Pub Date : 2023-03-02DOI: 10.55003/cast.2023.05.23.008
M. Simarmata, Wendy Yosevin Siahaan, Prasetyo Prasetyo, M. Marlin
The aim of this research was to evaluate the allelochemicals in jering pods and sorghum biomass extracts combined with premixed formulations of the herbicides, atrazine and mesotrione. The research was conducted in the laboratory and experimental field of the Department of Agronomy, University of Bengkulu, Indonesia, from December 2019 to July 2020. The allelochemicals in jering pods and sorghum biomass extracts and their combination with the herbicides were tested on seed germination, and weed control was tested on corn grown in polybags. The results showed that aqueous extracts of jering pods and sorghum biomass combined with the herbicide mixtures of atrazine and mesotrione did not inhibit the seed germination of corn but suppressed the length and the weight of the radicles and plumules. The study of the efficacy of jering pods and sorghum biomass extracts on the weeds (total of grasses and broadleaves) revealed that the two agents, when applied separately, suppressed weed biomass by 27 and 32%, respectively. When the two extracts were combined, their combined efficacy increased to 56%. Furthermore, the plant height, stem diameter, and corn stover weight increased with the allelochemicals and herbicide treatments. The cobs yield per plant increased from 19 to 22% with the separate application of the allelochemicals found in the jering pods and sorghum biomass, respectively, and from 27 to 34% when the allelochemicals were combined with the herbicides. This research provided a novel approach using the allelochemical extracts from jering pods and sorghum biomass as natural herbicides for weed control.
{"title":"Allelochemical of Archidendron jiringa Pods and Sorghum bicolor Biomass Extracts Combined with a Premixed Formulation of Atrazine and Mesotrione","authors":"M. Simarmata, Wendy Yosevin Siahaan, Prasetyo Prasetyo, M. Marlin","doi":"10.55003/cast.2023.05.23.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55003/cast.2023.05.23.008","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this research was to evaluate the allelochemicals in jering pods and sorghum biomass extracts combined with premixed formulations of the herbicides, atrazine and mesotrione. The research was conducted in the laboratory and experimental field of the Department of Agronomy, University of Bengkulu, Indonesia, from December 2019 to July 2020. The allelochemicals in jering pods and sorghum biomass extracts and their combination with the herbicides were tested on seed germination, and weed control was tested on corn grown in polybags. The results showed that aqueous extracts of jering pods and sorghum biomass combined with the herbicide mixtures of atrazine and mesotrione did not inhibit the seed germination of corn but suppressed the length and the weight of the radicles and plumules. The study of the efficacy of jering pods and sorghum biomass extracts on the weeds (total of grasses and broadleaves) revealed that the two agents, when applied separately, suppressed weed biomass by 27 and 32%, respectively. When the two extracts were combined, their combined efficacy increased to 56%. Furthermore, the plant height, stem diameter, and corn stover weight increased with the allelochemicals and herbicide treatments. The cobs yield per plant increased from 19 to 22% with the separate application of the allelochemicals found in the jering pods and sorghum biomass, respectively, and from 27 to 34% when the allelochemicals were combined with the herbicides. This research provided a novel approach using the allelochemical extracts from jering pods and sorghum biomass as natural herbicides for weed control.","PeriodicalId":36974,"journal":{"name":"Current Applied Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44359438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-02DOI: 10.55003/cast.2023.05.23.005
M. Jasim
Fiber optics have been greatly enhanced by photonic crystal fibers based on microstructured air-glass designs. On the one hand, such fibers enable very tight light confines in a small mode shape region, resulting in significantly improved alternative options between light and dielectric medium. Photonic crystal fibers, on the other hand, allow light to be guided via air core instead of glass. As a result, the latter form of fiber decreases optical nonlinearities in ways that classic fiber designs cannot. The chirp effect and dispersion of photonic crystal fibers with super-Gaussian pulses during various pulses durations are examined in this paper in both normal and anomalous dispersion patterns. The chirp effect and fiber dispersive nonlinear effects are investigated. For this study, a mathematical model of the solution of a nonlinear equation involved the split-step Fourier method. Peak power was reduced for broad pulses. When the magnitude of the super-Gaussian pulse increased proportionally, pulse constriction was also noticeable, Furthermore, the results reveal that an anomalous dispersion system was superior to a regular dispersion system for pulse . The experimental findings will facilitate further research into more understanding of photonic crystal fibers, and to improve data speeds in modern optical communication systems
