Pub Date : 2023-08-29DOI: 10.55003/cast.2023.258161
R. Setiarto, L. Anshory
Bacteriocins are antimicrobial peptide compounds derived from gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Bacteriocins can be cationic, anionic, and neutral. These compounds are synthesized in bacterial ribosomes and have a broad spectrum of activity against pathogenic bacteria. Some bacteriocins from lactic acid bacteria used in the food industry are nisin, diplococcin, acidochilin, bulgarican, helventicin, lactacin, and plantaricin. Bacteriocins produced by Pediococcus spp., which are known as pediocins, can be used as alternative preservatives in the food industry. Another type of bacteriocin is plantaricin, which is produced by a group of gram-positive bacteria, Lactobacillus plantarum, and can inhibit growth and kill a group of gram-negative bacteria that are pathogenic. Bacteriocins derived from lactic acid bacteria and used as biopreservatives have several advantages, namely a) they are not toxic and biodegrade easily because they are protein compounds; b) they do not harm the intestinal microflora because they are easily digested by enzymes in the digestive tract; c) they can reduce the use of chemical food preservatives; and d) they are highly versatile and can be utilized in various forms such as the form of bacteriocin-producing bacterial culture strains or purified or semi-purified bacteriocin compounds.
{"title":"Bacteriocın, Plantaricin and Pediocin Bıosynthesis in Lactic Acid Bacteria, Antimicrobial Mechanism and Applications as Food Preservatives: Review","authors":"R. Setiarto, L. Anshory","doi":"10.55003/cast.2023.258161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55003/cast.2023.258161","url":null,"abstract":"Bacteriocins are antimicrobial peptide compounds derived from gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Bacteriocins can be cationic, anionic, and neutral. These compounds are synthesized in bacterial ribosomes and have a broad spectrum of activity against pathogenic bacteria. Some bacteriocins from lactic acid bacteria used in the food industry are nisin, diplococcin, acidochilin, bulgarican, helventicin, lactacin, and plantaricin. Bacteriocins produced by Pediococcus spp., which are known as pediocins, can be used as alternative preservatives in the food industry. Another type of bacteriocin is plantaricin, which is produced by a group of gram-positive bacteria, Lactobacillus plantarum, and can inhibit growth and kill a group of gram-negative bacteria that are pathogenic. Bacteriocins derived from lactic acid bacteria and used as biopreservatives have several advantages, namely a) they are not toxic and biodegrade easily because they are protein compounds; b) they do not harm the intestinal microflora because they are easily digested by enzymes in the digestive tract; c) they can reduce the use of chemical food preservatives; and d) they are highly versatile and can be utilized in various forms such as the form of bacteriocin-producing bacterial culture strains or purified or semi-purified bacteriocin compounds.","PeriodicalId":36974,"journal":{"name":"Current Applied Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42325576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-27DOI: 10.55003/cast.2023.258372
Nutthakritta Phromviyo, A. Chompoosor, S. Teerasong
Controlling drug release using a nanocomposite method is crucial; however, burst release must be avoided in order to obtain effective controllable drug release. In this study, poly(vinyl) alcohol/polyoxalate/Span-80 (PVA/ POX/ Span-80) composite nanofibers loaded with Rhodamine B were produced using emulsion electrospinning. The objective of this work was to evaluate the cooperative roles of POX and Span-80 on nanofibrous scaffold stability and drug release regulation by monitoring Rhodamine B release performance from electrospun composite nanofibers. The microstructure and hydrophilic properties of the emulsion electrospun nanofibers were studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), water contact angle, and swelling tests. According to the results, increasing the POX content had a significant effect on the size of nanofibers. The water contact angles increased as the POX content increased. The release of Rhodamine B was governed by a two-stage diffusion mechanism that was greatly influenced by PVA/POX ratios and Span-80. To compare release behavior, non-emulsion electrospun nanofibers without Span-80 were prepared as control samples. Emulsion nanofibers were found to release at a slower rate than non-emulsion nanofibers. The in vitro release profiles revealed that Rhodamine B was released from emulsion electrospun fibers in a sustainable manner and that no initial burst release was observed. These findings imply that emulsion electrospun nanofibers can potentially be used to deliver drugs, nutraceuticals, and fragrances in a prolonged manner
