Court Historian最新文献

{"title":"MONARCHY AND MONEY","authors":"Lledó Ruiz Domingo","doi":"10.1080/14629712.2021.1888500","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14629712.2021.1888500","url":null,"abstract":"I n September , the e-Conference ‘Monarchy and Money. Interdisciplinary Approaches to Economics and Finances of Monarchical Rule’ was organised by Charlotte Backerra (University of Göttingen) and Cathleen Sarti (Oxford University). Although the organizers planned to hold the conference in Herrenhausen, Hanover, the current situation made a physical meeting impossible. Adversities aside, they were able to convert the conference into an online format. The idea worked perfectly and the conference was an outstanding success, allowing more scholars to attend it and participate in the debates from their homes all over the globe. Throughout the conference, questions about economic knowledge, economic practice, handling of finances, abilities, or difficulties in obtaining income were addressed by the speakers. Five panels covering five main topics were presented during these three days. The first panel focused on financial instruments of monarchical rule. Maria Alexandrova (Moscow) gave us insights about Thomas Gresham, the most prominent royal financier who served the Tudor royal family, especially during the reign of Henry VIII, and the importance of the Antwerp Bourse to finance the monarchy. Cristina García (Zaragoza) explored the finances of the Aragonese monarchy and the handling of credit as a part of royal income in the late fourteenth century. In addition to their importance as sources of income, Cristina demonstrated the conditions of loans (long term and short term) and the beneficiaries of an economic strategy that was very lucrative for everyone except the monarch himself. Ana Maria Rodrigues (Lisbon) discussed the complex and sizeable financial administration of the Queen’s Household in Portugal during the fifteenth century and how this income served as a base for the queen’s economic independence, based in six cities in the Lisbon area. The second panel focused on the different kinds of income during the late Middle Ages in three different scenarios. First Lienhard Thaler (Vienna) made use of a statistical study to explain the variety of incomes of the counts of Tyrol. Manuela Santos Silva and Inês Olaya (Lisbon) presented one of the main problems encountered in determining the rights and possessions of Portuguese queens during the fifteenth century. Before becoming queen, these women could be landholders, but as a result of her marriage with the king or his heir, the new queen would receive a different kind of donation such as donatio propter nuptias, dower (arras), dowry and the morning gift. In their presentation, they explained the different arrangements for property management depending on the donation agreements. Katia Wright (Winchester) provided an overview of English queens as landholders. The queen’s income was donated by the king, so an inter-dependence existed between the queen’s patrimony and her","PeriodicalId":37034,"journal":{"name":"Court Historian","volume":"26 1","pages":"110 - 112"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14629712.2021.1888500","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43973108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Two Habsburg Women and Two Convents in the Heart of Renaissance Madrid","authors":"Annemarie Jordan Gschwend","doi":"10.1080/14629712.2021.1888459","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14629712.2021.1888459","url":null,"abstract":"T his exhibition opened in December , was interrupted by COVID-, and remained closed for months. It has reopened this September with an extension until  January . A virtual exhibition is accessible at the Patrimonio Nacional website, which allows viewers to enjoy the show in its entirety and closely study the objects on display. Curated by Fernando Checa Cremades, this exhibition spotlights two convents built in the centre of Madrid: the Descalzas Reales and the Encarnación, both of which were once a stone’s throw from the former royal residence, the Alcázar. Today the Palacio Real stands on the same site, rebuilt after a destructive fire in . The women who founded these religious institutions were two Spanish Habsburg princesses, Juana of Austria (–), sister of Philip II, and Margaret of Austria (–), consort of Philip III. Under Juana’s personal supervision, construction of the Descalzas Reales began in , coming to semi-completion by , while the Encarnación, founded in  just before Queen Margaret’s premature death, was inaugurated in . Both convents and their churches are extremely well-preserved, containing a multitude of donated art works, reliquaries, paintings, portraits, rich textiles and religious objects — many from Asia and the NewWorld — but which have largely remained inaccessible to the public. As active convents, not all rooms can be accessed, and as former royal sites, both are managed today by the Patrimonio Nacional, which organises guided visits. Checa has curated eleven expansive rooms in the Royal Palace, with  artworks (some never exhibited before), which reveal the past and present religious and artistic ambiences of these convents. Permission for some loans