Fake news is an emerging field of research that attracts much attention from academic communities as well as mass media practitioners. However, the concept of fake news is still ambiguous, and the boundary between the definition of fake news and other relative concepts, such as news satire, yellow journalism, junk news, pseudo-news, hoax news, propaganda news, advertorial, false information, fake information, misinformation, disinformation, mal-information, alternative fact, and post-truth is blurred. The present study aims to identify the meanings of fake news and other related concepts, and explore the recent trend of research on them. By searching the journals listed in the Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI) and Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-Expanded) database, the present study found 387 articles on fake news. Through analyzing these articles, the present study maps the trend and reveals the highly influential research articles, as well as theories and concepts that are used. The results may provide fundamental insights into the development of research on fake news in recent years.
{"title":"Fake News and Related Concepts: Definitions and Recent Research Development","authors":"Chih-Chien Wang","doi":"10.7903/CMR.20677","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7903/CMR.20677","url":null,"abstract":"Fake news is an emerging field of research that attracts much attention from academic communities as well as mass media practitioners. However, the concept of fake news is still ambiguous, and the boundary between the definition of fake news and other relative concepts, such as news satire, yellow journalism, junk news, pseudo-news, hoax news, propaganda news, advertorial, false information, fake information, misinformation, disinformation, mal-information, alternative fact, and post-truth is blurred. The present study aims to identify the meanings of fake news and other related concepts, and explore the recent trend of research on them. By searching the journals listed in the Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI) and Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-Expanded) database, the present study found 387 articles on fake news. Through analyzing these articles, the present study maps the trend and reveals the highly influential research articles, as well as theories and concepts that are used. The results may provide fundamental insights into the development of research on fake news in recent years.","PeriodicalId":36973,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Management Research","volume":"16 1","pages":"145-174"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42504017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The technological developments on artificial intelligence (AI) are going to diffuse in all scales of firms in different industries. AI is increasingly used in diverse business functions, including marketing, customer service, cost reduction, and product improvement. Although there exists a large number of studies on AI, those focusing on the businesses are rather rare, and there is no holistic conceptual framework that brings the information on defining AI business strategy. The aim of this paper is to develop a conceptual framework on defining AI business strategy through a systematic literature review (SLR) of research conducted between 2015 and 2019. Consolidating business and technical views of AI, the paper discusses the major elements of AI in business like abilities and limitations of AI, economics and AI, business functions and AI, workforce, industries and AI, and regulations and ethics of AI on defining AI business strategy.
{"title":"A Conceptual Framework on Defining Businesses Strategy for Artificial Intelligence","authors":"Salih Caner, Feyza Bhatti","doi":"10.7903/CMR.19970","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7903/CMR.19970","url":null,"abstract":"The technological developments on artificial intelligence (AI) are going to diffuse in all scales of firms in different industries. AI is increasingly used in diverse business functions, including marketing, customer service, cost reduction, and product improvement. Although there exists a large number of studies on AI, those focusing on the businesses are rather rare, and there is no holistic conceptual framework that brings the information on defining AI business strategy. The aim of this paper is to develop a conceptual framework on defining AI business strategy through a systematic literature review (SLR) of research conducted between 2015 and 2019. Consolidating business and technical views of AI, the paper discusses the major elements of AI in business like abilities and limitations of AI, economics and AI, business functions and AI, workforce, industries and AI, and regulations and ethics of AI on defining AI business strategy.","PeriodicalId":36973,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Management Research","volume":"16 1","pages":"175-206"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41960557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Social media has garnered increased attention amongst individuals and organizations. At organizational levels, social media gives companies a way to connect with the market in a real-time manner. It becomes an essential component of marketing and business. However, the economic advantage of the presence of companies on social media platforms remains hardly studied. In this research, we focus on the economic relevance of being on social media, and more specifically on Twitter, at firm levels. With a sample of 227 Canadian companies listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange (TSX), we analyze the relationship between corporate performance and the company’s presence on Twitter. Our results suggest that companies can realize a competitive advantage in having social media presence. Indeed, companies that are active on Twitter stand out for their performance; either we measure corporate performance by stock market performance or by return on assets (ROA). Our results highlight the benefits of being active on social media.
