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Development of an automated method for flood inundation monitoring, flood hazard, and soil erosion susceptibility assessment using machine learning and AHP–MCE techniques 利用机器学习和 AHP-MCE 技术开发洪水淹没监测、洪水灾害和土壤侵蚀易发性自动评估方法
IF 4.8 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-03-26 DOI: 10.1186/s40677-024-00275-8
A. Jaya Prakash, Sazeda Begam, Vít Vilímek, Sujoy Mudi, Pulakesh Das
Operational large-scale flood monitoring using publicly available satellite data is possible with the advent of Sentinel-1 microwave data, which enables near-real-time (at 6-day intervals) flood mapping day and night, even in cloudy monsoon seasons. Automated flood inundation area identification in near-real-time involves advanced geospatial data processing platforms, such as Google Earth Engine and robust methodology (Otsu’s algorithm). The current study employs Sentinel-1 microwave data for flood extent mapping using machine learning (ML) algorithms in Assam State, India. We generated a flood hazard and soil erosion susceptibility map by combining multi-source data on weather conditions and soil and terrain characteristics. Random Forest (RF), Classification and Regression Tool (CART), and Support Vector Machine (SVM) ML algorithms were applied to generate the flood hazard map. Furthermore, we employed the multicriteria evaluation (MCE) analytical hierarchical process (AHP) for soil erosion susceptibility mapping. The highest prediction accuracy was observed for the RF model (overall accuracy [OA] > 82%), followed by the SVM (OA > 82%) and CART (OA > 81%). Over 26% of the study area indicated high flood hazard-prone areas, and approximately 60% showed high and severe potential for soil erosion due to flooding. The automated flood mapping platform is an essential resource for emergency responders and decision-makers, as it helps to guide relief activities by identifying suitable regions and appropriate logistic route planning and improving the accuracy and timeliness ofemergency response efforts. Periodic flood inundation maps will help in long-term planning and policymaking, flood management, soil and biodiversity conservation, land degradation, planning sustainable agriculture interventions, crop insurance, and climate resilience studies.
随着哨兵 1 号微波数据的出现,利用公开卫星数据进行大规模洪水监测成为可能,该数据可实现日夜近实时(间隔 6 天)洪水测绘,即使在多云的季风季节也是如此。近实时洪水淹没区自动识别涉及先进的地理空间数据处理平台,如谷歌地球引擎和强大的方法论(大津算法)。当前的研究利用机器学习(ML)算法,采用哨兵-1 微波数据绘制印度阿萨姆邦的洪水范围图。我们结合有关天气条件、土壤和地形特征的多源数据,生成了洪水灾害和土壤侵蚀易感性地图。随机森林(RF)、分类与回归工具(CART)和支持向量机(SVM)ML 算法被用于生成洪水灾害地图。此外,我们还采用了多标准评价(MCE)分析层次过程(AHP)来绘制土壤侵蚀易发性地图。RF 模型的预测准确率最高(总体准确率 [OA] > 82%),其次是 SVM(OA > 82%)和 CART(OA > 81%)。超过 26% 的研究区域显示为洪水灾害高发区,约 60% 的区域显示洪水导致水土流失的可能性高且严重。自动洪水测绘平台是应急响应人员和决策者的重要资源,因为它有助于通过确定合适的区域和适当的后勤路线规划来指导救灾活动,并提高应急响应工作的准确性和及时性。定期绘制的洪水淹没图将有助于长期规划和决策、洪水管理、土壤和生物多样性保护、土地退化、可持续农业干预规划、作物保险和气候适应性研究。
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引用次数: 0
Comprehensive study of thunderstorm indices threshold favorable for thunderstorms during monsoon season using WRF–ARW model and ERA5 over India 利用 WRF-ARW 模型和 ERA5 对印度季风季节有利于雷暴的雷暴指数阈值进行综合研究
IF 4.8 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-03-04 DOI: 10.1186/s40677-023-00262-5
Unashish Mondal, Anish Kumar, S. K. Panda, Devesh Sharma, Someshwar Das
The current research investigates into the application of various thunderstorm indices to predict severe thunderstorm occurrences during the monsoon season across four distinct regions in India. Methods: The study assesses the prediction model’s efficacy using various skill scores and the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model has been integrated for 30 h with double moment microphysics scheme NSSL-17 which accurately reproduces vertical and meteorological measures. Furthermore, it investigates fifteen thunderstorm indices derived from the ERA5 dataset to identify the most effective index for forecasting severe