were obtained by the abbesses of both institutions, the real custodians of this rich heritage. Many of the artworks and objects, incorporated for centuries into the life and routines of these nuns, are still used daily, or are earmarked for specific religious ceremonies, which makes this exhibition distinctive. This is a show about","PeriodicalId":37034,"journal":{"name":"Court Historian","volume":"26 1","pages":"104 - 106"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14629712.2021.1888459","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46050222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Publications & News","authors":"Mathieu Da Vinha, F. Leroux","doi":"10.1080/14629712.2021.1888464","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14629712.2021.1888464","url":null,"abstract":"Starting in , an exciting new initiative has been launched by the Society to ensure the ‘News’ section is more timely, so information about upcoming exhibitions, conferences and other events related to the field of court studies will be sent directly to members in the quarterlyNewsletter, organised and produced by the European branch of the Society. If you would like to share news/announcements, propose or submit a contribution, contact the Newsletter Team at scs.europebranch@gmail.com. The entire bibliography of books, articles and exhibition catalogues relating to court history, from all issues of The Court Historian since , is available to members at http://www.courtstudies.org/bibliography.php. The bibliography is word searchable and includes over , titles. A new bibliography of the latest works on court history is published in each issue. Titles for inclusion in the bibliography, including CDs of court music, should be sent to philipmansel@gmail.com.","PeriodicalId":37034,"journal":{"name":"Court Historian","volume":"26 1","pages":"113 - 121"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14629712.2021.1888464","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42548951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Burgundian Sword Ritual: Charismatic and Regnal Authority at the Funeral of Philip the Good in Bruges, 1467","authors":"Andrew W. Murray","doi":"10.1080/14629712.2021.1888442","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14629712.2021.1888442","url":null,"abstract":"Charles the Bold claimed sovereignty resided in his personal body and was legitimised by his virtues, especially that of justice. It has been debated whether these ideas were influenced by Humanism and if he can be described as a ‘Renaissance prince’. This problem can be addressed through an analysis of Burgundian funerary ceremonies. During Charles’s rule, such events were inspired by the French example of sacral monarchy. This article takes as a case study Philip the Good’s funeral in Bruges in 1467, at which Charles was presented with a sword lifted from his father’s coffin. This ritual allowed Charles to compare his authority to that of a king’s by stating that, despite the reality of his ducal status, he inherited his father’s lands as a unity and at the same moment. However, borrowing the term from Susan Reynolds, this ritual communicated a general ‘regnal’ status rather than a specifically ‘regal’ one because, unlike royal funerary ceremonies, it conflated Charles’s official and individual persona, claiming legitimacy more through personal charisma than accepted laws and traditions. The importance Charles gave to his virtues and persona was therefore primarily due to his status as a regnal prince aspiring to monarchy.","PeriodicalId":37034,"journal":{"name":"Court Historian","volume":"26 1","pages":"11 - 28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14629712.2021.1888442","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42140795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rituals of Royal Masculinity in Eighteenth-Century Britain: Frederick, Prince of Wales, Takes a Mistress","authors":"Stephanie Koscak","doi":"10.1080/14629712.2021.1888443","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14629712.2021.1888443","url":null,"abstract":"Although scholars have examined the history of middling and elite masculinity in eighteenth-century Britain, few consider how ideals of manhood shaped the representation and perception of early Georgian rulers. This article re-examines the relationship of Frederick, Prince of Wales, with his publicly recognized mistress, Anne Vane, as a symbolic rite of passage that helped enhance his manly prowess, prestige and position at court. Their affair included social rituals of deference and patronage through which the Prince asserted his maturity, independence from his parents and rank as heir to the throne. Through an analysis of little-studied contemporary scandal literature about Frederick and Vane, this essay argues that royal mistresses were generally accepted figures at the eighteenth-century British court and that expressions of extramarital sexuality were tolerated as a component of youthful elite masculinity. Published discussions of the Prince’s intimacies were central to his emerging reputation as an accessible regal figure and recognizable personality, and masculine images of rulers appealed to men and engaged gendered forms of allegiance.","PeriodicalId":37034,"journal":{"name":"Court