Pub Date : 2023-12-18DOI: 10.55003/cast.2023.258799
Ngoc Thi Minh Ta, Nguyen Hong Ngan, Pham Thi Lan
Tuna (Thunnus spp.) is a significant commodity within the fishing industry. However, up to half of the total tuna weight ends up as waste, including tuna heads, which contain valuable nutrients such as protein, polyunsaturated fatty acids, enzymes, minerals, and trace elements. The purpose of this study was to investigate an environmentally sustainable approach for tuna head processing by yeast cultivation. The oleaginous yeast Yarrowia lipolytica was successfully cultured on tuna head protein hydrolysate and the effects of culture conditions including inoculum size, hydrolysate pH and incubation volume on nutrition utilization and on yeast growth were investigated. Y. lipolytica showed good biomass accumulation when cultured on tuna head protein hydrolysates. The yeast biomass increased with decreasing incubation volume and reached 8.6 g/L. The yeast also showed the ability to reduce up to 83.7% of hydrolysate lipid content while remaining 70.7% of nitrogen content. The culture conditions had more effect on lipid reduction than on nitrogen reduction and a good correlation between the specific growth rate and lipid reduction was observed. The yeast biomass was 64.0% in protein content and 9.6% in lipid content, without optimization. The investigation results demonstrated the potential improvement of tuna head utilization as well as the potential application of yeast biomass cultivation.
{"title":"Investigation of the Yeast Yarrowia lipolytica Cultivation on Tuna Head Protein Hydrolysate","authors":"Ngoc Thi Minh Ta, Nguyen Hong Ngan, Pham Thi Lan","doi":"10.55003/cast.2023.258799","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55003/cast.2023.258799","url":null,"abstract":"Tuna (Thunnus spp.) is a significant commodity within the fishing industry. However, up to half of the total tuna weight ends up as waste, including tuna heads, which contain valuable nutrients such as protein, polyunsaturated fatty acids, enzymes, minerals, and trace elements. The purpose of this study was to investigate an environmentally sustainable approach for tuna head processing by yeast cultivation. The oleaginous yeast Yarrowia lipolytica was successfully cultured on tuna head protein hydrolysate and the effects of culture conditions including inoculum size, hydrolysate pH and incubation volume on nutrition utilization and on yeast growth were investigated. Y. lipolytica showed good biomass accumulation when cultured on tuna head protein hydrolysates. The yeast biomass increased with decreasing incubation volume and reached 8.6 g/L. The yeast also showed the ability to reduce up to 83.7% of hydrolysate lipid content while remaining 70.7% of nitrogen content. The culture conditions had more effect on lipid reduction than on nitrogen reduction and a good correlation between the specific growth rate and lipid reduction was observed. The yeast biomass was 64.0% in protein content and 9.6% in lipid content, without optimization. The investigation results demonstrated the potential improvement of tuna head utilization as well as the potential application of yeast biomass cultivation.","PeriodicalId":36974,"journal":{"name":"Current Applied Science and Technology","volume":"124 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139174241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-18DOI: 10.55003/cast.2023.258364
Mc Jervis Soltura Villaruel, Ma. Vivian Dela Cruz Camacho
Tadlac Lake was heavily used for aquaculture until the late 1990s which resulted in a deterioration of its water quality. Aquaculture operations were banned to rehabilitate the lake after a massive fish kill in 1999. However, no thorough assessment of the rehabilitation's effectiveness has been conducted. In order to assess the success of the rehabilitation efforts, this study evaluated the lake's trophic status through study of its zooplankton community and physical-chemical parameters. Zooplankton samples and physical-chemical parameters were collected once a month from October 2017 to March 2018. Overall, 25 zooplankton species were documented during the sampling period. Rotifera dominated the zooplankton community with a relative density of 46.19%, followed by Copepoda (36.70%) and Cladocera (17.11%). Eutrophic indicator species Brachionus forficula had the highest density among the zooplankton taxa, followed by Keratella tropica and Brachionus havanaensis. Significant variation in zooplankton density was documented over the sampling period (p<0.05). Cluster analysis and analysis of similarities (ANOSIM) showed variation in the zooplankton density across the sampling months. Similarity percentage (SIMPER) revealed that the differences in plankton density were due to the densities of the most abundant taxa. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) showed that the zooplankton community was highly influenced by dissolved oxygen, conductivity, pH, biological oxygen demand, and temperature. The high density of the eutrophic indicator zooplankton species and the nutrient concentration of the lake indicated that Tadlac lake was still under eutrophic conditions. Biotic indices further confirmed that the lake was experiencing eutrophic conditions with moderate organic pollution. Therefore, additional approaches are necessary to effectively control the nutrient enrichment in the lake to improve its condition.
