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Интернационализация высшего образования: международные векторы стратегии развития университета 高等教育国际化:大学发展战略的国际向量
Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2018-10-03 DOI: 10.31992/0869-3617-2018-27-8-9-117-125
Акульшина Алла Владимировна, Завьялова Лилия Алексеевна
The article focuses on internationalization of higher education. It analyzes the European experience of implementing internationalization strategies on  the examples of Aston University (United Kingdom) and Sapienza University  of Rome (Italy). The authors present the results of the research on defining  the level of internationalization conducted at Russian higher education  institutions under Erasmus+ project “Development of approaches to  harmonization of comprehensive internationalization strategies in higher  education, research and innovation at EU and partner countries (HARMONY)”. The project partnership is comprised of 14 higher education institutions of  different types (classical universities, institutions of applied sciences) from 9  countries of the world, namely Spain, United Kingdom, Germany, Portugal,  Italy, Greece, Russia, Belarus, and Armenia. In Russia the questionnaires  were sent to 119 universities located in four Russian federal districts  including the Central, North-Western, Volga and Southern federal districts.  The survey was based on data of 2015–2016 academic year. Finally, the  article analyzes the cooperation between Russia and European Union in the  framework of Erasmus+ programme and the role that the programme plays  in internationalization of higher education.
本文的研究重点是高等教育的国际化。以英国阿斯顿大学和意大利罗马萨皮恩扎大学为例,分析了欧洲实施国际化战略的经验。作者介绍了在伊拉斯谟+项目“欧盟和伙伴国高等教育、研究和创新综合国际化战略协调方法的发展”下对俄罗斯高等教育机构进行的国际化水平定义研究的结果。该项目的合作伙伴包括来自西班牙、英国、德国、葡萄牙、意大利、希腊、俄罗斯、白俄罗斯和亚美尼亚等9个国家的14所不同类型的高等教育机构(古典大学、应用科学机构)。在俄罗斯,调查问卷被发送到位于四个俄罗斯联邦区的119所大学,包括中部、西北部、伏尔加和南部联邦区。该调查基于2015-2016学年的数据。最后,文章分析了在Erasmus+计划框架下俄罗斯与欧盟的合作以及该计划在高等教育国际化中的作用。
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引用次数: 4
Teaching Mathematics to First-year Foreign Students of Technical University 工科大学一年级外国留学生数学教学
Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2018-07-31 DOI: 10.31992/0869-3617-2018-27-7-74-78
O. M. Prudnikova
The article presents the results of a research aimed at the investigation of the causes of the extremely low academic performance of the first-year foreign students of the Ukhta State Technical University in the discipline “Mathematics”. This category of students has educational and cognitive difficulties, which are manifested in mastering special mathematical terminology and learning the proposed theoretical and practical teaching material. The author has identified the main problems faced by most of foreign students such as a bad knowledge of Russian language and a low level of basic school training. With the help of a diagnostic method for self-evaluation developed by Ch. D. Spielberger and adapted by Yu. L. Khanin, there was determined the level of reactive and personal anxiety of each of the foreign students of the supervised group on mathematics class and outside of it.
本文介绍了一项旨在调查乌克兰国立技术大学一年级外国学生在“数学”学科中学习成绩极低的原因的研究结果。这类学生在教育上和认知上都有困难,主要表现在掌握特殊的数学术语和学习所提出的理论和实践教材方面。作者指出了大多数外国学生面临的主要问题,如俄语知识不佳和基础学校培训水平低。运用斯皮尔伯格博士开发的自我评价诊断方法。L. Khanin教授在数学课堂上和课外,测定了被监督组中每个外国学生的反应性焦虑和个人焦虑水平。
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引用次数: 3
A New Model of Russian Postgraduate Education: Pilot Study of the First Graduation of PhD Students 俄罗斯研究生教育新模式:第一期博士研究生毕业试点研究
Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2018-07-31 DOI: 10.31992/0869-3617-2018-27-7-86-95
N. Rybakov
The paper presents the pilot study’s results of the first graduation of PhD students’ majoring in Social Studies and Humanities at Lobachevsky State University, prepared in the framework of the new model of Russian postgraduate education. Graduates’ assessments and opinions about the educational process of the new format as well as difficulties and teaching problems are analyzed. The paper dwells on the issues, concerning motivation of getting postgraduate education, the effectiveness of scientific work, professional carrier development, defense of PhD thesis. The educational component of a postgraduate program is established to be perceived by quite a few of graduates as a source of new competences increasing competitiveness beyond the academic labour market. Diplomas of postgraduate education and awarding qualification «Researcher. Teacher-Researcher» are assessed by the respondents ambiguously. Plans aimed at receiving a scientific degree are the prioritized objectives for graduates for the near future. Based on the empirical data analysis the author has concluded that the major obstacles in the new model of postgraduate education development are the following: unsolved problems of so called «old model»; insufficient funding of postgraduate training; the necessity of postgraduate educational programs’ correspondence with the real needs of labour market and systematic work on selection, preparation and involvement of the most motivated students into postgraduate education programs.