{"title":"Social Media Presence and Organizational Performance: An Empirical Study on Companies’ Presence on Twitter","authors":"Nivo Ravaonorohanta, Michel Sayumwe","doi":"10.7903/cmr.20095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7903/cmr.20095","url":null,"abstract":"Social media has garnered increased attention amongst individuals and organizations. At organizational levels, social media gives companies a way to connect with the market in a real-time manner. It becomes an essential component of marketing and business. However, the economic advantage of the presence of companies on social media platforms remains hardly studied. In this research, we focus on the economic relevance of being on social media, and more specifically on Twitter, at firm levels. With a sample of 227 Canadian companies listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange (TSX), we analyze the relationship between corporate performance and the company’s presence on Twitter. Our results suggest that companies can realize a competitive advantage in having social media presence. Indeed, companies that are active on Twitter stand out for their performance; either we measure corporate performance by stock market performance or by return on assets (ROA). Our results highlight the benefits of being active on social media.","PeriodicalId":36973,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Management Research","volume":"16 1","pages":"123-144"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44197577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study used content analyzed ten Australian Small and Medium Enterprises (SME) sites for their brand awareness, communication, information, integration and cultural awareness to examine how best they use Instagram to internationalize. In this study, the internationalization process was provided through engaging a 3-stage internationalization process model (no plans to export, potential exporter, exporters) and, training outcomes were identified. Findings showed that owing to reduced barriers of engaging with overseas market, SMEs with the higher brand and cultural awareness, and acceptable online communication practices were primed for internationalization while SMEs who had poor business integration were negatively viewed for internationalization. These findings have implications for theory and practice.
{"title":"Internationalization Via Instagram: An Exploratory Study of Small and Medium Enterprises","authors":"Suku Sukunesan, C. Selvarajah, Zelda Mellstrom","doi":"10.7903/cmr.19811","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7903/cmr.19811","url":null,"abstract":"This study used content analyzed ten Australian Small and Medium Enterprises (SME) sites for their brand awareness, communication, information, integration and cultural awareness to examine how best they use Instagram to internationalize. In this study, the internationalization process was provided through engaging a 3-stage internationalization process model (no plans to export, potential exporter, exporters) and, training outcomes were identified. Findings showed that owing to reduced barriers of engaging with overseas market, SMEs with the higher brand and cultural awareness, and acceptable online communication practices were primed for internationalization while SMEs who had poor business integration were negatively viewed for internationalization. These findings have implications for theory and practice.","PeriodicalId":36973,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Management Research","volume":"16 1","pages":"77-121"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45020380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study combines the SC-E model and entrepreneurial bias research to formulate a “social capital-cognitive bias-entrepreneurial intentions framework,” and to discuss the differences between gender in the relationship among social capital, cognitive bias, and entrepreneurial intentions. Additionally, it also explores the mediation effects of optimism and overconfidence. Structural equation modeling is used to examine the hypotheses on a sample of 511 students at a Taiwanese university. Empirical results show that neither bonding nor bridging social capital has a direct impact on entrepreneurial intentions. They also indicate that male students are more optimistic and have higher entrepreneurial intentions than females. Regarding the mediation effect, bridging social capital may evoke both optimism and overconfidence, but bonding social capital only affects optimism. Furthermore, optimism is the antecedent of overconfidence, and it creates another channel of the mediation effect.
{"title":"Connecting Social Capital, Cognitive Bias, and Entrepreneurial Intentions: About Gender Differences","authors":"Lin-Ju Cheng, C. Liao","doi":"10.7903/cmr.19818","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7903/cmr.19818","url":null,"abstract":"This study combines the SC-E model and entrepreneurial bias research to formulate a “social capital-cognitive bias-entrepreneurial intentions framework,” and to discuss the differences between gender in the relationship among social capital, cognitive bias, and entrepreneurial intentions. Additionally, it also explores the mediation effects of optimism and overconfidence. Structural equation modeling is used to examine the hypotheses on a sample of 511 students at a Taiwanese university. Empirical results show that neither bonding nor bridging social capital has a direct impact on entrepreneurial intentions. They also indicate that male students are more optimistic and have higher entrepreneurial intentions than females. Regarding the mediation effect, bridging social capital may evoke both optimism and overconfidence, but bonding social capital only affects optimism. Furthermore, optimism is the antecedent of overconfidence, and it creates another channel of the mediation effect.","PeriodicalId":36973,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Management Research","volume":"16 1","pages":"1-34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46122984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Why don't individuals follow the best information security practices? We address an aspect of this question by focusing on one of the most common authentication methods – passwords. To promote better password habits, security experts consistently recommend the use of password managers as a best practice, but recent research shows their usage rate is low. Therefore, understanding the factors that influence the use of a password manager is important. We contribute to this cause by drawing on information security and technology adoption literature. Survey results from 120 participants with varying numbers of internet accounts yield some counterintuitive findings. As proposed, perceived severity and perceived vulnerability of password loss strongly influenced intent to use password managers. However, perceived ease of use diminished the intent to use password managers, and trust is only partially supported. Our results indicate that 'security' aspects of password managers are more important than 'usability' aspects. The implications of these findings for password management are discussed.
