Pub Date : 2024-02-12DOI: 10.1186/s40677-024-00271-y
Seung-Min Lee, Seung-Jae Lee
Landslide susceptibility assessment (LSA) is a crucial indicator of landslide hazards, and its accuracy is improving with the development of artificial intelligence (AI) technology. However, the AI algorithms are inconsistent across regions and strongly dependent on input variables. Additionally, LSA must include historical data, which often restricts the assessment to the local scale and single landslide events. In this study, we performed an LSA for the entirety of South Korea. A total of 30 input variables were constructed, consisting of 9 variables from past climate model data MK-PRISM, 12 topographical factors, and 9 environmental factors. Sixteen machine learning algorithms were used as basic classifiers, and a stacking ensemble was used on the four algorithms with the highest area under the curve (AUC). Additionally, a separate assessment model was established for areas with a risk of landslides affecting areas larger than 1 ha. The highest-performing classifier was CatBoost, with an AUC of ~ 0.89 for both assessments. Among the input variables, distance of road, daily maximum precipitation, digital elevation model, and soil depth were the most influential. In all landslide events, CatBoost, lightGBM, XGBoost, and Random Forest had the highest AUC in descending order; in large landslide events, the order was CatBoost, XGBoost, Extra Tree, and lightGBM. The stacking ensemble enabled the construction of two landslide susceptibility maps. Our findings provide a statistical method for constructing a high-resolution (30 m) landslide susceptibility map on a country scale using diverse natural factors, including past climate data.
{"title":"Landslide susceptibility assessment of South Korea using stacking ensemble machine learning","authors":"Seung-Min Lee, Seung-Jae Lee","doi":"10.1186/s40677-024-00271-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40677-024-00271-y","url":null,"abstract":"Landslide susceptibility assessment (LSA) is a crucial indicator of landslide hazards, and its accuracy is improving with the development of artificial intelligence (AI) technology. However, the AI algorithms are inconsistent across regions and strongly dependent on input variables. Additionally, LSA must include historical data, which often restricts the assessment to the local scale and single landslide events. In this study, we performed an LSA for the entirety of South Korea. A total of 30 input variables were constructed, consisting of 9 variables from past climate model data MK-PRISM, 12 topographical factors, and 9 environmental factors. Sixteen machine learning algorithms were used as basic classifiers, and a stacking ensemble was used on the four algorithms with the highest area under the curve (AUC). Additionally, a separate assessment model was established for areas with a risk of landslides affecting areas larger than 1 ha. The highest-performing classifier was CatBoost, with an AUC of ~ 0.89 for both assessments. Among the input variables, distance of road, daily maximum precipitation, digital elevation model, and soil depth were the most influential. In all landslide events, CatBoost, lightGBM, XGBoost, and Random Forest had the highest AUC in descending order; in large landslide events, the order was CatBoost, XGBoost, Extra Tree, and lightGBM. The stacking ensemble enabled the construction of two landslide susceptibility maps. Our findings provide a statistical method for constructing a high-resolution (30 m) landslide susceptibility map on a country scale using diverse natural factors, including past climate data.","PeriodicalId":37025,"journal":{"name":"Geoenvironmental Disasters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139773079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-10DOI: 10.1186/s40677-024-00269-6
F x Anjar Tri Laksono, Manoranjan Mishra, Budi Mulyana, János Kovács
The Mediterranean Sea is a region characterized by high seismic activity, with at least 200 tsunami events recorded from the fourth century to the present twenty-first century. Numerous studies have been conducted to understand past tsunami events, earthquake–tsunami generation, tsunami recurrence periods, tsunami vulnerability zones, and tsunami hazard mitigation strategies. Therefore, gaining insights into future trends and opportunities in Mediterranean Sea tsunami research is crucial for significantly contributing to all relevant aspects. This study aims to assess such trends and opportunities through a scientometric analysis of publications indexed by Web of Science from 2000 to 2023. Based on a selection of 329 publications, including research articles, review articles, book chapters, and conference papers, published between 2000 and 2023, Italy has the highest number of publications and citations in this field. The number of publications has increased significantly, especially after the 2004 Indian Ocean, 2011 Tohoku, and 2018 Palu tsunamis. According to the keyword analysis, the terms “tsunami”, “earthquake”, “hazard”, “wave”, “Mediterranean”, “coast”, and “tectonic” were the most frequently used in these publications. Research themes consist of four classifications: motor themes, such as seismic hazard; specific but well-developed themes, like tsunamiite; emerging or disappearing themes, for example, climate change; and general or basic themes, such as equations and megaturbidite. The number of publications related to the motor theme classification continued to grow throughout 2000–2023. Topics from 2011–2023 are more complex compared to 2000–2010, characterized by the emergence of new keywords such as evacuation planning, risk reduction, risk mitigation, building vulnerability, coastal vulnerability, climate change, probabilistic tsunami hazard assessment (PTVA-3 and PTVA-4). However, topics that were popular in the 2000–2010 period (e.g., paleotsunami deposits, earthquake, and tsunami propagation analysis) also increased in 2011–2023. Research topics with high centrality and density such as seismic hazard will continue to develop and prospect. The cluster network of this topic includes seismoturbidites, sedimentary features, tsunami modeling, active faults, catalog, and historical earthquakes.