{"title":"Zooplankton Community as Indicator of Trophic Status of Lake Tadlac in Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines","authors":"Mc Jervis Soltura Villaruel, Ma. Vivian Dela Cruz Camacho","doi":"10.55003/cast.2023.258364","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55003/cast.2023.258364","url":null,"abstract":"Tadlac Lake was heavily used for aquaculture until the late 1990s which resulted in a deterioration of its water quality. Aquaculture operations were banned to rehabilitate the lake after a massive fish kill in 1999. However, no thorough assessment of the rehabilitation's effectiveness has been conducted. In order to assess the success of the rehabilitation efforts, this study evaluated the lake's trophic status through study of its zooplankton community and physical-chemical parameters. Zooplankton samples and physical-chemical parameters were collected once a month from October 2017 to March 2018. Overall, 25 zooplankton species were documented during the sampling period. Rotifera dominated the zooplankton community with a relative density of 46.19%, followed by Copepoda (36.70%) and Cladocera (17.11%). Eutrophic indicator species Brachionus forficula had the highest density among the zooplankton taxa, followed by Keratella tropica and Brachionus havanaensis. Significant variation in zooplankton density was documented over the sampling period (p<0.05). Cluster analysis and analysis of similarities (ANOSIM) showed variation in the zooplankton density across the sampling months. Similarity percentage (SIMPER) revealed that the differences in plankton density were due to the densities of the most abundant taxa. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) showed that the zooplankton community was highly influenced by dissolved oxygen, conductivity, pH, biological oxygen demand, and temperature. The high density of the eutrophic indicator zooplankton species and the nutrient concentration of the lake indicated that Tadlac lake was still under eutrophic conditions. Biotic indices further confirmed that the lake was experiencing eutrophic conditions with moderate organic pollution. Therefore, additional approaches are necessary to effectively control the nutrient enrichment in the lake to improve its condition.","PeriodicalId":36974,"journal":{"name":"Current Applied Science and Technology","volume":" 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138964474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-14DOI: 10.55003/cast.2023.255872
Wiphoo Methachawalit, P. Chongstitvatana
Quantum Fourier Transform (QFT) is an essential algorithm for quantum computers. There are many uses of QFT in the application of quantum computing. In this work, we proposed a generalized adder circuit that was fundamental for QFT. We designed and ran the experiments with the proposed adder circuit on an IBM quantum computer facility. We observed that the number of qubits was one factor in the error rate. We found that our proposed two-qubits adder circuit running on the IBM quantum computer had an error rate of around 25%. The complexity of the adder circuit includes qubit connectivity, physical devices, and error from noise due to the environment. We demonstrated the constraints of the proposed adder circuit.