{"title":"Effect of Some Parameters on Optical Soliton Pulses in Photonic Crystal Fibers","authors":"M. Jasim","doi":"10.55003/cast.2023.05.23.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55003/cast.2023.05.23.005","url":null,"abstract":"Fiber optics have been greatly enhanced by photonic crystal fibers based on microstructured air-glass designs. On the one hand, such fibers enable very tight light confines in a small mode shape region, resulting in significantly improved alternative options between light and dielectric medium. Photonic crystal fibers, on the other hand, allow light to be guided via air core instead of glass. As a result, the latter form of fiber decreases optical nonlinearities in ways that classic fiber designs cannot. The chirp effect and dispersion of photonic crystal fibers with super-Gaussian pulses during various pulses durations are examined in this paper in both normal and anomalous dispersion patterns. The chirp effect and fiber dispersive nonlinear effects are investigated. For this study, a mathematical model of the solution of a nonlinear equation involved the split-step Fourier method. Peak power was reduced for broad pulses. When the magnitude of the super-Gaussian pulse increased proportionally, pulse constriction was also noticeable, Furthermore, the results reveal that an anomalous dispersion system was superior to a regular dispersion system for pulse . The experimental findings will facilitate further research into more understanding of photonic crystal fibers, and to improve data speeds in modern optical communication systems","PeriodicalId":36974,"journal":{"name":"Current Applied Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49145217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-02DOI: 10.55003/cast.2023.05.23.013
Tanart Dachochaiporn, Kanisa Chodjuntug
Particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of less than 2.5 m or , is one of the air pollutants that has been found to be at unsafe levels for a number of years in Thailand, leading to public health concerns. In order to lessen the detrimental effects of air pollution, monitoring and analysis of concentration are crucial. Following the study of data from the Pollution Control Department Report in the area around the Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand in January 2019, it was found that there was data missing in the information. It is well-known that missing data can reduce the accuracy of data analysis. To solve the missing data problem, this paper proposes an improved method of compromised imputation and a corresponding resultant estimator to deal with estimating the mean of concentrations in the area. The bias and mean square error of the estimator obtained from the proposed method were derived. The conditions which favor the performance of our estimator over other estimators obtained from the mean, ratio, and compromised imputation methods were obtained using mean square error to apply in the area. The mean of concentrations in this case using the proposed estimator was equal to 47.13 g/m3, indicating that it did not exceed unsafe levels (<50 g/m3) under certain conditions. In order to support more accurate data analysis that will lead to effective management of air pollution problems in the future, this research proposes a new method that is more effective than the existing methods under missing data problem.
{"title":"Estimating the Mean of PM2.5 with Missing Data in the Area Around Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand Using the Improved Compromised Imputation Method","authors":"Tanart Dachochaiporn, Kanisa Chodjuntug","doi":"10.55003/cast.2023.05.23.013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55003/cast.2023.05.23.013","url":null,"abstract":"Particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of less than 2.5 m or , is one of the air pollutants that has been found to be at unsafe levels for a number of years in Thailand, leading to public health concerns. In order to lessen the detrimental effects of air pollution, monitoring and analysis of concentration are crucial. Following the study of data from the Pollution Control Department Report in the area around the Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand in January 2019, it was found that there was data missing in the information. It is well-known that missing data can reduce the accuracy of data analysis. To solve the missing data problem, this paper proposes an improved method of compromised imputation and a corresponding resultant estimator to deal with estimating the mean of concentrations in the area. The bias and mean square error of the estimator obtained from the proposed method were derived. The conditions which favor the performance of our estimator over other estimators obtained from the mean, ratio, and compromised imputation methods were obtained using mean square error to apply in the area. The mean of concentrations in this case using the proposed estimator was equal to 47.13 g/m3, indicating that it did not exceed unsafe levels (<50 g/m3) under certain conditions. In order to support more accurate data analysis that will lead to effective management of air pollution problems in the future, this research proposes a new method that is more effective than the existing methods under missing data problem.","PeriodicalId":36974,"journal":{"name":"Current Applied Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46207750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-02DOI: 10.55003/cast.2023.05.23.010
Sonia Sharma, N. Wadhwa
Various methods of isolating cellulosic fibers from banana pseudo-stems including mechanical extraction, steam release, steam release combined with chemical treatment, and an enzymatic method with pectinase from Staphylococcus sciuri, were performed. The fibers were produced by all the methods and characterized. In this work, we report on the breaking tenacity, breaking strength, fiber length, diameter, toughness, and linear density of enzyme-retted fiber. Banana cellulose fiber isolated by the enzymatic retting procedure was comparable in physical properties to cotton fiber and was also shown by FTIR analysis to contain cellulose, lignin, and hemicellulose. The banana cellulose fibers had the following characteristics: linear density of 161.81 denier, breaking tenacity of 38.50 g/tex, elongation of 4.03%, fiber diameter of 127.02 m, and fiber length of 191.68 mm.
