Pub Date : 2023-11-09DOI: 10.55003/cast.2023.254427
None Nitin, Satinder Bal Gupta
Artificial intelligence has been categorized as a subfield of computer science wherein machines perform smart learning tasks with the help of data and statical methods. Agriculture is one of the oldest social activities performed by humans. It provides many crucial things like raw materials, food, and employment. Due to the increasing population, it is the need of the hour that the agriculture sector should increase production of resources to match actual demand. Many agronomic factors such as weeds, pests, water condition and availability, and climate conditions impact overall yield. At present, methods used by farmers for management are traditional and insufficient to meet increased demand. To match future demand, new innovative agriculture methos need to be adopted. Artificial intelligence techniques in smart farm monitoring can enhance the quality and quantity of yield. This paper surveys different areas in agriculture where artificial intelligence is applicable. Artificial intelligence enables farmers to access farm-related data and analytical methods that will foster better agronomy, reduce waste, and improve efficiencies with minimum environmental impact. Various artificial intelligence techniques that make agriculture smarter than its previous forms are discussed. In this paper, the implementation of various artificial intelligence techniques in smart agriculture is studied. The aim of this study is to present different key applications and associated challenges to open up new future opportunities.
{"title":"Artificial Intelligence in Smart Agriculture: Applications and Challenges","authors":"None Nitin, Satinder Bal Gupta","doi":"10.55003/cast.2023.254427","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55003/cast.2023.254427","url":null,"abstract":"Artificial intelligence has been categorized as a subfield of computer science wherein machines perform smart learning tasks with the help of data and statical methods. Agriculture is one of the oldest social activities performed by humans. It provides many crucial things like raw materials, food, and employment. Due to the increasing population, it is the need of the hour that the agriculture sector should increase production of resources to match actual demand. Many agronomic factors such as weeds, pests, water condition and availability, and climate conditions impact overall yield. At present, methods used by farmers for management are traditional and insufficient to meet increased demand. To match future demand, new innovative agriculture methos need to be adopted. Artificial intelligence techniques in smart farm monitoring can enhance the quality and quantity of yield. This paper surveys different areas in agriculture where artificial intelligence is applicable. Artificial intelligence enables farmers to access farm-related data and analytical methods that will foster better agronomy, reduce waste, and improve efficiencies with minimum environmental impact. Various artificial intelligence techniques that make agriculture smarter than its previous forms are discussed. In this paper, the implementation of various artificial intelligence techniques in smart agriculture is studied. The aim of this study is to present different key applications and associated challenges to open up new future opportunities.","PeriodicalId":36974,"journal":{"name":"Current Applied Science and Technology","volume":" 47","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135241978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Potable water plays its role in many fields, including agriculture, energy production, and industries, which increases the demand for potable water in society. In order to meet the need for clean drinking water, desalination and purification play a leading role. When desalination is mentioned, the subject of membrane technology often covers its attention, and in this review, we have discussed membrane-based desalination. Advances in nanotechnology and membrane engineering have provided a new platform for enhanced performance in membrane filtration. The hybrid membranes made from a combination of different nanostructures have yielded high precision and durable membranes which are cost- effective. The membranes that incorporate in nanotechnology cannot only remove very small particles from contaminated water, but also remove sulfate, phosphate, magnesium, and calcium- dissolved compounds with multivalent ions. The nanomembranes are more energy efficient also. The different nano-scale materials used in membrane preparation along with their performance have been discussed. The peaks and valleys of the development of nanomaterials for desalination purpose provide a clear view of the upcoming era of membrane desalination.