{"title":"Exploring the Mediterranean tsunami research landscape: scientometric insights and future prospects","authors":"F x Anjar Tri Laksono, Manoranjan Mishra, Budi Mulyana, János Kovács","doi":"10.1186/s40677-024-00269-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40677-024-00269-6","url":null,"abstract":"The Mediterranean Sea is a region characterized by high seismic activity, with at least 200 tsunami events recorded from the fourth century to the present twenty-first century. Numerous studies have been conducted to understand past tsunami events, earthquake–tsunami generation, tsunami recurrence periods, tsunami vulnerability zones, and tsunami hazard mitigation strategies. Therefore, gaining insights into future trends and opportunities in Mediterranean Sea tsunami research is crucial for significantly contributing to all relevant aspects. This study aims to assess such trends and opportunities through a scientometric analysis of publications indexed by Web of Science from 2000 to 2023. Based on a selection of 329 publications, including research articles, review articles, book chapters, and conference papers, published between 2000 and 2023, Italy has the highest number of publications and citations in this field. The number of publications has increased significantly, especially after the 2004 Indian Ocean, 2011 Tohoku, and 2018 Palu tsunamis. According to the keyword analysis, the terms “tsunami”, “earthquake”, “hazard”, “wave”, “Mediterranean”, “coast”, and “tectonic” were the most frequently used in these publications. Research themes consist of four classifications: motor themes, such as seismic hazard; specific but well-developed themes, like tsunamiite; emerging or disappearing themes, for example, climate change; and general or basic themes, such as equations and megaturbidite. The number of publications related to the motor theme classification continued to grow throughout 2000–2023. Topics from 2011–2023 are more complex compared to 2000–2010, characterized by the emergence of new keywords such as evacuation planning, risk reduction, risk mitigation, building vulnerability, coastal vulnerability, climate change, probabilistic tsunami hazard assessment (PTVA-3 and PTVA-4). However, topics that were popular in the 2000–2010 period (e.g., paleotsunami deposits, earthquake, and tsunami propagation analysis) also increased in 2011–2023. Research topics with high centrality and density such as seismic hazard will continue to develop and prospect. The cluster network of this topic includes seismoturbidites, sedimentary features, tsunami modeling, active faults, catalog, and historical earthquakes.","PeriodicalId":37025,"journal":{"name":"Geoenvironmental Disasters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139764883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-27DOI: 10.1186/s40677-024-00268-7
Brecya Isa Siburian, Marzuki Marzuki, Ashar Muda Lubis
The Suban area of Curup Rejang Lebong is a tourist region in Bengkulu Province, Indonesia, close to the active Ketaun and Musi faults, which are segments of the Sumatra Fault System (SFS). However, no studies have been conducted in this area to assess how geological structures affect seismic ground motions and contribute to seismic hazard and risk assessment. The first study of seismic microzonation in the Suban area of Curup City by ambient noise measurements was conducted at 100 sites, spaced ~ 1 km apart, with 60 min of data acquisition for each site. All microseismic data were processed using the Horizontal to Vertical Spectral Ratios (HVSR) method. The HVSR method revealed the amplification factors (A0) ranging from 1.23 to 8.26 times, corresponding to natural frequency (f0) variations between 1.24 and 9.67 Hz. About 13% and 55% of the sites show high (6 ≤ A0 ≤ 9) and medium (3 ≤ A0 ≤ 6) amplifications, respectively, predominantly in the western parts of the study area, consistent with a high seismic vulnerability index (Kg). Furthermore, we also estimated the ground shear strain (GSS) of the region using the Kanai method with two large historical earthquakes at the Ketahun segment in 1943 (Mw 7.4) and the Musi segment in 1979 (Mw 6.0). The Kg value is consistent with the GSS values and indicates areas of severe damage during the historic earthquakes. Thus, the western parts of the Suban region are vulnerable to severe damage from an earthquake. These findings could provide valuable insights for future planning and risk management efforts aimed at minimizing the impact of earthquakes in the Suban region.