{"title":"Characterization of Banana Fibers Extracted with Pectinase from Staphylococcus sciuri","authors":"Sonia Sharma, N. Wadhwa","doi":"10.55003/cast.2023.05.23.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55003/cast.2023.05.23.010","url":null,"abstract":"Various methods of isolating cellulosic fibers from banana pseudo-stems including mechanical extraction, steam release, steam release combined with chemical treatment, and an enzymatic method with pectinase from Staphylococcus sciuri, were performed. The fibers were produced by all the methods and characterized. In this work, we report on the breaking tenacity, breaking strength, fiber length, diameter, toughness, and linear density of enzyme-retted fiber. Banana cellulose fiber isolated by the enzymatic retting procedure was comparable in physical properties to cotton fiber and was also shown by FTIR analysis to contain cellulose, lignin, and hemicellulose. The banana cellulose fibers had the following characteristics: linear density of 161.81 denier, breaking tenacity of 38.50 g/tex, elongation of 4.03%, fiber diameter of 127.02 m, and fiber length of 191.68 mm.","PeriodicalId":36974,"journal":{"name":"Current Applied Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48877409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Soil tillage is a critical process in agricultural production. Furthermore, the process consumes a lot of energy and time to complete the soil tillage practices. A disk plow with triple disks was tested in one of the Agriculture and Forestry college plantations at the University of Mosul during season 2013. The research included two soil moisture contents (10.7 and 16.2%), and three distances between the inner disk face and the scraper (2, 4, and 6 cm). Besides, two forward speeds for the tractor (2.29 and 5.85 km/h) were used. The disk plow test was adopted to evaluate the energy consumed, the specific energy, the volume of soil pulverized, and the soil adhesion on the disks. The test also evaluated the ratio of soil overturn, the lateral soil transfer, and the number of soil clods bigger than 10 cm/m2. The data were analyzed with the statistic randomized complete block design (RCBD) using the split-split plots system. The results indicated significant differences with the factor level of soil moisture 10.7% with the first scraper position of 2 cm, and forward speed of 5.85 km/h, and for the traits of soil adhesion and lateral soil transfer, which were 0.11 N/m2 and 170.33 cm, respectively. On the other hand, there were no statistical significant differences in the traits of energy consumed, specific energy, volume of soil pulverized, soil overturn, and number of soil clods bigger than 10 cm/m2. The consumed energy, specific energy, and number of soil clods decreased, while the volume of pulverized soils and soil overturn ratio increased, at soil moisture 16.2% with the same levels of treatment.