Historian","volume":"26 1","pages":"71 - 92"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14629712.2021.1888443","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44687868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reassessing the Rationale and Ritual of Hunting in the Changing Natural World of Post-Restoration England","authors":"Tara Greig","doi":"10.1080/14629712.2021.1887604","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14629712.2021.1887604","url":null,"abstract":"In the sixteenth century, deer hunting was the most prestigious type of hunting. The monarchy and the aristocracy spent large amounts of time and money to pursue this slow, ritualistic hunt that could be considered akin to a court masque in its script and symbolic demonstrations. It was also a chance for members of the court to distinguish themselves as brave and noble, and thus fit to rule or govern their respective territories. By the eighteenth century, deer hunting was no longer the most popular or prestigious hunt. The fox had become the premier prey, a distinction that it maintained even into the twentieth century. Most of the scholarship on this transition glosses over the seventeenth century and indicates that the transition can be simply explained by the changing landscape of the English countryside. This is an overly simplistic explanation. This paper will examine sporting and social concerns to explore what else could have encouraged the movement away from deer to fox. The wealth, status and social demonstrations that deer hunting provided were transferred to fox hunting. The fox hunt was also faster and more chaotic, which coincided with the general movement away from staid, performative court rituals. The growing popularity of racing also helped encourage the breeding of horses with improved speed-endurance qualities, which could be used for both hunting and racing.","PeriodicalId":37034,"journal":{"name":"Court Historian","volume":"26 1","pages":"44 - 57"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14629712.2021.1887604","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47053956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Introduction: Rank and Ritual in the Early Modern Court","authors":"Charlotte Backerra, P. Edwards","doi":"10.1080/14629712.2021.1887598","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14629712.2021.1887598","url":null,"abstract":"I n an essay entitled ‘Body, Brain, and Culture’, Victor Turner examined the question relating to the origin of human behaviour, asking whether it was genetically inherited, the result of social conditioning or a combination of both, adding that ‘one of those distinctive human features may be a propensity to the ritualization of certain of our behaviors’. Rituals, he argued, were transformative performances, ‘where symbols and values representing the unity and continuity of the total group were celebrated and reanimated’. However, Catherine Bell concludes that ritual is not a basic, genetically derived feature of human behaviour, but rather a cultural and historical construct used to ‘help differentiate various styles and degrees of religiosity, rationality, and cultural determinism’. Furthermore, rituals are not only moments of change, but also serve to affirm the entire order: for example in a hierarchical, monarchical society a coronation ritual defines the subjects’ status as well as that of the king or queen. Thereby, rank and ritual are linked: while rank is expressed in the formation of people and their respective stationing during a ritual, taking part in a ritual at a certain place — for example in a parade— affirms the individual rank a person holds in a society. Rank and ritual need to be analysed together. To discern ranks and the role hierarchical status played in early modern societies, the analysis of rituals is paramount, whereas rituals and their function need the context of rank to be fully understood. Most early modern territories in Europe were monarchies or at least dominated by dynastic rule. A central feature of monarchy and dynastic rule is the court, as a place of residence, government and society as well as a meeting place for members of the political, military, social and religious elite of a country. The articles of this special issue of The Court Historian address the topics of rank and ritual at early modern courts. The authors focus on factors that changed rank and/or ritual, influenced one or the other or challenged pre-existing notions regarding rank and ritual. The case studies range from fifteenth-century Burgundian succession rites (Andrew Murray), Jacobean court masques in England (Nathan Perry), codifications of Ottoman ceremony in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries (Tülay Artan), changes in English hunting rituals (Tara Greig), to rituals relating to sexual dalliances at the court of George II (Stephanie Koscak). At court, rituals were and are foremost a means of organising day-to-day life as well as special occasions such as dynastic events (weddings, baptisms, deaths) or political events (declarations of war, signing of peace treaties), which provided monarchs with opportunities to demonstrate their status and power to subjects and visiting dignitaries. Rank and