Pub Date : 2019-09-02DOI: 10.1080/14629712.2019.1675319
Katherine Renton
Despite the traditional reputation of the Spanish horse as a naturally abundant, high quality animal found in the Iberian Peninsula, Iberian monarchs had routinely expressed concern about a scarcity of horses as early as the thirteenth century. An initiative in the mid-sixteenth century to improve horses for the royal court reveals top-down breeding directives to address concerns about scarcity, making use of an infrastructure of royal stables and studs stretched across multiple dynastic and imperial territories; at the same time, these directives document competing and changing visions of the best methods for breeding horses to keep up with court demands. Notably, a preference for importing and crossbreeding in the sixteenth century shifted to a preference for maintaining individual strains of domestic equine stock in the seventeenth century. While the external demand for horses from Spain remained high to supply an expanding court culture in Europe throughout this period, the realities of developing and maintaining horse populations within Iberia suggest dynamic rather than static influences on the horse’s type, adding new complexity to the historic value of this courtly animal and our understanding of it.
{"title":"Breeding Techniques and Court Influence: Charting a ‘Decline’ of the Spanish Horse in the Early Modern Period","authors":"Katherine Renton","doi":"10.1080/14629712.2019.1675319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14629712.2019.1675319","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the traditional reputation of the Spanish horse as a naturally abundant, high quality animal found in the Iberian Peninsula, Iberian monarchs had routinely expressed concern about a scarcity of horses as early as the thirteenth century. An initiative in the mid-sixteenth century to improve horses for the royal court reveals top-down breeding directives to address concerns about scarcity, making use of an infrastructure of royal stables and studs stretched across multiple dynastic and imperial territories; at the same time, these directives document competing and changing visions of the best methods for breeding horses to keep up with court demands. Notably, a preference for importing and crossbreeding in the sixteenth century shifted to a preference for maintaining individual strains of domestic equine stock in the seventeenth century. While the external demand for horses from Spain remained high to supply an expanding court culture in Europe throughout this period, the realities of developing and maintaining horse populations within Iberia suggest dynamic rather than static influences on the horse’s type, adding new complexity to the historic value of this courtly animal and our understanding of it.","PeriodicalId":37034,"journal":{"name":"Court Historian","volume":"24 1","pages":"221 - 234"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14629712.2019.1675319","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49043128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-02DOI: 10.1080/14629712.2019.1675328
Elisabetta G. Lurgo
T his book by Anne Motta aims to analyse the relationships between prince and nobility in Lorraine, from the reign of Duke Charles IV (–) to the reign of Francis III (–) who was not able nor willing to prevent the former king of Poland, Stanislaus Leszczynski, replacing him in Lorraine before its definitive annexation to France. According to Motta, the evolution of relations between the prince and the nobility of Lorraine occurred in the wider context of both a reinforcement of princely authority in European states and a phase of transition for the history of Lorraine. The key question for the nobility was, indeed, how to find a balance between their traditional loyalty to the prince and their desire for independence which animated the nobility particularly confronted with a sovereign exiled from his own territory. As the author points out, like the nobility in other European states, the nobility of Lorraine did not constitute an homogeneous order. However, due to the administrative configuration of the state, it presented characteristic features. Lorraine was a parcelled territory, enclosed by France, the Empire and Franche Comté, composed of three principal entities: the three archbishoprics of Metz, Toul and Verdun which were subject to the king of France from , the duchy of Lorraine and the duchy of Bar. These two duchies, legally and politically connected since the end of the fifteenth century, are the main topic of this study: one primary objective is to question the traditional image of a Lorraine nobility constant in its loyalty to the prince and in its resistance to French occupations. The idea of a general consensus among the Lorraine nobility has already been questioned by some historians, such as Yves Le Moigne and, more recently, Philippe Martin. As Anne Motta notes, we still lack an overall study of the political dimension of the Lorraine nobility as a social grouping in order to understand the real place of local nobility in princely circles and to evaluate the effective impact of its practices of power. The central topic of Motta’s study being the nobility as a political force, her analysis only takes into account the most representative families, close to the prince and directly involved in government. She therefore does not address minor rural nobility or nobles settled abroad, in foreign courts. The linkages between local nobility and the prince grew in strength at the beginning of the seventeenth century, when the so-called second order was incarnated by ancient feudality. In a second phase, from to , the nobility experienced the exile of the prince and the French occupation of the duchy; the return of stability opened a new phase, from to , in which the prince attempted to restore his power with the initial support of a destabilized nobility. If Duke Leopold I (–) chose to conciliate the
