Sleep Medicine: X最新文献

Objective/Background: Healthcare workers have experienced high rates of psychiatric symptom burden and occupational attrition during the COVID-19 pandemic. Identifying contributory factors can inform prevention and mitigation measures. Here, we explore the potential contributions of occupational stressors vs COVID-19 infection to insomnia symptoms in US healthcare workers.

Patients/Methods: An online self-report survey was collected between September 2020 and July 2022 from N = 594 US healthcare workers, with longitudinal follow-up up to 9 months. Assessments included the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), the PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5), and a 13-item scale assessing COVID-19 related occupational stressors.

Results

Insomnia was common (45% of participants reported at least moderate and 9.2% reported severe symptoms at one or more timepoint) and significantly associated with difficulty completing work-related tasks, increased likelihood of occupational attrition, and thoughts of suicide or self-harm (all p<.0001). In multivariable regression with age, gender, and family COVID-19 history as covariates, past two-week COVID-related occupational stressors, peak COVID-related occupational stressors, and personal history of COVID-19 infection were all significantly related to past two-week ISI scores (β = 1.7 ± 0.14SE, β = 0.08 ± 0.03, and β = 0.69 ± 0.22 respectively). Although similar results were found for the PCL-5, when ISI and PCL-5 items were separated by factor, COVID-19 infection was significantly related only to the factor consisting of sleep-related items.

Conclusions

Both recent occupational stress and personal history of COVID-19 infection were significantly associated with insomnia in healthcare workers. These results suggest that both addressing occupational stressors and reducing rate of COVID-19 infection are important to protect healthcare workers and the healthcare workforce.

Sleep disorders are a common concomitant comorbidity in patients with heart failure. The aims of our study are to determine the incidence and phenotypic characteristics of sleep apnea in overweight patients with exacerbated heart failure and to assess the degree of involvement of systolic and diastolic function impairment in the individual group. From 100 screened patients with heart failure in our department from 2015 to 2017, 61 met the inclusion criteria and participated in the study. 82% (n = 50) of the patients had obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), and 18% (n = 11) had central sleep apnea (CSA). The CSA group had a significantly lower left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) than the OSA group (EF% 49.6 ± 8.5 vs 41.8 ± 11.4; p = 0.013). A negative correlation was found between LVEF and the number of central apnea events (r = −0.52; p < 0.001). More frequent hospitalizations for heart failure (HF) and higher mortality rate were found in the CSA group. Screening for sleep apnea in patients with exacerbated heart failure and obesity is necessary for the complex treatment of these patients.

Background

As a public health priority, health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is associated with some factors like sleep disorders. Taking this into consideration, this study aimed at investigating the relationship between sleep duration and sleep quality with HRQoL in patients on hemodialysis.

Methods

This cross-sectional study was carried out among 176 patients on hemodialysis who were admitted to the dialysis ward of 22 Bahman hospital and a private renal clinic in Neyshabur (a city in North-East of Iran) in 2021. Sleep duration and quality were measured using an Iranian version of Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and HRQoL was evaluated with the Iranian version of a 12-Item Short Form Survey (SF-12). To analyze the data and examine the independent association of sleep duration and quality with HRQoL, multiple linear regression model was performed.

Results

The mean age of the participants was 51.6 ± 16.4 and 63.6% were male. Moreover, 55.1% and 5.7% of subjects reported a sleep duration shorter than 7 h and equal to or more than 9 h, respectively, and the value prevalence of poor sleep quality was reported as 78.2%. Furthermore, the reported overall score of HRQoL was 57.6 ± 17.9. According to the adjusted models, poor sleep quality was negatively associated with the total HRQoL score (B = −14.5, P < 0.001). Shedding light on sleep duration and Physical Component Summary (PCS), the result indicated that insufficient sleep duration (<7 h) had a borderline negative association with PCS (B = −5.96, p = 0.049).

Conclusions

Sleep duration and quality have important effects on HRQoL in patients on hemodialysis. Therefore, in line with improving sleep quality and HRQoL among these patients, essential interventions should be planned and performed.

Objective

The purpose of this project was to determine the positive predictive value of existing obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) screening tools in clinical use, in a real-world clinical population of gravidae, and to explore the development of a new questionnaire for screening for OSA during pregnancy.

Methods

Pregnant people were administered sleep screening questionnaires as part of routine clinical care. These included Facco's four variable OSA screening tool, the STOP-BANG, and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale. Those who screened positive were referred for diagnostic sleep testing, typically with a type III home monitoring device. Here we analyzed the screening responses used by those who completed diagnostic testing to determine the positive predictive value of the existing tools.

Results

159 pregnant people completed diagnostic OSA testing and were included in this analysis. The positive predictive value of Facco's four variable sleep screening tool was 74.3%, STOP-BANG was 75.3%, and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale was 69.8%. Our sample size was insufficient to create a new screening tool.

Conclusions

Here we calculated the positive predictive value of Facco's 4 variable screening tool for screening for OSA in pregnancy in a real-world pregnant population. While we were not able to generate a new screening tool for screening for OSA during pregnancy, both STOP-BANG and Facco's four variable tool had positive predictive values over 70% in our population which was characterized by high BMI and advanced maternal age. Increased clinical use of the pregnancy-specific tool may be warranted.

Objective

To examine factors associated with poor sleep quality in community-dwelling midlife women.

