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Study on dynamic mechanism of granular flow erosion and entrainment based on DEM theory 基于 DEM 理论的颗粒流侵蚀和夹带动态机理研究
IF 4.8 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-07-02 DOI: 10.1186/s40677-024-00278-5
Xurong He, Xiewen Hu, Zihao Huo, Jianfeng Tang, Shilin Zhang
Granular flows are common on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau and the Hengduan Mountains in China, and their dynamic process processes have obvious erosional and entrainment effects. On the one hand, the volume of the granular flow increases by a factor of several or ten, which significantly increases its ability to cause a catastrophe; on the other hand, the eroded loose material affects the granular flow dynamics process and changes its state of motion. In this paper, the dynamic mechanism of granular flow erosion and entrainment is investigated by DEM simulation. The effects of different substrate materials and substrate boundary conditions on granular flow erosion and entrainment are analyzed, and the effects of material mixing caused by erosion and entrainment on the state of motion of granular flow are discussed. It was verified that the kinetic mechanisms of granular flow erosion and entrainment includes impact erosion, ploughing, and shear abrasion. And discovered that small matrix particle size, small matrix boundary friction, and small matrix thickness lead to stronger ploughing and shear abrasion; Large matrix fractal dimensions result in stronger ploughing and weaker shear abrasion, and the granular flow does not entrain large amounts of material to the accumulation zone. Meanwhile, the dynamics of erosion and entrainment of granular flow were investigated, and the results showed that: 1. The greater the erosion rate, the greater the velocity and kinetic energy of the granular flow, the greater the distance traveled, and the smaller the apparent friction angle (i.e., the greater the mobility). 2. The amount of small granules in a granular flow changes its fluidity, the more small granules there are, the more fluid it is. 3. The fit reveals that the substrate fractal dimension has the strongest effect on the velocity and kinetic energy of granular flow, followed by substrate thickness and substrate boundary friction.
颗粒流在我国青藏高原和横断山脉十分常见,其动力过程过程具有明显的侵蚀和夹带效应。一方面,颗粒流的体积以几倍或十几倍的速度增大,致灾能力显著增强;另一方面,被侵蚀的松散物质会影响颗粒流的动力过程,改变其运动状态。本文通过 DEM 仿真研究了颗粒流侵蚀和夹带的动力学机理。分析了不同基质材料和基质边界条件对颗粒流侵蚀和夹带的影响,讨论了侵蚀和夹带引起的物质混合对颗粒流运动状态的影响。验证了颗粒流侵蚀和夹带的动力学机制包括冲击侵蚀、犁蚀和剪切磨蚀。并发现基质粒径小、基质边界摩擦力小、基质厚度小会导致较强的犁蚀和剪切磨损;基质分形尺寸大会导致较强的犁蚀和较弱的剪切磨损,颗粒流不会夹带大量物质到堆积区。同时,研究了颗粒流的侵蚀和夹带动力学,结果表明: 1:1.侵蚀速率越大,颗粒流的速度和动能越大,移动距离越远,表观摩擦角越小(即流动性越大)。2.颗粒流中小颗粒的数量会改变其流动性,小颗粒越多,流动性越强。3.拟合结果表明,基底分形维度对颗粒流动的速度和动能影响最大,其次是基底厚度和基底边界摩擦。
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引用次数: 0
Assessment of immediate and five-year earthquake impacts on river systems in sabah, Malaysia using multi-temporal satellite imageries 利用多时卫星成像评估地震对马来西亚沙巴州河流系统的直接影响和五年影响
IF 4.8 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2024-05-15 DOI: 10.1186/s40677-024-00276-7
Lee Ting Chai, Anand Nainar, Rodeano Roslee, Wilson Vun Chiong Wong, M. Phua
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引用次数: 0
