Pub Date : 2022-01-02DOI: 10.1080/14629712.2022.2047306
A. Cruz
A lejandra Franganillo Álvarez ’ s comprehensive study shines new light on three important yet little-studied aspects that transformed the political system of the court of the Spanish Monarchy during the first half of the seventeenth century: its fluctuating workings of power and of the patronage system, and its increasing numbers of royal servants. The unnamed queen of her title is the French princess Isabel of Bourbon, the wife of the Spanish king, Philip IV. By not identifying her, Franganillo Álvarez signals that Isabel is not her main subject, but that she will instead investigate the changes that took place in the court ’ s dynamics of power, structure and community upon Isabel ’ s arrival. Although she does not propose to write a biography of the elusive queen, she never-theless illuminates several significant episodes during Isabel ’ s reign as queen consort from to that offer
{"title":"Isabel of Bourbon and the Dynamics of Power at the Spanish Court","authors":"A. Cruz","doi":"10.1080/14629712.2022.2047306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14629712.2022.2047306","url":null,"abstract":"A lejandra Franganillo Álvarez ’ s comprehensive study shines new light on three important yet little-studied aspects that transformed the political system of the court of the Spanish Monarchy during the first half of the seventeenth century: its fluctuating workings of power and of the patronage system, and its increasing numbers of royal servants. The unnamed queen of her title is the French princess Isabel of Bourbon, the wife of the Spanish king, Philip IV. By not identifying her, Franganillo Álvarez signals that Isabel is not her main subject, but that she will instead investigate the changes that took place in the court ’ s dynamics of power, structure and community upon Isabel ’ s arrival. Although she does not propose to write a biography of the elusive queen, she never-theless illuminates several significant episodes during Isabel ’ s reign as queen consort from to that offer","PeriodicalId":37034,"journal":{"name":"Court Historian","volume":"27 1","pages":"86 - 88"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47138422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-02DOI: 10.1080/14629712.2022.2047295
Susannah Lyon-Whaley
Stuart consorts Catherine of Braganza and Mary of Modena joined a line of English and European queens repairing to spa waters to assist fertility. Following the Restoration of the English monarchy in 1660, Catherine and Mary assumed substantial responsibility to provide heirs for the reinstated Stuart dynasty. Both women faced prolonged difficulties conceiving and giving birth, yet they asserted their commitment to childbearing and the possibility that they would bear children through their appearance in the spa towns of Bath and Tunbridge Wells. The queen’s presence at the waters was appropriated in public discourse and memory, transforming spas from medical and social locations into political spaces, and asserting the political nature of the queen’s fertility.
{"title":"Queens at the Spa: Catherine of Braganza, Mary of Modena and the Politics of Display at Bath and Tunbridge Wells","authors":"Susannah Lyon-Whaley","doi":"10.1080/14629712.2022.2047295","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14629712.2022.2047295","url":null,"abstract":"Stuart consorts Catherine of Braganza and Mary of Modena joined a line of English and European queens repairing to spa waters to assist fertility. Following the Restoration of the English monarchy in 1660, Catherine and Mary assumed substantial responsibility to provide heirs for the reinstated Stuart dynasty. Both women faced prolonged difficulties conceiving and giving birth, yet they asserted their commitment to childbearing and the possibility that they would bear children through their appearance in the spa towns of Bath and Tunbridge Wells. The queen’s presence at the waters was appropriated in public discourse and memory, transforming spas from medical and social locations into political spaces, and asserting the political nature of the queen’s fertility.","PeriodicalId":37034,"journal":{"name":"Court Historian","volume":"27 1","pages":"24 - 41"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43846571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-02DOI: 10.1080/14629712.2022.2047323
Jeremy Musson, A. Westman
An eighteenth-century canopy of state, made for John Hobart, second earl of Buckinghamshire and used on his embassy to the court of Catherine the Great, was converted into a state bed for a newly created grand apartment at Blickling Hall, Norfolk. It is a very rare survival in situ and reveals how such outward accoutrements of diplomatic service could be adapted to demonstrate an aristocrat’s status and pedigree of service to the monarch, and be displayed in an architectural setting to promote personal success and family lineage.
