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Preliminary analysis of amplified ground motion in Bangkok basin using HVSR curves from recent moderate to large earthquakes 利用HVSR曲线初步分析曼谷盆地近期中至大地震的放大地震动
IF 4.8 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-11-23 DOI: 10.1186/s40677-023-00259-0
Teraphan Ornthammarath, Amorntep Jirasakjamroonsri, Patinya Pornsopin, Rajesh Rupakhety, Nakhorn Poovarodom, Pennung Warnitchai, Tun Tun Tha Toe
The Bangkok Basin has been known from non-instrumental observations of the local population to be subject to ground motion amplification due to the deep alluvial sediments and basin geometry. This study analyzes available seismic data to confirm that basin effects are significant in the Bangkok Basin. The paper contributes to the evaluation of basin effects by characterizing the engineering ground motion parameters and HVSR curves for the Bangkok basin which produce lengthening of ground motion duration with respect to nearby rock sites, albeit with very low ground motions. For this purpose, we analyzed ground motion records from seismic stations located within the Bangkok alluvial basin from 2007 to 2021. Recorded peak horizontal ground acceleration (PGA) for seismic stations inside the basin always exceeded 1 cm/s2 during eight earthquakes with Mw ≥ 5.5. Of these, two were intraslab events and six were shallow crustal earthquakes. These recorded ground motions shook high-rise buildings in Bangkok even though their epicentral distance exceeded 600 km. Several time and frequency domain analyses (such as analysis of residual, HVSR, Hodogram plots, etc.) are used on the ground motion records in the Bangkok basin to determine the frequency content of recorded ground motion and to demonstrate the significance of surface waves induced by the deep basin in altering the engineering ground motion amplitudes. In addition, centerless circular array microtremor analysis is used to determine the depth of sedimentary basin to the bedrock. Based on comparisons from those stations located outside the Bangkok basin, we observed the capability of alluvial deposits in the Bangkok basin to amplify ground motion records by about 3 times. We observed that there is a unique site amplification effect between 0.3 and 0.1 Hz due to local surface waves and other moderate amplifications between 2 and 0.5 Hz due to a soft layer like other deep alluvial basins in other metropolitan areas. We noticed that there is a unique site amplification effect between 0.1 and 0.3 Hz and smaller peaks around 2 and 0.5 Hz consistent with expectations for site amplification effects associated with deep basins. Moreover, we noticed the presence of low frequencies content of the surface wave generated within the basin which deserved further studies using the 2D/3D ground motion modelling through basin topography and velocity models.
曼谷盆地从对当地人口的非仪器观测中得知,由于深冲积沉积物和盆地几何形状,该盆地受到地面运动放大的影响。本研究分析了现有的地震资料,证实了曼谷盆地的盆地效应是显著的。本文通过表征曼谷盆地的工程地震动参数和HVSR曲线,有助于评价盆地效应,这些参数和HVSR曲线相对于附近的岩石场地产生了地震动持续时间的延长,尽管地震动非常低。为此,我们分析了2007年至2021年曼谷冲积盆地地震台站的地面运动记录。在8次Mw≥5.5级地震中,盆地内地震台站记录的峰值水平地面加速度(PGA)均超过1 cm/s2。其中,2次是岩内地震,6次是浅层地壳地震。这些记录到的地面运动震动了曼谷的高层建筑,尽管震中距离超过600公里。通过对曼谷盆地地震动记录进行残差分析、HVSR分析、Hodogram plots等时域和频域分析,确定了记录地震动的频率含量,论证了深盆诱发的表面波对工程地震动幅值的影响。此外,利用无心圆阵微震分析确定了沉积盆地至基岩的深度。基于与位于曼谷盆地以外的台站的比较,我们观察到曼谷盆地的冲积沉积物将地面运动记录放大了约3倍。我们观察到,在0.3 ~ 0.1 Hz之间,由于局部表面波的作用,存在独特的场地放大效应,而在2 ~ 0.5 Hz之间,由于软层的作用,与其他大都市地区的其他深层冲积盆地一样,存在中等放大效应。我们注意到,在0.1 ~ 0.3 Hz之间有一个独特的位点放大效应,在2 ~ 0.5 Hz附近有一个较小的峰值,这与深盆地相关的位点放大效应的预期一致。此外,我们注意到盆地内产生的表面波存在低频含量,值得通过盆地地形和速度模型进行二维/三维地震动建模进行进一步研究。
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引用次数: 0
Evaluation of the collapsible deformation of surrounding rock of loess hydraulic tunnel considering ground stress variation 考虑地应力变化的黄土水工隧洞围岩湿陷变形评价
IF 4.8 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-11-15 DOI: 10.1186/s40677-023-00257-2
She Fangtao, Xu Wanying, Liu Lele, Liu Guoping, Li Lei, Duan Changhui