{"title":"Local site effects and seismic microzonation around Suban Area, Curup Rejang Lebong, Bengkulu deduced by ambient noise measurements","authors":"Brecya Isa Siburian, Marzuki Marzuki, Ashar Muda Lubis","doi":"10.1186/s40677-024-00268-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40677-024-00268-7","url":null,"abstract":"The Suban area of Curup Rejang Lebong is a tourist region in Bengkulu Province, Indonesia, close to the active Ketaun and Musi faults, which are segments of the Sumatra Fault System (SFS). However, no studies have been conducted in this area to assess how geological structures affect seismic ground motions and contribute to seismic hazard and risk assessment. The first study of seismic microzonation in the Suban area of Curup City by ambient noise measurements was conducted at 100 sites, spaced ~ 1 km apart, with 60 min of data acquisition for each site. All microseismic data were processed using the Horizontal to Vertical Spectral Ratios (HVSR) method. The HVSR method revealed the amplification factors (A0) ranging from 1.23 to 8.26 times, corresponding to natural frequency (f0) variations between 1.24 and 9.67 Hz. About 13% and 55% of the sites show high (6 ≤ A0 ≤ 9) and medium (3 ≤ A0 ≤ 6) amplifications, respectively, predominantly in the western parts of the study area, consistent with a high seismic vulnerability index (Kg). Furthermore, we also estimated the ground shear strain (GSS) of the region using the Kanai method with two large historical earthquakes at the Ketahun segment in 1943 (Mw 7.4) and the Musi segment in 1979 (Mw 6.0). The Kg value is consistent with the GSS values and indicates areas of severe damage during the historic earthquakes. Thus, the western parts of the Suban region are vulnerable to severe damage from an earthquake. These findings could provide valuable insights for future planning and risk management efforts aimed at minimizing the impact of earthquakes in the Suban region.","PeriodicalId":37025,"journal":{"name":"Geoenvironmental Disasters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139584156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The increasing prevalence of the Galvanized and dry battery industries has led to a rise in zinc proportions in landfills, posing environmental risks. This study explores the potential of bentonite, renowned for its metal adsorption capability, as a landfill barrier material. Adsorption characteristics of Zn(II) in natural bentonite and Shanghai clay were investigated. Various factors affecting Zn(II) adsorption, including pH, Na ion strength, contact time, initial Zn(II) concentration, and adsorption temperature, were analyzed through batch-type adsorption tests. The change in pH and Na strength demonstrates no significant impact on the adsorption of Zn(II) onto bentonite, highlighting the strong selectivity of bentonite for Zn(II). Conversely, the equilibrium adsorption capacity of Zn(II) onto clay increases with rising pH or decreasing ion strength. The Zn(II) adsorption onto bentonite is well-described by the pseudo-second-order, intra-particle diffusion, and Elovih models, each achieving an R2 value exceeding 0.9. While both physical and chemical adsorption coexist in Zn(II) adsorption onto bentonite or clay, the primary determinant of the adsorption rate is chemical adsorption. The adsorption onto bentonite is spontaneous, whereas onto clay it is not. The mechanism involves van der Waals forces, ion exchange, and chemical actions such as inner-sphere complexation for Zn(II) adsorption onto both bentonite and clay.
