cobalt hexacyanoferrate (CoHCF), nicke<l hexacyanoferrate (NiHCF), and cobalt-nickel hexacyanoferrate (CoNiHCF) through cation i.e. cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) assisted drop cast method. The electrocatalysts were characterized through a multitude of spectroscopic techniques and were tested for water oxidation study. It was found that among the three electrocatalysts, CoNiHCF showed comparatively better catalytic performance with an overpotential value of 570 mV (at 1 mA cm-2).","PeriodicalId":36960,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Pakistan Academy of Sciences: Part B","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135535633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Iram Asim, Muhammad Ikrama Tanveer, Humaira Yasmeen
In medical systems, medicinal plants have always held an important place. Plant phytochemicals with known biological activity, such as antiviral, antibacterial, and anticancer properties, are crucial in treatment. It has demonstrated little to no negative effects in recent years and is regarded as safe to use. The use of medicinal plants is essential for preventing illnesses, especially cancer, which is the second leading cause of death worldwide. It was discovered that scientists had been effective in finding anti-cancer compounds up to this point such as eugenol, allicin, catechins, curcumin ursolic acid, anethol, lycopene, resveratrol, 6-gingerol from ginger, tomato, garlic, turmeric, blueberries, milk thistle, cranberries, walnuts which can assist in blocking or activating cancer cell activation signalling pathways cycloxigenase, matrix metalloproteinases MMP, COX-2, topoisomerase enzyme, Bax, Bak proteins and accelerating enzymes (antioxidant potential) that protect the body. Cancer is now treated with a few plant-based products and their phytoconstituents. Even though the management and control of cancer progression have advanced significantly, there are still many gaps and untapped prospects. As a result, this review article emphasizes the value of medicinal plants in maintaining human health as well as lists the phytochemicals from medicinal plants that can be used to cure cancer.
{"title":"Significant Role of Medicinal Botanicals Hostile to Cancer","authors":"Iram Asim, Muhammad Ikrama Tanveer, Humaira Yasmeen","doi":"10.53560/ppasb(60-3)847","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53560/ppasb(60-3)847","url":null,"abstract":"In medical systems, medicinal plants have always held an important place. Plant phytochemicals with known biological activity, such as antiviral, antibacterial, and anticancer properties, are crucial in treatment. It has demonstrated little to no negative effects in recent years and is regarded as safe to use. The use of medicinal plants is essential for preventing illnesses, especially cancer, which is the second leading cause of death worldwide. It was discovered that scientists had been effective in finding anti-cancer compounds up to this point such as eugenol, allicin, catechins, curcumin ursolic acid, anethol, lycopene, resveratrol, 6-gingerol from ginger, tomato, garlic, turmeric, blueberries, milk thistle, cranberries, walnuts which can assist in blocking or activating cancer cell activation signalling pathways cycloxigenase, matrix metalloproteinases MMP, COX-2, topoisomerase enzyme, Bax, Bak proteins and accelerating enzymes (antioxidant potential) that protect the body. Cancer is now treated with a few plant-based products and their phytoconstituents. Even though the management and control of cancer progression have advanced significantly, there are still many gaps and untapped prospects. As a result, this review article emphasizes the value of medicinal plants in maintaining human health as well as lists the phytochemicals from medicinal plants that can be used to cure cancer.","PeriodicalId":36960,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Pakistan Academy of Sciences: Part B","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48573560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Praptiningsih Gamawati Adinurani, Sri Rahayu, Ratna Mustika Wardhani, Roy Hendroko Setyobudi, Nguyen Ngoc Huu
The application of Plant Growth Regulators (PGRs) and certain types of fertilizers can enhance plant growth, production as well as sugar content of muskmelon. Aiming to determine the role of PGRs in stimulating growth and to ascertain the ability of both organic fertilizers and biofertilizers to raise the level of sweetness in muskmelons, this study put a split-plot design into work – the main plots were assigned to fertilizers (P0 = no organic fertilizer, P1 = liquid organic fertilizer, P2 = organic biofertilizer) while sub-plots to PGRs (Z0 = no PGRs (water), Z1 = coconut water, Z2 = GA3). The result concluded that biofertilizer (P2) increased the fruit weight by 11.76 % at an average of 2.66 kg. It also boosted the sugar content by 29.53 %, much higher than organic fertilizer at 15.46 %. As for PGRs, GA3 (Z2) was proven to enhance the sweetness in muskmelon by 23.62 %, higher than coconut water at 16.63 %. The net pattern on the rind of the P2 treatment was smooth, while the ones of P1 were rough. The very fragrant aroma was obtainable by applying biofertilizer (P2) and coconut water as PGRs (Z1).
