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Engineering geological characteristics and failure mechanics of Jure rock avalanche, Nepal 尼泊尔Jure岩崩的工程地质特征及破坏机理
Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-10-29 DOI: 10.1186/s40677-023-00256-3
Suman Panthee, Suman Dulal, Vishnu Himanshu Ratnam Pandey, Vikas Yadav, Prakash Kumar Singh, Ashutosh Kainthola
Abstract Introduction The rock avalanches are a frequent and disruptive phenomenon in the Himalayas and other mountain chains. To minimize future losses, it is essential to investigate the engineering geological causative factors and mechanism of these mass wasting events. Study area The present work is aimed at assessing the failure mechanism of the disastrous 2014 Jure rock avalanche along Araniko Highway, Northern Nepal. The event had blocked the Sunkoshi River and blocked an economically significant route to China. Geotechnical properties and analysis Initially, rockmass characterization and intact strength attribute were determined for the site to classify the failure zone. The parameters measured and obtained from the field and laboratory were integrated into the analytical models to obtain a conclusive interpretation of the failure mechanism. Structural, kinematic, and key block theory analyses have been carried out for decipher the evolution of the failure zone. Results and discussion Rock mass was found to be of fair quality, however, the structural instabilities and the presence of water has led to a progressive failure. Movement of the key block and subsequent sliding of wedges and foot failure appears to be a possible failure mechanism. Conclusion The present research explores the contributory engineering geological aspects of the Jure rock avalanche. The investigation results can be used to tackle similar large scale rock avalanches in similar geological terrains and thus minimizing the losses.
岩石雪崩是喜马拉雅山和其他山脉中频繁发生的破坏性现象。为尽量减少今后的损失,有必要研究这些大规模浪费事件的工程地质成因和机制。本研究旨在评估2014年尼泊尔北部Araniko公路沿线Jure岩崩的破坏机制。这一事件阻断了Sunkoshi河,并阻断了一条通往中国的重要经济路线。首先,确定岩体特征和完整强度属性,对破坏区域进行分类。从现场和实验室测量和获得的参数被整合到分析模型中,以获得对破坏机制的结论性解释。进行了构造、运动学和关键块体理论分析,以破译破坏区的演化。结果与讨论岩体质量尚可,但结构不稳定和水的存在导致了岩体的逐渐破坏。关键块的移动和随后的楔形滑动和脚破坏似乎是一种可能的破坏机制。结论本研究从工程地质角度探讨了汝尔岩崩的成因。调查结果可用于类似地质地形的类似大型岩石雪崩的处理,从而最大限度地减少损失。
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引用次数: 0
Experimental investigation on stress distribution and migration of the overburden during the mining process in deep coal seam mining 深部煤层开采过程中覆岩应力分布及迁移试验研究
Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-10-27 DOI: 10.1186/s40677-023-00253-6
Shoulong Ma, Mingwei Zhang, Lu Ma, Zhuangcai Tian, Xue Li, Zhenhao Su, Sicheng Bian
Abstract Coal mining has a significant impact on the movement of the overburden, leading to potential safety hazards in the working face. In this paper, a similarity simulation experiment was conducted to investigate the migration of overburden during the mining process of a specific working face in the Liuzhuang Coal Mine located in southern China. Sand and gravel were used to simulate the geological environment of each rock stratum. The deformation of the stratum was monitored using strain gauges, the fracture and displacement changes of the overburden stratum were recorded using cameras, and the characteristics of roof collapse was monitored using infrared thermal imager. The experimental model fully simulated the situation of the working face, and the actual working face size was obtained by enlarging the model by 100 times. The experiment found that during the initial stage of mining, there was no significant subsidence of the roof. In the course of the advancement of the working face, the primary roof intermittently fractured behind the working face, with subsequent propagation of upper cracks in an upward direction. The overburden rock layer above the goaf experienced continuous compaction, leading to the gradual closure of the separation layer. Simultaneously, new cracks constantly emerged in front of the working face, resulting in the progressive stabilization of the height of the crack zone. The stress measurements at each point exhibit a pattern of initial increased, followed by decrease, and ultimately stabilization. By considering the stress variation law of the overburden rock, the stress changes in key layers of the bedrock during mining could be categorized into four zones: the stress stable zone, stress increasing zone, stress reducing zone, and compaction stable zone. During the initial phase of coal seam mining, the presence of rock layers provided support, resulting in minimal subsidence of the overburden rock. However, as the mining operation progressed, the disturbance force and collapse of the overburden rock leaded to further downward subsidence. When the working face reached the stop line, the collapsed overburden rock gradually consolidates, resulting in a deceleration of energy release and the formation of a pressure relief zone. Consequently, the overburden rock above the working face underwent a slight additional subsidence, reaching its maximum level. A short cantilever rock beam structure was formed in the experiment. This study will provide valuable reference for future coal mining and serve as a vital theoretical basis for roof control in deep coal seam mining.