{"title":"Why Do Not We Use Password Managers? A Study on the Intention to Use Password Managers","authors":"Ramakrishna Ayyagari, Jaejoo Lim, Olger Hoxha","doi":"10.7903/cmr.19394","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7903/cmr.19394","url":null,"abstract":"Why don't individuals follow the best information security practices? We address an aspect of this question by focusing on one of the most common authentication methods – passwords. To promote better password habits, security experts consistently recommend the use of password managers as a best practice, but recent research shows their usage rate is low. Therefore, understanding the factors that influence the use of a password manager is important. We contribute to this cause by drawing on information security and technology adoption literature. Survey results from 120 participants with varying numbers of internet accounts yield some counterintuitive findings. As proposed, perceived severity and perceived vulnerability of password loss strongly influenced intent to use password managers. However, perceived ease of use diminished the intent to use password managers, and trust is only partially supported. Our results indicate that 'security' aspects of password managers are more important than 'usability' aspects. The implications of these findings for password management are discussed.","PeriodicalId":36973,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Management Research","volume":"15 1","pages":"227-245"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48356619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study used spillover effects and reversal theory to examine the influence of banner advertising on the attitude of the host website. A total of 146 volunteers were recruited for an experiment. A computer program and an eye-tracking device were used to record and analyze participants’ eye movements, and a psychological scale was used to measure the participants’ attitudes. The results showed that the negative attitudes generated by banner advertising do spill over to the host websites, which in turn negatively affects the website. When viewers have negative attitudes toward the host websites, their fixation time and revisit intention of the websites will be significantly reduced. These findings encourage advertisers to plan advertising strategies and provide valuable implications for banner advertising and websites.
{"title":"Using Eye-Tracking to Measure the Influence of Banner Ads’ Browsing Behavior and Attitude on Host Websites","authors":"Yu-Ping Chiu, Shu-Chen Chang","doi":"10.7903/cmr.19393","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7903/cmr.19393","url":null,"abstract":"This study used spillover effects and reversal theory to examine the influence of banner advertising on the attitude of the host website. A total of 146 volunteers were recruited for an experiment. A computer program and an eye-tracking device were used to record and analyze participants’ eye movements, and a psychological scale was used to measure the participants’ attitudes. The results showed that the negative attitudes generated by banner advertising do spill over to the host websites, which in turn negatively affects the website. When viewers have negative attitudes toward the host websites, their fixation time and revisit intention of the websites will be significantly reduced. These findings encourage advertisers to plan advertising strategies and provide valuable implications for banner advertising and websites.","PeriodicalId":36973,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Management Research","volume":"16 1","pages":"35-54"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71361444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The need for real enhancement of capabilities of an organization to provide various valuable services for customers, as fundamental to competitive advantage, has become a significant issue. This paper aims to consider employee satisfaction by collecting in Taiwan and mainland China hotel industry. It is conducted by referring to the grey relative analysis method to examine what demands employee expects and requires. The findings indicated that employees in both countries have similar requirements for internal marketing regarding personal demographics, although they are under different growing backgrounds and environments. The findings also have implications for the manager in the services organization.
{"title":"Applying Grey Relational Analysis to Evaluate Internal Marketing Practice: A Cross-Cultural Case Study in Taiwan and Mainland China Hotels","authors":"Yu-Ting Huang, Tzong-Ru Lee, Yiyi Jiang","doi":"10.7903/cmr.19552","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7903/cmr.19552","url":null,"abstract":"The need for real enhancement of capabilities of an organization to provide various valuable services for customers, as fundamental to competitive advantage, has become a significant issue. This paper aims to consider employee satisfaction by collecting in Taiwan and mainland China hotel industry. It is conducted by referring to the grey relative analysis method to examine what demands employee expects and requires. The findings indicated that employees in both countries have similar requirements for internal marketing regarding personal demographics, although they are under different growing backgrounds and environments. The findings also have implications for the manager in the services organization.","PeriodicalId":36973,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Management Research","volume":"16 1","pages":"55-75"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71361450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Being a decentralized system makes Blockchain a suitable technology solution in many cases. The Smart Energy domain has the potential to benefit from the use of Blockchain, by improving data and transaction management, through applications such as peer-to-peer energy trading, grid enhancement, and electric vehicle support. Many researchers have proposed models and prototypes of blockchain-based applications, which are expected to improve the performance of smart energy systems. In this report, a qualitative literature review was performed to look into a sample of these application proposals and to try to identify the impacts of blockchain technology in Smart Energy. This resulted in the discovery of both positive and negative factors. The beneficial factors include increased security, improved data privacy, data transparency and immutability, removal of third-party control and trust, ubiquitous solution, and greater data accessibility. The list of challenges includes limited scalability and speed, off-chain support requirement, high establishment and maintenance cost, and requiring further practical tests. One of the interesting findings is that the impact of Blockchain technology as to whether it may increase or decrease transaction costs is still unclear. Finally, the paper recommends that a future study may focus on economic feasibility and transaction costs, and ascertain which Smart Energy cases and application designs are more appropriate for Blockchain technology.