{"title":"Role of Plant Growth Regulator and Organic Fertilizer in Growth Stimulation and Quality Enhancement of Muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.)","authors":"Praptiningsih Gamawati Adinurani, Sri Rahayu, Ratna Mustika Wardhani, Roy Hendroko Setyobudi, Nguyen Ngoc Huu","doi":"10.53560/ppasb(60-3)927","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53560/ppasb(60-3)927","url":null,"abstract":"The application of Plant Growth Regulators (PGRs) and certain types of fertilizers can enhance plant growth, production as well as sugar content of muskmelon. Aiming to determine the role of PGRs in stimulating growth and to ascertain the ability of both organic fertilizers and biofertilizers to raise the level of sweetness in muskmelons, this study put a split-plot design into work – the main plots were assigned to fertilizers (P0 = no organic fertilizer, P1 = liquid organic fertilizer, P2 = organic biofertilizer) while sub-plots to PGRs (Z0 = no PGRs (water), Z1 = coconut water, Z2 = GA3). The result concluded that biofertilizer (P2) increased the fruit weight by 11.76 % at an average of 2.66 kg. It also boosted the sugar content by 29.53 %, much higher than organic fertilizer at 15.46 %. As for PGRs, GA3 (Z2) was proven to enhance the sweetness in muskmelon by 23.62 %, higher than coconut water at 16.63 %. The net pattern on the rind of the P2 treatment was smooth, while the ones of P1 were rough. The very fragrant aroma was obtainable by applying biofertilizer (P2) and coconut water as PGRs (Z1). \u0000 \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":36960,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Pakistan Academy of Sciences: Part B","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44972613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mycoremediation is emerging as a potential approach for eco-friendly, cost-effective, and the most natural attenuation due to the biodegradation of polluted effluents from oil effluents which affect human health and the ecosystem. This work dealt with the analyses of the biodegradation capability of some potential indigenous fungal isolates viz., Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, and Rhizopus stolonifer, against oil effluents collected from a local ghee industry in Pakistan. Percentage reduction potential in different parameters i.e., pH, Electrical Conductivity (EC), Total Suspended Solids (TSS), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), confirmed that these fungi had the potential to degrade oily effluents. Aspergillus niger showed the highest reduction potential, while A. flavus and R. stolonifer had the least reduction potential to treat oil pollution. This indicates the potential of these identified fungi as biosorbents for removing high oil contents from industrial and wastewater discharge.