煤矿开采对覆岩的移动影响较大,导致工作面存在安全隐患。本文对刘庄煤矿某工作面开采过程中覆岩迁移进行了相似模拟试验研究。采用砂石模拟各岩层的地质环境。利用应变片监测地层变形,利用摄像机记录上覆岩层的断裂和位移变化,利用红外热像仪监测顶板垮落特征。实验模型充分模拟了工作面情况,将模型放大100倍得到了实际工作面尺寸。试验发现,在采矿初期,顶板没有明显的下沉。在工作面推进过程中,工作面后方主顶板间歇性断裂,上部裂缝随后向上扩展。采空区上方覆岩层连续压实,导致离层逐渐闭合。同时,工作面前方不断出现新的裂缝,导致裂缝区高度逐渐稳定。各点应力测量呈现出先增大后减小,最后趋于稳定的规律。结合覆岩应力变化规律,将基岩关键层采动过程中的应力变化划分为应力稳定区、应力增加区、应力减小区和压实稳定区4个区域。在煤层开采的初始阶段,岩层的存在提供了支撑,导致覆岩的沉降最小。然而,随着采矿作业的进行,扰动力和覆岩的崩塌导致了进一步的向下沉陷。当工作面到达停止线时,坍塌的覆岩逐渐固结,导致能量释放减速,形成卸压区。因此,工作面上方覆岩发生了轻微的额外下沉,达到了最大水平。实验形成了短悬臂岩梁结构。该研究将为今后的煤矿开采提供有价值的参考,并为深部煤层开采顶板控制提供重要的理论依据。
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引用次数: 0
Report on the international workshop on seismic design and assessment for resilience, robustness and sustainability of slope engineering, 13–15 January 2023, Shanghai, China “边坡工程的抗震设计与评估”国际研讨会报告,2023年1月13-15日,上海,中国
Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-10-19 DOI: 10.1186/s40677-023-00251-8
Yu Huang, Wuwei Mao, Min Xiong, Yian Wang, Cuizhu Zhao, Zhengying He, Fawu Wang
Abstract The International Workshop on Seismic Design and Assessment for Resilience, Robustness and Sustainability of Slope Engineering was held on 13–15 January 2023 on line, focusing on the theme of “Seismic resilience of slope engineering and the concept of resilience-based seismic design (RBSD) for geological disaster prevention and control”. In this workshop, a number of keynote and invited lectures provided an international exchange platform for researchers, industrial engineers and students to share their research, engineering practice and exchange novel ideas on seismic resilience for slope engineering in a way of online. At the same time, during this workshop, technical committee of the ICGdR-TC1 also took this opportunity to hold a working meeting on cutting-edge and strategic issues, and released the Shanghai Declaration on slope engineering.