量子傅里叶变换（QFT）是量子计算机的基本算法。量子傅立叶变换在量子计算的应用中有很多用途。在这项工作中，我们提出了一种通用加法器电路，它是量子傅立叶变换的基础。我们在 IBM 量子计算机设备上设计并运行了所提出的加法器电路。我们观察到，量子比特的数量是影响错误率的一个因素。我们发现，我们提出的双量子比特加法器电路在 IBM 量子计算机上运行时，错误率约为 25%。加法器电路的复杂性包括量子比特连接、物理设备和环境噪声造成的误差。我们演示了所提出的加法器电路的约束条件。
{"title":"Understand Noise on Universal Quantum Adder Circuit","authors":"Wiphoo Methachawalit, P. Chongstitvatana","doi":"10.55003/cast.2023.255872","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55003/cast.2023.255872","url":null,"abstract":"Quantum Fourier Transform (QFT) is an essential algorithm for quantum computers. There are many uses of QFT in the application of quantum computing. In this work, we proposed a generalized adder circuit that was fundamental for QFT. We designed and ran the experiments with the proposed adder circuit on an IBM quantum computer facility. We observed that the number of qubits was one factor in the error rate. We found that our proposed two-qubits adder circuit running on the IBM quantum computer had an error rate of around 25%. The complexity of the adder circuit includes qubit connectivity, physical devices, and error from noise due to the environment. We demonstrated the constraints of the proposed adder circuit.","PeriodicalId":36974,"journal":{"name":"Current Applied Science and Technology","volume":"12 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138972246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Air pollutants, particularly particulate matter with a diameter of less than 2.5 microns (PM2.5), have been linked to a number of negative climatic and health effects, including irritation and damage to internal organs in the short and long term. Knowing current and future levels of PM2.5 is therefore crucial for both public health and environmental management. Photos of the sky and buildings can aid in assessing visibility and air quality because PM2.5 alters the appearance of the sky and its surroundings. This research proposes a method that employs digital images to not only estimate but also forecast PM2.5 concentration levels using deep learning technologies. A convolutional neural network (CNN) was used as the base layer to automatically extract image features, while a long short-term memory (LSTM) network was used as the output layer to analyze the sequence of features. The sky and its surroundings were captured hourly from a high-rise building in Bangkok, Thailand, and the ground-truth PM2.5 data were obtained from the nearest monitoring station facing the same direction. The experimental results show that the hybrid CNN and LSTM model outperformed conventional CNN models in estimating and forecasting PM2.5 levels by 5% and 30%, respectively.
{"title":"Visually Estimating and Forecasting PM2.5 Levels Using Hybrid Architecture Deep Neural Network","authors":"Sirisup Laohakiat, Songpon Klerkkidakan, Nuwee Wiwatwattana","doi":"10.55003/cast.2023.258074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55003/cast.2023.258074","url":null,"abstract":"Air pollutants, particularly particulate matter with a diameter of less than 2.5 microns (PM2.5), have been linked to a number of negative climatic and health effects, including irritation and damage to internal organs in the short and long term. Knowing current and future levels of PM2.5 is therefore crucial for both public health and environmental management. Photos of the sky and buildings can aid in assessing visibility and air quality because PM2.5 alters the appearance of the sky and its surroundings. This research proposes a method that employs digital images to not only estimate but also forecast PM2.5 concentration levels using deep learning technologies. A convolutional neural network (CNN) was used as the base layer to automatically extract image features, while a long short-term memory (LSTM) network was used as the output layer to analyze the sequence of features. The sky and its surroundings were captured hourly from a high-rise building in Bangkok, Thailand, and the ground-truth PM2.5 data were obtained from the nearest monitoring station facing the same direction. The experimental results show that the hybrid CNN and LSTM model outperformed conventional CNN models in estimating and forecasting PM2.5 levels by 5% and 30%, respectively.","PeriodicalId":36974,"journal":{"name":"Current Applied Science and Technology","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138973154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-22DOI: 10.55003/cast.2023.257479
Soufiane Elmegdar, R. Elkheloui, A. Laktib, R. Mimouni, Fatima Hamadi
Despite the availability of numerous antibacterial treatments, infectious diseases caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria remain a significant public health threat and are rapidly becoming the leading cause of global mortality. The emergence of multidrug resistance is due to the extensive use of high-dose antibiotics. Additionally, biofilm is another barrier to effective disease treatment because bacteria trapped in biofilm can resist antimicrobial agents. Therefore, the development of new strategies to combat multidrug-resistant bacteria and biofilm-associated infections is urgently needed. This is why special attention has been given to a recent area, "nanotechnology". Nanoparticles could be a source of hope for this problem as they can not only eliminate biofilms, but also interfere with quorum sensing (QS). Several studies have highlighted the advantages of biosynthesis over physiochemical synthesis of nanoparticles. These biologically synthesized nanoparticles demand special attention since this green technology combines energy and cost efficiency with environmental friendliness. This review summarizes the use of biological nanoparticles as biofilm and QS-inhibitors to combat biofilm-associated infections.