Uneven settlement will occur as a result of the collapsible deformation of the loess strata, and the hydraulic tunnel lining structure will also fail. In this work, laterally confined compression tests were carried out on loess and the double-line method was employed to evaluate the loess collapsibility. The deformation of the surrounding rock of a loess hydraulic tunnel under various ground stresses and its effect on the lining structure was modeled. Three stages were noted in the collapsible deformation of loess. The critical point between the former two stages corresponds to the pre-consolidation pressure of saturated loess and that between the latter two is taken as the structural yield pressure of unsaturated loess. From the relationship between the collapsibility coefficient and vertical stress, the deformation of the tunnel under ground seepage primarily originates from two sources, i.e., the collapsible and compressive deformation. The latter source accounts for the deformation of loess adjacent to the lining when the seepage depth is low, while both sources are included when the bottom of the tunnel invert is infiltrated. The collapsible deformation is lower than that of the original stratum due to the stress relaxation during tunnel excavation. The tensile and compressive stresses of tunnel lining increase linearly with the seepage depth, with the maximum appearing at a position of 20 m away from the midline of the collapse and non-collapse domains. The results will provide a theoretical reference to the design and construction of hydraulic tunnels in collapsible loess stratum.
黄土地层的湿陷变形会造成不均匀沉降,水工隧道衬砌结构也会发生破坏。本文对黄土进行了侧限压缩试验,并采用双线法对黄土湿陷性进行了评价。模拟了黄土水工隧道围岩在不同地应力作用下的变形及其对衬砌结构的影响。黄土的湿陷变形分为三个阶段。前两个阶段之间的临界点对应于饱和黄土的预固结压力,后两个阶段之间的临界点对应于非饱和黄土的结构屈服压力。从湿陷系数与竖向应力的关系来看,地下渗流作用下隧道的变形主要来源于两个来源,即湿陷变形和压缩变形。渗流深度较低时,后一种源考虑了衬砌附近黄土的变形,而当隧道仰拱底部被渗透时,这两种源都包括在内。隧道开挖过程中,由于应力松弛,围岩的湿陷变形小于原地层的湿陷变形。隧道衬砌的拉压应力随渗流深度的增加呈线性增加,最大应力出现在距离塌落区和非塌落区中线20 m处。研究结果将为湿陷性黄土地层水工隧道的设计和施工提供理论参考。
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引用次数: 0
Study on the influencing factors and evolution of loess bank collapse with physical modelling 黄土堤岸崩塌影响因素及演化的物理模拟研究
Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-11-03 DOI: 10.1186/s40677-023-00255-4
Ma Xuetong, Li Tonglu, Li Qipeng, Wang Changsheng, Gao Debin, Zhang Hao, Li Changhu
Abstract Background Reservoir bank collapse in loess areas may lead to the siltation of reservoir and bank retreat. Therefore, the study of reservoir bank collapse has practical significance. Almost of the bank collapse width prediction method were based on the classical graphical method which do not consider the process of bank collapse. But practice shows that this method can overestimate the width of bank collapse. Meanwhile, there are few studies specifically focused on the collapse of loess bank slopes. Methods To improve the prediction method of loss bank collapse width, the influence of water depth, dry density and bank slope angle on loess bank collapse was studied by physical modelling. The bank collapse width and the morphology of the bank slope were recorded during the experiment. Results The bank collapse width increases with the increase of water depth, increases with the increase of slope angle, and decreases with the increase of dry density. The modeling process shows that the loess bank collapse occurs firstly underwater, the erosion niche will be formed underwater, and then the above water slope is damaged. This process is repeated until the underwater accumulation slope reaches the stable state, and then bank collapse stops. After the bank collapse, the above water slope is polyline, while the underwater slope is curved. When the slope angle is less than 27°, the bank collapse will not occur, and when the slope angle is between 27° and 40°, the bank collapse type is abrasion type. When the slope angle is greater than 40°, the bank collapse type is dumping type or shear type. Based on this, the improved balanced alluvial accumulation approach was proposed, which considers the mechanical equilibrium of above water bank slope and the morphology of underwater slope. The new method can reflect the stage characteristics of loess bank collapse, which is more reasonable than the empirical graphical method. Conclusions The experimental results indicate that when predicting the width of loess bank collapse, it is necessary to combine the bank collapse width and process of bank collapse. The relevant conclusions have a certain role in exploring the mechanism of loess bank collapse and bank collapse prediction methods.