2023年1月13日至15日,“边坡工程的抗震设计与评估:韧性、稳健性和可持续性”国际研讨会在线召开,主题为“边坡工程的抗震弹性和基于弹性的地质灾害防治抗震设计(RBSD)概念”。在本次研讨会上,多场主题演讲和特邀演讲为研究人员、工业工程师和学生提供了一个国际交流平台,以在线的方式分享他们在边坡工程抗震弹性方面的研究和工程实践,并交流新的想法。同时,本次研讨会期间,ICGdR-TC1技术委员会也借此机会就前沿和战略问题召开了工作会议,并发布了《边坡工程上海宣言》。
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引用次数: 0
Stepwise integration of analytical hierarchy process with machine learning algorithms for landslide, gully erosion and flash flood susceptibility mapping over the North-Moungo perimeter, Cameroon 将层次分析法与机器学习算法逐步整合,用于喀麦隆北蒙戈周边地区的滑坡、沟壑侵蚀和山洪易感性测绘
Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-10-13 DOI: 10.1186/s40677-023-00254-5
Alfred Homère Ngandam Mfondoum, Pauline Wokwenmendam Nguet, Dieudonné Tchokona Seuwui, Jean Valéry Mefire Mfondoum, Henry Bang Ngenyam, Ibrahima Diba, Mesmin Tchindjang, Bertin Djiangoue, Ali Mihi, Sofia Hakdaoui, Roseline Batcha, Frédéric Chamberlain Lounang Tchatchouang, Igor Casimir Njombissie Petcheu, Luc Moutila Beni
Abstract Background The Cameroon Volcanic Line (CVL) is an oceanic-continental megastructure prone to geo-hazards, including landslide/mudslide, gully erosion and flash floods targeted in this paper. Recent geospatial practices advocated a multi-hazard analysis approach supported by artificial intelligence. This study proposes the Multi-Geoenvironmental Hazards Susceptibility (MGHS) tool, by combining Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) with Machine Learning (ML) over the North-Moungo perimeter (Littoral Region, Cameroon). Methods Twenty-four factors were constructed from satellite imagery, global geodatabase and fieldwork data. Multicollinearity among these factors was quantified using the tolerance coefficient (TOL) and variance inflation factor (VIF). The AHP coefficients were used to weigh the factors and produce a preliminary map per Geoenvironmental hazard through weighted linear combination (WLC). The sampling was conducted based on events records and analyst knowledge to proceed with classification using Google Earth Engine (GEE) cloud computing interface. Classification and Regression Trees (CART), Random Forest (RF) and Gradient Boosting Regression Trees (GBRT), were used as basic learners of the stacked hazard factors, whereas, Support Vector Regression (SVR), was used for a meta-learning. Results The rainfall was ranked as the highest triggering factor for all Geoenvironmental hazards according to AHP, with a coefficient of 1 , while the after-learning importance assessment was more varied. The area under receiver operating characteristic (AUROC/AUC) was always more than 0.96 , and F 1 -score is between [ 0.86–0.88 ] for basic classifiers. Landslides, gully erosion and flash floods showed different spatial distributions, confirming then their probability of co-occurrence. MGHS outputs clearly displayed two and three simultaneous occurrences. Finally, the human vulnerability assessed with population layer and SVR outputs showed that high human concentrations are also the most exposed, using the example of Nkongsamba’s extract. Conclusions Combining AHP with single learners, then a meta-learner, was efficient in modelling MGHS and related human vulnerability. Interactions among geo-environmental hazards are the next step and city councils are recommended to integrate results in the planning process.