thunderstorms. The results indicate that combining thunderstorm indices with skill scores, such as the Heidke Skill Score and True Skill Statistic, enhances the accuracy of severe thunderstorm predictions in the Indian monsoon season. The accurate predictions rely on determining optimal thresholds for each index. The study emphasizes the importance of using multiple indices rather relying solely on single measure for predicting severe thunderstorms. Advanced indices like the Energy Helicity Index (EHI) and Supercell Composite Parameter (SCP) perform well in forecasting extreme severe thunderstormsdue to their strong reliance on wind shears. The EHI (> 1), and SCP (≥ 3.5), STP (≥ 1.2) along with low SRH at 3 km (100 m2/s2), indicated no evidence of helicity or tornado activity during the event. On the other hand, the CAPE, K Index, and VT Index demonstrate robust predictive capabilities for non-severe category thunderstorms. Integrating numerous thunderstorm indices improves meteorologists’ forecasts, ensuring public safety.Based on this work, future research can improve severe weather forecasting models’ accuracy and reliability.
目前的研究调查了各种雷暴指数在预测印度四个不同地区季风季节严重雷暴发生情况中的应用。方法:研究使用各种技能评分来评估预测模型的功效,并将天气研究和预报(WRF)模型与双矩微物理方案 NSSL-17 集成 30 小时,该方案准确地再现了垂直和气象测量结果。此外,它还研究了从ERA5数据集得出的15个雷暴指数,以确定预报严重雷暴的最有效指数。结果表明,将雷暴指数与 Heidke Skill Score 和 True Skill Statistic 等技能分数相结合,可提高印度季风季节强雷暴预测的准确性。准确预测有赖于确定每个指数的最佳阈值。该研究强调了使用多种指数而非仅仅依靠单一指标预测严重雷暴的重要性。能量自转指数(EHI)和超级暴风圈综合参数(SCP)等高级指数在预报极端严重雷暴时表现出色,因为它们对风切变的依赖性很强。EHI (> 1)、SCP (≥ 3.5)、STP (≥ 1.2) 以及 3 km 处的低 SRH (100 m2/s2)表明,在此次事件中没有出现螺旋或龙卷风活动的迹象。另一方面,CAPE、K 指数和 VT 指数显示了对非严重类别雷暴的强大预测能力。在这项工作的基础上,未来的研究可以提高恶劣天气预报模型的准确性和可靠性。
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引用次数: 0
Quantitative risk assessment for static and mobile road users: methodology and application at A82 Glen Coe, Scotland 针对静态和移动道路使用者的定量风险评估:方法论及在苏格兰 A82 Glen Coe 的应用
IF 4.8 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-02-26 DOI: 10.1186/s40677-024-00274-9
M. G. Winter, T. Waaser, G. Fiddes
In August 2004 a series of debris flows caused significant disruption to the Scottish (strategic) Trunk Road Network. The subsequent Scottish Road Network Landslides Study identified a number of sites considered to be at highest risk. Some of these sites have been the subject of formal quantitative assessment of the risk from debris flow to mobile road users in vehicles. The A82 in Glen Coe has the added complication that two car parks have developed on debris fans exposing significant numbers of people to the risk while, they are essentially static and largely outside their vehicles. The risk to road users is determined using a previously developed probabilistic methodology for mobile road users (mobile elements at risk) and a new and related methodology developed for static road users (static elements at risk) is described and applied. Within the latter, an entirely new metric of Annual Average Daily Visits is used to allow the temporal component of the probability of a landslide impacting a person to be determined given the occurrence of an event. While Personal Individual Risk is at an acceptable level, including for frequent users, the risk presented to society as a whole presents a rather different picture; this is largely due to the number of visitors. The results assess the overall, societal risk for mobile elements at risk as As Low As reasonably Practicable, being at a similar level to other sites, albeit with a higher risk associated with higher numbers of fatalities. The results for the static elements at risk on the other hand suggest that the risks are classified as Unacceptable for higher numbers of fatalities. The assessment of the total societal risk, for mobile and static elements at risk, at the A82 Glen Coe suggests As Low As Reasonably Practicable for low numbers of fatalities but classify as Unacceptable for higher numbers of fatalities (around 20 to 250).