{"title":"Influence of a Non-ionic Surfactant on the Release of Rhodamine B from Poly(vinyl) Alcohol/Polyoxalate/Span-80 Composite Nanofibers Prepared by Emulsion Electrospinning","authors":"Nutthakritta Phromviyo, A. Chompoosor, S. Teerasong","doi":"10.55003/cast.2023.258372","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55003/cast.2023.258372","url":null,"abstract":"Controlling drug release using a nanocomposite method is crucial; however, burst release must be avoided in order to obtain effective controllable drug release. In this study, poly(vinyl) alcohol/polyoxalate/Span-80 (PVA/ POX/ Span-80) composite nanofibers loaded with Rhodamine B were produced using emulsion electrospinning. The objective of this work was to evaluate the cooperative roles of POX and Span-80 on nanofibrous scaffold stability and drug release regulation by monitoring Rhodamine B release performance from electrospun composite nanofibers. The microstructure and hydrophilic properties of the emulsion electrospun nanofibers were studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), water contact angle, and swelling tests. According to the results, increasing the POX content had a significant effect on the size of nanofibers. The water contact angles increased as the POX content increased. The release of Rhodamine B was governed by a two-stage diffusion mechanism that was greatly influenced by PVA/POX ratios and Span-80. To compare release behavior, non-emulsion electrospun nanofibers without Span-80 were prepared as control samples. Emulsion nanofibers were found to release at a slower rate than non-emulsion nanofibers. The in vitro release profiles revealed that Rhodamine B was released from emulsion electrospun fibers in a sustainable manner and that no initial burst release was observed. These findings imply that emulsion electrospun nanofibers can potentially be used to deliver drugs, nutraceuticals, and fragrances in a prolonged manner","PeriodicalId":36974,"journal":{"name":"Current Applied Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47334292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-09DOI: 10.55003/cast.2023.254564
R. Jino Affrald
The success of the agricultural sector is crucial to the whole world's prosperity. Reducing hunger and poverty and enhancing food security and nutrition have all made great strides in recent decades. Improvements in resource efficiency and food safety brought about by productivity and technical gains have not been shared fairly. Fortunately, it is possible to reduce the adverse effects of the current global food production system on the environment and climate with the aid of technological advancements. Nanotechnology can be integrated into the agricultural sciences as "nano agriculture", to provide solutions that are more accurately boost production without negatively impacting the environment. Among a range of nanoparticles, graphene oxide (GO) has found diverse application in electronics, optics, medicine, and supercapacitors. Due to its adaptability, it is also crucial in many critical biological contexts. Graphene oxide has a range of potential uses in industries as diverse as agriculture, technology, and food production. Nanoencapsulation of nutrients, smart-release systems, novel packaging, smart water treatment systems for various kinds of microorganisms and pollutants, pesticide and insecticide detection and analysis, and other kinds of detection systems are all possible applications of this versatile material. It may also be a part of fertilizer or used as a plant growth stimulant. In the GO market, yield is a major concern. With so much focus on graphene, it is essential to produce GO nanoparticles in large quantities. A possible method for industrial-scale graphene manufacturing is the oxidative exfoliation of graphite. This review outlines few cost effective strategies to mass-produce GO for use in agriculture.