喀麦隆火山线(CVL)是一个海洋-大陆巨型构造,极易发生滑坡/泥石流、沟壑区侵蚀和山洪暴发等地质灾害。最近的地理空间实践提倡一种由人工智能支持的多危害分析方法。本研究通过将分析层次分析法(AHP)与机器学习(ML)相结合,在北蒙戈周边(喀麦隆沿海地区)提出了多重地球环境灾害易感性(MGHS)工具。方法利用卫星影像、全球地理数据库和野外调查资料,构建24个因子。利用容差系数(TOL)和方差膨胀因子(VIF)量化了各因子之间的多重共线性关系。利用AHP系数对各因素进行加权,并通过加权线性组合法(WLC)得到各地质环境灾害的初步图。根据事件记录和分析人员的知识进行抽样,使用Google Earth Engine (GEE)云计算接口进行分类。使用分类回归树(CART)、随机森林(RF)和梯度增强回归树(GBRT)作为堆叠危险因素的基本学习器,使用支持向量回归(SVR)进行元学习。结果根据层次分析法,降雨是所有地质环境灾害的最高触发因素,其触发系数为1,而学习后重要性评价差异较大。接受者工作特征下面积(AUROC/AUC)均大于0.96,基本分类器的f1 -得分在[0.86-0.88]之间。滑坡、沟壑区侵蚀和山洪在空间上呈现出不同的分布特征,从而证实了它们共现的可能性。MGHS输出清楚地显示两个和三个同时发生的事件。最后,使用种群层和SVR输出评估的人类脆弱性表明,以Nkongsamba提取物为例,高浓度的人类暴露程度最高。结论将AHP与单一学习者结合,再结合元学习者,可以有效地模拟MGHS和相关的人类脆弱性。下一步是地质环境灾害之间的相互作用,建议市议会将结果纳入规划过程。
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引用次数: 0
Connecting community’s perspectives on tsunami risk to anticipated future tsunamis: a reflection from a progress of tsunami preparedness from a coastal community in Aceh-Indonesia after 19 years of the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami 将社区对海啸风险的看法与对未来海啸的预测联系起来:2004年印度洋海啸发生19年后,印度尼西亚亚齐省一个沿海社区对海啸防范工作进展的反思
Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-10-11 DOI: 10.1186/s40677-023-00252-7
None Benazir, None Syamsidik, Yunita Idris, Nadri Pratama Putra
Abstract This paper reflects on the progress of tsunami preparedness in a coastal community in Aceh, Indonesia, nearly two decades after the catastrophic 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami. The research employs a comprehensive approach to thoroughly evaluate and comprehend the community’s preparedness, its correlation with local perceptions of tsunami risk, and delves into the prevalence of tsunamis in the area, with a specific emphasis on the significant impact of the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami on the coastal community of Aceh. To investigate the community’s readiness and the potential impacts of tsunamis at the study site, tsunami simulations were performed using the shallow water equation within the COMCOT (Cornell Multi-grid Coupled Tsunami) model. These simulations assessed run-up and inundation scenarios, thereby providing justification for the potential tsunami impact in the area. Modelling the scenario of tsunami in the region is important to measure the potential impact and estimation time for community to prepare the evacuation plan. In addition to the numerical modeling, a mixed-method approach was employed, involving the distribution of questionnaires and conducting in-depth interviews with 150 respondents directly on-site. These assessments yielded valuable insights into community perspectives on tsunami risk and their preparedness measures. The findings contribute to the development of effective strategies for disaster management by integrating local knowledge, experiences, and socialization programs. The study emphasizes the significance of ongoing endeavors to enhance community preparedness and mitigate the consequences of tsunamis.