2004 年 8 月,一系列泥石流对苏格兰(战略)干线公路网造成了严重破坏。随后进行的苏格兰公路网山体滑坡研究确定了一些被认为风险最高的地点。其中一些地点已对泥石流对车辆移动道路使用者造成的风险进行了正式的定量评估。Glen Coe 的 A82 公路还有一个额外的复杂因素,那就是两个停车场都建在碎屑流上,这使得大量人员面临风险,而他们基本上是静止的,大部分都在车外。在确定道路使用者所面临的风险时,使用了之前针对移动道路使用者开发的概率方法(移动风险要素),并描述和应用了针对静态道路使用者开发的新的相关方法(静态风险要素)。在后者中,使用了一个全新的指标--年平均日访问量,以便在事件发生时确定滑坡影响个人概率的时间部分。虽然个人风险处于可接受的水平,包括经常使用者,但整个社会面临的风险却截然不同;这主要是由于游客数量造成的。根据评估结果,处于风险中的移动元素的整体社会风险为 "在合理可行的范围内尽可能低",与其他遗址的风险水平相似,尽管与较高的死亡人数相关的风险较高。另一方面,对存在风险的静态元素的评估结果表明,在死亡人数较高的情况下,其风险被归类为不可接受。对 A82 格伦-科伊公路(A82 Glen Coe)的移动和静态风险要素进行的社会总风险评估表明,如果死亡人数较低,则风险为 "合理可行的低风险",但如果死亡人数较高(约 20 至 250 人),则风险为 "不可接受"。
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引用次数: 0
Preliminary report of field reconnaissance on the 6 February 2023 Kahramanmaras Earthquakes in Türkiye 2023 年 2 月 6 日土耳其卡赫拉曼马拉什地震实地考察初步报告
IF 4.8 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-02-21 DOI: 10.1186/s40677-024-00272-x
Kongming Yan, Masakatsu Miyajima, Halil Kumsar, Ömer Aydan, Reşat Ulusay, Zhigang Tao, Ye Chen, Fawu Wang
On February 6, a successive rupture of major faults in the Eastern Anatolian Fault Zone and Cardak-Surgu fault triggered a strong mainshock (Mw 7.7) and a major aftershock (Mw 7.6) in Kahramanmaras. The successive earthquake sequence hit southern provinces in Türkiye and northern regions in Syria, causing severe fatality and economic loss. After the earthquakes, the International Consortium on Geo-disaster Reduction (ICGdR) organized an investigation team, involving specialists from China, Japan and Türkiye, to conduct a primary field reconnaissance on seismic damage of infrastructure and ground failures. The 10-day reconnaissance, including a mini-symposium at the Istanbul Technical University (ITU), was conducted from 25 March to 3 April and specifically focused on fault ruptures, liquefaction, landslide, rockfall and lateral spreading along the major ruptured faults from Antakya in Hatay to Goksun in Kahramanmaras, passing through provinces of Gaziantep, Adıyaman and Malatya. By this reconnaissance, a large amount of original seismic data was collected and a primary understanding was established for further steps on mitigation and reduction of seismic damages and its secondary geohazards.