{"title":"Adsorption performance of bentonite and clay for Zn(II) in landfill leachate","authors":"Wen-Jing Sun, Qian-Tong Tang, Tian-Hao Lu, Ri-Dong Fan, Gao-Ge Sun, Yun-zhi Tan","doi":"10.1186/s40677-023-00265-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40677-023-00265-2","url":null,"abstract":"The increasing prevalence of the Galvanized and dry battery industries has led to a rise in zinc proportions in landfills, posing environmental risks. This study explores the potential of bentonite, renowned for its metal adsorption capability, as a landfill barrier material. Adsorption characteristics of Zn(II) in natural bentonite and Shanghai clay were investigated. Various factors affecting Zn(II) adsorption, including pH, Na ion strength, contact time, initial Zn(II) concentration, and adsorption temperature, were analyzed through batch-type adsorption tests. The change in pH and Na strength demonstrates no significant impact on the adsorption of Zn(II) onto bentonite, highlighting the strong selectivity of bentonite for Zn(II). Conversely, the equilibrium adsorption capacity of Zn(II) onto clay increases with rising pH or decreasing ion strength. The Zn(II) adsorption onto bentonite is well-described by the pseudo-second-order, intra-particle diffusion, and Elovih models, each achieving an R2 value exceeding 0.9. While both physical and chemical adsorption coexist in Zn(II) adsorption onto bentonite or clay, the primary determinant of the adsorption rate is chemical adsorption. The adsorption onto bentonite is spontaneous, whereas onto clay it is not. The mechanism involves van der Waals forces, ion exchange, and chemical actions such as inner-sphere complexation for Zn(II) adsorption onto both bentonite and clay.","PeriodicalId":37025,"journal":{"name":"Geoenvironmental Disasters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139551466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-19DOI: 10.1186/s40677-024-00267-8
Seong-Woo Moon, Jeongdu Noh, Hyeong-Sin Kim, Seong-Seung Kang, Yong-Seok Seo
The study aimed to identify the influential factors required to prepare landslide vulnerability maps and establish disaster prevention measures for mountainous areas with forest roads. The target area is Sancheok-myeon, Chungju-si, where several landslides have occurred in a narrow area of approximately 3 km × 4 km. As the area has the same rainfall and vegetation conditions, the influences of the physico-mechanical characteristics of the soil in accordance with compaction and topographic characteristics could be analyzed precisely. Geological surveying, sampling, and laboratory testing assessed landslide risk in the study area, and data including unit weight, specific gravity, porosity, water content, soil depth, friction angle, cohesion, slope angle, profile/plan curvature, TWI were obtained. Preprocessing and screening such as min-max normalization and multicollinearity were conducted for the data in order to eliminate overestimation of each factor’s effectiveness. The influence of each factor was analyzed using logistic regression (LR), structural equation modeling (SEM), extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), and light gradient boosting machine (LightGBM). All methods showed that soil depth has the greatest impact on landslide occurrence. Friction angle, slope angle, and porosity were also selected as influential factors, although each method ranked them slightly differently. Topographic factors, such as plan curvature, profile curvature, and the topographic wetness index, had minimal influence. This appears to be because landslides near forest roads are more affected by how well compaction was performed during banking than by the concave or convex shape of the slope. This study presents analysis results for an area with the same rainfall and vegetation conditions; therefore, the analysis of the influence of the physico-mechanical characteristics of the soil and topography was more precise than when comparing landslides occurring in different regions. Our results may be helpful in preparing landslide vulnerability maps.