本文回顾了2004年灾难性的印度洋海啸发生近20年后,印度尼西亚亚齐一个沿海社区的海啸防备进展。该研究采用了一种全面的方法来彻底评估和了解该社区的准备情况及其与当地对海啸风险的认识的相关性,并深入研究了该地区海啸的发生率,特别强调了2004年印度洋海啸对亚齐沿海社区的重大影响。为了调查研究地点社区的准备情况和海啸的潜在影响,使用COMCOT (Cornell Multi-grid Coupled tsunami)模型中的浅水方程进行了海啸模拟。这些模拟评估了上升和淹没的情景,从而为该地区潜在的海啸影响提供了理由。模拟该地区的海啸情景对于衡量潜在影响和估计社区准备疏散计划的时间非常重要。在数值模拟的基础上,采用了混合方法,包括发放问卷和直接现场对150名受访者进行深度访谈。这些评估为社区对海啸风险及其防备措施的看法提供了宝贵的见解。研究结果有助于通过整合当地知识、经验和社会化项目,制定有效的灾害管理战略。该研究强调了加强社区准备和减轻海啸后果的持续努力的重要性。
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引用次数: 0
Can sediments play a role in river flood risk mapping? Learning from selected European examples 沉积物能否在河流洪水风险制图中发挥作用?从选定的欧洲例子中学习
Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-09-28 DOI: 10.1186/s40677-023-00250-9
Michael Nones, Yiwei Guo
Abstract Background Climate change and increasing anthropogenic pressure are two of the major drivers of increasing extreme events like droughts and floods. To deal with the increasing number of flooding events hitting Europe in the last few decades, around twenty years ago the European Commission started to develop ad-hoc legislation to reduce flood risk by mapping flood hazard and risk areas, such as the Directive 2007/60/EC on the Assessment and Management of Flood Risk. This Directive looks to identify regions where flood management strategies should be prioritized. Despite this holistic approach, flaws connected to the consideration of sediment transport and morphological changes in rivers exist, leading to potential underestimations of the impact of floods affecting active watercourses or areas subjected to frequent morphological changes. Results By discussing six examples related to European lowland and mountain watercourses affected by significant floods in the last 20 years, the present mini-review aims to provide additional evidence on the need for a rethinking of flood risk mapping, moving from a “clear water” perspective to a more integrated approach, where the interactions between all the fluvial components (water, sediment, biota, and humans) are adequately considered. Conclusions The examples reported here show the importance of considering sediment and wood in flood risk management, suggesting the need for integrating flood-related studies with other disciplines like geomorphology and ecohydrology.
气候变化和人为压力的增加是干旱和洪水等极端事件增加的两个主要驱动因素。在过去的几十年里,为了应对越来越多的洪水事件袭击欧洲,大约20年前,欧盟委员会开始制定特别立法,通过绘制洪水危害和风险区域来减少洪水风险,例如关于洪水风险评估和管理的2007/60/EC指令。该指令旨在确定应优先考虑洪水管理战略的地区。尽管采用了这种整体方法,但由于考虑了河流的泥沙运输和形态变化,存在缺陷,导致洪水对活跃水道或频繁形态变化地区的影响可能被低估。通过讨论过去20年受重大洪水影响的6个与欧洲低地和山地水道相关的例子,本综述旨在为重新思考洪水风险制图的必要性提供额外的证据,从“清水”的角度转向更综合的方法,其中充分考虑了所有河流成分(水、沉积物、生物群和人类)之间的相互作用。本文所报道的例子表明,考虑沉积物和木材在洪水风险管理中的重要性,表明需要将洪水相关研究与地貌学和生态水文学等其他学科相结合。
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引用次数: 1
Unified earthquake catalogue and mapping of Gutenberg–Richter parameters for the East African Rift System 东非大裂谷系统的统一地震目录和Gutenberg–Richter参数图
IF 4.8 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-09-06 DOI: 10.1186/s40677-023-00249-2
Alemayehu Letamo, B. Kavitha, T. P. Tezeswi
{"title":"Unified earthquake catalogue and mapping of Gutenberg–Richter parameters for the East African Rift System","authors":"Alemayehu Letamo, B. Kavitha, T. P. Tezeswi","doi":"10.1186/s40677-023-00249-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40677-023-00249-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37025,"journal":{"name":"Geoenvironmental Disasters","volume":"10 1","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2023-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41449239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Morphotectonic controls on hydro-environmental hazards in rift basins: a case study from Southern Suez Canal Province, Egypt 裂谷盆地水文环境危害的形态构造控制——以埃及苏伊士运河南部省为例
IF 4.8 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-08-23 DOI: 10.1186/s40677-023-00248-3
A. El-Rayes, M. Arnous, E. Shendi, Mohamed H. Geriesh, Ranem A. Gharib
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引用次数: 0
Subcutaneous Infliximab in Refractory Crohn's Disease Patients: A Possible Biobetter? 皮下英夫利昔单抗治疗难治性克罗恩病患者:一种可能的生物better?