{"title":"Filamentous Fungi for Bioremediation of Oily Effluents of a Local Ghee Industry in Pakistan: An Environmental Perception","authors":"Hajra Khalil, Samina Sarwar, Sobia Ilyas, Muhammad Hanif, Amina Abrar, Mobina Ulfat","doi":"10.53560/ppasb(60-3)795","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53560/ppasb(60-3)795","url":null,"abstract":"Mycoremediation is emerging as a potential approach for eco-friendly, cost-effective, and the most natural attenuation due to the biodegradation of polluted effluents from oil effluents which affect human health and the ecosystem. This work dealt with the analyses of the biodegradation capability of some potential indigenous fungal isolates viz., Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, and Rhizopus stolonifer, against oil effluents collected from a local ghee industry in Pakistan. Percentage reduction potential in different parameters i.e., pH, Electrical Conductivity (EC), Total Suspended Solids (TSS), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), confirmed that these fungi had the potential to degrade oily effluents. Aspergillus niger showed the highest reduction potential, while A. flavus and R. stolonifer had the least reduction potential to treat oil pollution. This indicates the potential of these identified fungi as biosorbents for removing high oil contents from industrial and wastewater discharge.","PeriodicalId":36960,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Pakistan Academy of Sciences: Part B","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44888924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Smart cities are objectively developed for a sustainable and better life quality for their inhabitants. The present study is focused on the determination of downward shortwave radiation potential-based sites to develop smart cities based on the suitability and useable aspect of these radiations as a sustainable energy source. The downward shortwave radiation is estimated through MTCLIM-XL extrapolation with further spatial-based potential through spatial analysis of Geographic Information System (GIS) as a Geoinformatics application an applicable tool of Geoinformatics majorly helps in integration and processing of related geo-data and related critical factors for final visualization towards smart and applicable decision making. Hence, these properties make Geoinformatics a viable approach in the applications of sustainable energy estimation for the development of smart and sustainable cities. Prospectively, Geoinformatics with the integration of related critical parameters can be a reliable approach for application in the determination of suitable locations for harvesting the radiation potential as a sustainable energy source.
{"title":"Geoinformatics and Extrapolation-based Applications for Estimation of Shortwave Radiation Potential as a Sustainable Energy Source: Emphasis on Smart Cities","authors":"T. Sardar, A. Raziq, Abdur Rashid","doi":"10.53560/ppasb(60-3)859","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53560/ppasb(60-3)859","url":null,"abstract":"Smart cities are objectively developed for a sustainable and better life quality for their inhabitants. The present study is focused on the determination of downward shortwave radiation potential-based sites to develop smart cities based on the suitability and useable aspect of these radiations as a sustainable energy source. The downward shortwave radiation is estimated through MTCLIM-XL extrapolation with further spatial-based potential through spatial analysis of Geographic Information System (GIS) as a Geoinformatics application an applicable tool of Geoinformatics majorly helps in integration and processing of related geo-data and related critical factors for final visualization towards smart and applicable decision making. Hence, these properties make Geoinformatics a viable approach in the applications of sustainable energy estimation for the development of smart and sustainable cities. Prospectively, Geoinformatics with the integration of related critical parameters can be a reliable approach for application in the determination of suitable locations for harvesting the radiation potential as a sustainable energy source.","PeriodicalId":36960,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Pakistan Academy of Sciences: Part B","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46327730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Control of biosecurity and biosecurity within poultry consists of a set of practical measures meant to prevent and control the spread of disease between people and animals. Infections, caused mainly by zoonotic agents, occur frequently due to the lack of safety monitoring regulations, as well as the inappropriate use of antimicrobial products, leading to the emergence of antimicrobial-resistant microorganisms. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, often known as the MDR pathogen has evolved resistance to multiple antibiotics. Because of its propensity to build biofilms in meat and other food products, P. aeruginosa is even more resilient to the phenomenon of drug resistance which is a major public health issue. Standard microbiological and biochemical tests were used to isolate and identify P. aeruginosa from a total of 100 meat samples (20 from each district from broiler chicken meat) gathered from various butcher shops and supermarkets. The Kirby Bauer method was used to identify antibiotic resistance, while the microtiter plate test was used to monitor biofilm formation. It was found that P. aeruginosa was identified from 22% of the broiler chicken meat samples and showed resistance to Cloxacillin, teicoplanin, ciprofloxacin, imipenem, and meropenem, followed by linezolid, streptomycin, amikacin, compound sulphonamide, aztreonam and cefepime which showed intermediate resistance. Multiple Antibiotic Resistance Index (MARI) was calculated as 0.45 for a total of 11 antibiotics. Also, all 22 MDR isolates of P. aeruginosa tested positive for the presence of the biofilm. In conclusion, it was determined that chicken meat was contaminated with Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and these strains that produce biofilms are more resistant to antibiotics. Thus, there is a serious threat to public health from biofilm-forming isolates found in broiler chickens.