Co-seismic deformation and related hazards associated with the 2022 Mw 5.6 Cianjur earthquake in West Java, Indonesia: insights from combined seismological analysis, DInSAR, and geomorphological investigations 印度尼西亚西爪哇 2022 年 5.6 级 Cianjur 地震引发的共震变形及相关危害:地震学分析、DInSAR 和地貌学调查的综合启示
IF 4.8 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2024-05-07 DOI: 10.1186/s40677-024-00277-6
Danang Sri Hadmoko, Sandy Budi Wibowo, Dimas Salomo J. Sianipar, Daryono Daryono, Mohammad Naufal Fathoni, Rohanita Setia Pratiwi, Eko Haryono, Franck Lavigne
On November 21, 2022, a magnitude Mw 5.6 earthquake struck Cianjur Regency in the West Java Province of Indonesia. It was followed by at least 512 aftershocks that persisted from November to June 2023. This seismic event occurred in an area previously unrecognized as an active fault zone. The consequences of this earthquake in Cianjur were severe, leading to both loss of life and extensive structural damage. The substantial damage to buildings was likely a result of abrupt alterations in the local topography due to surface deformation effects. This research endeavor aims to spatially determine the patterns of ground surface deformation and its relationship with local geomorphological setting due to earthquakes in Cianjur in 2022. In this study we conduct seismological analysis of 45 seismic stations, statistical analysis of mainshock and aftershocks data, RADAR Sentinel-1 imagery and employed the DInSAR methodology. Field survey was also conducted to determine the geomorphological characteristics in the study area. The outcomes disclosed that the deformation encompassed both subsidence and uplift. The results signify that there was subsidence deformation in the vicinity of Cianjur and its environs during the primary earthquake on November 21, 2022, with an average deformation value of approximately -5 cm. In contrast, the measured deformation during the aftershocks exhibited uplift deformation, with an average value of 10 cm. The examination of deformation patterns amid the 2022 Cianjur earthquake sequence detects elevated deformation values in the vicinity of Cugenang district, with an orientation running from northwest to southeast. The geomorphological investigation conducted indicates that the region of Cianjur encompasses a variety of landforms, such as volcanic, structural, fluvial, and denudational. These landforms exhibit distinct responses to seismic activities. Co-seismic hazards, such as landslides frequently occur as a consequence of seismic events in mountainous terrain. Spatio-temporal variation of ground deformation could arise from various causes, such as the number and distribution of aftershocks, stress redistribution, fault interactions, secondary effects, and local geological settings. The mainshocks release accumulated stress along a fault, resulting in particular types of deformation, whereas aftershocks may redistribute stress exhibiting on adjacent faults. Secondary effects triggered by aftershocks, coupled with local geological and geomorphological conditions, further contribute to the diverse patterns of ground deformation observed during seismic events. The results of the study revealed that ground deformation had the greatest impact on fluvial, volcanic, and denudational processes, resulting in notable subsidence and uplift in specific regions. The occurrence and magnitude of co-seismic landslides were triggered by both mainshock and aftershock events, which occurred on weathered geological materials. These effects wer
