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The Dynamic Linkage among the Size, Growth and Profitability of Listed Companies in the ASEAN-4 Countries 东盟四国上市公司规模、增长与盈利能力的动态联系
Q2 Economics, Econometrics and Finance Pub Date : 2018-12-01 DOI: 10.7903/CMR.18579
Phassawan Suntraruk, Kanix Bukkavesa, Nat Kulvanich
The purpose of this paper is to examine the dynamic relationship among the size, growth, and profitability of listed companies. The study sample comprised listed companies in the ASEAN-4 countries—Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand—over the period 1972-2014. The K-medoids algorithm was employed in a cluster analysis, and the generalized method of moments (GMM) was applied to examine the dynamic relationship. The empirical results reveal that smaller companies tend to have higher growth than larger companies. Moreover, the results indicate that persistence of growth and persistence of profitability do not exist. There is also evidence that profitability affects companies’ growth, but companies’ growth does not affect profitability. To cite this document: Phassawan Suntraruk, Kanix Bukkavesa, Nat Kulvanich, "The Dynamic Linkage among the Size, Growth and Profitability of Listed Companies in the ASEAN-4 Countries", Contemporary Management Research, Vol.14, No.4, pp. 293-310, 2018. Permanent link to this document: http://dx.doi.org/10.7903/cmr.18579
本文的目的是检验上市公司的规模、增长和盈利能力之间的动态关系。研究样本包括1972-2014年期间东盟四国——马来西亚、菲律宾、新加坡和泰国——的上市公司。聚类分析采用K-medoid算法,并采用广义矩量法(GMM)检验动态关系。实证结果表明,小公司往往比大公司有更高的增长。此外,研究结果表明,增长的持续性和盈利的持续性并不存在。还有证据表明,盈利能力会影响公司的增长,但公司的增长不会影响盈利能力。引用本文件:Phassawan Suntraruk,Kanix Bukkavesa,Nat Kulvanich,“东盟四国上市公司规模、增长和盈利能力之间的动态联系”,《当代管理研究》,第14卷,第4期,2018年第293-310页。本文件的永久链接:http://dx.doi.org/10.7903/cmr.18579
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引用次数: 0
The Brand Authenticity Scale: Development and Validation 品牌真实性量表的开发与验证
Q2 Economics, Econometrics and Finance Pub Date : 2018-12-01 DOI: 10.7903/CMR.18581
V. Tran, Ching-Jui Keng
The purpose of this study is to develop a brand authenticity scale by reviewing the relevant literature to identify the factors important for brand authenticity, then developing and testing the discriminant and convergent validity of measurement scales for dimensions of brand authenticity. The research method adopted includes in-depth interview and focus group interview. The procedure for scale development was: item generation, scale purification, and scale validation. This research uses qualitative and empirical methods to identify the six key dimensions of brand authenticity and develop a brand authenticity scale. As a result, a six-dimensional scale containing seventeen items was developed representing distinctive dimensions of brand authenticity: virtue, connection, realism, aesthetics, control, and originality. This research contributes to the branding literature by identifying the dimensions of brand authenticity through the development of a brand authenticity scale. Moreover, the six dimensions represent the most comprehensive understanding of brand authenticity. The brand authenticity scale can be used with confidence to examine relationships with other important constructs of interest in the future. To cite this document: Van-Dat Tran, Ching-Jui Keng, "The Brand Authenticity Scale: Development and Validation", Contemporary Management Research, Vol.14, No.4, pp. 277-291, 2018. Permanent link to this document: http://dx.doi.org/10.7903/cmr.18581