该研究旨在确定编制山体滑坡脆弱性地图所需的影响因素，并为有林区道路的山区制定防灾措施。目标区域是忠州市的三岔面，在约 3 km×4 km 的狭长区域内发生过多次滑坡。由于该地区具有相同的降雨量和植被条件，因此可以根据压实和地形特征精确分析土壤物理机械特征的影响。通过地质勘测、取样和实验室测试评估了研究区域的滑坡风险，并获得了包括单位重量、比重、孔隙度、含水量、土层深度、摩擦角、内聚力、坡角、剖面/平面曲率、TWI 等数据。对数据进行了最小-最大归一化和多重共线性等预处理和筛选，以消除对各因素有效性的高估。利用逻辑回归（LR）、结构方程模型（SEM）、极梯度提升（XGBoost）和轻梯度提升机（LightGBM）分析了各因子的影响。所有方法都表明，土壤深度对滑坡发生的影响最大。摩擦角、坡角和孔隙度也被选为影响因素，但每种方法对它们的排序略有不同。地形因素，如平面曲率、剖面曲率和地形湿润指数，影响最小。这似乎是因为林区道路附近的滑坡更多受到筑坝时压实效果的影响，而不是受到斜坡凹凸形状的影响。本研究提供了对降雨量和植被条件相同的地区的分析结果；因此，与比较发生在不同地区的滑坡时相比，对土壤和地形的物理力学特征的影响分析更为精确。我们的研究结果可能有助于绘制滑坡易损性地图。
{"title":"Comparison of factors influencing landslide risk near a forest road in Chungju-si, South Korea","authors":"Seong-Woo Moon, Jeongdu Noh, Hyeong-Sin Kim, Seong-Seung Kang, Yong-Seok Seo","doi":"10.1186/s40677-024-00267-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40677-024-00267-8","url":null,"abstract":"The study aimed to identify the influential factors required to prepare landslide vulnerability maps and establish disaster prevention measures for mountainous areas with forest roads. The target area is Sancheok-myeon, Chungju-si, where several landslides have occurred in a narrow area of approximately 3 km × 4 km. As the area has the same rainfall and vegetation conditions, the influences of the physico-mechanical characteristics of the soil in accordance with compaction and topographic characteristics could be analyzed precisely. Geological surveying, sampling, and laboratory testing assessed landslide risk in the study area, and data including unit weight, specific gravity, porosity, water content, soil depth, friction angle, cohesion, slope angle, profile/plan curvature, TWI were obtained. Preprocessing and screening such as min-max normalization and multicollinearity were conducted for the data in order to eliminate overestimation of each factor’s effectiveness. The influence of each factor was analyzed using logistic regression (LR), structural equation modeling (SEM), extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), and light gradient boosting machine (LightGBM). All methods showed that soil depth has the greatest impact on landslide occurrence. Friction angle, slope angle, and porosity were also selected as influential factors, although each method ranked them slightly differently. Topographic factors, such as plan curvature, profile curvature, and the topographic wetness index, had minimal influence. This appears to be because landslides near forest roads are more affected by how well compaction was performed during banking than by the concave or convex shape of the slope. This study presents analysis results for an area with the same rainfall and vegetation conditions; therefore, the analysis of the influence of the physico-mechanical characteristics of the soil and topography was more precise than when comparing landslides occurring in different regions. Our results may be helpful in preparing landslide vulnerability maps.","PeriodicalId":37025,"journal":{"name":"Geoenvironmental Disasters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139500445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-02DOI: 10.1186/s40677-023-00258-1
Feifan Ren, Qiangqiang Huang, Guan Wang, Zhuang Li
Earthen heritage sites have high cultural and scientific value. However, most of earthen heritage sites have been severely damaged and are in urgent need of restoration. To address this issue, a novel rockbolt, bamboo-steel composite rockbolt (BSCR), was proposed and widely employed in earthen site protection. However, the research on the anchorage mechanism of BSCR lags behind engineering practice, particularly with regard to its behavior under the coupled effect of tensile and shear stress. In this study, based on centrifugal test results, a numerical model was established and validated and a comparative analysis of the anchorage mechanism between conventional rockbolt (CR) and BSCR was also conducted. Various parameters, including rockbolt diameter, bending stiffness, inclination angle, and length, were systematically investigated to elucidate their influence on protective efficacy. BSCR has a larger diameter and bending stiffness, and is superior to CR in protecting earthen heritage sites. In addition, reducing the rockbolt inclination angle and increasing the number of rockbolt layers can reduce slope deformation caused by the coupling effect of tensile and shear stress. Increasing the length of BSCR can enhance the stability of the anchored slopes; however, due to the influence of the effective anchorage length of the rockbolt, excessively extending the rockbolt length is inefficient. These research results provide valuable insights into the application of BSCR in earthen site protection and can provide a reference for further research on its anchorage mechanism under complex stress conditions.