{"title":"Antibiofilm and Anti-quorum Sensing Activities of Biological Nanoparticles","authors":"Soufiane Elmegdar, R. Elkheloui, A. Laktib, R. Mimouni, Fatima Hamadi","doi":"10.55003/cast.2023.257479","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55003/cast.2023.257479","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the availability of numerous antibacterial treatments, infectious diseases caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria remain a significant public health threat and are rapidly becoming the leading cause of global mortality. The emergence of multidrug resistance is due to the extensive use of high-dose antibiotics. Additionally, biofilm is another barrier to effective disease treatment because bacteria trapped in biofilm can resist antimicrobial agents. Therefore, the development of new strategies to combat multidrug-resistant bacteria and biofilm-associated infections is urgently needed. This is why special attention has been given to a recent area, \"nanotechnology\". Nanoparticles could be a source of hope for this problem as they can not only eliminate biofilms, but also interfere with quorum sensing (QS). Several studies have highlighted the advantages of biosynthesis over physiochemical synthesis of nanoparticles. These biologically synthesized nanoparticles demand special attention since this green technology combines energy and cost efficiency with environmental friendliness. This review summarizes the use of biological nanoparticles as biofilm and QS-inhibitors to combat biofilm-associated infections.","PeriodicalId":36974,"journal":{"name":"Current Applied Science and Technology","volume":"123 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139249404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This work describes a simple method for the simultaneous measurement of urinary albumin, creatinine and uric acid using a standard addition approach on a microfluidic paper-based analytical device (µPAD). Hydrophobic barrier of the µPAD was created by stamping indelible ink onto a filter paper. The µPAD was designed with a flower-liked configuration. After aliquoting urine to a central sample zone, the sample flowed to ten surrounding channels, namely “the inner channels”, where the blank (water) or standard solutions had been added. The inner channels were connected to circular reagent zones where reagents had been immobilized. Tetrabromophenolphthalein ethyl ester, alkaline picrate, and a mixed solution of ferric chloride and ferric cyanide were used as the chromogenic reagents for the colorimetric detections of albumin, creatinine, and uric acid, respectively. Each reagent zone was linked with a circular detection zone through a second channel, namely “the outer channels”. The blue-, orange- and greenish-blue colored products were observed in the detection zones for the measurement of albumin, creatinine, and uric acid, correspondingly. A digital image of the µPAD was captured with a mobile phone. The color intensities were evaluated by ImageJTM and were employed for the quantitative analyses. The standard addition calibrations were found to be linear (r2 > 0.99) for the spiked analyte concentrations up to 100 mg L-1 albumin, 1000 mg L-1 creatinine, and 50 mg dL-1 uric acid. The paper platform provided high precision (RSD < 5 %) and good analytical recovery (91.8-109.7 %). Under paired t-test, the results obtained by the developed µPAD and the validating methods were not significantly different at 95 % confidence (albumin: tstat = -0.130, tcri = 3.182, creatinine: tstat = -0.133, tcri = 3.182, and uric acid: tstat = 1.119, tcri = 3.182).
{"title":"A Microfluidic Paper-based Analytical Device for Simultaneous Measurement of Albumin, Creatinine and Uric Acid in Urine based on Standard Addition Method","authors":"Wannakan Wisaichon, Nathawut Choengchan, Wiboon Praditweangkum","doi":"10.55003/cast.2023.259364","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55003/cast.2023.259364","url":null,"abstract":"This work describes a simple method for the simultaneous measurement of urinary albumin, creatinine and uric acid using a standard addition approach on a microfluidic paper-based analytical device (µPAD). Hydrophobic barrier of the µPAD was created by stamping indelible ink onto a filter paper. The µPAD was designed with a flower-liked configuration. After aliquoting urine to a central sample zone, the sample flowed to ten surrounding channels, namely “the inner channels”, where the blank (water) or standard solutions had been added. The inner channels were connected to circular reagent zones where reagents had been immobilized. Tetrabromophenolphthalein ethyl ester, alkaline picrate, and a mixed solution of ferric chloride and ferric cyanide were used as the chromogenic reagents for the colorimetric detections of albumin, creatinine, and uric acid, respectively. Each reagent zone was linked with a circular detection zone through a second channel, namely “the outer channels”. The blue-, orange- and greenish-blue colored products were observed in the detection zones for the measurement of albumin, creatinine, and uric acid, correspondingly. A digital image of the µPAD was