{"title":"Desalination and Non-potable Water Remediation Using Nanotechnology Based Membranes - A Review","authors":"Poornima Govindharaj, Agnishwar Girigoswami, Koyeli Girigoswami","doi":"10.55003/cast.2023.256991","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55003/cast.2023.256991","url":null,"abstract":"Potable water plays its role in many fields, including agriculture, energy production, and industries, which increases the demand for potable water in society. In order to meet the need for clean drinking water, desalination and purification play a leading role. When desalination is mentioned, the subject of membrane technology often covers its attention, and in this review, we have discussed membrane-based desalination. Advances in nanotechnology and membrane engineering have provided a new platform for enhanced performance in membrane filtration. The hybrid membranes made from a combination of different nanostructures have yielded high precision and durable membranes which are cost- effective. The membranes that incorporate in nanotechnology cannot only remove very small particles from contaminated water, but also remove sulfate, phosphate, magnesium, and calcium- dissolved compounds with multivalent ions. The nanomembranes are more energy efficient also. The different nano-scale materials used in membrane preparation along with their performance have been discussed. The peaks and valleys of the development of nanomaterials for desalination purpose provide a clear view of the upcoming era of membrane desalination.","PeriodicalId":36974,"journal":{"name":"Current Applied Science and Technology","volume":"54 159","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135821152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Flavones are organic compounds in the flavonoid family that have a diverse range of biological functions. In this research, many flavones with various substituents were designed and synthesized from flavokawains A, B, and C, and their chalcone derivatives via an iodine-catalyzed oxidative cyclization process. All synthetic flavones were investigated for antifungal activities against Rhizoctonia solani, a plant pathogenic fungus. At 400 µg, most of the substances did not inhibit the tested species and R. solani growth was inhibited by only o-bromoflavone (40) by 74.88±0.91%. This indicated that the detrimental effect of flavones depends on the type and position of substituent, with the ortho bromo group showing the most promise. The molecular docking study on the succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) enzyme revealed that the bromophenyl moiety (ring B) is a key molecular substructure of the flavone fungicide. The findings of this study will be used to develop novel plant pathogenic fungicides.
{"title":"Synthesis and Anti-Plant Pathogenic Fungal Activity of Flavokawain-Derived Flavones and Related Flavones Against Rhizoctonia solani","authors":"Panuwat Onnom, Warot Chotpatiwetchkul, Jatuporn Meesin, Pilunthana Thapanapongworakul, Chokchai Kittiwongwattana, Nawasit Chotsaeng","doi":"10.55003/cast.2023.258374","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55003/cast.2023.258374","url":null,"abstract":"Flavones are organic compounds in the flavonoid family that have a diverse range of biological functions. In this research, many flavones with various substituents were designed and synthesized from flavokawains A, B, and C, and their chalcone derivatives via an iodine-catalyzed oxidative cyclization process. All synthetic flavones were investigated for antifungal activities against Rhizoctonia solani, a plant pathogenic fungus. At 400 µg, most of the substances did not inhibit the tested species and R. solani growth was inhibited by only o-bromoflavone (40) by 74.88±0.91%. This indicated that the detrimental effect of flavones depends on the type and position of substituent, with the ortho bromo group showing the most promise. The molecular docking study on the succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) enzyme revealed that the bromophenyl moiety (ring B) is a key molecular substructure of the flavone fungicide. The findings of this study will be used to develop novel plant pathogenic fungicides.","PeriodicalId":36974,"journal":{"name":"Current Applied Science and Technology","volume":"6 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135820430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-03DOI: 10.55003/cast.2023.257237
Raihan Permana Putra, I Ketut Mediartha, M Alfa Daffadhiya Setiawan, Puji Ayu Ningtyas Sujai, Rini Anggi Arista, Rizky Putra Kandi, Syarifah Iis Aisyah, Waras Nurcholis
Purslane (Portulaca grandiflora) is a succulent plant that contains phytochemicals including flavonoids, carotenoids, polyphenolic acids, sterols, and reducing agents. The pharmacological properties of this plant include antioxidant activity, and the plant is used in sore throat and skin rashes medications, and for detoxification purposes. The plant’s secondary metabolite content is influenced by mineral nutrition. The types and amounts of plant secondary metabolites are determined by soil nutrients. Therefore, this research aimed to observe and analyze the NPK fertilizer effect on plant growth, total phenolics, and antioxidant activity in purslane. Purslane planting was carried out by applying NPK fertilizer (doses of 0, 100, 200 and 300 kg/ha) in August-October 2022 at the Green House of the Department of Biochemistry, IPB University, Indonesia. The total number of leaves and branches was found to be highest with 200 kg/ha dose of NPK fertilizer treatment. The highest total phenolic content, 0.7346 mg GAE/g FW, was found for the treatment with 100 kg/ha dose of NPK fertilizer. The highest increase in antioxidant activity was observed in extracts treated with 100 kg/ha (FRAP, CUPRAC) and 200 kg/ha (DPPH, ABTS) of NPK fertilizer. Therefore, applying NPK fertilizer at optimal doses can increase the plant growth, total phenolic content, and antioxidant activity of purslane. From the research, the recommended doses was 100 kg/ha, which gave the highest total phenolic, and the highest single electron transfer antioxidant activity (FRAP, CUPRAC). Moreover, there was no significant difference in growth parameters at higher doses.