{"title":"Large-scale Production and Application of Graphene Oxide Nanoparticles to Meet Agriculture Needs","authors":"R. Jino Affrald","doi":"10.55003/cast.2023.254564","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55003/cast.2023.254564","url":null,"abstract":"The success of the agricultural sector is crucial to the whole world's prosperity. Reducing hunger and poverty and enhancing food security and nutrition have all made great strides in recent decades. Improvements in resource efficiency and food safety brought about by productivity and technical gains have not been shared fairly. Fortunately, it is possible to reduce the adverse effects of the current global food production system on the environment and climate with the aid of technological advancements. Nanotechnology can be integrated into the agricultural sciences as \"nano agriculture\", to provide solutions that are more accurately boost production without negatively impacting the environment. Among a range of nanoparticles, graphene oxide (GO) has found diverse application in electronics, optics, medicine, and supercapacitors. Due to its adaptability, it is also crucial in many critical biological contexts. Graphene oxide has a range of potential uses in industries as diverse as agriculture, technology, and food production. Nanoencapsulation of nutrients, smart-release systems, novel packaging, smart water treatment systems for various kinds of microorganisms and pollutants, pesticide and insecticide detection and analysis, and other kinds of detection systems are all possible applications of this versatile material. It may also be a part of fertilizer or used as a plant growth stimulant. In the GO market, yield is a major concern. With so much focus on graphene, it is essential to produce GO nanoparticles in large quantities. A possible method for industrial-scale graphene manufacturing is the oxidative exfoliation of graphite. This review outlines few cost effective strategies to mass-produce GO for use in agriculture.","PeriodicalId":36974,"journal":{"name":"Current Applied Science and Technology","volume":"136 21","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41265024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-09DOI: 10.55003/cast.2023.255758
K. Viboonkit, W. Boonmee, Chayanin Thotsagotphairee, P. Tavitchasri, Thiamphop Kanloung
Rastrelliger brachysoma, a short mackerel, is a significant pelagic fish that is common in the fisheries in the Gulf of Thailand. The management of fish stocks is a prerequisite for fish conservation strategies and profitable fisheries. Morphological character differences between stocks of species provide a method for identifying fish stocks. This study was aimed to identify stock population of short mackerel in the Upper and Middle Gulf of Thailand. The fish specimens were collected from four different locations: Chonburi and Prachuap Khiri Khan (central provinces of Thailand), Chumphon and Surat Thani (southern provinces of Thailand). Twelve morphometric characters of fish were assessed to determine the stock populations by stepwise discriminant analysis. The results showed that 12 morphometric characters were significantly different among the four populations. In the discriminant function analysis, the first function explained 61.30% of total variations, whereas the 2nd and 3rd functions were 26.50% and 12.20%, respectively. The characters included total length, standard length, folk length, head length, post – orbital length, pre – dorsal length, pre – pelvic length, 1st dorsal to 2nd dorsal length, pelvic to anal length, pre – anal length, head depth, and greatest depth, all of which can be used to differentiate these populations. According to the results of the discriminant analysis, the populations of short mackerel were predicted and subsequently classified with an accuracy rate of 54.88%.