captured with a mobile phone. The color intensities were evaluated by ImageJTM and were employed for the quantitative analyses. The standard addition calibrations were found to be linear (r2 > 0.99) for the spiked analyte concentrations up to 100 mg L-1 albumin, 1000 mg L-1 creatinine, and 50 mg dL-1 uric acid. The paper platform provided high precision (RSD < 5 %) and good analytical recovery (91.8-109.7 %). Under paired t-test, the results obtained by the developed µPAD and the validating methods were not significantly different at 95 % confidence (albumin: tstat = -0.130, tcri = 3.182, creatinine: tstat = -0.133, tcri = 3.182, and uric acid: tstat = 1.119, tcri = 3.182).","PeriodicalId":36974,"journal":{"name":"Current Applied Science and Technology","volume":"109 19","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135138269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lichens have been inadequately studied for their medicinal value though recent studies have established them as potential sources of bioactive compounds that show antimicrobial, anticancer, antioxidant and neuroprotective properties. Ethnobotanical studies have shown that Pseudocyphellaria aurata, Usnea bismolliuscula, Usnea longissimi, Xanthoparmelia conspersa, Sulcaria sulcate and Solorina crocea have been used by humans since ancient times as a part of their folk wisdom. Recent studies have shown that metabolites from lichens show promising bioactive properties. This review focuses on the necessity for utilizing a modern biotechnology-based approach for elucidating the role and unrealized potential of lichens. Technologies such as genomics, metagenomics, and proteomics have been applied to a far lesser extent in lichens, but the limited studies have revealed the unrealized potential of lichens in modern therapeutics. We attempt to provide a broad overview of the known and unknown in lichen research – ranging from the metabolite production pathways to the genomics and metagenomics, and further to the proteomics and transcriptomics of lichens, the threads of which need to be pieced together to provide a roadmap for further studies.
{"title":"Biotechnology-based Profiling of Lichens and Their Metabolites for Therapeutic Applications","authors":"Priyansh Srivastava, Indira Partha Sarethy","doi":"10.55003/cast.256497","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55003/cast.256497","url":null,"abstract":"Lichens have been inadequately studied for their medicinal value though recent studies have established them as potential sources of bioactive compounds that show antimicrobial, anticancer, antioxidant and neuroprotective properties. Ethnobotanical studies have shown that Pseudocyphellaria aurata, Usnea bismolliuscula, Usnea longissimi, Xanthoparmelia conspersa, Sulcaria sulcate and Solorina crocea have been used by humans since ancient times as a part of their folk wisdom. Recent studies have shown that metabolites from lichens show promising bioactive properties. This review focuses on the necessity for utilizing a modern biotechnology-based approach for elucidating the role and unrealized potential of lichens. Technologies such as genomics, metagenomics, and proteomics have been applied to a far lesser extent in lichens, but the limited studies have revealed the unrealized potential of lichens in modern therapeutics. We attempt to provide a broad overview of the known and unknown in lichen research – ranging from the metabolite production pathways to the genomics and metagenomics, and further to the proteomics and transcriptomics of lichens, the threads of which need to be pieced together to provide a roadmap for further studies.","PeriodicalId":36974,"journal":{"name":"Current Applied Science and Technology","volume":"108 50","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135138282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-10DOI: 10.55003/cast.2023.258560
Shaymaa Ali Al-Hamami, Habiba Khdair Abdalsada, Hadi Hassan Hadi, Ameer Al-Isa, Hussein Kadhem Al-Hakeim
End-stage renal disease (ESRD) is associated with changes in serum biomarkers. However, except for the renal function test, there is no definite useful biomarker correlated with the disease and its consequences, such as insulin resistance (IR). In the present study, matrix metalloproteinases-3 (MMP3) and its inhibitor, the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP1) were examined and correlated with IR parameters. MMP3, TIMP1, renal function tests, and IR parameters were measured in 60 ESRD patients and the results were compared with thirty healthy controls. After controlling for all cofounders, ESRD patients showed a substantial rise in serum MMP3, glucose, insulin, and beta-cell function percentage compared to the control group. While the patients had a lower insulin sensitivity percentage when compared to the controls. TIMP1, insulin/glucose ratio, and insulin resistance index did not vary significantly across groups. MMP3 had a strong relationship with serum creatinine, urea, and eGFR. TIMP1 had a strong relationship with height and weight. High serum MMP3 is associated with increased renal function tests and with changes in the IR parameters in ESRD patients.