{"title":"Effects of NPK Fertilizer on Growth, Phytochemical Content and Antioxidant Activity of Purslane (Portulaca grandiflora)","authors":"Raihan Permana Putra, I Ketut Mediartha, M Alfa Daffadhiya Setiawan, Puji Ayu Ningtyas Sujai, Rini Anggi Arista, Rizky Putra Kandi, Syarifah Iis Aisyah, Waras Nurcholis","doi":"10.55003/cast.2023.257237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55003/cast.2023.257237","url":null,"abstract":"Purslane (Portulaca grandiflora) is a succulent plant that contains phytochemicals including flavonoids, carotenoids, polyphenolic acids, sterols, and reducing agents. The pharmacological properties of this plant include antioxidant activity, and the plant is used in sore throat and skin rashes medications, and for detoxification purposes. The plant’s secondary metabolite content is influenced by mineral nutrition. The types and amounts of plant secondary metabolites are determined by soil nutrients. Therefore, this research aimed to observe and analyze the NPK fertilizer effect on plant growth, total phenolics, and antioxidant activity in purslane. Purslane planting was carried out by applying NPK fertilizer (doses of 0, 100, 200 and 300 kg/ha) in August-October 2022 at the Green House of the Department of Biochemistry, IPB University, Indonesia. The total number of leaves and branches was found to be highest with 200 kg/ha dose of NPK fertilizer treatment. The highest total phenolic content, 0.7346 mg GAE/g FW, was found for the treatment with 100 kg/ha dose of NPK fertilizer. The highest increase in antioxidant activity was observed in extracts treated with 100 kg/ha (FRAP, CUPRAC) and 200 kg/ha (DPPH, ABTS) of NPK fertilizer. Therefore, applying NPK fertilizer at optimal doses can increase the plant growth, total phenolic content, and antioxidant activity of purslane. From the research, the recommended doses was 100 kg/ha, which gave the highest total phenolic, and the highest single electron transfer antioxidant activity (FRAP, CUPRAC). Moreover, there was no significant difference in growth parameters at higher doses.","PeriodicalId":36974,"journal":{"name":"Current Applied Science and Technology","volume":"2 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135821488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-03DOI: 10.55003/cast.2023.253801
Amarpreet Singh, Sandeep Singh, Alok Aggarwal
Dynamic traffic control is a challenging task that involves meeting rising traffic demands and cutting down on intersection delays. The existing yellow/red/green light fixed transition periods used by traffic controllers make it impossible for them to adapt to changing real-time traffic conditions at intersections. Furthermore, it would be impractical to hire traffic officers for every intersection throughout the day due to a lack of personnel, and even if sufficient personnel are available, it would be a very expensive set up. A fuzzy based traffic model was designed and simulated in real time conditions using the developed traffic simulator algorithm to control the traffic jamming at road intersections. The developed fuzzy model was based on three fuzzy inputs and its performance was measured for 13 cases of varying road width. The developed model outperformed the traditional fixed-time delay model in all the cases and the level of improvement was further increased when the congestion was high. Narrower roads were more congested and the improvement with fuzzy systems as compared to its fixed time delay counterparts was as high as 26%. This research findings clearly support the use of fuzzy logic for handling the most challenging problem of traffic congestion in densely populated regions.