摘要黄土地区库岸崩塌可能导致库淤积和库岸退缩。因此,研究库岸崩塌具有重要的现实意义。崩岸宽度预测方法几乎都是基于经典的图解法,没有考虑崩岸过程。但实践表明,这种方法可能会高估岸塌宽度。同时,专门针对黄土岸坡崩塌的研究较少。方法采用物理模拟方法,研究了水深、干密度、岸坡角对黄土岸塌的影响,改进了黄土岸塌宽度的预测方法。试验过程中记录了岸坡崩塌宽度和岸坡形态。结果崩岸宽度随水深的增加而增大,随坡角的增大而增大,随干密度的增大而减小。模拟过程表明,黄土堤岸塌陷首先发生在水下,在水下形成侵蚀生态位,然后对上面的水坡进行破坏。这一过程不断重复,直到水下堆积边坡达到稳定状态,然后岸塌停止。塌岸后水面坡为折线型,水下坡为弯曲型。当坡角小于27°时,不会发生塌岸,当坡角在27°~ 40°时,塌岸类型为磨损型。当坡角大于40°时,垮岸类型为倾泄型或剪切型。在此基础上,提出了考虑水上岸坡力学平衡和水下岸坡形态的改进型平衡冲积法。该方法能较好地反映黄土岸塌的阶段特征,比经验图解法更为合理。结论试验结果表明,在预测黄土岸塌宽度时,应将岸塌宽度与岸塌过程相结合。相关结论对探讨黄土垮岸机理和垮岸预测方法具有一定的作用。
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引用次数: 0
Engineering geological characteristics and failure mechanics of Jure rock avalanche, Nepal 尼泊尔Jure岩崩的工程地质特征及破坏机理
Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-10-29 DOI: 10.1186/s40677-023-00256-3
Suman Panthee, Suman Dulal, Vishnu Himanshu Ratnam Pandey, Vikas Yadav, Prakash Kumar Singh, Ashutosh Kainthola
Abstract Introduction The rock avalanches are a frequent and disruptive phenomenon in the Himalayas and other mountain chains. To minimize future losses, it is essential to investigate the engineering geological causative factors and mechanism of these mass wasting events. Study area The present work is aimed at assessing the failure mechanism of the disastrous 2014 Jure rock avalanche along Araniko Highway, Northern Nepal. The event had blocked the Sunkoshi River and blocked an economically significant route to China. Geotechnical properties and analysis Initially, rockmass characterization and intact strength attribute were determined for the site to classify the failure zone. The parameters measured and obtained from the field and laboratory were integrated into the analytical models to obtain a conclusive interpretation of the failure mechanism. Structural, kinematic, and key block theory analyses have been carried out for decipher the evolution of the failure zone. Results and discussion Rock mass was found to be of fair quality, however, the structural instabilities and the presence of water has led to a progressive failure. Movement of the key block and subsequent sliding of wedges and foot failure appears to be a possible failure mechanism. Conclusion The present research explores the contributory engineering geological aspects of the Jure rock avalanche. The investigation results can be used to tackle similar large scale rock avalanches in similar geological terrains and thus minimizing the losses.