{"title":"Biorisk Management and Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern of Biofilm producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolated from Broiler Chicken: A Public Health Concern","authors":"Shahab Mehmood, Kashif Ali, A. Bashir, Neha Farid, Kiran Fatima, Sheeba Naz","doi":"10.53560/ppasb(60-3)866","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53560/ppasb(60-3)866","url":null,"abstract":"Control of biosecurity and biosecurity within poultry consists of a set of practical measures meant to prevent and control the spread of disease between people and animals. Infections, caused mainly by zoonotic agents, occur frequently due to the lack of safety monitoring regulations, as well as the inappropriate use of antimicrobial products, leading to the emergence of antimicrobial-resistant microorganisms. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, often known as the MDR pathogen has evolved resistance to multiple antibiotics. Because of its propensity to build biofilms in meat and other food products, P. aeruginosa is even more resilient to the phenomenon of drug resistance which is a major public health issue. Standard microbiological and biochemical tests were used to isolate and identify P. aeruginosa from a total of 100 meat samples (20 from each district from broiler chicken meat) gathered from various butcher shops and supermarkets. The Kirby Bauer method was used to identify antibiotic resistance, while the microtiter plate test was used to monitor biofilm formation. It was found that P. aeruginosa was identified from 22% of the broiler chicken meat samples and showed resistance to Cloxacillin, teicoplanin, ciprofloxacin, imipenem, and meropenem, followed by linezolid, streptomycin, amikacin, compound sulphonamide, aztreonam and cefepime which showed intermediate resistance. Multiple Antibiotic Resistance Index (MARI) was calculated as 0.45 for a total of 11 antibiotics. Also, all 22 MDR isolates of P. aeruginosa tested positive for the presence of the biofilm. In conclusion, it was determined that chicken meat was contaminated with Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and these strains that produce biofilms are more resistant to antibiotics. Thus, there is a serious threat to public health from biofilm-forming isolates found in broiler chickens.","PeriodicalId":36960,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Pakistan Academy of Sciences: Part B","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43760068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Maira Batool, Malaika Khan, Maria Mubarak, Adil Hussain, Muafia Shafiq, Shamma Firdous, Asma Saeed
Aloe vera L. (Lililaceae) bears various medicinal applications that likely date back more than a thousand years ago. The current review provides an overview of the folk traditional uses, phytochemistry, biological activities, and cosmaceutical applications of the A. vera plant to date. The data have been retrieved from different scientific databases, including PubMed-Medline, Researchgate, Google Scholar, Science Direct, Scopus, SciELO, Taylor & Francis, Web of Science, books, conference papers, Masters and Ph.D. dissertations. As per the collected data of this review, almost 40 active phytoconstituents in A. vera have been reported so far with varying concentrations. Ethnobotanical data displayed that A. vera is still used as traditional medicine among communities against more than 20 different health-related problems. The DPPH, FRAP, TAC, and ABTS assays were commonly employed where A. vera extracts showed varying antioxidant activities against reactive oxygen species (ROS). Data on the biological activities showed A. vera plant extracts with remarkable anti-inflammatory activities through the inhibition of TNF-α and prostaglandin E2 factors and also exerts anti-diabetic activity against type 1 and type 2 diabetes. As per the collected data of this review, A. vera extracts have been reported with anti-microbial activities against more than 12 bacterial and 7 fungal strains and also obstruct the uncontrollable proliferation of specific types of cancer cells like HCT-116, HepG2, HeLa, A549, and MCF-7. Conclusively, A. vera possesses wide-ranging applications in the treatment of various diseases. However, more controlled investigations and clinical trials with the elucidation of the mechanism of action activities are prerequisites in the future to substantiate the outcomes and efficacies of A. vera under different circumstances. Any toxic effects of A. vera if associated with specific extracts or compounds should be addressed for safer consumption of Aloe-based food and cosmetic products.