{"title":"An Efficient Road Traffic Modeling through a Novel Real Time Traffic Simulator","authors":"Amarpreet Singh, Sandeep Singh, Alok Aggarwal","doi":"10.55003/cast.2023.253801","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55003/cast.2023.253801","url":null,"abstract":"Dynamic traffic control is a challenging task that involves meeting rising traffic demands and cutting down on intersection delays. The existing yellow/red/green light fixed transition periods used by traffic controllers make it impossible for them to adapt to changing real-time traffic conditions at intersections. Furthermore, it would be impractical to hire traffic officers for every intersection throughout the day due to a lack of personnel, and even if sufficient personnel are available, it would be a very expensive set up. A fuzzy based traffic model was designed and simulated in real time conditions using the developed traffic simulator algorithm to control the traffic jamming at road intersections. The developed fuzzy model was based on three fuzzy inputs and its performance was measured for 13 cases of varying road width. The developed model outperformed the traditional fixed-time delay model in all the cases and the level of improvement was further increased when the congestion was high. Narrower roads were more congested and the improvement with fuzzy systems as compared to its fixed time delay counterparts was as high as 26%. This research findings clearly support the use of fuzzy logic for handling the most challenging problem of traffic congestion in densely populated regions.","PeriodicalId":36974,"journal":{"name":"Current Applied Science and Technology","volume":"6 9","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135820427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-07DOI: 10.55003/cast.2023.258187
Dalia Sukmawati, Atin Supiyani, Rahmah Khairunnisa Qonita, Clarita Salsabila, Rila Nazila Herlambang, Riska Ariska, Andrian Bayu Sentosa, Desty Saszieta, Proborini Indah Nursari, Almira M Priskaningrum, Famira Ichsanty, Sheyla Annisyah, Hesham Ali El Enshasy, Daniel Joe Dailin, None Skyler, Low Hock Heng, Raden Haryo Bimo Setiarto, None Sulistiani, Dandy Yusuf, Lutfi Anshory, Ahmad Fathoni
Mangrove plants have many benefits, such as the ability to produce bioactive compounds. Bioactive compounds can be produced by endophytic fungi found on mangrove leaves. Endophytic fungi are also known to produce secondary metabolites that are the same as their hosts produce for plant defence. Endophytic fungi in mangrove leaves (Rhizophora sp.) have antagonistic potential against pathogenic fungi. One of the pathogenic fungi was shown to cause a skin disease in pythons (Malayopython sp.) through the transmission via tick saliva. Pathogenic fungi found in tick saliva were Fusarium oxysporum and Aspergillus niger. This study examined the potential of endophytic fungi in mangrove leaves (Rhizophora sp.) as anti-fungal pathogens in pythons. Endophytic fungi were isolated from mangrove leaves at the Angke Kapuk Mangrove Nature Park, Pantai Indah Kapuk, DKI Jakarta, and an antagonist test of endophytic fungi against pathogenic fungi was performed using the dual culture assay method. This study obtained 16 isolates, and nine isolates had antagonistic potential. These nine isolates produced a clear zone in the antagonist test. The inhibition zone indicates endophytic fungi inhibit the growth of pathogenic fungi.