岩石雪崩是喜马拉雅山和其他山脉中频繁发生的破坏性现象。为尽量减少今后的损失,有必要研究这些大规模浪费事件的工程地质成因和机制。本研究旨在评估2014年尼泊尔北部Araniko公路沿线Jure岩崩的破坏机制。这一事件阻断了Sunkoshi河,并阻断了一条通往中国的重要经济路线。首先,确定岩体特征和完整强度属性,对破坏区域进行分类。从现场和实验室测量和获得的参数被整合到分析模型中,以获得对破坏机制的结论性解释。进行了构造、运动学和关键块体理论分析,以破译破坏区的演化。结果与讨论岩体质量尚可,但结构不稳定和水的存在导致了岩体的逐渐破坏。关键块的移动和随后的楔形滑动和脚破坏似乎是一种可能的破坏机制。结论本研究从工程地质角度探讨了汝尔岩崩的成因。调查结果可用于类似地质地形的类似大型岩石雪崩的处理,从而最大限度地减少损失。
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引用次数: 0
Experimental investigation on stress distribution and migration of the overburden during the mining process in deep coal seam mining 深部煤层开采过程中覆岩应力分布及迁移试验研究
Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-10-27 DOI: 10.1186/s40677-023-00253-6
Shoulong Ma, Mingwei Zhang, Lu Ma, Zhuangcai Tian, Xue Li, Zhenhao Su, Sicheng Bian
Abstract Coal mining has a significant impact on the movement of the overburden, leading to potential safety hazards in the working face. In this paper, a similarity simulation experiment was conducted to investigate the migration of overburden during the mining process of a specific working face in the Liuzhuang Coal Mine located in southern China. Sand and gravel were used to simulate the geological environment of each rock stratum. The deformation of the stratum was monitored using strain gauges, the fracture and displacement changes of the overburden stratum were recorded using cameras, and the characteristics of roof collapse was monitored using infrared thermal imager. The experimental model fully simulated the situation of the working face, and the actual working face size was obtained by enlarging the model by 100 times. The experiment found that during the initial stage of mining, there was no significant subsidence of the roof. In the course of the advancement of the working face, the primary roof intermittently fractured behind the working face, with subsequent propagation of upper cracks in an upward direction. The overburden rock layer above the goaf experienced continuous compaction, leading to the gradual closure of the separation layer. Simultaneously, new cracks constantly emerged in front of the working face, resulting in the progressive stabilization of the height of the crack zone. The stress measurements at each point exhibit a pattern of initial increased, followed by decrease, and ultimately stabilization. By considering the stress variation law of the overburden rock, the stress changes in key layers of the bedrock during mining could be categorized into four zones: the stress stable zone, stress increasing zone, stress reducing zone, and compaction stable zone. During the initial phase of coal seam mining, the presence of rock layers provided support, resulting in minimal subsidence of the overburden rock. However, as the mining operation progressed, the disturbance force and collapse of the overburden rock leaded to further downward subsidence. When the working face reached the stop line, the collapsed overburden rock gradually consolidates, resulting in a deceleration of energy release and the formation of a pressure relief zone. Consequently, the overburden rock above the working face underwent a slight additional subsidence, reaching its maximum level. A short cantilever rock beam structure was formed in the experiment. This study will provide valuable reference for future coal mining and serve as a vital theoretical basis for roof control in deep coal seam mining.