2 月 6 日,东安纳托利亚断裂带和卡达克-苏尔古断裂的主要断层相继破裂,在卡赫拉曼马拉什引发了一次强烈的主震(7.7 级)和一次强烈的余震(7.6 级)。连续的地震袭击了土耳其南部省份和叙利亚北部地区,造成了严重的人员伤亡和经济损失。地震发生后,国际地质灾害减灾联合会(ICGdR)组织了一个由来自中国、日本和图尔 基耶的专家组成的调查小组,对地震造成的基础设施破坏和地面塌陷进行了初步实地考察。这次为期 10 天的考察,包括在伊斯坦布尔技术大学(ITU)举行的小型研讨会,于 3 月 25 日至 4 月 3 日进行,重点考察了从哈塔伊省 Antakya 到卡赫拉曼马拉什省 Goksun(途经加济安泰普省、阿德亚曼省和马拉蒂亚省)主要断裂断层沿线的断裂、液化、滑坡、落石和横向扩展情况。通过这次勘察,收集了大量原始地震数据,并为进一步采取措施减轻和减少地震破坏及其次生地质灾害建立了初步认识。
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引用次数: 0
Assessing the stability of underground caves through iSUMM (innovative, straightforward, user-friendly, mechanically-based method) 通过 iSUMM 评估地下洞穴的稳定性(创新、直接、用户友好、基于力学的方法)
IF 4.8 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-02-17 DOI: 10.1186/s40677-023-00264-3
Federica Angela Mevoli, Nunzio Luciano Fazio, Michele Perrotti, Piernicola Lollino
A huge number of sinkhole events has been recorded in different Italian urban areas, with an occurrence frequency largely increasing in the last decades, sometimes even causing loss of human lives. The main reason for such catastrophic events is the presence of man-made underground cavities, excavated within soft rocks, several decades ago and then abandoned, at shallow depths. Here, the possibility of interaction with overlying buildings and infrastructures and the corresponding sinkhole hazard is relatively high. In such contexts, the low mechanical properties of the soft rock formations where the cavities have been excavated, like those formed of calcarenites, which outcrop in large areas of Southern Italy, and their high susceptibility to weathering processes, represent one of the most important predisposing factors for instability. Therefore, assessing the stability of underground cavities is crucial for land management and planning purposes. The mechanically-based stability charts developed by Perrotti et al. (Int J Geomech 18(7):04018071, 2018) have proved to be a valid tool for preliminary stability assessment and, although allow to identify an eventual proneness of the cave to instability, they do not provide quantitative assessment about the safety margin itself. In that regard, this study intends to present the most recent outcomes obtained in the development of the methodology and is aimed at promoting an enhanced way for their application, so that the charts can become an operative tool for preliminary sinkhole hazard assessment in similar regions in the world.
意大利不同的城市地区记录了大量的天坑事件,其发生频率在过去几十年中大幅上升,有时甚至造成人员伤亡。发生此类灾难性事件的主要原因是几十年前在松软岩石中挖掘出的人工地下洞穴的存在,这些洞穴很浅,随后被废弃。在这种情况下,与上覆建筑物和基础设施发生相互作用的可能性以及相应的天坑危险相对较高。在这种情况下,挖掘出空洞的软岩层(如意大利南部大面积出露的方解石岩层)的机械性能较低,且极易受到风化过程的影响,是导致不稳定的最重要诱因之一。因此,评估地下空洞的稳定性对于土地管理和规划至关重要。Perrotti 等人开发的基于力学的稳定性图表(Int J Geomech 18(7):04018071,2018 年)已被证明是初步稳定性评估的有效工具,虽然可以确定洞穴最终的不稳定性,但并不能对安全系数本身进行量化评估。在这方面,本研究旨在介绍该方法开发过程中取得的最新成果,并旨在推广一种更好的应用方法,从而使该图表成为世界类似地区天坑危险初步评估的实用工具。
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引用次数: 0
Study on the correlation between real-time GNSS landslide acceleration monitoring and earthquake response: a case of May 2, 2023, MW = 5.2 Baoshan earthquake, Yunnan 全球导航卫星系统(GNSS)滑坡加速度实时监测与地震响应相关性研究:以 2023 年 5 月 2 日云南保山 5.2 级地震为例
IF 4.8 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-02-16 DOI: 10.1186/s40677-024-00273-w
Zhigang Tao, Mengnan Li, Qiru Sui, Yuting Mao, Manchao He, Yuebin Jiang
Earthquakes and landslides pose significant threats to human safety and property, necessitating early warning systems. However, the high construction costs of earthquake early warning systems present a challenge. Landslide warnings are more prevalent, so linking them to earthquake warnings could address cost concerns. Hence, it is crucial to validate the feasibility of utilizing GNSS landslide monitoring as assistance for earthquake early warning systems. This paper analyzes acceleration anomaly data from 31 GNSS landslide monitoring points near the epicenter of the May 2, 2023, MW = 5.2 Baoshan earthquake in Yunnan. The response time was determined as the time difference between an earthquake's occurrence and GNSS's acceleration anomalies. This calculation helps measure the time delay and sensitivity between these two events. Data were obtained from the geological disaster monitoring and early warning management system. GNSS landslide monitoring showed high sensitivity to nearby earthquakes. The fastest response time among the 31 data points was 8 seconds, while the slowest was 56 seconds, all falling within the one-minute mark. A linear correlation was found between acceleration anomaly response time and distance from the epicenter, indicating the feasibility of GNSS landslide monitoring-assisted earthquake monitoring. A proposal is made for a GNSS landslide monitoring cluster to establish a multi-dimensional landslideearthquake disaster warning system. This approach offers new methods for combining earthquake and landslide early warning systems, leveraging existing infrastructure for cost-effectiveness and enhancing disaster preparedness.