{"title":"Benefits and Risks of Using Blockchain in Smart Energy: A Literature Review","authors":"Emre Erturk","doi":"10.7903/cmr.19650","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7903/cmr.19650","url":null,"abstract":"Being a decentralized system makes Blockchain a suitable technology solution in many cases. The Smart Energy domain has the potential to benefit from the use of Blockchain, by improving data and transaction management, through applications such as peer-to-peer energy trading, grid enhancement, and electric vehicle support. Many researchers have proposed models and prototypes of blockchain-based applications, which are expected to improve the performance of smart energy systems. In this report, a qualitative literature review was performed to look into a sample of these application proposals and to try to identify the impacts of blockchain technology in Smart Energy. This resulted in the discovery of both positive and negative factors. The beneficial factors include increased security, improved data privacy, data transparency and immutability, removal of third-party control and trust, ubiquitous solution, and greater data accessibility. The list of challenges includes limited scalability and speed, off-chain support requirement, high establishment and maintenance cost, and requiring further practical tests. One of the interesting findings is that the impact of Blockchain technology as to whether it may increase or decrease transaction costs is still unclear. Finally, the paper recommends that a future study may focus on economic feasibility and transaction costs, and ascertain which Smart Energy cases and application designs are more appropriate for Blockchain technology.","PeriodicalId":36973,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Management Research","volume":"15 1","pages":"205-225"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41504926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
High-performance work practices (HPWP) have been found to increase financial performance. Institutional theory suggests that this effect may be moderated by labor market institutions, such as labor market flexibility and labor market efficiency. We explore this relationship using a combined data set comprised of data on HPWP from ASSET4, financial and other company-level data from the Worldscope Database, and national institutional context data from the World Economic Forum’s Global Competitiveness Report. With an international sample of roughly 20,000 archival firmyear observations across a seven-year period, we use pooled OLS regression models with robust standard errors, clustered at the firm level. We find support for all predicted relationships except for a direct relationship between labor market flexibility and performance: Strong formal institutional pressure (low labor market flexibility) increases the positive financial impact of HPWP. Strong informal institutional pressure (high labor market efficiency) affects the financial performance of businesses directly and positively, and also indirectly by increasing the positive effect of HPWP on financial performance. We conclude that companies seeking the most financially-rewarding approach to human resource management (HRM) should engage in HPWP, encourage the local population to Contemporary Management Research 248 expect and value such practices (e.g., by promoting women’s rights), and, counterintuitively, encourage more government regulation of business around HRM practices.
{"title":"The Financial Impact of High-Performance Work Practices: The Moderating Effects of Labor Market Flexibility and Labor Market Efficiency","authors":"C. E. Hull, S. Rothenberg, Sebastian Vogt","doi":"10.7903/cmr.19623","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7903/cmr.19623","url":null,"abstract":"High-performance work practices (HPWP) have been found to increase financial performance. Institutional theory suggests that this effect may be moderated by labor market institutions, such as labor market flexibility and labor market efficiency. We explore this relationship using a combined data set comprised of data on HPWP from ASSET4, financial and other company-level data from the Worldscope Database, and national institutional context data from the World Economic Forum’s Global Competitiveness Report. With an international sample of roughly 20,000 archival firmyear observations across a seven-year period, we use pooled OLS regression models with robust standard errors, clustered at the firm level. We find support for all predicted relationships except for a direct relationship between labor market flexibility and performance: Strong formal institutional pressure (low labor market flexibility) increases the positive financial impact of HPWP. Strong informal institutional pressure (high labor market efficiency) affects the financial performance of businesses directly and positively, and also indirectly by increasing the positive effect of HPWP on financial performance. We conclude that companies seeking the most financially-rewarding approach to human resource management (HRM) should engage in HPWP, encourage the local population to Contemporary Management Research 248 expect and value such practices (e.g., by promoting women’s rights), and, counterintuitively, encourage more government regulation of business around HRM practices.","PeriodicalId":36973,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Management Research","volume":"15 1","pages":"247-272"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43146813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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