煤矿开采对覆岩的移动影响较大,导致工作面存在安全隐患。本文对刘庄煤矿某工作面开采过程中覆岩迁移进行了相似模拟试验研究。采用砂石模拟各岩层的地质环境。利用应变片监测地层变形,利用摄像机记录上覆岩层的断裂和位移变化,利用红外热像仪监测顶板垮落特征。实验模型充分模拟了工作面情况,将模型放大100倍得到了实际工作面尺寸。试验发现,在采矿初期,顶板没有明显的下沉。在工作面推进过程中,工作面后方主顶板间歇性断裂,上部裂缝随后向上扩展。采空区上方覆岩层连续压实,导致离层逐渐闭合。同时,工作面前方不断出现新的裂缝,导致裂缝区高度逐渐稳定。各点应力测量呈现出先增大后减小,最后趋于稳定的规律。结合覆岩应力变化规律,将基岩关键层采动过程中的应力变化划分为应力稳定区、应力增加区、应力减小区和压实稳定区4个区域。在煤层开采的初始阶段,岩层的存在提供了支撑,导致覆岩的沉降最小。然而,随着采矿作业的进行,扰动力和覆岩的崩塌导致了进一步的向下沉陷。当工作面到达停止线时,坍塌的覆岩逐渐固结,导致能量释放减速,形成卸压区。因此,工作面上方覆岩发生了轻微的额外下沉,达到了最大水平。实验形成了短悬臂岩梁结构。该研究将为今后的煤矿开采提供有价值的参考,并为深部煤层开采顶板控制提供重要的理论依据。
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引用次数: 0
Report on the international workshop on seismic design and assessment for resilience, robustness and sustainability of slope engineering, 13–15 January 2023, Shanghai, China “边坡工程的抗震设计与评估”国际研讨会报告,2023年1月13-15日,上海,中国
Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-10-19 DOI: 10.1186/s40677-023-00251-8
Yu Huang, Wuwei Mao, Min Xiong, Yian Wang, Cuizhu Zhao, Zhengying He, Fawu Wang
Abstract The International Workshop on Seismic Design and Assessment for Resilience, Robustness and Sustainability of Slope Engineering was held on 13–15 January 2023 on line, focusing on the theme of “Seismic resilience of slope engineering and the concept of resilience-based seismic design (RBSD) for geological disaster prevention and control”. In this workshop, a number of keynote and invited lectures provided an international exchange platform for researchers, industrial engineers and students to share their research, engineering practice and exchange novel ideas on seismic resilience for slope engineering in a way of online. At the same time, during this workshop, technical committee of the ICGdR-TC1 also took this opportunity to hold a working meeting on cutting-edge and strategic issues, and released the Shanghai Declaration on slope engineering.
2023年1月13日至15日,“边坡工程的抗震设计与评估:韧性、稳健性和可持续性”国际研讨会在线召开,主题为“边坡工程的抗震弹性和基于弹性的地质灾害防治抗震设计(RBSD)概念”。在本次研讨会上,多场主题演讲和特邀演讲为研究人员、工业工程师和学生提供了一个国际交流平台,以在线的方式分享他们在边坡工程抗震弹性方面的研究和工程实践,并交流新的想法。同时,本次研讨会期间,ICGdR-TC1技术委员会也借此机会就前沿和战略问题召开了工作会议,并发布了《边坡工程上海宣言》。
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引用次数: 0
Stepwise integration of analytical hierarchy process with machine learning algorithms for landslide, gully erosion and flash flood susceptibility mapping over the North-Moungo perimeter, Cameroon 将层次分析法与机器学习算法逐步整合,用于喀麦隆北蒙戈周边地区的滑坡、沟壑侵蚀和山洪易感性测绘
Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-10-13 DOI: 10.1186/s40677-023-00254-5
Alfred Homère Ngandam Mfondoum, Pauline Wokwenmendam Nguet, Dieudonné Tchokona Seuwui, Jean Valéry Mefire Mfondoum, Henry Bang Ngenyam, Ibrahima Diba, Mesmin Tchindjang, Bertin Djiangoue, Ali Mihi, Sofia Hakdaoui, Roseline Batcha, Frédéric Chamberlain Lounang Tchatchouang, Igor Casimir Njombissie Petcheu, Luc Moutila Beni
Abstract Background The Cameroon Volcanic Line (CVL) is an oceanic-continental megastructure prone to geo-hazards, including landslide/mudslide, gully erosion and flash floods targeted in this paper. Recent geospatial practices advocated a multi-hazard analysis approach supported by artificial intelligence. This study proposes the Multi-Geoenvironmental Hazards Susceptibility (MGHS) tool, by combining Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) with Machine Learning (ML) over the North-Moungo perimeter (Littoral Region, Cameroon). Methods Twenty-four factors were constructed from satellite imagery, global geodatabase and fieldwork data. Multicollinearity among these factors was quantified using the tolerance coefficient (TOL) and variance inflation factor (VIF). The AHP coefficients were used to weigh the factors and produce a preliminary map per Geoenvironmental hazard through weighted linear combination (WLC). The sampling was conducted based on events records and analyst knowledge to proceed with classification using Google Earth Engine (GEE) cloud computing interface. Classification and Regression Trees (CART), Random Forest (RF) and Gradient Boosting Regression Trees (GBRT), were used as basic learners of the stacked hazard factors, whereas, Support Vector Regression (SVR), was used for a meta-learning. Results The rainfall was ranked as the highest triggering factor for all Geoenvironmental hazards according to AHP, with a coefficient of 1 , while the after-learning importance assessment was more varied. The area under receiver operating characteristic (AUROC/AUC) was always more than 0.96 , and F 1 -score is between [ 0.86–0.88 ] for basic classifiers. Landslides, gully erosion and flash floods showed different spatial distributions, confirming then their probability of co-occurrence. MGHS outputs clearly displayed two and three simultaneous occurrences. Finally, the human vulnerability assessed with population layer and SVR outputs showed that high human concentrations are also the most exposed, using the example of Nkongsamba’s extract. Conclusions Combining AHP with single learners, then a meta-learner, was efficient in modelling MGHS and related human vulnerability. Interactions among geo-environmental hazards are the next step and city councils are recommended to integrate results in the planning process.