芦荟（百合科）具有多种药用用途，可能可以追溯到一千多年前。目前的综述提供了民间传统用途，植物化学，生物活性和美容应用的芦荟植物迄今为止的概述。这些数据来自不同的科学数据库，包括PubMed Medline、Researchgate、Google Scholar、Science Direct、Scopus、SciELO、Taylor&Francis、Web of Science、书籍、会议论文、硕士和博士学位论文。根据这篇综述收集的数据，到目前为止，已经报道了近40种不同浓度的芦荟中的活性植物成分。民族植物学数据显示，在社区中，A.vera仍然被用作传统药物，以解决20多种不同的健康相关问题。通常使用DPPH、FRAP、TAC和ABTS测定法，其中维拉提取物对活性氧（ROS）表现出不同的抗氧化活性。生物学活性数据显示，芦荟植物提取物通过抑制TNF-α和前列腺素E2因子具有显著的抗炎活性，并对1型和2型糖尿病具有抗糖尿病活性。根据本综述收集的数据，据报道，A.vera提取物对超过12种细菌和7种真菌菌株具有抗菌活性，还阻碍了特定类型癌症细胞如HCT-116、HepG2、HeLa、A549和MCF-7的不可控制的增殖。总之，芦荟在治疗各种疾病方面具有广泛的应用。然而，更多的对照研究和临床试验以及对作用机制的阐明是未来证实不同情况下A.vera的结果和疗效的先决条件。如果芦荟与特定提取物或化合物有关，则应解决芦荟的任何毒性作用，以便更安全地食用芦荟类食品和化妆品。
{"title":"A Wonder Plant Aloe vera L. (Liliaceae): An Overview of its Folk Traditional Uses, Phytoconstituents, Biological Activities, and Cosmaceutical Applications","authors":"Maira Batool, Malaika Khan, Maria Mubarak, Adil Hussain, Muafia Shafiq, Shamma Firdous, Asma Saeed","doi":"10.53560/ppasb(60-3)857","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53560/ppasb(60-3)857","url":null,"abstract":"Aloe vera L. (Lililaceae) bears various medicinal applications that likely date back more than a thousand years ago. The current review provides an overview of the folk traditional uses, phytochemistry, biological activities, and cosmaceutical applications of the A. vera plant to date. The data have been retrieved from different scientific databases, including PubMed-Medline, Researchgate, Google Scholar, Science Direct, Scopus, SciELO, Taylor & Francis, Web of Science, books, conference papers, Masters and Ph.D. dissertations. As per the collected data of this review, almost 40 active phytoconstituents in A. vera have been reported so far with varying concentrations. Ethnobotanical data displayed that A. vera is still used as traditional medicine among communities against more than 20 different health-related problems. The DPPH, FRAP, TAC, and ABTS assays were commonly employed where A. vera extracts showed varying antioxidant activities against reactive oxygen species (ROS). Data on the biological activities showed A. vera plant extracts with remarkable anti-inflammatory activities through the inhibition of TNF-α and prostaglandin E2 factors and also exerts anti-diabetic activity against type 1 and type 2 diabetes. As per the collected data of this review, A. vera extracts have been reported with anti-microbial activities against more than 12 bacterial and 7 fungal strains and also obstruct the uncontrollable proliferation of specific types of cancer cells like HCT-116, HepG2, HeLa, A549, and MCF-7. Conclusively, A. vera possesses wide-ranging applications in the treatment of various diseases. However, more controlled investigations and clinical trials with the elucidation of the mechanism of action activities are prerequisites in the future to substantiate the outcomes and efficacies of A. vera under different circumstances. Any toxic effects of A. vera if associated with specific extracts or compounds should be addressed for safer consumption of Aloe-based food and cosmetic products.","PeriodicalId":36960,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Pakistan Academy of Sciences: Part B","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49389623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Javed Ahmad, Aziz ur Rehman, Iqra Ghafoor, Nadeem Ahmad, Muhammad Sarwar, Muhammad Abdullah, Muhammad Hammad Tanveer, Majid Nadeem, Sadia Ajmal, Ahsan Javed, Mehvish Makhdoom, Muhammad Makky Javaid