{"title":"Anchorage mechanism of bamboo-steel composite rockbolts subjected to the coupled effect of tensile and shear stress","authors":"Feifan Ren, Qiangqiang Huang, Guan Wang, Zhuang Li","doi":"10.1186/s40677-023-00258-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40677-023-00258-1","url":null,"abstract":"Earthen heritage sites have high cultural and scientific value. However, most of earthen heritage sites have been severely damaged and are in urgent need of restoration. To address this issue, a novel rockbolt, bamboo-steel composite rockbolt (BSCR), was proposed and widely employed in earthen site protection. However, the research on the anchorage mechanism of BSCR lags behind engineering practice, particularly with regard to its behavior under the coupled effect of tensile and shear stress. In this study, based on centrifugal test results, a numerical model was established and validated and a comparative analysis of the anchorage mechanism between conventional rockbolt (CR) and BSCR was also conducted. Various parameters, including rockbolt diameter, bending stiffness, inclination angle, and length, were systematically investigated to elucidate their influence on protective efficacy. BSCR has a larger diameter and bending stiffness, and is superior to CR in protecting earthen heritage sites. In addition, reducing the rockbolt inclination angle and increasing the number of rockbolt layers can reduce slope deformation caused by the coupling effect of tensile and shear stress. Increasing the length of BSCR can enhance the stability of the anchored slopes; however, due to the influence of the effective anchorage length of the rockbolt, excessively extending the rockbolt length is inefficient. These research results provide valuable insights into the application of BSCR in earthen site protection and can provide a reference for further research on its anchorage mechanism under complex stress conditions.","PeriodicalId":37025,"journal":{"name":"Geoenvironmental Disasters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139077452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-18DOI: 10.1186/s40677-023-00263-4
Hu Zheng, Yu Huang, Bo Li, Fawu Wang
The joint event of 21st International Symposium on Geo-disaster Reduction (21st ISGdR) was held onsite and online during 5–8 August 2023 in Shanghai, China. This symposium focused on the theme of “A new era for safe and resilient coastal and marine systems”, providing a platform for academics, researchers and practitioners from different countries to discuss the research progress and exchange ideas on the reduction of disasters. The symposium consisted of keynote lecture, invited lectures and other presentations in parallel session.
第 21 届国际减少地质灾害研讨会（21st International Symposium on Geo-disaster Reduction，简称 ISGdR）于 2023 年 8 月 5-8 日在中国上海举行。本次研讨会围绕 "安全与弹性海岸和海洋系统的新时代 "这一主题，为来自不同国家的学者、研究人员和从业人员提供了一个讨论研究进展和交流减灾理念的平台。研讨会包括主旨报告、特邀报告和其他平行报告。
{"title":"Report on the 21st International Symposium on Geo‑disaster reduction, 5–8 August 2023, Shanghai, China","authors":"Hu Zheng, Yu Huang, Bo Li, Fawu Wang","doi":"10.1186/s40677-023-00263-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40677-023-00263-4","url":null,"abstract":"The joint event of 21st International Symposium on Geo-disaster Reduction (21st ISGdR) was held onsite and online during 5–8 August 2023 in Shanghai, China. This symposium focused on the theme of “A new era for safe and resilient coastal and marine systems”, providing a platform for academics, researchers and practitioners from different countries to discuss the research progress and exchange ideas on the reduction of disasters. The symposium consisted of keynote lecture, invited lectures and other presentations in parallel session.","PeriodicalId":37025,"journal":{"name":"Geoenvironmental Disasters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138715493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-11DOI: 10.1186/s40677-023-00260-7
Mariam A. Sallam, Hany M. Hassan, Mohamed A. Sayed, Hesham E. Abdel Hafiez, Hesham Shaker Zahra, Mohamed Salem
Masonry minarets in Old Cairo are highly susceptible to earthquake damage, particularly those not designed or updated to withstand seismic loads. Therefore, regular monitoring is necessary to ensure their safety and detect any deterioration or reduction in seismic performance. The direct loss of a minaret can lead to the collapse or severe damage to the structure itself. The cascading impacts of partial or complete minaret failure can have significant consequences for the immediate vicinity and the broader community. By studying the effects of earthquakes on minarets and developing mitigation strategies, countries can take proactive measures to protect these structures and ensure the safety of people. This study focuses on a specific type of Islamic architecture: the historic minarets in Cairo. The research aims to evaluate the seismic vulnerability of eight cultural heritage minarets in Cairo, identifying the parameters influencing their seismic behaviour and susceptibility to