{"title":"The Russian Empress, the English Earl and a Norfolk State Bed","authors":"Jeremy Musson, A. Westman","doi":"10.1080/14629712.2022.2047323","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14629712.2022.2047323","url":null,"abstract":"An eighteenth-century canopy of state, made for John Hobart, second earl of Buckinghamshire and used on his embassy to the court of Catherine the Great, was converted into a state bed for a newly created grand apartment at Blickling Hall, Norfolk. It is a very rare survival in situ and reveals how such outward accoutrements of diplomatic service could be adapted to demonstrate an aristocrat’s status and pedigree of service to the monarch, and be displayed in an architectural setting to promote personal success and family lineage.","PeriodicalId":37034,"journal":{"name":"Court Historian","volume":"27 1","pages":"1 - 23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45608715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-02DOI: 10.1080/14629712.2022.2047299
Jill Bepler
Confessional difference in dynastic marriages was fraught with problems for all concerned, as was the case with Queen Charlotte Amalie of Hessen-Kassel (1650–1714), Denmark’s first non-Lutheran consort in post-Reformation history and the founder of Copenhagen’s Reformed Church. Taking the example of the Danish queen, this essay presents the broader context of her inheritance of her mother’s books in 1683 and reflects on the role of personal book collections for the early modern consort. Book ownership has not figured prominently enough in studies of material culture at court and cultural exchange, but as a bride set out from her native court, the books she took with her or later received from her natal court were meant to strengthen her position in her new surroundings just as much as the more precious items she took with her. Her books could be an expression of confessional allegiance and an instrument of dynastic identity retention. Examples of how in this particular case books were inherited through several generations of female owners of the Reformed faith highlights the importance of examining the role of women’s networks in the creation and maintenance of dynastic and confessional memory.
{"title":"Dynasty, Politics, Piety and the Consort’s Library: Queen Charlotte Amalie of Denmark (1650–1714) and her Calvinist Inheritance","authors":"Jill Bepler","doi":"10.1080/14629712.2022.2047299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14629712.2022.2047299","url":null,"abstract":"Confessional difference in dynastic marriages was fraught with problems for all concerned, as was the case with Queen Charlotte Amalie of Hessen-Kassel (1650–1714), Denmark’s first non-Lutheran consort in post-Reformation history and the founder of Copenhagen’s Reformed Church. Taking the example of the Danish queen, this essay presents the broader context of her inheritance of her mother’s books in 1683 and reflects on the role of personal book collections for the early modern consort. Book ownership has not figured prominently enough in studies of material culture at court and cultural exchange, but as a bride set out from her native court, the books she took with her or later received from her natal court were meant to strengthen her position in her new surroundings just as much as the more precious items she took with her. Her books could be an expression of confessional allegiance and an instrument of dynastic identity retention. Examples of how in this particular case books were inherited through several generations of female owners of the Reformed faith highlights the importance of examining the role of women’s networks in the creation and maintenance of dynastic and confessional memory.","PeriodicalId":37034,"journal":{"name":"Court Historian","volume":"27 1","pages":"61 - 78"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47049282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-02DOI: 10.1080/14629712.2022.2047296
J. Kubeš
In this article the author first analyses the development of the first audiences attended by Imperial envoys at the court of St James’s between 1660 and 1750. It focuses on the types of these audiences, their venues, and in particular on the ceremonial rules and the role of the Master of the Ceremonies. A key focus is on the crucial changes that were introduced by James II in the 1680s when the English king declined to acknowledge the privileged position of the Holy Roman Emperor in the royal hierarchy of Europe and attempted to unify ceremonial rules for the reception of all envoys. Second, this article outlines the periods of long-lasting conflict between English kings and Habsburg emperors regarding the appropriate title that should be given to the English king by the emperor and his Imperial Court Chancellery (Reichskanzlei); the former was given the ‘Serenitas’ title by Vienna but desired instead to be addressed as ‘Majestas’. To analyse both of these phenomena, this article employs a sample of approximately twenty diplomats in service of the Austrian Habsburgs who reached the shores of England during this period, based on the written instructions given to, and subsequent reports written by, these diplomats, as well as reports in the English daily press. Only two of the diplomats sent as ‘envoys’ later gained the higher rank of ‘ambassador’ during their stay in Great Britain, suggesting the Habsburg emperors held their ground in these ceremonial debates. However, this article demonstrates that although successive British and Austrian rulers did find ways to navigate the rules in order to communicate diplomatically, nevertheless, the previously unchallenged Imperial primacy amongst Christian sovereigns was gradually lost.