2022 年 11 月 21 日,印度尼西亚西爪哇省仙朱尔地区发生 5.6 级地震。随后,至少 512 次余震从 11 月持续到 2023 年 6 月。这次地震发生在一个以前未被确认为活跃断层带的地区。这次地震在 Cianjur 造成了严重后果,既造成了人员伤亡,也造成了广泛的结构性破坏。建筑物的严重损坏很可能是地表变形效应导致当地地形突然改变的结果。本研究旨在从空间上确定 2022 年仙居地震造成的地表变形模式及其与当地地貌环境的关系。在这项研究中,我们对 45 个地震台站进行了地震学分析,对主震和余震数据、雷达哨兵-1 图像进行了统计分析,并采用了 DInSAR 方法。此外,还进行了实地调查,以确定研究区域的地貌特征。结果显示,变形包括下沉和隆起。结果表明,在 2022 年 11 月 21 日的主震期间,Cianjur 及其周边地区出现了下沉变形,平均变形值约为-5 厘米。相比之下,余震期间测量到的变形则表现为隆起变形,平均值为 10 厘米。对 2022 年仙居地震序列中的形变模式进行的研究发现,库根南地区附近的形变值较高,方向为西北至东南。所进行的地貌调查表明,仙居地区包含多种地貌,如火山地貌、结构地貌、河流地貌和剥蚀地貌。这些地貌对地震活动的反应各不相同。在山区地形中,由于地震活动的影响,经常出现山体滑坡等共震灾害。地表变形的时空变化有多种原因,如余震的数量和分布、应力重新分布、断层相互作用、次生效应和当地地质环境。主震会沿断层释放累积的应力,导致特定类型的变形,而余震则可能重新分配相邻断层上的应力。余震引发的次生效应,加上当地的地质和地貌条件,进一步促成了地震事件期间观察到的地面变形的多样化模式。研究结果表明,地面变形对河流、火山和剥蚀过程的影响最大,导致特定区域出现明显的沉降和隆起。主震和余震都引发了同震滑坡的发生和规模,这些滑坡发生在风化的地质材料上。同时出现的雨季进一步扩大了这些影响。从这项研究中获得的知识可用于评估地震的影响,并主动降低未来的风险。
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引用次数: 0
Development of an automated method for flood inundation monitoring, flood hazard, and soil erosion susceptibility assessment using machine learning and AHP–MCE techniques 利用机器学习和 AHP-MCE 技术开发洪水淹没监测、洪水灾害和土壤侵蚀易发性自动评估方法
IF 4.8 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2024-03-26 DOI: 10.1186/s40677-024-00275-8
A. Jaya Prakash, Sazeda Begam, Vít Vilímek, Sujoy Mudi, Pulakesh Das
Operational large-scale flood monitoring using publicly available satellite data is possible with the advent of Sentinel-1 microwave data, which enables near-real-time (at 6-day intervals) flood mapping day and night, even in cloudy monsoon seasons. Automated flood inundation area identification in near-real-time involves advanced geospatial data processing platforms, such as Google Earth Engine and robust methodology (Otsu’s algorithm). The current study employs Sentinel-1 microwave data for flood extent mapping using machine learning (ML) algorithms in Assam State, India. We generated a flood hazard and soil erosion susceptibility map by combining multi-source data on weather conditions and soil and terrain characteristics. Random Forest (RF), Classification and Regression Tool (CART), and Support Vector Machine (SVM) ML algorithms were applied to generate the flood hazard map. Furthermore, we employed the multicriteria evaluation (MCE) analytical hierarchical process (AHP) for soil erosion susceptibility mapping. The highest prediction accuracy was observed for the RF model (overall accuracy [OA] > 82%), followed by the SVM (OA > 82%) and CART (OA > 81%). Over 26% of the study area indicated high flood hazard-prone areas, and approximately 60% showed high and severe potential for soil erosion due to flooding. The automated flood mapping platform is an essential resource for emergency responders and decision-makers, as it helps to guide relief activities by identifying suitable regions and appropriate logistic route planning and improving the accuracy and timeliness ofemergency response efforts. Periodic flood inundation maps will help in long-term planning and policymaking, flood management, soil and biodiversity conservation, land degradation, planning sustainable agriculture interventions, crop insurance, and climate resilience studies.