{"title":"Power and Place: The Duke and the Nobility in Early Modern Lorraine","authors":"Elisabetta G. Lurgo","doi":"10.1080/14629712.2019.1675328","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14629712.2019.1675328","url":null,"abstract":"T his book by Anne Motta aims to analyse the relationships between prince and nobility in Lorraine, from the reign of Duke Charles IV (–) to the reign of Francis III (–) who was not able nor willing to prevent the former king of Poland, Stanislaus Leszczynski, replacing him in Lorraine before its definitive annexation to France. According to Motta, the evolution of relations between the prince and the nobility of Lorraine occurred in the wider context of both a reinforcement of princely authority in European states and a phase of transition for the history of Lorraine. The key question for the nobility was, indeed, how to find a balance between their traditional loyalty to the prince and their desire for independence which animated the nobility particularly confronted with a sovereign exiled from his own territory. As the author points out, like the nobility in other European states, the nobility of Lorraine did not constitute an homogeneous order. However, due to the administrative configuration of the state, it presented characteristic features. Lorraine was a parcelled territory, enclosed by France, the Empire and Franche Comté, composed of three principal entities: the three archbishoprics of Metz, Toul and Verdun which were subject to the king of France from , the duchy of Lorraine and the duchy of Bar. These two duchies, legally and politically connected since the end of the fifteenth century, are the main topic of this study: one primary objective is to question the traditional image of a Lorraine nobility constant in its loyalty to the prince and in its resistance to French occupations. The idea of a general consensus among the Lorraine nobility has already been questioned by some historians, such as Yves Le Moigne and, more recently, Philippe Martin. As Anne Motta notes, we still lack an overall study of the political dimension of the Lorraine nobility as a social grouping in order to understand the real place of local nobility in princely circles and to evaluate the effective impact of its practices of power. The central topic of Motta’s study being the nobility as a political force, her analysis only takes into account the most representative families, close to the prince and directly involved in government. She therefore does not address minor rural nobility or nobles settled abroad, in foreign courts. The linkages between local nobility and the prince grew in strength at the beginning of the seventeenth century, when the so-called second order was incarnated by ancient feudality. In a second phase, from to , the nobility experienced the exile of the prince and the French occupation of the duchy; the return of stability opened a new phase, from to , in which the prince attempted to restore his power with the initial support of a destabilized nobility. If Duke Leopold I (–) chose to conciliate the","PeriodicalId":37034,"journal":{"name":"Court Historian","volume":"24 1","pages":"286 - 290"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14629712.2019.1675328","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44184350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-02DOI: 10.1080/14629712.2019.1675325
Oliver Cox
This article explores the role played by different types of equine culture — haute école and horse racing — in the turbulent politics of the early years of George III’s reign. It suggests that opponents to Lord Bute politicised the racecourse, and in particular Newmarket, in order to challenge the men and measures of the court of St James’s. Whilst Newmarket can be understood as a significant alternative to London as a site of aristocratic politicking, those eager to court favour with Lord Bute also tried to share his love of Spanish-bred horses.
{"title":"‘Newmarket, that Infamous Seminary of Iniquity and Ill Manners’: Horses and Courts in the Early Years of George III’s Reign","authors":"Oliver Cox","doi":"10.1080/14629712.2019.1675325","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14629712.2019.1675325","url":null,"abstract":"This article explores the role played by different types of equine culture — haute école and horse racing — in the turbulent politics of the early years of George III’s reign. It suggests that opponents to Lord Bute politicised the racecourse, and in particular Newmarket, in order to challenge the men and measures of the court of St James’s. Whilst Newmarket can be understood as a significant alternative to London as a site of aristocratic politicking, those eager to court favour with Lord Bute also tried to share his love of Spanish-bred horses.","PeriodicalId":37034,"journal":{"name":"Court Historian","volume":"24 1","pages":"269 - 281"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14629712.2019.1675325","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49269864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-02DOI: 10.1080/14629712.2019.1675924
Lucia Luque Segovia
{"title":"Magnificence in the Seventeenth Century. Performing Splendour in Catholic and Protestant Contexts","authors":"Lucia Luque Segovia","doi":"10.1080/14629712.2019.1675924","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14629712.2019.1675924","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37034,"journal":{"name":"Court Historian","volume":"24 1","pages":"298 - 300"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14629712.2019.1675924","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43201026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-02DOI: 10.1080/14629712.2019.1675327
Erika Graham-Goering