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Pub Date : 2022-01-02DOI: 10.1080/14629712.2022.2047305
K. Crawford
pp. F rench royal mistresses have not exactly gone unnoticed by historians. Biographies of kings from Charles VII through Louis XV have analysed the king ’ s extra-marital affairs, mostly with women, examining effects of royal mistresses on court culture and politics more broadly. Collective biographies of mistresses have concentrated on the women themselves and the traditions they created. If Tracy Adams and Christine Adams tra-verse familiar ground, they do so with an eye to the institutional development of the royal mistress as a French phenomenon. They also set out to query, and where possible, to verify or reject the stories that have accumulated around royal mistresses. The result is a synthesis that sheds light on the mechanisms, possibilities, and limitations of French royal mistresses. Adams and Adams open by situating mistresses with respect to regency, male favourites ( mignons ), and the gendered understandings of power particular to France. The authors argue that women were considered ‘ as politically capable ’ as men (p. ), an assertion that does not seem situated in the historical record. More realistically, women (because they could not inherit the throne) were less dangerous in a fundamental sense, making them poten-tially more attractive as intimate advisors. Similarly, mignons were less threatening because they were dependent on the king for continued patronage. Mistresses were even better: dependent on personal favour, usually unthreatening, and often a form of political protection for
{"title":"Only in France: The Mistress as Institution","authors":"K. Crawford","doi":"10.1080/14629712.2022.2047305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14629712.2022.2047305","url":null,"abstract":"pp. F rench royal mistresses have not exactly gone unnoticed by historians. Biographies of kings from Charles VII through Louis XV have analysed the king ’ s extra-marital affairs, mostly with women, examining effects of royal mistresses on court culture and politics more broadly. Collective biographies of mistresses have concentrated on the women themselves and the traditions they created. If Tracy Adams and Christine Adams tra-verse familiar ground, they do so with an eye to the institutional development of the royal mistress as a French phenomenon. They also set out to query, and where possible, to verify or reject the stories that have accumulated around royal mistresses. The result is a synthesis that sheds light on the mechanisms, possibilities, and limitations of French royal mistresses. Adams and Adams open by situating mistresses with respect to regency, male favourites ( mignons ), and the gendered understandings of power particular to France. The authors argue that women were considered ‘ as politically capable ’ as men (p. ), an assertion that does not seem situated in the historical record. More realistically, women (because they could not inherit the throne) were less dangerous in a fundamental sense, making them poten-tially more attractive as intimate advisors. Similarly, mignons were less threatening because they were dependent on the king for continued patronage. Mistresses were even better: dependent on personal favour, usually unthreatening, and often a form of political protection for","PeriodicalId":37034,"journal":{"name":"Court Historian","volume":"27 1","pages":"83 - 85"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48688429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-02DOI: 10.1080/14629712.2022.2047307
Eva van Kemenade