Durum-21 (D-21) is a high-yielding, disease resistant with better-quality traits variety, developed by Wheat Research Institute Faisalabad. This variety is mainly developed for industrial purposes for pasta production. Worldwide, durum wheat is utilized for pasta production; but in Pakistan, due to a lack of research work and non-availability of quality seeds of durum wheat, bread wheat is being utilized for pasta production. D-21 is developed with the breeding code of D-21 having parentage of FKN/3/2*FR//KAD/GB/4/BB/CHA/5/AS-2002 with pedigree as PB20733-1a-2a-2a-0a-0a-19a-0a. The candidate line D-21 was developed by crossing a germplasm accession with approved bread wheat variety AS-02. The genotype was further evaluated over multiple locations in Punjab Pakistan for yield and yield-related attributes in the station, provincial, and national uniform durum yield trials executed by Wheat Research Institute (WRI), Faisalabad during 2015-20. The promising line out yielded the two commercial check varieties D-97 and Fsd-2008 by 1.42 % in the provincial yield trial and 4.2 % in the national yield trial. D-21 had desirably medium to tall plant height (96-100 cm) without anthocyanin pigment. It has erected to semi-erect growth habit at the seedling stage. Its color is green with medium waxiness on stem and yellowish-white at maturity. Its 1000-grain weight ranged from 38.9 to 39 g while the test weight remained from 69 to 78.5 g. The protein contents were 13.1 to 14.95 %; which is higher than the two checks (D-97 and Fsd-2008). Due to its better grain yield and promising nutritional and quality parameters, it was approved in the year 2021 for cultivation all over the country.
{"title":"Durum-21: A New High-Yielding and Good Quality Durum Wheat Variety Suitable for Pasta Production","authors":"Javed Ahmad, Aziz ur Rehman, Iqra Ghafoor, Nadeem Ahmad, Muhammad Sarwar, Muhammad Abdullah, Muhammad Hammad Tanveer, Majid Nadeem, Sadia Ajmal, Ahsan Javed, Mehvish Makhdoom, Muhammad Makky Javaid","doi":"10.53560/ppasb(60-3)765","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53560/ppasb(60-3)765","url":null,"abstract":"Durum-21 (D-21) is a high-yielding, disease resistant with better-quality traits variety, developed by Wheat Research Institute Faisalabad. This variety is mainly developed for industrial purposes for pasta production. Worldwide, durum wheat is utilized for pasta production; but in Pakistan, due to a lack of research work and non-availability of quality seeds of durum wheat, bread wheat is being utilized for pasta production. D-21 is developed with the breeding code of D-21 having parentage of FKN/3/2*FR//KAD/GB/4/BB/CHA/5/AS-2002 with pedigree as PB20733-1a-2a-2a-0a-0a-19a-0a. The candidate line D-21 was developed by crossing a germplasm accession with approved bread wheat variety AS-02. The genotype was further evaluated over multiple locations in Punjab Pakistan for yield and yield-related attributes in the station, provincial, and national uniform durum yield trials executed by Wheat Research Institute (WRI), Faisalabad during 2015-20. The promising line out yielded the two commercial check varieties D-97 and Fsd-2008 by 1.42 % in the provincial yield trial and 4.2 % in the national yield trial. D-21 had desirably medium to tall plant height (96-100 cm) without anthocyanin pigment. It has erected to semi-erect growth habit at the seedling stage. Its color is green with medium waxiness on stem and yellowish-white at maturity. Its 1000-grain weight ranged from 38.9 to 39 g while the test weight remained from 69 to 78.5 g. The protein contents were 13.1 to 14.95 %; which is higher than the two checks (D-97 and Fsd-2008). Due to its better grain yield and promising nutritional and quality parameters, it was approved in the year 2021 for cultivation all over the country. ","PeriodicalId":36960,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Pakistan Academy of Sciences: Part B","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42527466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Imran Hussain, Kacho Muhammad Imran Khan, Salar Ali, Muhammad Ayub, Atia Fehmi, Zakir Hussain