本研究的目的是通过回顾相关文献,找出影响品牌真实性的重要因素,然后开发和检验品牌真实性维度测量量表的判别效度和收敛效度。采用的研究方法包括深度访谈和焦点小组访谈。量表开发程序为:项目生成、量表纯化和量表验证。本研究采用定性与实证相结合的方法,确定品牌真实性的六个关键维度,并编制品牌真实性量表。因此,一个包含17个项目的六维量表被开发出来,代表了品牌真实性的不同维度:美德、联系、现实主义、美学、控制和原创性。本研究通过开发品牌真实性量表来识别品牌真实性的维度,从而为品牌文献做出贡献。而且,这六个维度代表了对品牌真实性最全面的理解。品牌真实性量表可以自信地用于检验未来与其他重要的兴趣结构的关系。引用本文:陈凡达,“品牌真实性量表的发展与验证”,《当代管理研究》,Vol.14, No.4, pp. 277-291, 2018。此文档的永久链接:http://dx.doi.org/10.7903/cmr.18581
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引用次数: 20
Social and Environmental Reporting and the Co-creation of Corporate Legitimacy 社会与环境报告与企业合法性的共同创造
Q2 Economics, Econometrics and Finance Pub Date : 2018-10-09 DOI: 10.7903/CMR.18247
A. Bhattacharyya, F. W. Agbola
This paper extends the legitimacy theory by empirically investigating the extent and context of social, environmental and total voluntary non-financial disclosures across industries. The study uses 312 annual reports of publicly listed Indian companies for the accounting years 2006, 2012 and 2014. We follow a Multivariate Ordinary Least Squares (MOLS) modelling framework to test the hypotheses. Our empirical results indicate that the decision to provide voluntary non-financial disclosure is positively related to a firm’s age, profitability, industrial category and leverage. Our results further indicate that, contrary to legitimacy theory, the decision to provide social and environmental non-financial disclosures by sampled publicly listed companies is found to correlate negatively with consumer proximity, leverage and industrial transport industry membership. Our results add new empirical evidence to support the view that non-financial disclosure by companies is influenced by country-specific characteristics within which the firm operates. Future research could extend the study to other emerging countries and include data from unlisted companies to validate our findings. To cite this document: Asit Bhattacharyya and Frank Wogbe Agbola, "Social and Environmental Reporting and the Co-creation of Corporate Legitimacy", Contemporary Management Research, Vol.14, No.3, pp. 191-223, 2018. Permanent link to this document: http://dx.doi.org/10.7903/cmr.18247
本文通过实证研究跨行业的社会、环境和完全自愿非财务披露的范围和背景,扩展了合法性理论。该研究使用了印度上市公司2006、2012和2014会计年度的312份年度报告。我们遵循多变量普通最小二乘(MOLS)建模框架来检验假设。我们的实证结果表明,提供自愿非财务披露的决定与公司的年龄、盈利能力、行业类别和杠杆率呈正相关。我们的研究结果进一步表明,与合法性理论相反,抽样上市公司提供社会和环境非财务披露的决定与消费者接近度、杠杆率和工业运输行业成员身份呈负相关。我们的研究结果增加了新的实证证据来支持这样一种观点,即公司的非财务披露受到公司经营所在国家特定特征的影响。未来的研究可能会将这项研究扩展到其他新兴国家,并包括非上市公司的数据,以验证我们的发现。引用本文件:Asit Bhattacharyya和Frank Wogbe Agbola,“社会和环境报告与企业合法性的共同创建”,《当代管理研究》,第14卷,第3期,第191-2232018页。本文件的永久链接:http://dx.doi.org/10.7903/cmr.18247
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引用次数: 5
How Formal and Informal Institutional Environments Affect The Way Greenpeace Fights Genetically-Modified Organisms in Europe and The United States 正式和非正式的制度环境如何影响绿色和平组织在欧洲和美国对抗转基因生物的方式
Q2 Economics, Econometrics and Finance Pub Date : 2018-09-01 DOI: 10.7903/CMR.17889
S. Luxmore, C. E. Hull
We applied institutional theory to examine the effect of differences in institutional pressures on strategic decisions of a non-profit non-governmental organization, Greenpeace, in its fight to stop the use of genetically-modified organisms. The effects of differences in institutional pressures were examined through examining differences between the United States and the European Union as well as between two European nations, France and Spain, in Greenpeace’s strategy. We suggested that formal and informal institutional pressures influence strategic decision-making in Greenpeace’s independent national units. We proposed that the US differs from the EU in both formal and informal institutional environments, Spain and France differ in the informal dimension, and these differences are reflected in Greenpeace’s strategies. We also argued that Greenpeace exemplifies the successful use of a transnational strategy and discussed that non-profits may be better able to adopt a transnational strategy than do for-profits. To cite this document: Stephen R. Luxmore and Clyde Eirikur Hull, "Are Non-Profits Better at Adopting a Transnational Strategy Than For-Profits? How Environments Affect the Way Greenpeace Fights Genetically-Modified Organisms in Europe and the United States", Contemporary Management Research, Vol.14, No.3, pp. 225-252, 2018. Permanent link to this document: http://dx.doi.org/10.7903/cmr.17889