{"title":"Effect of Soil Moisture and Distance of Scraper in Field Performance of Disk Plow","authors":"Mothana Abed Al-Malik Noori Al-Jarrah, Husain Abed Hamood Aljuboori, Rafea Abdulsattar M. Al-Jawadi","doi":"10.55003/cast.2022.05.23.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55003/cast.2022.05.23.001","url":null,"abstract":"Soil tillage is a critical process in agricultural production. Furthermore, the process consumes a lot of energy and time to complete the soil tillage practices. A disk plow with triple disks was tested in one of the Agriculture and Forestry college plantations at the University of Mosul during season 2013. The research included two soil moisture contents (10.7 and 16.2%), and three distances between the inner disk face and the scraper (2, 4, and 6 cm). Besides, two forward speeds for the tractor (2.29 and 5.85 km/h) were used. The disk plow test was adopted to evaluate the energy consumed, the specific energy, the volume of soil pulverized, and the soil adhesion on the disks. The test also evaluated the ratio of soil overturn, the lateral soil transfer, and the number of soil clods bigger than 10 cm/m2. The data were analyzed with the statistic randomized complete block design (RCBD) using the split-split plots system. The results indicated significant differences with the factor level of soil moisture 10.7% with the first scraper position of 2 cm, and forward speed of 5.85 km/h, and for the traits of soil adhesion and lateral soil transfer, which were 0.11 N/m2 and 170.33 cm, respectively. On the other hand, there were no statistical significant differences in the traits of energy consumed, specific energy, volume of soil pulverized, soil overturn, and number of soil clods bigger than 10 cm/m2. The consumed energy, specific energy, and number of soil clods decreased, while the volume of pulverized soils and soil overturn ratio increased, at soil moisture 16.2% with the same levels of treatment.","PeriodicalId":36974,"journal":{"name":"Current Applied Science and Technology","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135423468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-02DOI: 10.55003/cast.2023.05.23.009
Sumonrat Jintanasirinurak, Nutcha Manichart, N. Somala, C. Laosinwattana, M. Teerarak
The chemical composition of wintergreen (Gaultheria procumbens L.) essential oil (WEO) was identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and evaluated for its biological activities. Methyl salicylate (100%) was the main compound in the wintergreen essential oil. The herbicidal efficacy of the WEO was confirmed by germination inhibition, radical and shoot length reduction, and phytotoxicity assessment with Echinochloa crus–galli and Amaranthus tricolor seedlings. The WEO significantly reduced the germination and seedling growth of both weeds. It showed highly significant inhibition of seed germination (93.37%) and seedling growth of A. tricolor at the highest dose (6 µL/petri dish) assayed. The WEO was formulated as an emulsifiable concentrate (EC-EO) for post-emergence application, and was applied at a range of concentrations from 10 to 80 mL/L. Both treated plant leaves appeared wilted and slightly discolored within 1 day of application (DAA). The visible weed control efficacy was most remarkable at 80 mL/L treatment, which was a level that ultimately killed the seedlings of both species at 3 DAA, suggesting promising herbicidal potential for the WEO. The WEO showed weak scavenging activity with a high IC50 value (IC50 >2"×" 104 and >5"×" 104 ppm) for DPPH scavenging and metal chelating assays, respectively. The WEO showed moderate antibacterial activity, and its zones of inhibition against bacterial test strains were 7.90±0.8 mm and 23.9±0.9 mm for Escherichia coli TISTR 780 and Staphylococcus aureus TISTR 1466, respectively. Therefore, the results suggest the possibility of using WEO as an active ingredient to produce natural herbicides.
{"title":"Chemical Analysis and Bioactivities of Gaultheria procumbens L. Essential Oil: Herbicidal, Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities","authors":"Sumonrat Jintanasirinurak, Nutcha Manichart, N. Somala, C. Laosinwattana, M. Teerarak","doi":"10.55003/cast.2023.05.23.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55003/cast.2023.05.23.009","url":null,"abstract":"The chemical composition of wintergreen (Gaultheria procumbens L.) essential oil (WEO) was identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and evaluated for its biological activities. Methyl salicylate (100%) was the main compound in the wintergreen essential oil. The herbicidal efficacy of the WEO was confirmed by germination inhibition, radical and shoot length reduction, and phytotoxicity assessment with Echinochloa crus–galli and Amaranthus tricolor seedlings. The WEO significantly reduced the germination and seedling growth of both weeds. It showed highly significant inhibition of seed germination (93.37%) and seedling growth of A. tricolor at the highest dose (6 µL/petri dish) assayed. The WEO was formulated as an emulsifiable concentrate (EC-EO) for post-emergence application, and was applied at a range of concentrations from 10 to 80 mL/L. Both treated plant leaves appeared wilted and slightly discolored within 1 day of application (DAA). The visible weed control efficacy was most remarkable at 80 mL/L treatment, which was a level that ultimately killed the seedlings of both species at 3 DAA, suggesting promising herbicidal potential for the WEO. The WEO showed weak scavenging activity with a high IC50 value (IC50 >2\"×\" 104 and >5\"×\" 104 ppm) for DPPH scavenging and metal chelating assays, respectively. The WEO showed moderate antibacterial activity, and its zones of inhibition against bacterial test strains were 7.90±0.8 mm and 23.9±0.9 mm for Escherichia coli TISTR 780 and Staphylococcus aureus TISTR 1466, respectively. Therefore, the results suggest the possibility of using WEO as an active ingredient to produce natural herbicides.","PeriodicalId":36974,"journal":{"name":"Current Applied Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44550760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Microplastics are currently a major global threat as they enter the ecosystem in large quantities daily and are able to persist in the environment for a long period of time. Current research focuses mainly on aquatic and related ecosystems; however, little information is available on the sources, possible accumulation, and pathways of microplastics in agroecosystems. It was previously thought that plastic particles could not be taken up or accumulate in plant bodies, but with modern technology, it has been observed that plastic particles are able to penetrate plants at the micro and nanoscales through transpiration pull forces, and in some cases through the leaves with foliar application. The purpose of the study was to identify potential sources of microplastics, their ways of entry into agroecosystems as well as into plants, and the effects of microplastics on the physiological processes of plants. We highlighted the harmful effects of these pollutants on agricultural ecosystems. Microplastics causes pore space blockages on root surfaces and oxidative damage. Moreover, they inhibit nutrient and water uptake, decrease germination capability, and have negative effects on product quality.