A lthough queenship studies is by now a flourishing field, this collection is one of the first to move the spotlight away from Western Europe and to query the extent to which the theoretical models of queenly roles developed in medieval and early modern Europe can be consistently applied across diverse socio-cultural contexts. It does so by juxtaposing twenty-one case studies, most often of one or a handful of women though occasionally taking a more generalized view, divided into three analytical themes. The first two of these main sections focus on different categories of ruling women: Part , ‘Perceptions of Regnant Queenship’, looks at examples of women who came to the throne in their own right, while Part , ‘Practising Co-Rulership’, considers women who exercised power in conjunction with others as wives or mothers, though as several essays demonstrate, there could sometimes be only the thinnest of lines between outright and contingent rulership. Part , ‘Breaking Down Boundaries: Comparative Studies of Queenship’, takes a different approach by focusing on parallel case studies across cultural, religious, and geographic lines. In each section, the contributions progress over more than a millennium of history from the seventh century to the nineteenth, and highlight the interest of exploring beyond the ‘core’ of Western European monarchy by looking to the European periphery (both East and West) and beyond to the Arabic Mediterranean, South and East Asia, and to a lesser extent subSaharan Africa and New Zealand. The result demonstrates that the fundamental issues of how women obtained and exercised power, and how this authority was displayed and perceived, responded to specific social frameworks, while conforming more often than not to certain consistent, cross-cultural norms. This broad remit necessarily entails transplanting the concept of ‘queen’ (and so ‘queenship’) which, as Woodacre acknowledges in her Introduction, is ‘an entirely European construct’ (p. ). On a linguistic level, it is not always a simple matter to assess the equivalency of titles used by elite women elsewhere (especially in the absence of a feminine analogue to a kingly title), while on a cultural level major differences in social structures complicate any parallels that might be drawn. While Woodacre proposes an effective general solution, that the aim is to study the role(s) of the ‘pre-eminent woman in the political and societal context of the realm’ (p. ), several of the essays continue, rightly, to grapple with the implications of this comparison. Among the most effective in this regard are Jane Hooper’s study of Queen Béti of Madagascar c., and Aidan Norrie’s survey of the Māori women who acted as rangatira (chiefs) a century later. Both consider the implications of using colonial sources to view fundamentally dissimilar structures of authority, and the impact of European interactions with these leaders on the perceptions and practices of rulership: while F
{"title":"Ruling Women in the Pre-modern World","authors":"Erika Graham-Goering","doi":"10.1080/14629712.2019.1675327","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14629712.2019.1675327","url":null,"abstract":"A lthough queenship studies is by now a flourishing field, this collection is one of the first to move the spotlight away from Western Europe and to query the extent to which the theoretical models of queenly roles developed in medieval and early modern Europe can be consistently applied across diverse socio-cultural contexts. It does so by juxtaposing twenty-one case studies, most often of one or a handful of women though occasionally taking a more generalized view, divided into three analytical themes. The first two of these main sections focus on different categories of ruling women: Part , ‘Perceptions of Regnant Queenship’, looks at examples of women who came to the throne in their own right, while Part , ‘Practising Co-Rulership’, considers women who exercised power in conjunction with others as wives or mothers, though as several essays demonstrate, there could sometimes be only the thinnest of lines between outright and contingent rulership. Part , ‘Breaking Down Boundaries: Comparative Studies of Queenship’, takes a different approach by focusing on parallel case studies across cultural, religious, and geographic lines. In each section, the contributions progress over more than a millennium of history from the seventh century to the nineteenth, and highlight the interest of exploring beyond the ‘core’ of Western European monarchy by looking to the European periphery (both East and West) and beyond to the Arabic Mediterranean, South and East Asia, and to a lesser extent subSaharan Africa and New Zealand. The result demonstrates that the fundamental issues of how women obtained and exercised power, and how this authority was displayed and perceived, responded to specific social frameworks, while conforming more often than not to certain consistent, cross-cultural norms. This broad remit necessarily entails transplanting the concept of ‘queen’ (and so ‘queenship’) which, as Woodacre acknowledges in her Introduction, is ‘an entirely European construct’ (p. ). On a linguistic level, it is not always a simple matter to assess the equivalency of titles used by elite women elsewhere (especially in the absence of a feminine analogue to a kingly title), while on a cultural level major differences in social structures complicate any parallels that might be drawn. While Woodacre proposes an effective general solution, that the aim is to study the role(s) of the ‘pre-eminent woman in the political and societal context of the realm’ (p. ), several of the essays continue, rightly, to grapple with the implications of this comparison. Among the most effective in this regard are Jane Hooper’s study of Queen Béti of Madagascar c., and Aidan Norrie’s survey of the Māori women who acted as rangatira (chiefs) a century later. Both consider the implications of using colonial sources to view fundamentally dissimilar structures of authority, and the impact of European interactions with these leaders on the perceptions and practices of rulership: while F","PeriodicalId":37034,"journal":{"name":"Court Historian","volume":"24 1","pages":"282 - 285"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14629712.2019.1675327","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45035021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-02DOI: 10.1080/14629712.2019.1675923
Patrick Williams