我们应用制度理论来研究制度压力的差异对非营利非政府组织绿色和平在停止使用转基因生物的斗争中的战略决策的影响。在绿色和平组织的战略中,通过研究美国和欧盟以及法国和西班牙这两个欧洲国家之间的差异,研究了制度压力差异的影响。我们认为,正式和非正式的制度压力会影响绿色和平独立国家单位的战略决策。我们提出,美国在正式和非正式制度环境方面与欧盟不同,西班牙和法国在非正式方面不同,这些差异反映在绿色和平组织的战略中。我们还认为,绿色和平是成功使用跨国战略的典范,并讨论了非营利组织可能比营利组织更能采用跨国战略。引用本文件:Stephen R.Luxmore和Clyde Eirikur Hull,“非营利组织更善于采取跨国战略而非营利吗?环境如何影响绿色和平组织在欧洲和美国对抗转基因生物的方式”,《当代管理研究》,第14卷,第3期,第225-2522018页。本文件的永久链接:http://dx.doi.org/10.7903/cmr.17889
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引用次数: 1
Organisational Leadership in Bangladesh: An Investigation of Managerial Response to A Change Environment 孟加拉国的组织领导:管理层对变化环境的反应调查
Q2 Economics, Econometrics and Finance Pub Date : 2018-08-23 DOI: 10.7903/CMR.18341
C. Selvarajah, D. Meyer, Tarun Kanti Bose
This paper examines links between the cultural embeddedness and current managerial response to leadership excellence in a change environment in the context of Bangladesh. The study was performed for the years of 2009 and 2014. To explore the link between culture and managerial response, factor analysis, regression and structural modelling using SPSS V22 and AMOS V22 are employed to explain what constitutes managerial leadership excellence in Bangladesh. The results, based on the perceptions of 660 Bangladesh managers, suggest that managers are receptive to behavioural changes demanded by the environment. In particular, empathy has a negative relationship with the Excellent Leader response in 2014 compared to 2009, thus suggesting environmental changes influencing managerial behaviours. Future research should explore further the time and etic influences on leadership. Keywords: Managerial Leadership, Human Capacity Building Sufi Islam, Environment Sustainability, Empathy To cite this document: Christopher Selvarajah, Denny Meyer, and Tarun Kanti Bose, "Organisational Leadership in Bangladesh: An Investigation of Managerial Response to A Change Environment", Contemporary Management Research, Vol.14, No.1, pp. 21-52, 2018. Permanent link to this document: http://dx.doi.org/10.7903/cmr.18341
本文探讨了文化嵌入性和当前管理响应卓越领导力在孟加拉国的背景下的变化环境之间的联系。这项研究在2009年和2014年进行。为了探索文化与管理反应之间的联系,采用SPSS V22和AMOS V22进行因素分析,回归和结构建模,以解释孟加拉国管理领导卓越的构成。基于对660名孟加拉国管理人员的看法得出的结果表明,管理人员能够接受环境所要求的行为改变。特别是,与2009年相比,2014年共情与优秀领导者的反应呈负相关,这表明环境变化影响了管理行为。未来的研究应进一步探讨时间和环境对领导力的影响。引用本文:Christopher Selvarajah, Denny Meyer和Tarun Kanti Bose,“孟加拉国的组织领导力:对变化环境的管理反应的调查”,当代管理研究,第14卷,第1期,第21-52页,2018年。此文档的永久链接:http://dx.doi.org/10.7903/cmr.18341
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引用次数: 1
Exploring The Social Marketing Impacts of Virtual Brand Community Engagement 探索虚拟品牌社区参与的社会营销影响
Q2 Economics, Econometrics and Finance Pub Date : 2018-06-30 DOI: 10.7903/CMR.18086
I. Chiang, S. Tu, Lingfei Wang