{"title":"Antagonıst Test of Endophyte Fungi Isolated from Leaves of Mangrove (Rhizophora sp.) as Antıfungi against Sanca Snakes (Malayopython sp.) Disease","authors":"Dalia Sukmawati, Atin Supiyani, Rahmah Khairunnisa Qonita, Clarita Salsabila, Rila Nazila Herlambang, Riska Ariska, Andrian Bayu Sentosa, Desty Saszieta, Proborini Indah Nursari, Almira M Priskaningrum, Famira Ichsanty, Sheyla Annisyah, Hesham Ali El Enshasy, Daniel Joe Dailin, None Skyler, Low Hock Heng, Raden Haryo Bimo Setiarto, None Sulistiani, Dandy Yusuf, Lutfi Anshory, Ahmad Fathoni","doi":"10.55003/cast.2023.258187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55003/cast.2023.258187","url":null,"abstract":"Mangrove plants have many benefits, such as the ability to produce bioactive compounds. Bioactive compounds can be produced by endophytic fungi found on mangrove leaves. Endophytic fungi are also known to produce secondary metabolites that are the same as their hosts produce for plant defence. Endophytic fungi in mangrove leaves (Rhizophora sp.) have antagonistic potential against pathogenic fungi. One of the pathogenic fungi was shown to cause a skin disease in pythons (Malayopython sp.) through the transmission via tick saliva. Pathogenic fungi found in tick saliva were Fusarium oxysporum and Aspergillus niger. This study examined the potential of endophytic fungi in mangrove leaves (Rhizophora sp.) as anti-fungal pathogens in pythons. Endophytic fungi were isolated from mangrove leaves at the Angke Kapuk Mangrove Nature Park, Pantai Indah Kapuk, DKI Jakarta, and an antagonist test of endophytic fungi against pathogenic fungi was performed using the dual culture assay method. This study obtained 16 isolates, and nine isolates had antagonistic potential. These nine isolates produced a clear zone in the antagonist test. The inhibition zone indicates endophytic fungi inhibit the growth of pathogenic fungi.","PeriodicalId":36974,"journal":{"name":"Current Applied Science and Technology","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135254783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this work, the electrical memory properties of a bi-stable device based on the structure of aluminum/poly (9-vinyl carbazole) (PVK): TiO2 NPs/indium-tin-oxide (ITO) were reported. The effects of the modified phase structural of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) on the electrical memory characteristics were determined. The TiO2 NPs were annealed at different annealing temperatures. The physical properties of the annealed TiO2 NPs were characterized by transmission electron microscope and X-ray diffraction, which revealed the composition and structure of the anatase and rutile phases. Current-voltage measurements showed that the bi-stable characteristics were affected by the phase structure of the TiO2 NPs. The ON/OFF current ratio of the fabricated device was noted to be approximately 2.06×105 in the case of TiO2 NPs annealed at 500°C. A theoretical model was used to explain the charge injection mechanisms of the device. Moreover, the temperature dependence and retention-time measurements of the device were demonstrated.
{"title":"Influence of Phase Structure of TiO2 Nanoparticles on Resistive Switching Devices","authors":"Benchapol Tunhoo, Direklit Chantarawong, Thutiyaporn Thiwawong, Korakot Onlaor","doi":"10.55003/cast.2023.258184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55003/cast.2023.258184","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, the electrical memory properties of a bi-stable device based on the structure of aluminum/poly (9-vinyl carbazole) (PVK): TiO2 NPs/indium-tin-oxide (ITO) were reported. The effects of the modified phase structural of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) on the electrical memory characteristics were determined. The TiO2 NPs were annealed at different annealing temperatures. The physical properties of the annealed TiO2 NPs were characterized by transmission electron microscope and X-ray diffraction, which revealed the composition and structure of the anatase and rutile phases. Current-voltage measurements showed that the bi-stable characteristics were affected by the phase structure of the TiO2 NPs. The ON/OFF current ratio of the fabricated device was noted to be approximately 2.06×105 in the case of TiO2 NPs annealed at 500°C. A theoretical model was used to explain the charge injection mechanisms of the device. Moreover, the temperature dependence and retention-time measurements of the device were demonstrated.","PeriodicalId":36974,"journal":{"name":"Current Applied Science and Technology","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135254965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Naphthalene (NA), a bicyclic aromatic compound that is widely used in various commercial and industrial applications including lavatory scent disks and mothballs, is known to be readily absorbed into the systemic circulation following either inhalation or ingestion and may cause systemic toxicity. This study examined the histopathological changes in some tissues (lung, liver and kidney) of NA-exposed Wistar rats. Twenty-four rats (175-250 g) were randomly divided into six groups of four rats each. The rats in all groups were given food and water while in addition rats in the experimental groups were exposed to NA at 0.75 mg/m3 and 1.50 mg/m3 for 2 h and 4 h. Rats were sacrificed at 24 h after the last hour of NA exposure. The tissues were excised for histological examination. The effects of NA and some selected metabolites using the rat glutathione reductase homology model were examined via molecular docking and dynamic simulation. From this study, exposure of rats to NA resulted in hepatocyte necrosis at 0.75 mg/m3 for 2 h, dilation of the alveolar duct of the lung at 0.75 mg/m3 and severe epithelial hyperplasia and chronic infiltration of inflammatory cells in the lung at 1.50 mg/m3 for 4 h. Also, vascular congestion was observed in the kidneys at 0.75 mg/m3 for 2 h and 1.50 mg/m3 for 4 h. The in silico study revealed the NA metabolite toxic potential, and NA showed the lowest binding score (-5.40± 0.00 kcal/mol). Therefore, the study concludes that NA exposure irrespective of duration can lead to hepatic and alveolar damage in the absence of mechanisms that can ameliorate its toxic effects.