本文介绍了在俄罗斯研究生教育新模式框架下,对罗巴切夫斯基国立大学社会与人文学科博士研究生第一届毕业的试点研究结果。分析了毕业生对新业态教学过程的评价和意见,以及教学难点和存在的问题。本文就研究生教育的动机、科研工作的有效性、专业载体的发展、博士论文的答辩等问题进行了探讨。研究生课程的教育组成部分被相当多的毕业生认为是在学术劳动力市场之外增加竞争力的新能力的来源。研究生学历和授予资格证书«研究员。受访者对“教师-研究者”的评价含糊不清。旨在获得科学学位的计划是毕业生在不久的将来的优先目标。在实证数据分析的基础上,笔者认为研究生教育新模式发展的主要障碍是:所谓“旧模式”的问题尚未解决;研究生培养经费不足;研究生教育项目必须与劳动力市场的实际需求相适应,并系统地选择、准备和参与最有动力的学生进入研究生教育项目。
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引用次数: 15
Culture of Critical Discourse on Education and Science 教育与科学批判话语的文化
Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2018-07-31 DOI: 10.31992/0869-3617-2018-27-7-20-27
M. B. Sapunov, K. Tkhagapsoev
The article addresses the problems concerning the formation of the methodology of critical analysis of Russian strategies, which are aimed at reforming and managing of education and science on the basis of modern social science and Humanities studies and the principles of the interdisciplinary approach. The authors state the change of the critique vector – the transition from value-loaded political statements to scientific analysis of the objective factors determining social pathologies in education system. The situation today is characterized by the attempts to find and formulate an objectivated language to describe social reality. In particular, the researchers actively use the methodological potential of such concepts as “converted form”, “red tapes”, “Goodhart’s law”, “Thomas theorem” that are implemented as conceptual tools to comprehend and describe the specificity of educational system. The general meaning of the forming analytical strategy applied to education and science is that all the management actions are subject to “corrective” influence of these principles and laws. Within the framework of this approach critique of education (and the process of its reforming) is indivisible from the constructive analysis of education as a whole system with its immanent dimensions. This approach orients researchers towards studying the “ontological” and “essential” problems of education.
本文论述了在现代社会科学和人文科学研究的基础上,以跨学科方法的原则为基础,形成以教育和科学改革与管理为目标的俄罗斯战略批判分析方法论的问题。作者陈述了批判向量的变化-从价值负载的政治声明到对决定教育系统社会病态的客观因素的科学分析的转变。当今形势的特点是试图寻找和制定一种客观的语言来描述社会现实。特别是,研究者积极利用“转换形式”、“繁文缛节”、“古德哈特定律”、“托马斯定理”等概念的方法论潜力,将其作为概念工具来理解和描述教育系统的特殊性。应用于教育和科学的形成分析策略的一般含义是,所有的管理行为都受到这些原则和规律的“纠正”影响。在这种方法的框架内,对教育的批判(及其改革过程)与对教育作为一个整体及其内在维度的建设性分析是不可分割的。这种方法将研究者导向研究教育的“本体论”和“本质”问题。
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引用次数: 1
development of University Innovative Potential as a Factor Contributing to the Growth of Labor Satisfaction of Young Teachers 高校创新潜能发展对青年教师劳动满意度增长的影响
Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2018-07-31 DOI: 10.31992/10.31992/0869-3617-2018-27-7-39-44
N. Prokopov, S. Antonyuk, S. Ivanov, D. V. Ivanova
Based on the results of the authors’ sociological research, the article analyzes the components that determine the professional development trajectories of young teachers in an innovative technical University. In the course of studying the respondents’ motivational preferences and working conditions there were revealed the peculiarities of young teachers’ adaptation in the educational process. The requirements imposed by the University in the process of its innovative development on young teachers and researchers are of key importance. An openness of the University to innovation involves the formation of a whole range of activities on quality management, measuring the activity of young teachers in research and educational work of structural units. The presented complex analysis of the developing practices allows to reveal the most “bottlenecks” in the work with young people and to offer a list of practical recommendations for the fuller use of their professional potential.