{"title":"Stock Identification of Short Mackerel (Rastrelliger brachysoma) in the Upper and Middle Gulf of Thailand by Morphological Characters","authors":"K. Viboonkit, W. Boonmee, Chayanin Thotsagotphairee, P. Tavitchasri, Thiamphop Kanloung","doi":"10.55003/cast.2023.255758","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55003/cast.2023.255758","url":null,"abstract":"Rastrelliger brachysoma, a short mackerel, is a significant pelagic fish that is common in the fisheries in the Gulf of Thailand. The management of fish stocks is a prerequisite for fish conservation strategies and profitable fisheries. Morphological character differences between stocks of species provide a method for identifying fish stocks. This study was aimed to identify stock population of short mackerel in the Upper and Middle Gulf of Thailand. The fish specimens were collected from four different locations: Chonburi and Prachuap Khiri Khan (central provinces of Thailand), Chumphon and Surat Thani (southern provinces of Thailand). Twelve morphometric characters of fish were assessed to determine the stock populations by stepwise discriminant analysis. The results showed that 12 morphometric characters were significantly different among the four populations. In the discriminant function analysis, the first function explained 61.30% of total variations, whereas the 2nd and 3rd functions were 26.50% and 12.20%, respectively. The characters included total length, standard length, folk length, head length, post – orbital length, pre – dorsal length, pre – pelvic length, 1st dorsal to 2nd dorsal length, pelvic to anal length, pre – anal length, head depth, and greatest depth, all of which can be used to differentiate these populations. According to the results of the discriminant analysis, the populations of short mackerel were predicted and subsequently classified with an accuracy rate of 54.88%.","PeriodicalId":36974,"journal":{"name":"Current Applied Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48808096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-09DOI: 10.55003/cast.2023.257011
Val Irvin F. Mabayo, Ronald L. Orale
Dyeing industries, including textiles, dyestuffs, printing, leather, and plastics industries have significantly contributed to water pollution by releasing untreated wastewater tainted with dyes into our water bodies. Discharging such wastewater can severely impact both humans and the ecosystem; therefore, treatment is essential before its release. Adsorption, one of the most effective methods for removing various colors from a water system, has gained significant attention due to its simplicity, ease of operation, simple designs, and cost-effectiveness. Agricultural biomass has emerged as a promising adsorbent for removing dyes from wastewater due to its advantages, such as sustainability, cost-effectiveness, accessibility, and environmental friendliness. This article examines various reports on different agricultural biomass adsorbent removal efficiency and adsorptive capacity. The challenges associated with the use of agricultural-based adsorbents and the prospects for future research in this area are also discussed. The findings of this review provide essential insights into the potential of agricultural biomass adsorbents to address the issue of dye-contaminated wastewater, and their role in sustainable development. Keywords: agricultural biomass; adsorbent; dye; dye-contaminated wastewater; adsorption *Corresponding author: Tel.: (+63)-916-927-6342 E-mail: valmabayo@gmail.com
{"title":"Agricultural-based Biomass as an Efficient Adsorbent in the Removal of Dyes in Dye-contaminated Wastewater: A Mini Review","authors":"Val Irvin F. Mabayo, Ronald L. Orale","doi":"10.55003/cast.2023.257011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55003/cast.2023.257011","url":null,"abstract":"Dyeing industries, including textiles, dyestuffs, printing, leather, and plastics industries have significantly contributed to water pollution by releasing untreated wastewater tainted with dyes into our water bodies. Discharging such wastewater can severely impact both humans and the ecosystem; therefore, treatment is essential before its release. Adsorption, one of the most effective methods for removing various colors from a water system, has gained significant attention due to its simplicity, ease of operation, simple designs, and cost-effectiveness. Agricultural biomass has emerged as a promising adsorbent for removing dyes from wastewater due to its advantages, such as sustainability, cost-effectiveness, accessibility, and environmental friendliness. This article examines various reports on different agricultural biomass adsorbent removal efficiency and adsorptive capacity. The challenges associated with the use of agricultural-based adsorbents and the prospects for future research in this area are also discussed. The findings of this review provide essential insights into the potential of agricultural biomass adsorbents to address the issue of dye-contaminated wastewater, and their role in sustainable development.\u0000Keywords: agricultural biomass; adsorbent; dye; dye-contaminated wastewater; adsorption\u0000*Corresponding author: Tel.: (+63)-916-927-6342\u0000 E-mail: valmabayo@gmail.com","PeriodicalId":36974,"journal":{"name":"Current Applied Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42083883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-09DOI: 10.55003/cast.2023.257626
W. Chankaew, Uraiwan Phetkul, Rawinipa Srimoon
This research is the first to evaluate brittle wort (Chara corallina) extract for phytochemical content and inhibitory effects against a-glucosidase and a-amylase activities. An ethanolic extract of C. corallina had the strongest enzyme inhibitory effect. The inhibition efficiencies of all extracts against a-amylase were more potent than those against a-glucosidase, with IC50 values of 8.43±0.18 mg/mL against a-glucosidase and 1.78±0.07 against a-amylase. Inhibition efficiency was related to total phenolic content, DPPH radical scavenging activity, ATBS radical scavenging activity and metal-chelation activity of the extracts. Phytochemical screening of the ethanolic extract demonstrated the presence of the triterpenoid β-sitosterol. These findings provide useful supporting data for further applications of C. corallina extract.