earthquake damage. The research utilizes empirical seismic vulnerability methods and ambient vibration measurements on eight minarets. An empirical approach compatible with the nature and style of the minarets is employed to evaluate their vulnerability using index values and curves. The method's validity is assessed, and areas of conformity and limitations are identified. Ambient vibration tests (AVTs) are also conducted using a temporary seismic network installed at various heights inside each minaret to determine their dynamic characteristics. The seismic vulnerability Index (I_V) is calculated for the selected minarets based on the state of each vulnerability parameter. The contribution of each parameter to the final I_V values of the minarets are presented. Vulnerability curves are developed for each minaret, interpreting the conventional vulnerability indexes in terms of mean damage grades for seismic events with varying intensity on the EMS-98 scale. These mean damage grades can also indicate the expected damage levels of structural and non-structural minaret elements for events with different seismic intensity levels. AVTs are conducted at various heights on the selected minarets, and the dynamic characteristics are extracted from the recorded data. Variations in these characteristics are considered significant for structural health monitoring analysis. The peak-picking method is employed to directly extract each minaret's natural frequencies and mode shapes, as changes in dynamic characteristics are relevant to health monitoring analyses. The recent study examined the seismic vulnerability assessment of eight masonry minarets in the historic Old Cairo district. The assessment revealed vulnerability index values ranging from 10.3 to 26.1, indicating a concerning susceptibility to seismic events among these structures. Vulnerability curves were constructed for each minaret, visually representing potential damage scenarios across different levels of the EMS-98 intens
{"title":"Seismic vulnerability assessment of historical minarets in Cairo","authors":"Mariam A. Sallam, Hany M. Hassan, Mohamed A. Sayed, Hesham E. Abdel Hafiez, Hesham Shaker Zahra, Mohamed Salem","doi":"10.1186/s40677-023-00260-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40677-023-00260-7","url":null,"abstract":"Masonry minarets in Old Cairo are highly susceptible to earthquake damage, particularly those not designed or updated to withstand seismic loads. Therefore, regular monitoring is necessary to ensure their safety and detect any deterioration or reduction in seismic performance. The direct loss of a minaret can lead to the collapse or severe damage to the structure itself. The cascading impacts of partial or complete minaret failure can have significant consequences for the immediate vicinity and the broader community. By studying the effects of earthquakes on minarets and developing mitigation strategies, countries can take proactive measures to protect these structures and ensure the safety of people. This study focuses on a specific type of Islamic architecture: the historic minarets in Cairo. The research aims to evaluate the seismic vulnerability of eight cultural heritage minarets in Cairo, identifying the parameters influencing their seismic behaviour and susceptibility to earthquake damage. The research utilizes empirical seismic vulnerability methods and ambient vibration measurements on eight minarets. An empirical approach compatible with the nature and style of the minarets is employed to evaluate their vulnerability using index values and curves. The method's validity is assessed, and areas of conformity and limitations are identified. Ambient vibration tests (AVTs) are also conducted using a temporary seismic network installed at various heights inside each minaret to determine their dynamic characteristics. The seismic vulnerability Index (I_V) is calculated for the selected minarets based on the state of each vulnerability parameter. The contribution of each parameter to the final I_V values of the minarets are presented. Vulnerability curves are developed for each minaret, interpreting the conventional vulnerability indexes in terms of mean damage grades for seismic events with varying intensity on the EMS-98 scale. These mean damage grades can also indicate the expected damage levels of structural and non-structural minaret elements for events with different seismic intensity levels. AVTs are conducted at various heights on the selected minarets, and the dynamic characteristics are extracted from the recorded data. Variations in these characteristics are considered significant for structural health monitoring analysis. The peak-picking method is employed to directly extract each minaret's natural frequencies and mode shapes, as changes in dynamic characteristics are relevant to health monitoring analyses. The recent study examined the seismic vulnerability assessment of eight masonry minarets in the historic Old Cairo district. The assessment revealed vulnerability index values ranging from 10.3 to 26.1, indicating a concerning susceptibility to seismic events among these structures. Vulnerability curves were constructed for each minaret, visually representing potential damage scenarios across different levels of the EMS-98 intens","PeriodicalId":37025,"journal":{"name":"Geoenvironmental Disasters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138575961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-09DOI: 10.1186/s40677-023-00261-6