{"title":"Accumulation of Microplastics in Agroecosystems and Its Effects on Terrestrial Plants: A Short Review","authors":"Md. Shafiul Islam, Shitosri Mondal, Prodipto Bishnu Angon, Md. Abdul Jalil","doi":"10.55003/cast.2023.05.23.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55003/cast.2023.05.23.007","url":null,"abstract":"Microplastics are currently a major global threat as they enter the ecosystem in large quantities daily and are able to persist in the environment for a long period of time. Current research focuses mainly on aquatic and related ecosystems; however, little information is available on the sources, possible accumulation, and pathways of microplastics in agroecosystems. It was previously thought that plastic particles could not be taken up or accumulate in plant bodies, but with modern technology, it has been observed that plastic particles are able to penetrate plants at the micro and nanoscales through transpiration pull forces, and in some cases through the leaves with foliar application. The purpose of the study was to identify potential sources of microplastics, their ways of entry into agroecosystems as well as into plants, and the effects of microplastics on the physiological processes of plants. We highlighted the harmful effects of these pollutants on agricultural ecosystems. Microplastics causes pore space blockages on root surfaces and oxidative damage. Moreover, they inhibit nutrient and water uptake, decrease germination capability, and have negative effects on product quality.","PeriodicalId":36974,"journal":{"name":"Current Applied Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48320972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-02DOI: 10.55003/cast.2023.05.23.006
V. Loryuenyong, Suchada Muenna, S. Thongkaew, Warisara Misamdeang, A. Buasri
In this research, calcium carbonate from eggshell waste was used to prepare the soda-lime borosilicate glass samples (Na2O-B2O3-CaO-SiO2) doped with samarium ions (Sm3+) at different Sm2O3 concentrations (0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5 mol%). A conventional melt-quenching method at 1,100°C for 3 h was applied in this work to produce the glass samples. The samples were then characterized by XRD, DTA, FT-IR, UV-Vis spectrophotometer and PL techniques. The results showed that the obtained glasses had amorphous structure, and the glass density tended to increase with the addition of Sm2O3. The FTIR spectra of the main glass structure revealed that it was composed of trigonal BO3 and tetrahedral BO4 borate groups mixing with SiO4 tetrahedra and non-bridging oxygen. The addition of samarium ions to the glass resulted in a strong orange emission at 562 nm (4G5/2→6H5/2), 600 nm (4G5/2→6H7/2), 646 nm (4G5/2→6H9/2) and 708 nm (4G5/2→6H11/2) under excitation at 403 nm. The results confirmed that 0.3 mol% Sm2O3-doped glass exhibited the highest emission intensity, which suggested that eggshells have a high potential to be used as an alternative CaCO3-raw material in the production of an efficient luminescent and environmentally-friendly optical electronics material
{"title":"Use of Eggshell Waste as a source of CaO in Sm3+-Doped Na2O-B2O3-CaO-SiO2 Glass Preparation","authors":"V. Loryuenyong, Suchada Muenna, S. Thongkaew, Warisara Misamdeang, A. Buasri","doi":"10.55003/cast.2023.05.23.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55003/cast.2023.05.23.006","url":null,"abstract":"In this research, calcium carbonate from eggshell waste was used to prepare the soda-lime borosilicate glass samples (Na2O-B2O3-CaO-SiO2) doped with samarium ions (Sm3+) at different Sm2O3 concentrations (0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5 mol%). A conventional melt-quenching method at 1,100°C for 3 h was applied in this work to produce the glass samples. The samples were then characterized by XRD, DTA, FT-IR, UV-Vis spectrophotometer and PL techniques. The results showed that the obtained glasses had amorphous structure, and the glass density tended to increase with the addition of Sm2O3. The FTIR spectra of the main glass structure revealed that it was composed of trigonal BO3 and tetrahedral BO4 borate groups mixing with SiO4 tetrahedra and non-bridging oxygen. The addition of samarium ions to the glass resulted