The number of people using online communities is rising. The study found that more consumers find and evaluate goods through social media networks. At the same time, marketers continue to promote brand recognition, but more importantly, to increase user engagement. However, the link between the brand community and social media has become the focus of the marketing staff and the public. But the academic research of the brand community and the social media in the past focused on brand loyalty. Thus, the aim of this study was to explore how virtual brand communities could create social impacts on their customers. This study will use a web survey from customers from Insightxplorer’s Cyber Panel who intend to adopt a social network service. Factor analysis will be conducted to confirm the induced factors from literature review. Furthermore, PLS will be used to determine the variation in social networking sites’ quality, brand communities’ engagement, virtual community and equity. Finally, in-depth discussions and conclusions will be provided to inform research and practice. Keywords: Social Media Marketing, Virtual Brand Community, Brand Community Engagement To cite this document: I Ping Chiang, Shou En Tu, and Ling Hui Wang, "Exploring The Social Marketing Impacts of Virtual Brand Community Engagement", Contemporary Management Research, Vol.14, No.2, pp. 143-164, 2018. Permanent link to this document: http://dx.doi.org/10.7903/cmr.18086
使用在线社区的人数正在增加。研究发现,越来越多的消费者通过社交媒体网络寻找和评价商品。与此同时,营销人员继续促进品牌知名度,但更重要的是,增加用户参与度。然而,品牌社区和社交媒体之间的联系已成为营销人员和公众关注的焦点。但过去学术界对品牌社区和社交媒体的研究主要集中在品牌忠诚度上。因此,本研究的目的是探索虚拟品牌社区如何对其客户产生社会影响。这项研究将使用Insightexplorer网络小组的客户进行的网络调查,这些客户打算采用社交网络服务。将进行因素分析,从文献综述中确认诱发因素。此外,PLS将用于确定社交网站质量、品牌社区参与度、虚拟社区和公平性的变化。最后,将提供深入的讨论和结论,为研究和实践提供信息。关键词:社交媒体营销、虚拟品牌社区、品牌社区参与引用本文:蒋一平、涂守恩、王凌晖,“探索虚拟品牌社区参与的社会营销影响”,《当代管理研究》,2018年第14卷第2期,第143-164页。本文件的永久链接:http://dx.doi.org/10.7903/cmr.18086
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引用次数: 11
The Chinese E-Commerce Search Advertising Business: A Case Study of Taobao 中国电子商务搜索广告业务:以淘宝为例
Q2 Economics, Econometrics and Finance Pub Date : 2018-06-30 DOI: 10.7903/CMR.18285
Joseph Richards, Min Li
Given the rapid growth of the e-commerce market in China, there is a growing need to understand the characteristics of the search advertising strategy employed by dominant e-commerce firms in China. This paper presents a case study to understand the search advertising strategy employed by Taobao based on two sample data sets obtained from the online shopping site taobao.com operated under the Chinese e-commerce giant Alibaba. The first data set contains features about the advertisements displayed after the customer’s search using keyword(s). The second data set contains features about the advertisements clicked by customers. These features and the features specific to customers such as their location, time of search, and time of clicking an advertisement in the data sets are studied to reveal insights into the online advertising strategy employed by Taobao in response to customer searches. The results of data analysis show that there is often a relationship among the variables such as the number of advertisements displayed, prices of advertised products, whether a keyword was used in the search, the time elapsed between the start of search and when an advertisement was clicked, the number of keywords used in search, the likelihood of clicking on an advertisement, and price discounts of advertised products. Specific relationships between these variables are formulated as hypothesis and then tested. The insights gained from the test results can be used to develop better business models for sponsored search advertising. Keywords: Online Search, Sponsored Search, Online Advertising, Taobao To cite this document: Joseph Richards and Min Li, "The Chinese E-Commerce Search Advertising Business: A Case Study of Taobao", Contemporary Management Research, Vol.14, No.2, pp. 121-142, 2018. Permanent link to this document: http://dx.doi.org/10.7903/cmr.18285