随着哨兵 1 号微波数据的出现,利用公开卫星数据进行大规模洪水监测成为可能,该数据可实现日夜近实时(间隔 6 天)洪水测绘,即使在多云的季风季节也是如此。近实时洪水淹没区自动识别涉及先进的地理空间数据处理平台,如谷歌地球引擎和强大的方法论(大津算法)。当前的研究利用机器学习(ML)算法,采用哨兵-1 微波数据绘制印度阿萨姆邦的洪水范围图。我们结合有关天气条件、土壤和地形特征的多源数据,生成了洪水灾害和土壤侵蚀易感性地图。随机森林(RF)、分类与回归工具(CART)和支持向量机(SVM)ML 算法被用于生成洪水灾害地图。此外,我们还采用了多标准评价(MCE)分析层次过程(AHP)来绘制土壤侵蚀易发性地图。RF 模型的预测准确率最高(总体准确率 [OA] > 82%),其次是 SVM(OA > 82%)和 CART(OA > 81%)。超过 26% 的研究区域显示为洪水灾害高发区,约 60% 的区域显示洪水导致水土流失的可能性高且严重。自动洪水测绘平台是应急响应人员和决策者的重要资源,因为它有助于通过确定合适的区域和适当的后勤路线规划来指导救灾活动,并提高应急响应工作的准确性和及时性。定期绘制的洪水淹没图将有助于长期规划和决策、洪水管理、土壤和生物多样性保护、土地退化、可持续农业干预规划、作物保险和气候适应性研究。
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引用次数: 0
Comprehensive study of thunderstorm indices threshold favorable for thunderstorms during monsoon season using WRF–ARW model and ERA5 over India 利用 WRF-ARW 模型和 ERA5 对印度季风季节有利于雷暴的雷暴指数阈值进行综合研究
IF 4.8 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2024-03-04 DOI: 10.1186/s40677-023-00262-5
Unashish Mondal, Anish Kumar, S. K. Panda, Devesh Sharma, Someshwar Das
The current research investigates into the application of various thunderstorm indices to predict severe thunderstorm occurrences during the monsoon season across four distinct regions in India. Methods: The study assesses the prediction model’s efficacy using various skill scores and the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model has been integrated for 30 h with double moment microphysics scheme NSSL-17 which accurately reproduces vertical and meteorological measures. Furthermore, it investigates fifteen thunderstorm indices derived from the ERA5 dataset to identify the most effective index for forecasting severe thunderstorms. The results indicate that combining thunderstorm indices with skill scores, such as the Heidke Skill Score and True Skill Statistic, enhances the accuracy of severe thunderstorm predictions in the Indian monsoon season. The accurate predictions rely on determining optimal thresholds for each index. The study emphasizes the importance of using multiple indices rather relying solely on single measure for predicting severe thunderstorms. Advanced indices like the Energy Helicity Index (EHI) and Supercell Composite Parameter (SCP) perform well in forecasting extreme severe thunderstormsdue to their strong reliance on wind shears. The EHI (> 1), and SCP (≥ 3.5), STP (≥ 1.2) along with low SRH at 3 km (100 m2/s2), indicated no evidence of helicity or tornado activity during the event. On the other hand, the CAPE, K Index, and VT Index demonstrate robust predictive capabilities for non-severe category thunderstorms. Integrating numerous thunderstorm indices improves meteorologists’ forecasts, ensuring public safety.Based on this work, future research can improve severe weather forecasting models’ accuracy and reliability.
目前的研究调查了各种雷暴指数在预测印度四个不同地区季风季节严重雷暴发生情况中的应用。方法:研究使用各种技能评分来评估预测模型的功效,并将天气研究和预报(WRF)模型与双矩微物理方案 NSSL-17 集成 30 小时,该方案准确地再现了垂直和气象测量结果。此外,它还研究了从ERA5数据集得出的15个雷暴指数,以确定预报严重雷暴的最有效指数。结果表明,将雷暴指数与 Heidke Skill Score 和 True Skill Statistic 等技能分数相结合,可提高印度季风季节强雷暴预测的准确性。准确预测有赖于确定每个指数的最佳阈值。该研究强调了使用多种指数而非仅仅依靠单一指标预测严重雷暴的重要性。能量自转指数(EHI)和超级暴风圈综合参数(SCP)等高级指数在预报极端严重雷暴时表现出色,因为它们对风切变的依赖性很强。EHI (> 1)、SCP (≥ 3.5)、STP (≥ 1.2) 以及 3 km 处的低 SRH (100 m2/s2)表明,在此次事件中没有出现螺旋或龙卷风活动的迹象。另一方面,CAPE、K 指数和 VT 指数显示了对非严重类别雷暴的强大预测能力。在这项工作的基础上,未来的研究可以提高恶劣天气预报模型的准确性和可靠性。
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引用次数: 0
Quantitative risk assessment for static and mobile road users: methodology and application at A82 Glen Coe, Scotland 针对静态和移动道路使用者的定量风险评估:方法论及在苏格兰 A82 Glen Coe 的应用
IF 4.8 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2024-02-26 DOI: 10.1186/s40677-024-00274-9
M. G. Winter, T. Waaser, G. Fiddes