喀麦隆火山线(CVL)是一个海洋-大陆巨型构造,极易发生滑坡/泥石流、沟壑区侵蚀和山洪暴发等地质灾害。最近的地理空间实践提倡一种由人工智能支持的多危害分析方法。本研究通过将分析层次分析法(AHP)与机器学习(ML)相结合,在北蒙戈周边(喀麦隆沿海地区)提出了多重地球环境灾害易感性(MGHS)工具。方法利用卫星影像、全球地理数据库和野外调查资料,构建24个因子。利用容差系数(TOL)和方差膨胀因子(VIF)量化了各因子之间的多重共线性关系。利用AHP系数对各因素进行加权,并通过加权线性组合法(WLC)得到各地质环境灾害的初步图。根据事件记录和分析人员的知识进行抽样,使用Google Earth Engine (GEE)云计算接口进行分类。使用分类回归树(CART)、随机森林(RF)和梯度增强回归树(GBRT)作为堆叠危险因素的基本学习器,使用支持向量回归(SVR)进行元学习。结果根据层次分析法,降雨是所有地质环境灾害的最高触发因素,其触发系数为1,而学习后重要性评价差异较大。接受者工作特征下面积(AUROC/AUC)均大于0.96,基本分类器的f1 -得分在[0.86-0.88]之间。滑坡、沟壑区侵蚀和山洪在空间上呈现出不同的分布特征,从而证实了它们共现的可能性。MGHS输出清楚地显示两个和三个同时发生的事件。最后,使用种群层和SVR输出评估的人类脆弱性表明,以Nkongsamba提取物为例,高浓度的人类暴露程度最高。结论将AHP与单一学习者结合,再结合元学习者,可以有效地模拟MGHS和相关的人类脆弱性。下一步是地质环境灾害之间的相互作用,建议市议会将结果纳入规划过程。
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引用次数: 0
Connecting community’s perspectives on tsunami risk to anticipated future tsunamis: a reflection from a progress of tsunami preparedness from a coastal community in Aceh-Indonesia after 19 years of the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami 将社区对海啸风险的看法与对未来海啸的预测联系起来:2004年印度洋海啸发生19年后,印度尼西亚亚齐省一个沿海社区对海啸防范工作进展的反思
Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-10-11 DOI: 10.1186/s40677-023-00252-7
None Benazir, None Syamsidik, Yunita Idris, Nadri Pratama Putra
Abstract This paper reflects on the progress of tsunami preparedness in a coastal community in Aceh, Indonesia, nearly two decades after the catastrophic 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami. The research employs a comprehensive approach to thoroughly evaluate and comprehend the community’s preparedness, its correlation with local perceptions of tsunami risk, and delves into the prevalence of tsunamis in the area, with a specific emphasis on the significant impact of the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami on the coastal community of Aceh. To investigate the community’s readiness and the potential impacts of tsunamis at the study site, tsunami simulations were performed using the shallow water equation within the COMCOT (Cornell Multi-grid Coupled Tsunami) model. These simulations assessed run-up and inundation scenarios, thereby providing justification for the potential tsunami impact in the area. Modelling the scenario of tsunami in the region is important to measure the potential impact and estimation time for community to prepare the evacuation plan. In addition to the numerical modeling, a mixed-method approach was employed, involving the distribution of questionnaires and conducting in-depth interviews with 150 respondents directly on-site. These assessments yielded valuable insights into community perspectives on tsunami risk and their preparedness measures. The findings contribute to the development of effective strategies for disaster management by integrating local knowledge, experiences, and socialization programs. The study emphasizes the significance of ongoing endeavors to enhance community preparedness and mitigate the consequences of tsunamis.