终末期肾病(ESRD)与血清生物标志物的变化有关。然而，除了肾功能测试，没有明确的有用的生物标志物与疾病及其后果相关，如胰岛素抵抗(IR)。本研究检测了基质金属蛋白酶-3 (matrix metalloproteinases-3, MMP3)及其抑制剂组织金属蛋白酶-1 (tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1, TIMP1)与IR参数的相关性。测定60例ESRD患者的MMP3、TIMP1、肾功能和IR参数，并与30例健康对照进行比较。在对所有联合创始人进行控制后，与对照组相比，ESRD患者的血清MMP3、葡萄糖、胰岛素和β细胞功能百分比大幅上升。而与对照组相比，患者的胰岛素敏感性百分比较低。TIMP1、胰岛素/葡萄糖比、胰岛素抵抗指数各组间无显著差异。MMP3与血清肌酐、尿素和eGFR有密切关系。TIMP1与身高、体重关系密切。高血清MMP3与ESRD患者肾功能试验增加和IR参数改变相关。
{"title":"Serum MMP3 Correlates with Renal Function Tests and Insulin Resistance Parameters in Patients with End-stage Renal Disease","authors":"Shaymaa Ali Al-Hamami, Habiba Khdair Abdalsada, Hadi Hassan Hadi, Ameer Al-Isa, Hussein Kadhem Al-Hakeim","doi":"10.55003/cast.2023.258560","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55003/cast.2023.258560","url":null,"abstract":"End-stage renal disease (ESRD) is associated with changes in serum biomarkers. However, except for the renal function test, there is no definite useful biomarker correlated with the disease and its consequences, such as insulin resistance (IR). In the present study, matrix metalloproteinases-3 (MMP3) and its inhibitor, the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP1) were examined and correlated with IR parameters. MMP3, TIMP1, renal function tests, and IR parameters were measured in 60 ESRD patients and the results were compared with thirty healthy controls. After controlling for all cofounders, ESRD patients showed a substantial rise in serum MMP3, glucose, insulin, and beta-cell function percentage compared to the control group. While the patients had a lower insulin sensitivity percentage when compared to the controls. TIMP1, insulin/glucose ratio, and insulin resistance index did not vary significantly across groups. MMP3 had a strong relationship with serum creatinine, urea, and eGFR. TIMP1 had a strong relationship with height and weight. High serum MMP3 is associated with increased renal function tests and with changes in the IR parameters in ESRD patients.","PeriodicalId":36974,"journal":{"name":"Current Applied Science and Technology","volume":"107 49","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135138150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-09DOI: 10.55003/cast.2023.258350
M. Rifqi Efendi, Amri Bakhtiar, Mesa Sukmadani Rusdi, Deddi Prima Putra
Elephantopus scaber Linn. and E. mollis Kunth. are medicinal plant that are traditionally used in Indonesia. This research aimed to determine and compare the antibacterial activity of leaf, stem, and root extracts of the two Elephantopus species against various pathogen bacteria strains. The leaves, stem, and roots of E. scaber Linn. and E. mollis Kunth. were extracted using a Soxhlet apparatus. The disk diffusion method for screening antibacterial activity was conducted with a concentration of 50 mg/mL. The activities of the extracts were determined by Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) assay using broth microdilution method at a concentration range of 2500 to 1.2 µg/mL against nine human pathogenic bacteria. The results showed that all tested extracts demonstrated antibacterial activitied at varying degrees on all pathogen bacteria strains used in this study. The n-hexane and ethyl acetate extracts from both plants were potent antibacterials with MIC values of 19-156 µg/mL against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25 175, Vibrio cholerae Inaba, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853. The present study also revealed that among the bacteria tested, S. mutans ATCC 25175 was the most susceptible to antibacterial properties of E. scaber Linn. and E. mollis Kunth., especially in ethyl acetate fractions (MIC 19 and 39 µg/mL, respectively). The findings suggested that the leaves of both plants hold promise as sustainable bioresources for the development of antibacterial agents. Additionally, ethyl acetate and n-hexane extracts were found to be particularly effective for obtaining natural antibacterial agents from these plants. However, further optimization of the extraction process is needed.