In August 2004 a series of debris flows caused significant disruption to the Scottish (strategic) Trunk Road Network. The subsequent Scottish Road Network Landslides Study identified a number of sites considered to be at highest risk. Some of these sites have been the subject of formal quantitative assessment of the risk from debris flow to mobile road users in vehicles. The A82 in Glen Coe has the added complication that two car parks have developed on debris fans exposing significant numbers of people to the risk while, they are essentially static and largely outside their vehicles. The risk to road users is determined using a previously developed probabilistic methodology for mobile road users (mobile elements at risk) and a new and related methodology developed for static road users (static elements at risk) is described and applied. Within the latter, an entirely new metric of Annual Average Daily Visits is used to allow the temporal component of the probability of a landslide impacting a person to be determined given the occurrence of an event. While Personal Individual Risk is at an acceptable level, including for frequent users, the risk presented to society as a whole presents a rather different picture; this is largely due to the number of visitors. The results assess the overall, societal risk for mobile elements at risk as As Low As reasonably Practicable, being at a similar level to other sites, albeit with a higher risk associated with higher numbers of fatalities. The results for the static elements at risk on the other hand suggest that the risks are classified as Unacceptable for higher numbers of fatalities. The assessment of the total societal risk, for mobile and static elements at risk, at the A82 Glen Coe suggests As Low As Reasonably Practicable for low numbers of fatalities but classify as Unacceptable for higher numbers of fatalities (around 20 to 250).
2004 年 8 月,一系列泥石流对苏格兰(战略)干线公路网造成了严重破坏。随后进行的苏格兰公路网山体滑坡研究确定了一些被认为风险最高的地点。其中一些地点已对泥石流对车辆移动道路使用者造成的风险进行了正式的定量评估。Glen Coe 的 A82 公路还有一个额外的复杂因素,那就是两个停车场都建在碎屑流上,这使得大量人员面临风险,而他们基本上是静止的,大部分都在车外。在确定道路使用者所面临的风险时,使用了之前针对移动道路使用者开发的概率方法(移动风险要素),并描述和应用了针对静态道路使用者开发的新的相关方法(静态风险要素)。在后者中,使用了一个全新的指标--年平均日访问量,以便在事件发生时确定滑坡影响个人概率的时间部分。虽然个人风险处于可接受的水平,包括经常使用者,但整个社会面临的风险却截然不同;这主要是由于游客数量造成的。根据评估结果,处于风险中的移动元素的整体社会风险为 "在合理可行的范围内尽可能低",与其他遗址的风险水平相似,尽管与较高的死亡人数相关的风险较高。另一方面,对存在风险的静态元素的评估结果表明,在死亡人数较高的情况下,其风险被归类为不可接受。对 A82 格伦-科伊公路(A82 Glen Coe)的移动和静态风险要素进行的社会总风险评估表明,如果死亡人数较低,则风险为 "合理可行的低风险",但如果死亡人数较高(约 20 至 250 人),则风险为 "不可接受"。
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引用次数: 0
Preliminary report of field reconnaissance on the 6 February 2023 Kahramanmaras Earthquakes in Türkiye 2023 年 2 月 6 日土耳其卡赫拉曼马拉什地震实地考察初步报告
IF 4.8 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2024-02-21 DOI: 10.1186/s40677-024-00272-x
Kongming Yan, Masakatsu Miyajima, Halil Kumsar, Ömer Aydan, Reşat Ulusay, Zhigang Tao, Ye Chen, Fawu Wang
On February 6, a successive rupture of major faults in the Eastern Anatolian Fault Zone and Cardak-Surgu fault triggered a strong mainshock (Mw 7.7) and a major aftershock (Mw 7.6) in Kahramanmaras. The successive earthquake sequence hit southern provinces in Türkiye and northern regions in Syria, causing severe fatality and economic loss. After the earthquakes, the International Consortium on Geo-disaster Reduction (ICGdR) organized an investigation team, involving specialists from China, Japan and Türkiye, to conduct a primary field reconnaissance on seismic damage of infrastructure and ground failures. The 10-day reconnaissance, including a mini-symposium at the Istanbul Technical University (ITU), was conducted from 25 March to 3 April and specifically focused on fault ruptures, liquefaction, landslide, rockfall and lateral spreading along the major ruptured faults from Antakya in Hatay to Goksun in Kahramanmaras, passing through provinces of Gaziantep, Adıyaman and Malatya. By this reconnaissance, a large amount of original seismic data was collected and a primary understanding was established for further steps on mitigation and reduction of seismic damages and its secondary geohazards.