by the Music Department of King ’ s College London. Existing research on early modern French festivals and pageantry has mainly focused on traditional centres of power, like the royal court, elite spectators, and the contributions of acclaimed artists. The aim of this conference was to challenge this dominant narrative by giving a voice to marginalised and lesser-known festival contributors, in France as well as its overseas territories. The fifteen presenters met this challenge with success, breaking new ground and delivering enriching and interdisciplinary papers on the role played in French festival culture that followed panel prove interest and need for scholarly exchanges on the topic of marginalisation in festival culture. In response to the success of the conference, the organisers are working towards an edited volume will include a revised and expanded version of a number of the presented
{"title":"Marginalised Voices in French Festival Culture","authors":"Eva van Kemenade","doi":"10.1080/14629712.2022.2047307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14629712.2022.2047307","url":null,"abstract":"by the Music Department of King ’ s College London. Existing research on early modern French festivals and pageantry has mainly focused on traditional centres of power, like the royal court, elite spectators, and the contributions of acclaimed artists. The aim of this conference was to challenge this dominant narrative by giving a voice to marginalised and lesser-known festival contributors, in France as well as its overseas territories. The fifteen presenters met this challenge with success, breaking new ground and delivering enriching and interdisciplinary papers on the role played in French festival culture that followed panel prove interest and need for scholarly exchanges on the topic of marginalisation in festival culture. In response to the success of the conference, the organisers are working towards an edited volume will include a revised and expanded version of a number of the presented","PeriodicalId":37034,"journal":{"name":"Court Historian","volume":"27 1","pages":"89 - 91"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47460745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-02DOI: 10.1080/14629712.2021.1996945
S. Adams
Like most of the other departments of the Elizabethan court, only fragments of the archives of the Stables survive. Like the other departments too, its institutional structure was an inheritance from Henry VIII. Robert Dudley, earl of Leicester, was Elizabeth I’s Master of the Horse for nearly thirty years and as such shaped her Stables. This article demonstrates that, while he made limited institutional changes, he nevertheless expanded the personnel and made serious efforts to introduce and publicise the latest Italian methods of equitation.
{"title":"Providing for a Queen: The Stables under Elizabeth I","authors":"S. Adams","doi":"10.1080/14629712.2021.1996945","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14629712.2021.1996945","url":null,"abstract":"Like most of the other departments of the Elizabethan court, only fragments of the archives of the Stables survive. Like the other departments too, its institutional structure was an inheritance from Henry VIII. Robert Dudley, earl of Leicester, was Elizabeth I’s Master of the Horse for nearly thirty years and as such shaped her Stables. This article demonstrates that, while he made limited institutional changes, he nevertheless expanded the personnel and made serious efforts to introduce and publicise the latest Italian methods of equitation.","PeriodicalId":37034,"journal":{"name":"Court Historian","volume":"26 1","pages":"210 - 228"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44288110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-02DOI: 10.1080/14629712.2021.1996967
K. Kosior
I n May , the University of Cambridge hosted the conference ‘Dressing a Picture: Reimagining the Court Portrait –’. Ana Howie (Cambridge) and Alessandro Nicola Malusà (Cambridge) came up with the original idea for the conference, organised and convened it. The initial plans were to host the conference in May in Cambridge, but the disruption by the pandemic meant that we met a year later online. This was not of detriment to the conference, which gathered well over one hundred participants from all over the world. The aim was to explore the realities of costume and courtly life through portraiture, focusing on how the material culture of dress and adornment reflected