{"title":"Comparative Study of Antibacterial Activity of Elephantopus scaber Linn. and Elephantopus mollis Kunth. Extract","authors":"M. Rifqi Efendi, Amri Bakhtiar, Mesa Sukmadani Rusdi, Deddi Prima Putra","doi":"10.55003/cast.2023.258350","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55003/cast.2023.258350","url":null,"abstract":"Elephantopus scaber Linn. and E. mollis Kunth. are medicinal plant that are traditionally used in Indonesia. This research aimed to determine and compare the antibacterial activity of leaf, stem, and root extracts of the two Elephantopus species against various pathogen bacteria strains. The leaves, stem, and roots of E. scaber Linn. and E. mollis Kunth. were extracted using a Soxhlet apparatus. The disk diffusion method for screening antibacterial activity was conducted with a concentration of 50 mg/mL. The activities of the extracts were determined by Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) assay using broth microdilution method at a concentration range of 2500 to 1.2 µg/mL against nine human pathogenic bacteria. The results showed that all tested extracts demonstrated antibacterial activitied at varying degrees on all pathogen bacteria strains used in this study. The n-hexane and ethyl acetate extracts from both plants were potent antibacterials with MIC values of 19-156 µg/mL against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25 175, Vibrio cholerae Inaba, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853. The present study also revealed that among the bacteria tested, S. mutans ATCC 25175 was the most susceptible to antibacterial properties of E. scaber Linn. and E. mollis Kunth., especially in ethyl acetate fractions (MIC 19 and 39 µg/mL, respectively). The findings suggested that the leaves of both plants hold promise as sustainable bioresources for the development of antibacterial agents. Additionally, ethyl acetate and n-hexane extracts were found to be particularly effective for obtaining natural antibacterial agents from these plants. However, further optimization of the extraction process is needed.","PeriodicalId":36974,"journal":{"name":"Current Applied Science and Technology","volume":" 12","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135286264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The prevalence of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) in beverage packaging has increased microplastic (MP) accumulation in the environment. MP can become a component of air pollution, especifically of particulate matter with a diameter of less than 2.5 microns (PM2.5). Unfortunately, Thailand has a low recycling rate for plastic bottles, with only 4.5% being recycled. Reverse Vending Machines (RVMs) were introduced in the early 2010s as a potential solution to this problem. RVMs incentivize recycling by providing rewards or refunds for each bottle deposited, thereby reducing the amount of PET waste and MP in the environment. This study analyzed usage and waste collection data from RVMs located at 15 locations of a hypermarket chain in Thailand from June 2020 to December 2022. The results showed that the average PET bottles collected from each machine was approximately 670 kg per year, which was lower than the break-even point of 3,200 kg per year. Economic feasibility indicators also suggested that the use of RVMs might not be economically sound. This study proposed suggestions to improve the business model of RVMs and offered policy recommendations to the government on how to enhance the effectiveness of RVMs.
{"title":"Feasibility of Reverse Vending Machine for PET Bottle Recycling in Case of ABC Hypermarket","authors":"Siripong Jungthawan, Ronnachai Tiyarattanachai, Isara Anantavrasilp","doi":"10.55003/cast.258442","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55003/cast.258442","url":null,"abstract":"The prevalence of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) in beverage packaging has increased microplastic (MP) accumulation in the environment. MP can become a component of air pollution, especifically of particulate matter with a diameter of less than 2.5 microns (PM2.5). Unfortunately, Thailand has a low recycling rate for plastic bottles, with only 4.5% being recycled. Reverse Vending Machines (RVMs) were introduced in the early 2010s as a potential solution to this problem. RVMs incentivize recycling by providing rewards or refunds for each bottle deposited, thereby reducing the amount of PET waste and MP in the environment. This study analyzed usage and waste collection data from RVMs located at 15 locations of a hypermarket chain in Thailand from June 2020 to December 2022. The results showed that the average PET bottles collected from each machine was approximately 670 kg per year, which was lower than the break-even point of 3,200 kg per year. Economic feasibility indicators also suggested that the use of RVMs might not be economically sound. This study proposed suggestions to improve the business model of RVMs and offered policy recommendations to the government on how to enhance the effectiveness of RVMs.","PeriodicalId":36974,"journal":{"name":"Current Applied Science and Technology","volume":" 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135241976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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