2 月 6 日,东安纳托利亚断裂带和卡达克-苏尔古断裂的主要断层相继破裂,在卡赫拉曼马拉什引发了一次强烈的主震(7.7 级)和一次强烈的余震(7.6 级)。连续的地震袭击了土耳其南部省份和叙利亚北部地区,造成了严重的人员伤亡和经济损失。地震发生后,国际地质灾害减灾联合会(ICGdR)组织了一个由来自中国、日本和图尔 基耶的专家组成的调查小组,对地震造成的基础设施破坏和地面塌陷进行了初步实地考察。这次为期 10 天的考察,包括在伊斯坦布尔技术大学(ITU)举行的小型研讨会,于 3 月 25 日至 4 月 3 日进行,重点考察了从哈塔伊省 Antakya 到卡赫拉曼马拉什省 Goksun(途经加济安泰普省、阿德亚曼省和马拉蒂亚省)主要断裂断层沿线的断裂、液化、滑坡、落石和横向扩展情况。通过这次勘察,收集了大量原始地震数据,并为进一步采取措施减轻和减少地震破坏及其次生地质灾害建立了初步认识。
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引用次数: 0
Assessing the stability of underground caves through iSUMM (innovative, straightforward, user-friendly, mechanically-based method) 通过 iSUMM 评估地下洞穴的稳定性(创新、直接、用户友好、基于力学的方法)
IF 4.8 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2024-02-17 DOI: 10.1186/s40677-023-00264-3
Federica Angela Mevoli, Nunzio Luciano Fazio, Michele Perrotti, Piernicola Lollino
A huge number of sinkhole events has been recorded in different Italian urban areas, with an occurrence frequency largely increasing in the last decades, sometimes even causing loss of human lives. The main reason for such catastrophic events is the presence of man-made underground cavities, excavated within soft rocks, several decades ago and then abandoned, at shallow depths. Here, the possibility of interaction with overlying buildings and infrastructures and the corresponding sinkhole hazard is relatively high. In such contexts, the low mechanical properties of the soft rock formations where the cavities have been excavated, like those formed of calcarenites, which outcrop in large areas of Southern Italy, and their high susceptibility to weathering processes, represent one of the most important predisposing factors for instability. Therefore, assessing the stability of underground cavities is crucial for land management and planning purposes. The mechanically-based stability charts developed by Perrotti et al. (Int J Geomech 18(7):04018071, 2018) have proved to be a valid tool for preliminary stability assessment and, although allow to identify an eventual proneness of the cave to instability, they do not provide quantitative assessment about the safety margin itself. In that regard, this study intends to present the most recent outcomes obtained in the development of the methodology and is aimed at promoting an enhanced way for their application, so that the charts can become an operative tool for preliminary sinkhole hazard assessment in similar regions in the world.