Solid waste management (SWM) is a marginalized sector in Gilgit Baltistan, causing a frightening situation, especially in the municipal area of district Skardu. The total municipal area of Skardu is about 4260 sq. km with a population of approximately 112996. In line with other government departments, the Gilgit Baltistan waste management company (GBWMC) is responsible for collecting and dumping solid waste. The current study was devised to calculate, characterize, and analyze the past status, and current position of municipal solid waste (MSW) production, so that necessary management practices and corrective measures can be carried out more efficiently in the study area. A series of interviews of concerned persons as well as extensive field surveys were conducted. The method used by GBWMC to collect waste was: door-to-door collection, placement of waste bins, and collection from the arterial roads. Waste was collected manually in polythene bags, handcarts, and baskets. The findings revealed that approximately 45-50 tonnes of waste was generated per day in the winter and in the summer it increases to 50-55 tonnes. The average waste generation was 0.43 kg per capita per day and is increasing at a rate of 2.28% annually. The main sources of waste were commercial and household waste contributing approximately 60 % and 40% of the total waste production respectively. There was no scientific disposal system for the collected waste which is dumped on the dumping sites by utilizing available resources considering Environmental protection agency (EPA) regulations along the Indus River bank. Thus specific steps should be taken to develop a proper scientific disposal system of collected wastes by incorporating the experts' expertise and modern technologies.
{"title":"Municipal Solid Waste Management in Skardu: Current Status, and Corrective Measures","authors":"Imran Hussain, Kacho Muhammad Imran Khan, Salar Ali, Muhammad Ayub, Atia Fehmi, Zakir Hussain","doi":"10.53560/ppasb(60-3)844","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53560/ppasb(60-3)844","url":null,"abstract":"Solid waste management (SWM) is a marginalized sector in Gilgit Baltistan, causing a frightening situation, especially in the municipal area of district Skardu. The total municipal area of Skardu is about 4260 sq. km with a population of approximately 112996. In line with other government departments, the Gilgit Baltistan waste management company (GBWMC) is responsible for collecting and dumping solid waste. The current study was devised to calculate, characterize, and analyze the past status, and current position of municipal solid waste (MSW) production, so that necessary management practices and corrective measures can be carried out more efficiently in the study area. A series of interviews of concerned persons as well as extensive field surveys were conducted. The method used by GBWMC to collect waste was: door-to-door collection, placement of waste bins, and collection from the arterial roads. Waste was collected manually in polythene bags, handcarts, and baskets. The findings revealed that approximately 45-50 tonnes of waste was generated per day in the winter and in the summer it increases to 50-55 tonnes. The average waste generation was 0.43 kg per capita per day and is increasing at a rate of 2.28% annually. The main sources of waste were commercial and household waste contributing approximately 60 % and 40% of the total waste production respectively. There was no scientific disposal system for the collected waste which is dumped on the dumping sites by utilizing available resources considering Environmental protection agency (EPA) regulations along the Indus River bank. Thus specific steps should be taken to develop a proper scientific disposal system of collected wastes by incorporating the experts' expertise and modern technologies.","PeriodicalId":36960,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Pakistan Academy of Sciences: Part B","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44170059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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