本文回顾了2004年灾难性的印度洋海啸发生近20年后,印度尼西亚亚齐一个沿海社区的海啸防备进展。该研究采用了一种全面的方法来彻底评估和了解该社区的准备情况及其与当地对海啸风险的认识的相关性,并深入研究了该地区海啸的发生率,特别强调了2004年印度洋海啸对亚齐沿海社区的重大影响。为了调查研究地点社区的准备情况和海啸的潜在影响,使用COMCOT (Cornell Multi-grid Coupled tsunami)模型中的浅水方程进行了海啸模拟。这些模拟评估了上升和淹没的情景,从而为该地区潜在的海啸影响提供了理由。模拟该地区的海啸情景对于衡量潜在影响和估计社区准备疏散计划的时间非常重要。在数值模拟的基础上,采用了混合方法,包括发放问卷和直接现场对150名受访者进行深度访谈。这些评估为社区对海啸风险及其防备措施的看法提供了宝贵的见解。研究结果有助于通过整合当地知识、经验和社会化项目,制定有效的灾害管理战略。该研究强调了加强社区准备和减轻海啸后果的持续努力的重要性。
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引用次数: 0
Can sediments play a role in river flood risk mapping? Learning from selected European examples 沉积物能否在河流洪水风险制图中发挥作用?从选定的欧洲例子中学习
Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-09-28 DOI: 10.1186/s40677-023-00250-9
Michael Nones, Yiwei Guo
Abstract Background Climate change and increasing anthropogenic pressure are two of the major drivers of increasing extreme events like droughts and floods. To deal with the increasing number of flooding events hitting Europe in the last few decades, around twenty years ago the European Commission started to develop ad-hoc legislation to reduce flood risk by mapping flood hazard and risk areas, such as the Directive 2007/60/EC on the Assessment and Management of Flood Risk. This Directive looks to identify regions where flood management strategies should be prioritized. Despite this holistic approach, flaws connected to the consideration of sediment transport and morphological changes in rivers exist, leading to potential underestimations of the impact of floods affecting active watercourses or areas subjected to frequent morphological changes. Results By discussing six examples related to European lowland and mountain watercourses affected by significant floods in the last 20 years, the present mini-review aims to provide additional evidence on the need for a rethinking of flood risk mapping, moving from a “clear water” perspective to a more integrated approach, where the interactions between all the fluvial components (water, sediment, biota, and humans) are adequately considered. Conclusions The examples reported here show the importance of considering sediment and wood in flood risk management, suggesting the need for integrating flood-related studies with other disciplines like geomorphology and ecohydrology.
气候变化和人为压力的增加是干旱和洪水等极端事件增加的两个主要驱动因素。在过去的几十年里,为了应对越来越多的洪水事件袭击欧洲,大约20年前,欧盟委员会开始制定特别立法,通过绘制洪水危害和风险区域来减少洪水风险,例如关于洪水风险评估和管理的2007/60/EC指令。该指令旨在确定应优先考虑洪水管理战略的地区。尽管采用了这种整体方法,但由于考虑了河流的泥沙运输和形态变化,存在缺陷,导致洪水对活跃水道或频繁形态变化地区的影响可能被低估。通过讨论过去20年受重大洪水影响的6个与欧洲低地和山地水道相关的例子,本综述旨在为重新思考洪水风险制图的必要性提供额外的证据,从“清水”的角度转向更综合的方法,其中充分考虑了所有河流成分(水、沉积物、生物群和人类)之间的相互作用。本文所报道的例子表明,考虑沉积物和木材在洪水风险管理中的重要性,表明需要将洪水相关研究与地貌学和生态水文学等其他学科相结合。
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引用次数: 1
Unified earthquake catalogue and mapping of Gutenberg–Richter parameters for the East African Rift System 东非大裂谷系统的统一地震目录和Gutenberg–Richter参数图
IF 4.8 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-09-06 DOI: 10.1186/s40677-023-00249-2
Alemayehu Letamo, B. Kavitha, T. P. Tezeswi
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Geoenvironmental Disasters
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