地震和山体滑坡对人类安全和财产构成重大威胁,因此有必要建立预警系统。然而,地震预警系统的建设成本较高,这是一个挑战。山体滑坡预警更为普遍,因此将其与地震预警联系起来可以解决成本问题。因此,验证利用全球导航卫星系统滑坡监测作为地震预警系统辅助手段的可行性至关重要。本文分析了 2023 年 5 月 2 日云南保山 MW=5.2 级地震震中附近 31 个 GNSS 滑坡监测点的加速度异常数据。响应时间被确定为地震发生与 GNSS 加速度异常之间的时间差。这种计算方法有助于测量这两个事件之间的时间延迟和灵敏度。数据来自地质灾害监测和预警管理系统。全球导航卫星系统滑坡监测显示出对附近地震的高度敏感性。在 31 个数据点中,反应时间最快的为 8 秒,最慢的为 56 秒,均在一分钟之内。加速度异常响应时间与震中距离之间呈线性相关,表明全球导航卫星系统滑坡监测辅助地震监测是可行的。建议利用全球导航卫星系统滑坡监测集群建立多维滑坡地震灾害预警系统。这种方法为地震和滑坡预警系统的结合提供了新的方法,可利用现有基础设施提高成本效益并加强备灾能力。
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引用次数: 0
Identification of the complete particle size distribution of landslide debris by the combined method of scaled image analysis, line-grid analysis and laboratory sieve analysis 通过缩放图像分析、线栅分析和实验室筛分分析的综合方法确定滑坡碎屑的完整粒度分布
IF 4.8 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-02-15 DOI: 10.1186/s40677-024-00270-z
Sandaruwan Karunarathna, Satoshi Goto, Sajith Bandaranayake, Priyantha Bandara
Ground failures in a slope due to gravity, are commonly known as landslides. Depend on the compositional, geological, and structural characteristics of the unstable initiation zone and the erosional composition of the propagation zone decide the complete particle size distribution of the moving mass and its gradation. This information is most important for the study of downslope movement. Only laboratory sieve analysis cannot fulfil this target because the natural debris contains a wide range of particle sizes, especially boulders. The combined method of scaled image analysis and laboratory sieve analysis or the combined method of line-grid analysis and laboratory sieve analysis was proposed to fulfil the requirement. To study the proposed combined methods, five different locations within the downslope propagation zone from the Aranayake landslide in Sri Lanka were surveyed and analyzed. In image analysis, the high-resolution scaled image of deposited debris was analyzed by computer-based image analysis for particle sizes. Small particles were addressed by the laboratory sieve analysis using the representative debris sample taken from the same location. If the boulder sizes within the debris are too big to address this method, then the Line-grid method was performed. The particles in every 0.5 m along a measured line of debris deposition were measured in this method. If the selected location contains small particles that cannot measured manually, the representative sample was used for the laboratory sieve analysis to fulfil this range. The results of three locations indicated a 40% distribution of < 10 mm and a 60% distribution of > 10 mm representing the general distribution of the debris. Two distributions deviated from the general distribution that was surveyed and analyzed from special locations of the “near boundary of flow path” and “slope change zone” of the landslide. The combined methodology yielded successful results of complete particle size distribution for the wide range of particle sizes in debris. The variation of the particle size distribution curves of debris along the downslope depositions is planned to be used for the study of downslope propagation, damage zone assessment studies, and predicting the representative composition of future failures.