{"title":"In Silico Assessment of Naphthalene Interaction with Glutathione Reductase and Histological Changes in Naphthalene Exposed Rats Tissues","authors":"Olubukola Agboola, Ige Olaoye, Ayodeji Awotula, Babatunde Oso, Godswill Akhigbe, Peace Nwaoha","doi":"10.55003/cast.2023.256918","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55003/cast.2023.256918","url":null,"abstract":"Naphthalene (NA), a bicyclic aromatic compound that is widely used in various commercial and industrial applications including lavatory scent disks and mothballs, is known to be readily absorbed into the systemic circulation following either inhalation or ingestion and may cause systemic toxicity. This study examined the histopathological changes in some tissues (lung, liver and kidney) of NA-exposed Wistar rats. Twenty-four rats (175-250 g) were randomly divided into six groups of four rats each. The rats in all groups were given food and water while in addition rats in the experimental groups were exposed to NA at 0.75 mg/m3 and 1.50 mg/m3 for 2 h and 4 h. Rats were sacrificed at 24 h after the last hour of NA exposure. The tissues were excised for histological examination. The effects of NA and some selected metabolites using the rat glutathione reductase homology model were examined via molecular docking and dynamic simulation. From this study, exposure of rats to NA resulted in hepatocyte necrosis at 0.75 mg/m3 for 2 h, dilation of the alveolar duct of the lung at 0.75 mg/m3 and severe epithelial hyperplasia and chronic infiltration of inflammatory cells in the lung at 1.50 mg/m3 for 4 h. Also, vascular congestion was observed in the kidneys at 0.75 mg/m3 for 2 h and 1.50 mg/m3 for 4 h. The in silico study revealed the NA metabolite toxic potential, and NA showed the lowest binding score (-5.40± 0.00 kcal/mol). Therefore, the study concludes that NA exposure irrespective of duration can lead to hepatic and alveolar damage in the absence of mechanisms that can ameliorate its toxic effects.","PeriodicalId":36974,"journal":{"name":"Current Applied Science and Technology","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134944226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A simple method for the determination of iron involved a novel paper-based analytical device (PAD) was developed. The PAD was composed of two layers. Each layer contained a circular hydrophilic reservoir (10 mm Ø) that was situated in a rectangular filter paper (25 Î 25 mm2). The hydrophobic area was created by painting the paper with a “waterproof” glue. The top and the bottom layers were assigned as “the filtration” and “the detection” platforms, respectively. The procedure was started by pipetting an aliquot of bathophenanthroline (Bphen) onto the hydrophilic zone of the bottom layer followed by spiking of standard solutions (0.1-0.5 mgL-1 Fe2+). The red complex was developed. Then, the top and the bottom layers were assembled by two-sided mounting tape. Later, a water sample was dropped onto the top layer, which removed (filtered) any suspended particles in the water sample. When the filtrate was exposed to the bottom layer, a further colored product formed. The bottom layer was removed and placed in a light-controlled box, and the optical image of the product was captured using a smartphone. Its intensity was evaluated through ImageJTM. Linear standard addition plots were obtained (r2 > 0.99). The PAD provided high precision (RSD < 6%) with good recovery (92.6-102%). It was applied to the analysis of drinking, tap, canal and river water samples without any prior filtration. The iron amounts were compared to the results obtained by the spectrophotometric method, and there was not significantly difference at 95% confidence (Paired-t test, n = 5 samples, tstat = 2.68, tcri = 2.78).