{"title":"Phytochemicals, α-glucosidase and α-amylase Inhibitory Efficiency of Brittle Wort (Chara corallina) Extract","authors":"W. Chankaew, Uraiwan Phetkul, Rawinipa Srimoon","doi":"10.55003/cast.2023.257626","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55003/cast.2023.257626","url":null,"abstract":"This research is the first to evaluate brittle wort (Chara corallina) extract for phytochemical content and inhibitory effects against a-glucosidase and a-amylase activities. An ethanolic extract of C. corallina had the strongest enzyme inhibitory effect. The inhibition efficiencies of all extracts against a-amylase were more potent than those against a-glucosidase, with IC50 values of 8.43±0.18 mg/mL against a-glucosidase and 1.78±0.07 against a-amylase. Inhibition efficiency was related to total phenolic content, DPPH radical scavenging activity, ATBS radical scavenging activity and metal-chelation activity of the extracts. Phytochemical screening of the ethanolic extract demonstrated the presence of the triterpenoid β-sitosterol. These findings provide useful supporting data for further applications of C. corallina extract.","PeriodicalId":36974,"journal":{"name":"Current Applied Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42996843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-09DOI: 10.55003/cast.2023.257223
Sirirat Kaewsalabnil, Anumart Buewkeaw, Janjarus Watanachote, Supannee Leethochavalit, N. Khongchareonporn
Antibodies are valuable for the detection, identification, and diagnosis of pathogens in many fields, including aquaculture. In this study, we aimed to produce monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against the parasite Perkinsus olseni, isolated from the clam Paphia undulata in Thailand. The mAbs were characterized using dot blotting and immunohistochemistry techniques in order to identify their class and their ability to detect the hypnospores and zoospores of P. olseni. Immunoreactions between the obtained mAbs and P. olseni produced black or grey spots according to the concentration of parasites detected by the mAbs. The quantitative detection thresholds of hypnospores for the two most strongly reactive mAbs were 105 cells/mL (producing grey spots) to 107 cells/mL (producing black spots), and more than 107 cells/mL (grey spots) for zoospores. Both mAbs showed immunoreactivity at the surface of trophozoite cells of P. olseni in infected clam tissues as assessed by immunohistochemistry analysis, indicating that they could be used for the detection and identification of P. olseni infection in commercial Pa. undulata production.