鉴于中国电子商务市场的快速增长,越来越需要了解中国占主导地位的电子商务公司所采用的搜索广告策略的特点。本文以中国电子商务巨头阿里巴巴旗下的在线购物网站淘宝网为样本,对淘宝采用的搜索广告策略进行了案例研究。第一个数据集包含关于客户使用关键字搜索后显示的广告的特征。第二个数据集包含客户点击的广告的特征。这些特征和客户特有的特征,如他们的位置、搜索时间和点击广告的时间,在数据集中进行了研究,以揭示淘宝在响应客户搜索时所采用的在线广告策略。数据分析的结果表明,广告显示的数量、广告产品的价格、搜索中是否使用关键字、搜索开始到点击广告的时间、搜索中使用的关键字数量、点击广告的可能性、广告产品的价格折扣等变量之间往往存在一定的关系。这些变量之间的特定关系被表述为假设,然后进行检验。从测试结果中获得的见解可用于为赞助搜索广告开发更好的商业模式。关键词:网络搜索,赞助搜索,网络广告,淘宝引用本文:Joseph Richards,李敏,“中国电子商务搜索广告业务:以淘宝为例”,当代管理研究,第14卷第2期,页121-142,2018。此文档的永久链接:http://dx.doi.org/10.7903/cmr.18285
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引用次数: 3
Dutch Managerial Leadership Strategies: Managing Uncertainty Avoidance, Feminine-Related Social Roles, Organisation Prosperity Focus, and Work Orientation within A Polder Framework 荷兰管理领导策略:管理不确定性规避、女性相关社会角色、组织繁荣焦点和工作导向
Q2 Economics, Econometrics and Finance Pub Date : 2018-06-30 DOI: 10.7903/CMR.18279
C. Selvarajah, D. Meyer, A. Waal, B. Heijden
This paper extends Schama’s (1988) notion of moral geography where there is a determinacy link between an ecology and those managing organisations within it. We emphasise that the link is framed by its historical legacy of social ideals. This paper hypothesises that the egalitarian influence of the polder philosophy leads Dutch managers to value cooperative partnership based on consensus decision-making, in a symbiotic relationship between the manager and the community. Structural equation modelling of the data obtained from surveying 808 managers across occupational industry sectors in the Netherlands support this hypothesis. Results reveal that in the Netherlands (1) the external environment has an unique influence, through its impact on managerial behaviour; (2) the external environment has a profound influence on managers’ personal qualities underpinned by their feminine-value-oriented social roles; and (3) organisational prosperity and work orientations are driven by environmental uncertainty avoidance and managers’ feminine-valued social roles. Keywords: Uncertainty Avoidance, Social Roles, Organisation Prosperity, Work Orientation, Preferred Leadership Styles, Polder Philosophy To cite this document: Christopher Selvarajah, Denny Meyer, Andre de Waal, and Beatrice Van der Heijden, "Dutch Managerial Leadership Strategies: Managing Uncertainty Avoidance, Feminine-Related Social Roles, Organisation Prosperity Focus, and Work Orientation within A Polder Framework", Contemporary Management Research, Vol.14, No.2, pp. 87-120, 2018. Permanent link to this document: http://dx.doi.org/10.7903/cmr.18279
本文扩展了Schama(1988)的道德地理学概念,其中生态与其中的管理组织之间存在确定性联系。我们强调,这种联系是由其社会理想的历史遗产所构成的。本文假设波兰哲学的平等主义影响导致荷兰管理者在管理者和社区之间的共生关系中重视基于共识决策的合作伙伴关系。结构方程模型的数据从调查808名经理跨职业行业部门在荷兰支持这一假设。结果表明,在荷兰(1)外部环境具有独特的影响,通过其对管理行为的影响;(2)外部环境对管理者的个人素质有深刻的影响,而管理者的社会角色以女性价值为导向;(3)组织繁荣和工作取向受环境不确定性规避和管理者女性化社会角色的驱动。引用本文:Christopher Selvarajah, Denny Meyer, Andre de Waal, Beatrice Van der Heijden,“荷兰管理领导策略:管理不确定性规避,女性相关社会角色,组织繁荣焦点和工作取向”,当代管理研究,第14卷,第2期,第87-120页,2018。此文档的永久链接:http://dx.doi.org/10.7903/cmr.18279
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引用次数: 4
Determinants of Audit Service Quality Perceptions of Supervisory Directors in Dutch Corporations 荷兰公司监事审计服务质量认知的决定因素
Q2 Economics, Econometrics and Finance Pub Date : 2018-03-30 DOI: 10.7903/CMR.18037
A. Ghebremichael