由于重力作用,斜坡上的地面塌陷通常被称为滑坡。不稳定起始区的成分、地质和结构特征以及传播区的侵蚀成分决定了移动体的完整粒度分布及其分级。这些信息对于研究下坡运动最为重要。仅靠实验室筛分分析无法实现这一目标,因为天然碎屑含有多种粒度,尤其是巨石。为满足这一要求,提出了比例图像分析和实验室筛分分析相结合的方法,或线-网格分析和实验室筛分分析相结合的方法。为了研究建议的组合方法,我们对斯里兰卡 Aranayake 滑坡下坡传播区内的五个不同地点进行了勘测和分析。在图像分析方面,通过基于计算机的图像分析,对沉积碎屑的高分辨率缩放图像进行颗粒大小分析。小颗粒则通过从同一地点提取的具有代表性的泥石样本进行实验室筛分分析。如果碎屑中的巨石尺寸过大,无法用这种方法处理,则采用线-网格法。在此方法中,沿碎片沉积测量线每隔 0.5 米测量颗粒。如果所选地点含有无法人工测量的小颗粒,则使用具有代表性的样本进行实验室筛分分析,以满足这一范围的要求。三个地点的结果表明,10 毫米的分布占 40%,代表了碎片的总体分布。在滑坡的 "流道近边界 "和 "斜坡变化区 "的特殊位置进行的调查和分析显示,有两个分布偏离了总体分布。综合方法成功地得出了碎屑中各种粒径的完整粒径分布结果。计划将碎屑粒径分布曲线沿下坡沉积的变化用于下坡传播研究、破坏区评估研究以及预测未来崩塌的代表性成分。
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引用次数: 0
Landslide susceptibility assessment of South Korea using stacking ensemble machine learning 利用堆叠集合机器学习评估韩国的滑坡易发性
IF 4.8 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-02-12 DOI: 10.1186/s40677-024-00271-y
Seung-Min Lee, Seung-Jae Lee
Landslide susceptibility assessment (LSA) is a crucial indicator of landslide hazards, and its accuracy is improving with the development of artificial intelligence (AI) technology. However, the AI algorithms are inconsistent across regions and strongly dependent on input variables. Additionally, LSA must include historical data, which often restricts the assessment to the local scale and single landslide events. In this study, we performed an LSA for the entirety of South Korea. A total of 30 input variables were constructed, consisting of 9 variables from past climate model data MK-PRISM, 12 topographical factors, and 9 environmental factors. Sixteen machine learning algorithms were used as basic classifiers, and a stacking ensemble was used on the four algorithms with the highest area under the curve (AUC). Additionally, a separate assessment model was established for areas with a risk of landslides affecting areas larger than 1 ha. The highest-performing classifier was CatBoost, with an AUC of ~ 0.89 for both assessments. Among the input variables, distance of road, daily maximum precipitation, digital elevation model, and soil depth were the most influential. In all landslide events, CatBoost, lightGBM, XGBoost, and Random Forest had the highest AUC in descending order; in large landslide events, the order was CatBoost, XGBoost, Extra Tree, and lightGBM. The stacking ensemble enabled the construction of two landslide susceptibility maps. Our findings provide a statistical method for constructing a high-resolution (30 m) landslide susceptibility map on a country scale using diverse natural factors, including past climate data.