{"title":"Anti Perkinsus olseni Monoclonal Antibody Generation Using Hypnospores as Antigens","authors":"Sirirat Kaewsalabnil, Anumart Buewkeaw, Janjarus Watanachote, Supannee Leethochavalit, N. Khongchareonporn","doi":"10.55003/cast.2023.257223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55003/cast.2023.257223","url":null,"abstract":"Antibodies are valuable for the detection, identification, and diagnosis of pathogens in many fields, including aquaculture. In this study, we aimed to produce monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against the parasite Perkinsus olseni, isolated from the clam Paphia undulata in Thailand. The mAbs were characterized using dot blotting and immunohistochemistry techniques in order to identify their class and their ability to detect the hypnospores and zoospores of P. olseni. Immunoreactions between the obtained mAbs and P. olseni produced black or grey spots according to the concentration of parasites detected by the mAbs. The quantitative detection thresholds of hypnospores for the two most strongly reactive mAbs were 105 cells/mL (producing grey spots) to 107 cells/mL (producing black spots), and more than 107 cells/mL (grey spots) for zoospores. Both mAbs showed immunoreactivity at the surface of trophozoite cells of P. olseni in infected clam tissues as assessed by immunohistochemistry analysis, indicating that they could be used for the detection and identification of P. olseni infection in commercial Pa. undulata production.","PeriodicalId":36974,"journal":{"name":"Current Applied Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49247003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-09DOI: 10.55003/cast.2023.256800
D. Sazonov, Ekaterina Antonova
Flotation wastewater treatment is widely used in various treatment systems. The choice of aeration system plays a considerable role in the development of highly efficient flotation tanks. The objective of this work is to point out factors that influence the choice of flotator type, and to offer recommendations based on literature review and data analysis. In this paper, the various types of aeration systems used in flotation tanks are considered: mechanical, pneumatic, pneumohydraulic and ejection systems as well as dissolved air flotation and electroflotation systems. Their main advantages and disadvantages are pointed out. The specific features of flotation tank constructions are considered. The factors that influence the choice of aeration system such as the parameters of wastewater (pH, conductivity, temperature), requirements for the quality of treated water, reliability and simplicity of maintenance, capital and operating costs are defined. The peculiarities of various aeration system applications in different conditions are revealed. A comparison of the energy consumption of the considered systems of aeration is presented. In conclusion, practical recommendations for the choice of aeration system depending on various factors are offered.
{"title":"Common Issues in Aeration System Choice for Flotation Wastewater Treatment","authors":"D. Sazonov, Ekaterina Antonova","doi":"10.55003/cast.2023.256800","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55003/cast.2023.256800","url":null,"abstract":"Flotation wastewater treatment is widely used in various treatment systems. The choice of aeration system plays a considerable role in the development of highly efficient flotation tanks. The objective of this work is to point out factors that influence the choice of flotator type, and to offer recommendations based on literature review and data analysis. In this paper, the various types of aeration systems used in flotation tanks are considered: mechanical, pneumatic, pneumohydraulic and ejection systems as well as dissolved air flotation and electroflotation systems. Their main advantages and disadvantages are pointed out. The specific features of flotation tank constructions are considered. The factors that influence the choice of aeration system such as the parameters of wastewater (pH, conductivity, temperature), requirements for the quality of treated water, reliability and simplicity of maintenance, capital and operating costs are defined. The peculiarities of various aeration system applications in different conditions are revealed. A comparison of the energy consumption of the considered systems of aeration is presented. In conclusion, practical recommendations for the choice of aeration system depending on various factors are offered.","PeriodicalId":36974,"journal":{"name":"Current Applied Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48015814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.55003/cast.2023.255965
Pawarun Thanasriswad, R. Sakdanuphab, A. Sakulkalavek, Worakrit Worananthakij