意大利不同的城市地区记录了大量的天坑事件,其发生频率在过去几十年中大幅上升,有时甚至造成人员伤亡。发生此类灾难性事件的主要原因是几十年前在松软岩石中挖掘出的人工地下洞穴的存在,这些洞穴很浅,随后被废弃。在这种情况下,与上覆建筑物和基础设施发生相互作用的可能性以及相应的天坑危险相对较高。在这种情况下,挖掘出空洞的软岩层(如意大利南部大面积出露的方解石岩层)的机械性能较低,且极易受到风化过程的影响,是导致不稳定的最重要诱因之一。因此,评估地下空洞的稳定性对于土地管理和规划至关重要。Perrotti 等人开发的基于力学的稳定性图表(Int J Geomech 18(7):04018071,2018 年)已被证明是初步稳定性评估的有效工具,虽然可以确定洞穴最终的不稳定性,但并不能对安全系数本身进行量化评估。在这方面,本研究旨在介绍该方法开发过程中取得的最新成果,并旨在推广一种更好的应用方法,从而使该图表成为世界类似地区天坑危险初步评估的实用工具。
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引用次数: 0
Study on the correlation between real-time GNSS landslide acceleration monitoring and earthquake response: a case of May 2, 2023, MW = 5.2 Baoshan earthquake, Yunnan 全球导航卫星系统(GNSS)滑坡加速度实时监测与地震响应相关性研究:以 2023 年 5 月 2 日云南保山 5.2 级地震为例
IF 4.8 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2024-02-16 DOI: 10.1186/s40677-024-00273-w
Zhigang Tao, Mengnan Li, Qiru Sui, Yuting Mao, Manchao He, Yuebin Jiang
Earthquakes and landslides pose significant threats to human safety and property, necessitating early warning systems. However, the high construction costs of earthquake early warning systems present a challenge. Landslide warnings are more prevalent, so linking them to earthquake warnings could address cost concerns. Hence, it is crucial to validate the feasibility of utilizing GNSS landslide monitoring as assistance for earthquake early warning systems. This paper analyzes acceleration anomaly data from 31 GNSS landslide monitoring points near the epicenter of the May 2, 2023, MW = 5.2 Baoshan earthquake in Yunnan. The response time was determined as the time difference between an earthquake's occurrence and GNSS's acceleration anomalies. This calculation helps measure the time delay and sensitivity between these two events. Data were obtained from the geological disaster monitoring and early warning management system. GNSS landslide monitoring showed high sensitivity to nearby earthquakes. The fastest response time among the 31 data points was 8 seconds, while the slowest was 56 seconds, all falling within the one-minute mark. A linear correlation was found between acceleration anomaly response time and distance from the epicenter, indicating the feasibility of GNSS landslide monitoring-assisted earthquake monitoring. A proposal is made for a GNSS landslide monitoring cluster to establish a multi-dimensional landslideearthquake disaster warning system. This approach offers new methods for combining earthquake and landslide early warning systems, leveraging existing infrastructure for cost-effectiveness and enhancing disaster preparedness.