ritual","PeriodicalId":37034,"journal":{"name":"Court Historian","volume":"26 1","pages":"1 - 10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14629712.2021.1887598","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47397236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ritual, Law, and Faction at the Early Stuart Court: Chapman’s Memorable Maske and the Palatine Wedding","authors":"Nathan w. Perry","doi":"10.1080/14629712.2021.1887630","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14629712.2021.1887630","url":null,"abstract":"The court wedding festivities for the marriage of Frederick, the Elector Palatine, and Princess Elizabeth Stuart in 1613 included the performance of ‘Memorable Masque’ by George Chapman. Chapman’s masque provides a window into the factional ideological conflicts of the early Jacobean court and particularly the contested nature of James’s ‘absolute’ authority in relation to the law. While Chapman’s presentation superficially appeared to support the King’s assertion that royal authority is above the law, the pliability of the masque form allowed for him to endorse a militant foreign policy position at odds with the King’s and even more subtly critique James’s absolutist view of royal authority. More broadly, this performance demonstrates some of the ways court ceremonial and festive occasions could be manipulated for political and ideological purposes.","PeriodicalId":37034,"journal":{"name":"Court Historian","volume":"26 1","pages":"58 - 70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14629712.2021.1887630","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43879116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A New Revival of the ‘Auld Alliance’ in Post-Revolutionary France","authors":"A. Caiani","doi":"10.1080/14629712.2021.1887659","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14629712.2021.1887659","url":null,"abstract":"C harles de Flahaut, Talleyrand’s illegitimate son and Napoleon’s ADC at Waterloo, was a popular society figure in both Britain and France. Indeed, he was to feature heavily in memoirs and studies on nineteenth-century politics. His Scottish spouse Margaret née Mercer Elphinstone, the daughter of Admiral George Elphinstone, Viscount Keith, is a less familiar character. It is to the credit of Diana Scarisbrick to have rescued this remarkable lady from oblivion. She had an extraordinary life, one which straddled European and British politics in almost equal measure. Indeed, the social circle of this couple was vast and they were habitués of innumerable European courts and salons. This biography is structured in chronological terms, starting with Margaret’s intense adolescent friendship with the Prince Regent’s only daughter, Princess Charlotte, who died prematurely in . From very early on, Margaret was prone to accusations of malicious intrigue and scheming, refusing for example to return  letters sent to her by the Princess relating to her failed match with the Prince of Orange. This stubbornness led to scandal and resentment against Margaret, who gained a reputation for being difficult. Deeply interested in politics, intelligent and an admirer of Napoleon, she was to have a tempestuous relationship with the great figures of the age. Throughout her long life, Margaret was unable to empathise with her acquaintances and friends. She came first. It was within the great Whig political circle at Holland House that Margaret first met the dashing General Charles de Flahaut. She quickly became enthralled by a man who was her polar opposite in so many ways. The liberal Charles was elegant, sophisticated, charming and diplomatic. He was loved and admired by nearly all who met him. Having said this, in the eyes of his prospective father-in-law, he did have two insurmountable defects: he was French and, worst, loyal to the exiled French Emperor. Admiral Keith, unhappy with the match, threatened his daughter with disinheritance (a threat he made good in the end). Margaret, a rich heiress in her own right through her deceased mother, ignored her father’s menaces and resolved to marry her suitor regardless. Although they were reconciled a couple of years later, the Admiral left the bulk of his large fortune to his second wife. Charles had been a notorious womaniser in his early life. He had a torrid affair with Hortense de Beauharnais, sometime Queen of Holland and mother to the future Napoleon III, and this liaison had produced a son, Alphonse de Morny (later a minister during the","PeriodicalId":37034,"journal":{"name":"Court Historian","volume":"26 1","pages":"93 - 95"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14629712.2021.1887659","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47458239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Royal Studies in a Virtual Space","authors":"J. E. Strong, A. Saunders","doi":"10.1080/14629712.2021.1888462","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14629712.2021.1888462","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37034,"journal":{"name":"Court Historian","volume":"26 1","pages":"107 - 109"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14629712.2021.1888462","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41861255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}