Silver ions (Ag+) show promise as excellent antimicrobial agents to inhibit microbial growth on high-touch surfaces. In this study, Ag-doped Cr films were deposited using a DC magnetron sputtering system from a mosaic target. The Cr-Ag mosaic target was a 0.125-inch-thick Cr base (99.95% pure) with different diameters of Ag circle sheets mounted on the Cr target. The sputtering condition was kept at a DC power of 100W, working pressure of 8.3x10-3 mbar with Ar as the sputtering gas, and sputtering times of 15 and 30 min. The antimicrobial activity and efficiency were determined by standard testing (JIS Z 2801: 2000). The antibacterial performance was calculated from the antibacterial inhibition of the Ag-doped Cr films in bacterial solution (Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli) after 24 h. The results showed that the Ag content was between 0.27 at% and 6.11 at% depending on the diameter of Ag and the deposition time. The minimum Ag content of 4.05 at% had an inhibition efficiency of 99.98% (E. coli) and 96.33% (S. aureus). The contact angle testing of Ag-doped Cr films showed hydrophobic behavior with the angle greater than 90 degrees. The optical color of the Ag-doped films was characterized by UV-vis spectroscopy (CIE testing). The film colors were significantly changed by the addition of Ag into the Cr films. The total color difference (DE) increased by 3-10 units compared to the reference chromium film and the Ag doping mainly affected +L* (Lightness). Keywords: sputtering PVD; antibacterial agent; silver; mosaic target; ROS; gram-negative; gram-positive; CIE-L*ab *Corresponding author: Tel.: (+66)934598942 E-mail: 62609006@kmitl.ac.th
{"title":"Effects of Ag-doped Content on Antimicrobial Activity and Substrate Color of Chromium Thin Films Deposited by DC Magnetron Sputtering","authors":"Pawarun Thanasriswad, R. Sakdanuphab, A. Sakulkalavek, Worakrit Worananthakij","doi":"10.55003/cast.2023.255965","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55003/cast.2023.255965","url":null,"abstract":"Silver ions (Ag+) show promise as excellent antimicrobial agents to inhibit microbial growth on high-touch surfaces. In this study, Ag-doped Cr films were deposited using a DC magnetron sputtering system from a mosaic target. The Cr-Ag mosaic target was a 0.125-inch-thick Cr base (99.95% pure) with different diameters of Ag circle sheets mounted on the Cr target. The sputtering condition was kept at a DC power of 100W, working pressure of 8.3x10-3 mbar with Ar as the sputtering gas, and sputtering times of 15 and 30 min. The antimicrobial activity and efficiency were determined by standard testing (JIS Z 2801: 2000). The antibacterial performance was calculated from the antibacterial inhibition of the Ag-doped Cr films in bacterial solution (Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli) after 24 h. The results showed that the Ag content was between 0.27 at% and 6.11 at% depending on the diameter of Ag and the deposition time. The minimum Ag content of 4.05 at% had an inhibition efficiency of 99.98% (E. coli) and 96.33% (S. aureus). The contact angle testing of Ag-doped Cr films showed hydrophobic behavior with the angle greater than 90 degrees. The optical color of the Ag-doped films was characterized by UV-vis spectroscopy (CIE testing). The film colors were significantly changed by the addition of Ag into the Cr films. The total color difference (DE) increased by 3-10 units compared to the reference chromium film and the Ag doping mainly affected +L* (Lightness).\u0000Keywords: sputtering PVD; antibacterial agent; silver; mosaic target; ROS; gram-negative; gram-positive; CIE-L*ab\u0000*Corresponding author: Tel.: (+66)934598942\u0000 E-mail: 62609006@kmitl.ac.th","PeriodicalId":36974,"journal":{"name":"Current Applied Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46538973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.55003/cast.2023.255708
C. Jareanpon, Suchart Khummanee, Patharee Sriputta, Peter Scully
Mushrooms are economically valuable crops of high nutritional value. However, during cultivation they are continually threatened by fungal diseases, even in controlled-condition farm ecosystems. Fungal diseases significantly affect mushroom growth and can rapidly contaminate an entire crop. Farmer inspections can be hazardous to farmer health. This paper contributes an automated fungal disease detection system for the Sajor-caju mushrooms together with an intelligent farm system for precise cultivation environment control. The objective was to create and test a detection system that could detect fungal diseases rapidly, reduce farmer exposure to fungal spores, and alert farmers when fungal disease was detected. The system is composed of three parts: (i) a high-precision environment control system, (ii) an innovative imaging robot system, and (iii) a real-time fungal disease prognosis system using deep learning, with an alarm system. The trial results show that the real-time disease prognosis system has 94.35% precision (89.47% F1-score, n=13,500), and its twice daily inspections detect and report fungal disease typically within 6 to 12 h. The innovative farm’s overall capability for mushroom cultivation (environment control) is regarded as excellent and has precise control (99.6% capability, over 3-months). The innovative imaging robot’s overall operational trial performance is effective (at 99.7%). Moreover, the system effectively notifies farmers via smartphone when a fungal disease is detected.
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