基于作者的社会学研究结果,本文分析了决定创新科技大学青年教师专业发展轨迹的因素。在研究受访者的动机偏好和工作条件的过程中,揭示了青年教师在教育过程中的适应特点。大学在创新发展过程中对年轻教师和研究人员提出的要求至关重要。大学对创新的开放包括形成一系列质量管理活动,衡量年轻教师在研究和结构单位教育工作中的活动。对发展中的做法进行了复杂的分析,从而揭示了与年轻人合作中最“瓶颈”的地方,并为更充分地利用他们的专业潜力提供了一系列切实可行的建议。
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引用次数: 2
Sustainable Development of Universities: International and Russian Practices 大学的可持续发展:国际和俄罗斯的实践
Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2018-07-31 DOI: 10.31992/0869-3617-2018-27-7-52-65
T. Gavrilyeva, A. Sugimoto, M. Fujii, Ryosuke Yamanaka, G. N. Pavlov, D. A. Kirillin
The introduction of the principles of sustainable development into the world system of higher education began 30 years ago. It is one of the global trends now. The accumulated international experience is quite extensive and could be used in the development of the national concept of sustainable development of Russian higher education. The article is devoted to the analysis of the sustainable development networks interactions in higher education in the world and in Russia. Special attention paid to various stability ratings of universities. The experience of sustainable program implementation has been revealed on the example of the University of Hokkaido, one of the seven national corporations in the system of higher education of Japan. The experience of energy and resource-saving measures in the North-Eastern Federal University (Yakutsk, Russia) including the energy performance contract, is presented. The necessity of actualization of the national project of sustainable development of higher education institutions of Russia and the development of a national rating of the sustainability adapted to the legal framework and budgeting is substantiated.
可持续发展原则在世界高等教育体系中的引入始于30年前。这是现在的全球趋势之一。俄罗斯高等教育可持续发展的民族理念在国际上积累了相当广泛的经验,可供借鉴。本文对世界和俄罗斯高等教育的可持续发展网络互动进行了分析。特别关注大学的各种稳定性评级。以日本高等教育系统七大国立法人之一的北海道大学为例,揭示了可持续计划实施的经验。介绍了东北联邦大学(俄罗斯雅库茨克)在能源和资源节约措施方面的经验,包括能源绩效合同。本文论证了实施俄罗斯高等教育机构可持续发展国家项目和制定与法律框架和预算相适应的国家可持续性评级的必要性。
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引用次数: 5
Studying Problems of Art Interpretation in Music at University of Culture 文化大学音乐艺术阐释问题研究
Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2018-07-31 DOI: 10.31992/0869-3617-2018-27-7-124-129
S. Lysenko
The necessity of scientific understanding of the problem of the classical heritage representation and interpretation in contemporary artistic practice has now become particularly relevant. There are certain difficulties in studying the problem of artistic interpretation closely connected with creation of categorical apparatus. It became clear that traditional Art studies using conventional conceptual system are not ready for up-to-date reading of the classical heritage and there are no clear criteria for assessment of the topical artistic solutions for classics, especially in musical theatre. The range of interpreters’ methods are rather wide – from authentic reconstructions to free stage variations and games with author’s meanings. In modern conditions the methodological apparatus of art studies should be revised, and accordingly the content of specialized courses for students of institutes and universities for Arts should be updated. It is apparent that postmodern discourse influences on the organization of the educational process and pedagogical technologies selection for teaching at educational institutions for Arts. The author views deconstruction not only as an art method but also as a research strategy for text analysis. Postmodern strategies orient pedagogues and students to use dialogue, permanent interpretation, multidimensional, uncompleted approaches to artistic products. 