The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of key quality attributes in the audit context on supervisory directors’ assessment of audit quality. To this end, we identified, through survey questionnaires, audit quality attributes and dimensions (in terms of both their technical and service dimensions) based on the perception of supervisory board members in a sample of large and medium Dutch corporations. Factor analysis of the audit quality attributes produced four quality dimensions related to the core outcome of the audit service (auditor competence and independence) and five quality dimensions related to the relational (service) aspect. The paper, further, discusses the influence of these quality dimensions on the assessment of overall audit quality. The findings indicate that the technical and functional quality dimensions identified in this study do influence supervisory directors’ perception of overall audit quality. The findings have both theoretical and policy implications. Our emphasis on supervisory board members, as current de jure and de facto clients of auditors, is a unique contribution of this study. Keywords: Service Quality, Audit Quality, Supervisory Directors, Functional Quality, Technical Quality, Auditor Independence, The Netherlands To cite this document: Asmerom Atewebrhan Ghebremichael, "Determinants of Audit Service Quality Perceptions of Supervisory Directors in Dutch Corporations", Contemporary Management Research, Vol.14, No.1, pp. 53-84, 2018. Permanent link to this document: http://dx.doi.org/10.7903/cmr.18037
本研究的目的是调查审计背景下的关键质量属性对监事评估审计质量的影响。为此,我们通过调查问卷,根据荷兰大中型公司监事会成员的看法,确定了审计质量属性和维度(就技术和服务维度而言)。对审计质量属性的因素分析产生了与审计服务核心成果(审计师能力和独立性)相关的四个质量维度和与关系(服务)方面相关的五个质量维度。本文进一步探讨了这些质量维度对审计总体质量评估的影响。研究结果表明,本研究中确定的技术和职能质量维度确实影响了监事对整体审计质量的感知。研究结果具有理论和政策意义。我们对监事会成员作为审计师当前法律上和事实上的客户的重视,是本研究的独特贡献。关键词:服务质量、审计质量、监事、职能质量、技术质量、审计师独立性,荷兰引用本文件:Asmerom Atewebrhan Ghebremichael,“荷兰公司监事审计服务质量感知的决定因素”,《当代管理研究》,第14卷,第1期,第53-842018页。本文件的永久链接:http://dx.doi.org/10.7903/cmr.18037
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引用次数: 1
The Relationship between Relationship Investment, Relationship Quality, and Attachment Styles 关系投入、关系质量与依恋类型的关系
Q2 Economics, Econometrics and Finance Pub Date : 2018-03-30 DOI: 10.7903/CMR.18017
Hui-Chen Chang, Lin-Ju Cheng, Yi-Ching Tsai, Hung-Chun Lai
This study examines the impact of relationship investment on relationship quality in dental technology. In addition, it explores the moderating effects between relationship investment and relationship quality by using customer attachment to different dentists' styles. The study collects 202 questionnaires from dentists in Taiwan. This study uses hierarchy regression analysis to test hypotheses. The empirical results show that 1) relationship investment has a significantly positive effect on relationship quality; and 2) that customer attachment has a moderating effect on relationship investment and relationship quality. Both attachment anxiety and attachment avoidance have significantly negative effects on relationship quality. However, only attachment anxiety has a significantly moderating effect on relationship investment and relationship quality. Keywords: Relationship Investment, Relationship Quality, Dental Technology, Attachment Style To cite this document: Hui-Chen Chang, Lin-Ju Cheng, Yi-Ching Tsai, and Hung-Chun Lai, "The Relationship between Relationship Investment, Relationship Quality, and Attachment Styles", Contemporary Management Research, Vol.14, No.1, pp. 3-20, 2018. Permanent link to this document: http://dx.doi.org/10.7903/cmr.18017
本研究探讨关系投资对牙科科技关系品质的影响。此外,通过对不同牙医风格的顾客依恋,探讨关系投入与关系质量之间的调节作用。本研究收集202份台湾牙医问卷。本研究采用层次回归分析对假设进行检验。实证结果表明:1)关系投资对关系质量有显著的正向影响;2)顾客依恋对关系投资和关系质量有调节作用。依恋焦虑和依恋回避对关系质量均有显著的负向影响。然而,只有依恋焦虑对关系投入和关系质量有显著的调节作用。关键词:关系投资、关系质量、牙科技、依恋类型引用本文:张慧琛、程林菊、蔡懿贞、赖鸿春,“关系投资、关系质量与依恋类型的关系”,《当代管理研究》第14卷第1期,2018年第3-20页。此文档的永久链接:http://dx.doi.org/10.7903/cmr.18017
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引用次数: 3
期刊
Contemporary Management Research
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