滑坡易感性评估(LSA)是滑坡灾害的一个重要指标,随着人工智能(AI)技术的发展,其准确性也在不断提高。然而,人工智能算法在不同地区并不一致,而且在很大程度上依赖于输入变量。此外,LSA 必须包含历史数据,这往往将评估限制在局部范围和单一滑坡事件上。在本研究中,我们对整个韩国进行了 LSA 评估。共构建了 30 个输入变量,包括来自过去气候模型数据 MK-PRISM 的 9 个变量、12 个地形因素和 9 个环境因素。使用了 16 种机器学习算法作为基本分类器,并对曲线下面积(AUC)最高的 4 种算法进行了堆叠组合。此外,还为影响面积大于 1 公顷的山体滑坡风险区域建立了单独的评估模型。表现最好的分类器是 CatBoost,两个评估的 AUC 均为 0.89。在输入变量中,道路距离、日最大降水量、数字高程模型和土壤深度的影响最大。在所有滑坡事件中,按降序排列,CatBoost、lightGBM、XGBoost 和随机森林的 AUC 最高;在大型滑坡事件中,按降序排列,CatBoost、XGBoost、Extra Tree 和 lightGBM 最高。堆叠集合能够构建两个滑坡易感性地图。我们的研究结果为利用各种自然因素(包括过去的气候数据)构建国家级高分辨率(30 米)滑坡易发性地图提供了一种统计方法。
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引用次数: 0
Exploring the Mediterranean tsunami research landscape: scientometric insights and future prospects 探索地中海海啸研究的前景:科学计量学的见解和未来展望
IF 4.8 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-02-10 DOI: 10.1186/s40677-024-00269-6
F x Anjar Tri Laksono, Manoranjan Mishra, Budi Mulyana, János Kovács
The Mediterranean Sea is a region characterized by high seismic activity, with at least 200 tsunami events recorded from the fourth century to the present twenty-first century. Numerous studies have been conducted to understand past tsunami events, earthquake–tsunami generation, tsunami recurrence periods, tsunami vulnerability zones, and tsunami hazard mitigation strategies. Therefore, gaining insights into future trends and opportunities in Mediterranean Sea tsunami research is crucial for significantly contributing to all relevant aspects. This study aims to assess such trends and opportunities through a scientometric analysis of publications indexed by Web of Science from 2000 to 2023. Based on a selection of 329 publications, including research articles, review articles, book chapters, and conference papers, published between 2000 and 2023, Italy has the highest number of publications and citations in this field. The number of publications has increased significantly, especially after the 2004 Indian Ocean, 2011 Tohoku, and 2018 Palu tsunamis. According to the keyword analysis, the terms “tsunami”, “earthquake”, “hazard”, “wave”, “Mediterranean”, “coast”, and “tectonic” were the most frequently used in these publications. Research themes consist of four classifications: motor themes, such as seismic hazard; specific but well-developed themes, like tsunamiite; emerging or disappearing themes, for example, climate change; and general or basic themes, such as equations and megaturbidite. The number of publications related to the motor theme classification continued to grow throughout 2000–2023. Topics from 2011–2023 are more complex compared to 2000–2010, characterized by the emergence of new keywords such as evacuation planning, risk reduction, risk mitigation, building vulnerability, coastal vulnerability, climate change, probabilistic tsunami hazard assessment (PTVA-3 and PTVA-4). However, topics that were popular in the 2000–2010 period (e.g., paleotsunami deposits, earthquake, and tsunami propagation analysis) also increased in 2011–2023. Research topics with high centrality and density such as seismic hazard will continue to develop and prospect. The cluster network of this topic includes seismoturbidites, sedimentary features, tsunami modeling, active faults, catalog, and historical earthquakes.