IF 1.4 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-07-25 eCollection Date: 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.1093/crocol/otad040
Karin Cerna, Dana Duricova, Martin Lukas, Martin Kolar, Nadezda Machkova, Veronika Hruba, Katarina Mitrova, Kristyna Kubickova, Marta Kostrejova, Jakub Jirsa, Kristyna Kastylova, Stepan Peterka, Gabriela Vojtechova, Milan Lukas

Background: A subcutaneous formulation of infliximab (IFX-SC) approved to treat patients with inflammatory bowel disease may offer improved efficacy versus intravenous infliximab.

Methods: Patients with refractory Crohn's disease (CD, n = 32) previously treated unsuccessfully with at least 2 biologics were treated with IFX-SC and followed from baseline at Week 0 (W0) to Week 30 (W30). The study's primary endpoint was the treatment's persistence at W30, while secondary goals included the analysis of serum infliximab trough levels (TL IFX), dynamics of anti-IFX antibodies (ATIs), and clinical, serum and fecal markers of CD activity during IFX-SC treatment.

Results: Midterm treatment persistence with the continuation of treatment after W30 was 53%. TL IFX median values showed rapid, significant upward dynamics and exceeded 15.5 μg/mL at W30, whereas median ATI levels significantly declined. Among ATI-negative patients at W0 (n = 15), only one showed IFX immunogenicity with newly developed ATIs at W30. Among ATI-positive patients at W0, ATI seroconversion from ATI-positive to ATI-negative status was observed in 10 of 17 patients (58.8%). Patients who had continued IFX-SC treatment at W30 showed significant decreases in C-reactive protein (P = .0341), fecal calprotectin (P = .0002), and Harvey-Bradshaw index (P = .0029) since W0.

Conclusions: Patients with refractory CD previously treated with at least 2 biologics exhibited clinically relevant improvement with IFX-SC, which showed less immunogenic potential than IFX-IV and highly stable TL IFX.

背景:一种被批准用于治疗炎症性肠病患者的英夫利昔单抗(IFX-SC)皮下制剂可能比静脉注射英夫利昔单抗提供更好的疗效。方法:难治性克罗恩病(CD, n = 32)患者先前接受至少2种生物制剂治疗失败,接受IFX-SC治疗,并在第0周(W0)至第30周(W30)从基线进行随访。该研究的主要终点是治疗在W30时的持续性,而次要目标包括分析血清英夫利昔单抗谷底水平(TL -IFX),抗IFX抗体(ATIs)的动态,以及IFX- sc治疗期间CD活性的临床、血清和粪便标志物。结果:W30后中期治疗持续率为53%。TL IFX中位数呈快速显著上升趋势,在W30时超过15.5 μg/mL,而ATI中位数水平显著下降。在W0时ati阴性的患者中(n = 15),只有1例在W30时新发ATIs显示IFX免疫原性。在W0时ATI阳性的患者中,17例患者中有10例(58.8%)出现ATI血清从阳性到阴性的转化。在W30继续接受IFX-SC治疗的患者,自W0起,c反应蛋白(P = 0.041)、粪便钙保护蛋白(P = 0.0002)和Harvey-Bradshaw指数(P = 0.0029)显著降低。结论:先前接受过至少2种生物制剂治疗的难治性CD患者,IFX- sc表现出临床相关的改善,其免疫原性潜力低于IFX- iv和高度稳定的TL IFX。
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引用次数: 0
Numerical simulation study on the evolution characteristics of the stress induced by mining in deep adjacent working faces 深邻工作面采动应力演化特征的数值模拟研究
IF 4.8 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-07-13 DOI: 10.1186/s40677-023-00247-4
S. Ma, M. Zhang, Lu Ma, Zhuangcai Tian, Xue Li, Zhenhao Su
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引用次数: 1
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Geoenvironmental Disasters
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