Santika Purwitaningsih, Pramasti Dyah Nhindyasari, Ahmad Priyo Sambodo, Amadeo Benvenuto Santosa, Atina Salsabila Hilal, Ayu Wulandari, S. Aisyah Azka Nurul Fitriyah, Ryan Andri Wijaya, Junichiro Asano, Junun Sartohadi, Muhammad Anggri Setiawan, Muhammad Sulaiman, Elok Surya Pratiwi
The world population is still growing. The growing population caused a changes in the trend of selecting settlements location. Due to the limited flat land, people were starting to form settlements in a hilly or mountainous area which is prone to landslide. The community used to move from place to place to avoid landslides, however, it is no longer possible to implement those actions. While a lot of research has been conducted to assess the vulnerability and risk of settlements to disasters, there needs to be more research on developing settlements in landslide-prone area and their impact on disaster management. High social influences can be found in the development of landslide-prone settlements of Giripurno Village. The community shows a high consideration on relatives in deciding their settlement location. Moreover, high consideration of kinship and social activity affects the arrangement of spaces in the house and directly affects the amount of space occupancy. Layout of houses in Giripurno Village were found to have large living room to accommodate family and community gatherings. Although high social dependences of one community can be beneficial in the disaster emergency response and recovery, it can also hinder the disaster mitigation effors by allowing development in an unsafe area, thus increase the risk of disasters. This paper discuss about how the social factors can relate to the disaster management with an emphasis on the development of settlements. This paper also highlight the aspects of space occupancy which is rarely being discussed in the disaster management related research. The result obtained by this study could provide important insight into the future disaster management in the landslide-prone settlements area.
{"title":"Exploring the role of social determinants in the risk reduction of landslide-prone settlements: a case study of Giripurno Village in Central Java, Indonesia","authors":"Santika Purwitaningsih, Pramasti Dyah Nhindyasari, Ahmad Priyo Sambodo, Amadeo Benvenuto Santosa, Atina Salsabila Hilal, Ayu Wulandari, S. Aisyah Azka Nurul Fitriyah, Ryan Andri Wijaya, Junichiro Asano, Junun Sartohadi, Muhammad Anggri Setiawan, Muhammad Sulaiman, Elok Surya Pratiwi","doi":"10.1186/s40677-023-00261-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40677-023-00261-6","url":null,"abstract":"The world population is still growing. The growing population caused a changes in the trend of selecting settlements location. Due to the limited flat land, people were starting to form settlements in a hilly or mountainous area which is prone to landslide. The community used to move from place to place to avoid landslides, however, it is no longer possible to implement those actions. While a lot of research has been conducted to assess the vulnerability and risk of settlements to disasters, there needs to be more research on developing settlements in landslide-prone area and their impact on disaster management. High social influences can be found in the development of landslide-prone settlements of Giripurno Village. The community shows a high consideration on relatives in deciding their settlement location. Moreover, high consideration of kinship and social activity affects the arrangement of spaces in the house and directly affects the amount of space occupancy. Layout of houses in Giripurno Village were found to have large living room to accommodate family and community gatherings. Although high social dependences of one community can be beneficial in the disaster emergency response and recovery, it can also hinder the disaster mitigation effors by allowing development in an unsafe area, thus increase the risk of disasters. This paper discuss about how the social factors can relate to the disaster management with an emphasis on the development of settlements. This paper also highlight the aspects of space occupancy which is rarely being discussed in the disaster management related research. The result obtained by this study could provide important insight into the future disaster management in the landslide-prone settlements area.","PeriodicalId":37025,"journal":{"name":"Geoenvironmental Disasters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138560387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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