social, cultural and political contexts. The framework of the conference was unusual in that each themed panel — courtly bodies, gender, global considerations, the court as a stage, and the figure of the artist — was introduced by a thirty-minute panel keynote. This worked well, enabling in-depth explorations of the themes in the allotted discussion time. The conference brought together scholars working on both European and non-European subjects, giving it a genuinely global reach. We heard papers on representations of the early modern Japanese court by Alejandro M. Sanz Guillén (Universidad de Zaragoza) and the Qing imperial portraits by Mei Mei Rado (LACMA). For scholars of Europe like myself, this was a fantastic opportunity to learn about Asian royal cultures and representations of authority and gender; the wonderful images shown by both scholars were truly a feast for the eyes. Two papers drew attention to how fabrics and gestures were used to denote early modern racial hierarchies, particularly relating to female attendants of colour. Marina Hopkins (Warburg Institute) discussed the portrait representing María Luisa de Toledo, daughter of Antonio Sebastián de Toledo, viceroy of New Spain between and , together with her indigenous companion. This paper provoked a lively discussion about race, imperialism and representation in portraiture in the early modern period. There was some disagreement about whether the portrait represents the affectionate relationship between the two women or is a manifestation of racial hierarchies. Ana Howie’s paper examined a similar relationship in the European context through Anthony van Dyck’s portrait of Marchesa Elena Grimaldi-Cattaneo of Genoa with a black attendant. Howie argued that the red and black fabrics in which Cattaneo appears dressed were used both to contrast and emphasize her white skin, while the yellow fabrics chosen for Cattaneo’s black attendant detract attention from her and even make her melt into the background. The discussion of European topics also went much beyond the traditional focus on Western monarchies and principalities. We heard a broad range of papers about Eastern and Central
五月, 剑桥大学主办了“穿上一幅画：重塑宫廷肖像”会议–’. Ana Howie（剑桥）和Alessandro Nicola Malusà（剑桥）提出了会议的最初想法，并组织和召开了会议。最初计划在5月举办会议 在剑桥，但疫情造成的混乱意味着我们一年后在网上见面。这并没有损害这次会议，来自世界各地的100多名与会者参加了这次会议。其目的是通过肖像画探索服装和宫廷生活的现实，重点关注服装和装饰的物质文化如何反映社会、文化和政治背景。会议的框架不同寻常，因为每个主题小组——宫廷身体、性别、全球考虑、作为舞台的法庭和艺术家的形象——都由30分钟的小组主题介绍。这样做效果很好，能够在规定的讨论时间内深入探讨这些主题。该会议汇集了研究欧洲和非欧洲主题的学者，使其真正具有全球影响力。我们听取了Alejandro M.Sanz Guillén（萨拉戈萨大学）和Mei Mei Rado（LACMA）关于近代早期日本宫廷肖像的论文。对于像我这样的欧洲学者来说，这是一个了解亚洲王室文化以及权威和性别代表的绝佳机会；两位学者所展示的精彩图像真是令人大饱眼福。两篇论文提请注意织物和手势是如何被用来表示早期现代种族等级制度的，特别是与有色人种女性服务员有关的。玛丽娜·霍普金斯（Warburg Institute）讨论了新西班牙总督安东尼奥·塞巴斯蒂安·德·托莱多的女儿玛丽亚·路易莎·德·托莱多（María Luisa de Toledo）的肖像 和, 和她的土著同伴在一起。这篇论文引发了一场关于种族、帝国主义和现代早期肖像画表现的热烈讨论。对于这幅肖像是代表两位女性之间的深情关系，还是种族等级制度的表现，存在一些分歧。Ana Howie的论文通过Anthony van Dyck拍摄的热那亚的Marchesa Elena Grimaldi Cattaneo与一名黑人服务员的肖像，探讨了欧洲背景下的类似关系。Howie认为，Cattaneo穿着的红色和黑色面料既用来对比和强调她的白色皮肤，而为Cattaneo的黑色服务员选择的黄色面料则分散了人们对她的注意力，甚至让她融入了背景。对欧洲话题的讨论也远远超出了对西方君主国和公国的传统关注。我们听到了很多关于东部和中部的报纸
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Pub Date : 2021-09-02DOI: 10.1080/14629712.2021.1996946
Étienne Faisant
From 1689, James II, king of England and Scotland, deposed by the Glorious Revolution, together with his wife Mary of Modena and their children, lived in the château of Saint-Germain-en-Laye, close to Versailles, put at their disposal by the king of France. In accordance with his will to ensure that his cousin was still seen as a king, Louis XIV granted him use of his own royal apartment. But after a few years, James decided to move to another apartment where he seems to have attempted to live in a manner more in keeping with the ceremonial traditions of the English monarchy. However, after his death, his son the ‘Old Pretender’ did not maintain the same layout: more than conforming to the tradition of his country, his main aim seems to have been to proclaim that, even in exile, he was still a king.
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