Methods

Healthy women (aged 45–69 years) of Chinese, Malay and Indian ethnicities attending well-women clinics at the National University Hospital, Singapore, completed the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). A PQSI score >5 denoted poor sleep quality. The women filled out validated questionnaires covering menopausal and genito-urinary symptoms, and mental health. Physical performance was measured. Bone mineral density and visceral adiposity were assessed by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Binary logistic regression analyses assessed independent factors for poor sleep.

Results

Poor sleep quality was reported in 38.2% of women (n = 1094, mean age: 56.4 ± 6.2 years). Indian women had higher sleep disturbance scores than Chinese women (mean ± SD: 1.33 ± 0.58 vs 1.17 ± 0.49). Malays experienced more daytime dysfunction (0.54 ± 0.60 vs 0.33 ± 0.55) and had a higher overall PSQI score (6.00 ± 3.31 vs 5.02 ± 2.97) than the Chinese. A low education level (aOR: 1.76, 95% CI: 1.01–3.05), feelings of irritability (2.67, 1.56–4.60) and vaginal dryness (1.62, 1.03–2.54) were associated with poor sleep quality in the adjusted multivariable model. Women with moderate to severe disability were ∼3 times (2.99, 1.20–7.44) more likely to experience less than ideal sleep quality, while urinary incontinence (1.53, 1.08–2.17) and breast cancer history (2.77, 1.36–5.64) were also associates of poor sleep quality.

Conclusion

Self-reports of education level, irritability, vaginal dryness, disability, urinary incontinence, and breast cancer history were independently related to poor sleep. Ethnic differences suggest the need for targeted interventions among the ethnic groups.

Objective

To investigate the relation between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (s-25(OH)D) and subjective sleep measures in an Arctic population (69°N).

Methods

Cross-sectional data was collected from 21,083 individuals (aged ≥40 years) participating in the population based Tromsø Study: Tromsø7 (2015–2016). The present study included 20,438 participants, after having excluded respondents missing data on s-25(OH)D (n = 161) and/or subjective sleep measures (including sleep duration, insomnia, and daytime sleepiness)(n = 490). Based on s-25(OH)D (assessed using LC-MS/MS), participants were grouped as deficient (<30 nmol/L), insufficient (30–49.9 nmol/L), sufficient (50–75 nmol/L), or high (>75 nmol/L). Sleep duration was grouped as inadequate (ISD) if < 7 or ≥9 h. Linear and logistic regression were used to calculate unstandardized β-values and odds ratios [95% confidence intervals]. The analyses were adjusted for season, age, BMI, lifestyle factors and relevant comorbidities.

Results

In both men and women, s-25(OH)D was positively associated with sleep duration, and compared to the sufficient s-25(OH)D group, the insufficient s-25(OH)D group reported significantly shorter sleep duration in both sexes. There was an increased odds of ISD in both men and women but adjusted for confounding factors this was only significant in women (1.16 [1.03, 1.32], p = .017). In men, there were no significant associations between s-25(OH)D and the remaining sleep measures. Women in the high s-25(OH)D group had lower ESS-scores (−0.28 [-0.47, −0.08], p = .006), but higher odds of insomnia (1.16 [1.01, 1.33], p = .036) compared to women in the sufficient group.

Conclusions

In this Arctic population, a tenuous association was found between s-25(OH)D and subjective sleep measures, predominantly in women.

The timing of first period of slow wave sleep (SWS) is often used as a proxy for determining if and when Disorders of Arousal (DOA) such as sleepwalking are likely to occur or did occur in the past. In criminal cases employing a “sleepwalking defense” the prosecution may argue that nocturnal violence or sexually aggressive behavior occurred too early in the sleep period to be associated with SWS. Expert witness opinion on the expected latency to SWS (LSWS) has varied from minutes after sleep onset to ≥60 min. A search of PubMed was conducted for LSWS and for any reports of DOAs occurring from stage N2. A total of 21 studies reported LSWS in normal controls, clinically diagnosed sleepwalkers, in otherwise normal sleepers following different types of sleep deprivation and due to the effects of alcohol. Five studies reported episodes of DOA from N2 sleep. The shortest mean LSWS of 6.4 min was found with a combination of total sleep deprivation and alcohol. In a group of normal research subjects, a LSWS mean of 10.7 min was noted. LSWS in DOA patients occurred as early as a mean of 12.4 min. Two sleep studies performed on Kenneth Parks, acquitted of the murder of his mother-in-law by a sleepwalking defense, reported LSWSs of 9.7 and 10 min. Sleep deprivation but not alcohol was found to decrease LSWS significantly. Expert opinions on LSWS should be based on scientific peer reviewed publications documenting empirical sleep evidence and can be much shorter than is generally reported.

Introduction

the great increase in childhood obesity rates is well documented in the scientific literature. However, the influence of diet on sleep quality in children and adolescents still needs further research in order to be better understood. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between diet and sleep characteristics and in children and adolescents with obesity.

Methods

observational analytical cross-sectional study with prospective data collection. Forty-three children and adolescents aged between 6 and 13 years diagnosed with obesity and treated at a public tertiary care institution participated in the study. The 6-day Food Intake Registry was used to evaluate the intake of energy and macronutrients. To investigate the risk of sleep disturbances and to know the routine and characteristics of sleeping habits, the Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children (SDSC) questionnaire was used.

Results

and discussion: Food intake showed association with Sleep Breathing Disorders (SBD) and Sleep Wake Transition Disorders (SWTD). The sum of all SDSC factors demonstrated the presence of pathological sleep in most patients (n = 25).