{"title":"A Double-layered Paper-based Analytical Device for Determination of Iron in Water Samples based on Standard Addition Method","authors":"Pongpichet Srikritsadawong, Punyapat Sookpotarom, Surachet Thongchan, Nathawut Choengchan","doi":"10.55003/cast.2023.258955","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55003/cast.2023.258955","url":null,"abstract":"A simple method for the determination of iron involved a novel paper-based analytical device (PAD) was developed. The PAD was composed of two layers. Each layer contained a circular hydrophilic reservoir (10 mm Ø) that was situated in a rectangular filter paper (25 Î 25 mm2). The hydrophobic area was created by painting the paper with a “waterproof” glue. The top and the bottom layers were assigned as “the filtration” and “the detection” platforms, respectively. The procedure was started by pipetting an aliquot of bathophenanthroline (Bphen) onto the hydrophilic zone of the bottom layer followed by spiking of standard solutions (0.1-0.5 mgL-1 Fe2+). The red complex was developed. Then, the top and the bottom layers were assembled by two-sided mounting tape. Later, a water sample was dropped onto the top layer, which removed (filtered) any suspended particles in the water sample. When the filtrate was exposed to the bottom layer, a further colored product formed. The bottom layer was removed and placed in a light-controlled box, and the optical image of the product was captured using a smartphone. Its intensity was evaluated through ImageJTM. Linear standard addition plots were obtained (r2 > 0.99). The PAD provided high precision (RSD < 6%) with good recovery (92.6-102%). It was applied to the analysis of drinking, tap, canal and river water samples without any prior filtration. The iron amounts were compared to the results obtained by the spectrophotometric method, and there was not significantly difference at 95% confidence (Paired-t test, n = 5 samples, tstat = 2.68, tcri = 2.78).","PeriodicalId":36974,"journal":{"name":"Current Applied Science and Technology","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134943834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-29DOI: 10.55003/cast.2023.257340
Uzoamaka Chinonso Nnadiukwu, T. Nnadiukwu, E. N. Onyeike, K. Patrick-Iwuanyanwu, C. C. Ikewuchi
Rice husks (RHs) is an agro waste generated from rice production with limited application. Codeine belongs to the numerous drugs of abuse worldwide and its impact on reproductive injury has been reported. This study was designed to establish the ameliorative potential of brown rice husk extract (RHE) against reproductive damage induced by codeine misuse. Experimental rats were grouped into six groups with six rats per group: Group I received only rat chow and clean water for 30 days. Group II received only codeine 10 mg/kg body weight (b.w) of rats. Group III received only RHE 500 mg/kg b.w of rats. The 4th, 5th and 6th groups received codeine 10 mg/kg/b.w alongside 250 mg, 500 mg and 1000 mg RHE, respectively. Treatments (RHE and codeine) were administered once during the early hours between 9-10 am daily for 30 days, the animals were sacrificed, and blood and tissue samples were harvested. Male reproductive hormones such as testosterone, Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH), and sperm quality parameters were assayed. The testis tissues were excised and examined for histopathological changes. The result revealed that high dose codeine administration significantly decreased epidermal morphology, motility, and sperm count as well as testosterone, FSH, and LH concentrations, respectively. The histopathological examination revealed distinct abnormal changes in the codeine control group when compared with the other experimental groups. RHE administration significantly improved the altered assayed parameters.
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