地中海是一个地震活动频繁的地区,从四世纪到现在的二十一世纪,至少记录了 200 次海啸事件。为了了解过去的海啸事件、地震-海啸的产生、海啸重现期、海啸易发区和海啸危害缓解战略,已经开展了大量研究。因此,深入了解地中海海啸研究的未来趋势和机遇,对于在所有相关方面做出重大贡献至关重要。本研究旨在通过对 2000 年至 2023 年被 Web of Science 索引的出版物进行科学计量分析,评估这些趋势和机遇。根据对 2000 年至 2023 年间发表的 329 篇出版物(包括研究文章、评论文章、书籍章节和会议论文)的筛选,意大利在该领域的出版物和引用次数均居首位。尤其是在 2004 年印度洋海啸、2011 年东北海啸和 2018 年帕卢海啸之后,出版物数量大幅增加。根据关键词分析,"海啸"、"地震"、"灾害"、"波浪"、"地中海"、"海岸 "和 "构造 "是这些出版物中使用频率最高的术语。研究主题分为四类:运动主题,如地震灾害;具体但发展成熟的主题,如海啸岩;新 兴或正在消失的主题,如气候变化;一般或基本主题,如方程和特大扰动岩。在 2000-2023 年期间,与发动机主题分类有关的出版物数量持续增长。与 2000-2010 年相比,2011-2023 年的主题更加复杂,其特点是出现了新的关键词,如疏散规划、降低风险、减轻风险、建筑脆弱性、沿海脆弱性、气候变化、海啸灾害概率评估(PTVA-3 和 PTVA-4)。然而,2000-2010 年期间流行的主题(如古海啸沉积、地震和海啸传播分析)在 2011-2023 年期间也有所增加。地震灾害等高中心性和高密度的研究课题将继续发展和展望。该专题的集群网络包括地震扰动岩、沉积特征、海啸建模、活动断层、目录和历史地震。
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引用次数: 0
Local site effects and seismic microzonation around Suban Area, Curup Rejang Lebong, Bengkulu deduced by ambient noise measurements 通过环境噪声测量推断明古鲁 Curup Rejang Lebong 苏班地区周围的局部场地效应和地震微区划
IF 4.8 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-01-27 DOI: 10.1186/s40677-024-00268-7
Brecya Isa Siburian, Marzuki Marzuki, Ashar Muda Lubis
The Suban area of Curup Rejang Lebong is a tourist region in Bengkulu Province, Indonesia, close to the active Ketaun and Musi faults, which are segments of the Sumatra Fault System (SFS). However, no studies have been conducted in this area to assess how geological structures affect seismic ground motions and contribute to seismic hazard and risk assessment. The first study of seismic microzonation in the Suban area of Curup City by ambient noise measurements was conducted at 100 sites, spaced ~ 1 km apart, with 60 min of data acquisition for each site. All microseismic data were processed using the Horizontal to Vertical Spectral Ratios (HVSR) method. The HVSR method revealed the amplification factors (A0) ranging from 1.23 to 8.26 times, corresponding to natural frequency (f0) variations between 1.24 and 9.67 Hz. About 13% and 55% of the sites show high (6 ≤ A0 ≤ 9) and medium (3 ≤ A0 ≤ 6) amplifications, respectively, predominantly in the western parts of the study area, consistent with a high seismic vulnerability index (Kg). Furthermore, we also estimated the ground shear strain (GSS) of the region using the Kanai method with two large historical earthquakes at the Ketahun segment in 1943 (Mw 7.4) and the Musi segment in 1979 (Mw 6.0). The Kg value is consistent with the GSS values and indicates areas of severe damage during the historic earthquakes. Thus, the western parts of the Suban region are vulnerable to severe damage from an earthquake. These findings could provide valuable insights for future planning and risk management efforts aimed at minimizing the impact of earthquakes in the Suban region.
Curup Rejang Lebong 的苏班地区是印度尼西亚明古鲁省的一个旅游区,毗邻苏门答腊断层系统(SFS)的活跃断层 Ketaun 和 Musi。然而,该地区尚未开展任何研究来评估地质结构如何影响地震地面运动,以及如何促进地震灾害和风险评估。通过环境噪声测量对 Curup 市 Suban 地区地震微区划分的首次研究在 100 个站点进行,每个站点间隔约 1 公里,数据采集时间为 60 分钟。所有微地震数据均采用水平与垂直频谱比(HVSR)法进行处理。HVSR 方法显示放大系数 (A0) 在 1.23 至 8.26 倍之间,对应的固有频率 (f0) 变化在 1.24 至 9.67 Hz 之间。约 13% 和 55% 的地点分别显示出高(6 ≤ A0 ≤ 9)和中(3 ≤ A0 ≤ 6)放大系数,主要集中在研究区域的西部,这与高地震易损性指数(Kg)相一致。此外,我们还利用 1943 年 Ketahun 地段(Mw 7.4)和 1979 年 Musi 地段(Mw 6.0)的两次历史大地震,采用 Kanai 方法估算了该地区的地表剪切应变(GSS)。Kg 值与 GSS 值一致,表明在历史上的地震中受损严重的地区。因此,苏班地区西部容易受到地震的严重破坏。这些发现可为今后旨在最大限度减少地震对苏班地区影响的规划和风险管理工作提供有价值的见解。
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引用次数: 0
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Geoenvironmental Disasters
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