in a strong orange emission at 562 nm (4G5/2→6H5/2), 600 nm (4G5/2→6H7/2), 646 nm (4G5/2→6H9/2) and 708 nm (4G5/2→6H11/2) under excitation at 403 nm. The results confirmed that 0.3 mol% Sm2O3-doped glass exhibited the highest emission intensity, which suggested that eggshells have a high potential to be used as an alternative CaCO3-raw material in the production of an efficient luminescent and environmentally-friendly optical electronics material","PeriodicalId":36974,"journal":{"name":"Current Applied Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48186430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-02DOI: 10.55003/cast.2023.05.23.012
N. Pleerux, Attawut Nardkulpat
This study presents the distribution of road accidents in Bangkok, Thailand, during the COVID-19 outbreak (162 days) using spatial statistics. The findings show that the number of road accidents fell by 28.53% during the lockdown period (March 26 to June 14, 2020) compared to before the lockdown period (January 5 to March 25, 2020). There was also a considerable decrease in road accidents by approximately 4.96% compared to the same period in 2019 (January 4 to June 14, 2019). High accident incidence areas were located in central and southwestern Bangkok, and this pattern was also observed before and during the lockdown as well as in 2019. The findings revealed the numbers and patterns of road accidents that occurred during the COVID-19 outbreak. This information can be useful in minimizing and limiting the impact and damage caused by road accidents in Bangkok.
{"title":"COVID-19 Lockdown and Decline in Road Accidents in Bangkok, Thailand","authors":"N. Pleerux, Attawut Nardkulpat","doi":"10.55003/cast.2023.05.23.012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55003/cast.2023.05.23.012","url":null,"abstract":"This study presents the distribution of road accidents in Bangkok, Thailand, during the COVID-19 outbreak (162 days) using spatial statistics. The findings show that the number of road accidents fell by 28.53% during the lockdown period (March 26 to June 14, 2020) compared to before the lockdown period (January 5 to March 25, 2020). There was also a considerable decrease in road accidents by approximately 4.96% compared to the same period in 2019 (January 4 to June 14, 2019). High accident incidence areas were located in central and southwestern Bangkok, and this pattern was also observed before and during the lockdown as well as in 2019. The findings revealed the numbers and patterns of road accidents that occurred during the COVID-19 outbreak. This information can be useful in minimizing and limiting the impact and damage caused by road accidents in Bangkok.","PeriodicalId":36974,"journal":{"name":"Current Applied Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43867481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-02DOI: 10.55003/cast.2023.05.23.004
K. Tiyapun, Sirirat Seemapapon, Panya Hemla, S. Wetchagarun, S. Punnachaiya, Udomsak Keawmorakot
Radiation monitoring and measurement are important for radiation safety. Such monitoring and measurement must be carried out in order to investigate workplace conditions and individual exposures, to ensure that radiological conditions in the workplace are acceptable, safe, and satisfactory, and to keep records of radiation monitoring over a long period of time in accordance with regulations or as good practice. However, radiation monitoring instruments and system are expensive. A cost-effective radiation monitoring system using Geiger Muller (GM) radiation detector was developed. A high voltage generation circuit and data acquisition were implemented using LabVIEW software. The cost-effective radiation monitoring system is easy to use, and it can detect radiation, analyzed and record the data in a personal computer. This newly developed system is simple and can provide the radiation dose data for further analysis. An experiment was conducted to compare and calibrate the collected data at the Secondary Standard Dosimetry Laboratory (SSDL). The result shows that the new developed GM detector provides good correlation between counts per minute (cpm) and dosage units, which is good characteristic of a radiation counting system
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