{"title":"Inside the Elegant Power of Don Luis de Haro","authors":"Patrick Williams","doi":"10.1080/14629712.2019.1675923","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14629712.2019.1675923","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37034,"journal":{"name":"Court Historian","volume":"24 1","pages":"294 - 297"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14629712.2019.1675923","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49262536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-02DOI: 10.1080/14629712.2019.1675926
S. Ayres
{"title":"Crossing the North Sea: Anna of Denmark, Cultural Transfer and Transnational Politics (1589–1619)","authors":"S. Ayres","doi":"10.1080/14629712.2019.1675926","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14629712.2019.1675926","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37034,"journal":{"name":"Court Historian","volume":"24 1","pages":"304 - 306"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14629712.2019.1675926","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45830363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-02DOI: 10.1080/14629712.2019.1675323
Valerio Zanetti
Focusing on the court of Louis XIV between 1680 and 1715, this article considers how the royal hunts gradually became a crucial site for the establishment of a thriving female horseback riding culture. At first gracious ornaments to the King’s retinue, courtly Amazons went on to develop independent habits by the turn of the eighteenth century. Embracing current approaches to sport history, this paper traces the evolution and changing significance of early modern athletic practices, acknowledging their ritualistic and antagonistic elements. Information from contemporary accounts, most importantly the Journal of the Marquis de Dangeau, is complemented by close reading of letters and memoirs that illuminate the diarist’s entries with glimpses into the physical sensations and emotional experiences of these pioneering sportswomen.
{"title":"From the King’s Hunt to the Ladies’ Cavalcade: Female Equestrian Culture at the Court of Louis XIV","authors":"Valerio Zanetti","doi":"10.1080/14629712.2019.1675323","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14629712.2019.1675323","url":null,"abstract":"Focusing on the court of Louis XIV between 1680 and 1715, this article considers how the royal hunts gradually became a crucial site for the establishment of a thriving female horseback riding culture. At first gracious ornaments to the King’s retinue, courtly Amazons went on to develop independent habits by the turn of the eighteenth century. Embracing current approaches to sport history, this paper traces the evolution and changing significance of early modern athletic practices, acknowledging their ritualistic and antagonistic elements. Information from contemporary accounts, most importantly the Journal of the Marquis de Dangeau, is complemented by close reading of letters and memoirs that illuminate the diarist’s entries with glimpses into the physical sensations and emotional experiences of these pioneering sportswomen.","PeriodicalId":37034,"journal":{"name":"Court Historian","volume":"24 1","pages":"250 - 268"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14629712.2019.1675323","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49525791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-04DOI: 10.1080/14629712.2019.1626122
Kate Strasdin
Alexandra, born a princess of Denmark, married Queen Victoria’s eldest son Edward, prince of Wales, in 1863. She became an iconic princess of Wales whose position was central to the reinvigoration of the British monarchy in the second half of the nineteenth century. She was not permitted a public voice and so used dress instead as a means of controlling perceptions of her royal self. Aware of the growing influence of the media, Alexandra was able to maintain immense popularity, arguably through the positive image generated through her physical appearance. This article, part of a wider study into the clothing practices of Alexandra of Denmark, takes three prominent surviving garments from her wardrobe and applies an object-based methodology to life writing, offering a biography of both the person and the clothes she inhabited. This multi-disciplinarity between object and text creates a discourse that highlights both the value of material culture but also the challenges faced for the researcher in this context.
{"title":"Rediscovering Queen Alexandra’s Wardrobe: The Challenges and Rewards of Object-Based Research","authors":"Kate Strasdin","doi":"10.1080/14629712.2019.1626122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14629712.2019.1626122","url":null,"abstract":"Alexandra, born a princess of Denmark, married Queen Victoria’s eldest son Edward, prince of Wales, in 1863. She became an iconic princess of Wales whose position was central to the reinvigoration of the British monarchy in the second half of the nineteenth century. She was not permitted a public voice and so used dress instead as a means of controlling perceptions of her royal self. Aware of the growing influence of the media, Alexandra was able to maintain immense popularity, arguably through the positive image generated through her physical appearance. This article, part of a wider study into the clothing practices of Alexandra of Denmark, takes three prominent surviving garments from her wardrobe and applies an object-based methodology to life writing, offering a biography of both the person and the clothes she inhabited. This multi-disciplinarity between object and text creates a discourse that highlights both the value of material culture but also the challenges faced for the researcher in this context.","PeriodicalId":37034,"journal":{"name":"Court Historian","volume":"24 1","pages":"181 - 196"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14629712.2019.1626122","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45402128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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