地震和山体滑坡对人类安全和财产构成重大威胁,因此有必要建立预警系统。然而,地震预警系统的建设成本较高,这是一个挑战。山体滑坡预警更为普遍,因此将其与地震预警联系起来可以解决成本问题。因此,验证利用全球导航卫星系统滑坡监测作为地震预警系统辅助手段的可行性至关重要。本文分析了 2023 年 5 月 2 日云南保山 MW=5.2 级地震震中附近 31 个 GNSS 滑坡监测点的加速度异常数据。响应时间被确定为地震发生与 GNSS 加速度异常之间的时间差。这种计算方法有助于测量这两个事件之间的时间延迟和灵敏度。数据来自地质灾害监测和预警管理系统。全球导航卫星系统滑坡监测显示出对附近地震的高度敏感性。在 31 个数据点中,反应时间最快的为 8 秒,最慢的为 56 秒,均在一分钟之内。加速度异常响应时间与震中距离之间呈线性相关,表明全球导航卫星系统滑坡监测辅助地震监测是可行的。建议利用全球导航卫星系统滑坡监测集群建立多维滑坡地震灾害预警系统。这种方法为地震和滑坡预警系统的结合提供了新的方法,可利用现有基础设施提高成本效益并加强备灾能力。
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引用次数: 0
Identification of the complete particle size distribution of landslide debris by the combined method of scaled image analysis, line-grid analysis and laboratory sieve analysis 通过缩放图像分析、线栅分析和实验室筛分分析的综合方法确定滑坡碎屑的完整粒度分布
IF 4.8 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2024-02-15 DOI: 10.1186/s40677-024-00270-z
Sandaruwan Karunarathna, Satoshi Goto, Sajith Bandaranayake, Priyantha Bandara
Ground failures in a slope due to gravity, are commonly known as landslides. Depend on the compositional, geological, and structural characteristics of the unstable initiation zone and the erosional composition of the propagation zone decide the complete particle size distribution of the moving mass and its gradation. This information is most important for the study of downslope movement. Only laboratory sieve analysis cannot fulfil this target because the natural debris contains a wide range of particle sizes, especially boulders. The combined method of scaled image analysis and laboratory sieve analysis or the combined method of line-grid analysis and laboratory sieve analysis was proposed to fulfil the requirement. To study the proposed combined methods, five different locations within the downslope propagation zone from the Aranayake landslide in Sri Lanka were surveyed and analyzed. In image analysis, the high-resolution scaled image of deposited debris was analyzed by computer-based image analysis for particle sizes. Small particles were addressed by the laboratory sieve analysis using the representative debris sample taken from the same location. If the boulder sizes within the debris are too big to address this method, then the Line-grid method was performed. The particles in every 0.5 m along a measured line of debris deposition were measured in this method. If the selected location contains small particles that cannot measured manually, the representative sample was used for the laboratory sieve analysis to fulfil this range. The results of three locations indicated a 40% distribution of < 10 mm and a 60% distribution of > 10 mm representing the general distribution of the debris. Two distributions deviated from the general distribution that was surveyed and analyzed from special locations of the “near boundary of flow path” and “slope change zone” of the landslide. The combined methodology yielded successful results of complete particle size distribution for the wide range of particle sizes in debris. The variation of the particle size distribution curves of debris along the downslope depositions is planned to be used for the study of downslope propagation, damage zone assessment studies, and predicting the representative composition of future failures.
由于重力作用,斜坡上的地面塌陷通常被称为滑坡。不稳定起始区的成分、地质和结构特征以及传播区的侵蚀成分决定了移动体的完整粒度分布及其分级。这些信息对于研究下坡运动最为重要。仅靠实验室筛分分析无法实现这一目标,因为天然碎屑含有多种粒度,尤其是巨石。为满足这一要求,提出了比例图像分析和实验室筛分分析相结合的方法,或线-网格分析和实验室筛分分析相结合的方法。为了研究建议的组合方法,我们对斯里兰卡 Aranayake 滑坡下坡传播区内的五个不同地点进行了勘测和分析。在图像分析方面,通过基于计算机的图像分析,对沉积碎屑的高分辨率缩放图像进行颗粒大小分析。小颗粒则通过从同一地点提取的具有代表性的泥石样本进行实验室筛分分析。如果碎屑中的巨石尺寸过大,无法用这种方法处理,则采用线-网格法。在此方法中,沿碎片沉积测量线每隔 0.5 米测量颗粒。如果所选地点含有无法人工测量的小颗粒,则使用具有代表性的样本进行实验室筛分分析,以满足这一范围的要求。三个地点的结果表明,10 毫米的分布占 40%,代表了碎片的总体分布。在滑坡的 "流道近边界 "和 "斜坡变化区 "的特殊位置进行的调查和分析显示,有两个分布偏离了总体分布。综合方法成功地得出了碎屑中各种粒径的完整粒径分布结果。计划将碎屑粒径分布曲线沿下坡沉积的变化用于下坡传播研究、破坏区评估研究以及预测未来崩塌的代表性成分。
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Geoenvironmental Disasters
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