科学地理解古典遗产在当代艺术实践中的表现和阐释问题的必要性现在变得尤为重要。研究与范畴器具的创造密切相关的艺术阐释问题存在一定的困难。很明显,使用传统概念系统的传统艺术研究还没有准备好对古典遗产进行最新解读,也没有明确的标准来评估经典的主题艺术解决方案,尤其是在音乐剧中。口译员的方法范围相当广泛——从真实的重建到自由的舞台变化和具有作者意义的游戏。在现代条件下,应该修改艺术研究的方法论,并相应地更新艺术学院和大学学生的专业课程内容。很明显,后现代话语对艺术教育机构的教育过程组织和教学技术选择产生了影响。解构主义既是一种艺术方法,也是文本分析的一种研究策略。后现代策略引导教师和学生使用对话、永久解释、多维、未完成的艺术产品方法。
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引用次数: 1
О подготовке организаторов производства для машиностроительных предприятий 为机器制造企业培训生产组织者
Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2018-07-31 DOI: 10.31992/0869-3617-2018-27-7-136-141
Иванов Игорь Алексеевич, Персиянова Галина Евгеньевна
The article discusses the problem of a discrepancy between University programs of production managers training for industrial enterprises and the modern requirements to such specialists. The result is an acute shortage of qualified top managers and middle managers, whereas university graduates can’t find specialty related occupation. To assess the needs of machine-building industry in production managers and various professionals a study was conducted at Novocherkassk Electric Locomotive Plant, which is the largest machine-building enterprise in Russia for production of mainline freight and passenger electric locomotives. Based on the survey using a direct regression, the conclusion was drawn about the current need in specialists of the main and auxiliary shops of the plant. The study showed that approximately 65% of the required specialists with higher education are production managers. To solve the problem of production managers shortage, the authors have developed a training program for production managers who will be able to manage human resources and at the same time effectively use technical tools to perform production process. The implementation of this program will enhance productivity, competitive advantages of domestic manufacturing and graduates’ job placement.
本文论述了高校工业企业生产管理人才培养方案与现代社会对生产管理人才的要求不相适应的问题。结果是合格的高层管理人员和中层管理人员严重短缺,而大学毕业生却找不到与专业相关的职业。为了评估机械制造工业对生产管理人员和各种专业人员的需求,在俄罗斯生产干线货运和客运电力机车的最大机械制造企业新切尔卡斯克电力机车厂进行了一项研究。在此基础上,采用直接回归法,得出了该厂目前对主要车间和辅助车间专业人员的需求情况。研究表明,大约65%的受过高等教育的专业人才是生产经理。为了解决生产管理人员短缺的问题,作者制定了一个生产管理人员的培训计划,他们将能够管理人力资源,同时有效地使用技术工具来执行生产过程。该计划的实施将提高生产率,提高国内制造业的竞争优势,促进毕业生就业。
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引用次数: 2
Prospects of International Cooperation in Training of Specialists in the Field of Art and Culture 艺术和文化领域专家培训国际合作的前景
Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2018-07-31 DOI: 10.31992/0869-3617-2018-27-7-105-110
E. Savelova
The article presents the experience of the international activities of Khabarovsk State Institute of Culture and partner universities of the People’s Republic of China in the training of specialists for the sphere of culture and art. The purpose of the article is to identify the reasons for increasing China’s interest in cooperation with Russia in the field of higher education, especially artistic and creative, to analyze the problems and prospects of international cooperation in the field of choreographic and musical art. The author presents the practical experience of teaching Chinese students, the effectiveness of which is confirmed by the annual increase in the number of Chinese students and is recognized by the partner universities from China and Chinese students. The author comes to a conclusion that the effectiveness of training of foreign students is greatly influenced by the formation of a multicultural educational environment, the development of bilingual teaching materials, the involvement of students in the creative and scientific life of the Institute.
本文介绍了哈巴罗夫斯克国立文化学院和中华人民共和国合作大学在培养文化艺术领域专家方面的国际活动经验,特别是在艺术和创意方面,分析了舞蹈和音乐艺术领域国际合作的问题和前景,中国学生人数的年度增长证实了其有效性,并得到了中国合作大学和中国学生的认可。作者得出的结论是,多元文化教育环境的形成、双语教材的开发、学生参与学院创造性和科学生活在很大程度上影响着外国学生培训的有效性。
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引用次数: 2
Topical Problems of Choral and Orchestra Conductors Training in the Russian Far East Region 俄罗斯远东地区合唱与管弦乐指挥训练的几个热点问题
Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2018-07-31 DOI: 10.31992/0869-3617-2018-27-7-111-116
N. Semenova
The article covers a wide range of problems connected with choral and orchestra conductors training in the Russian Far East Region. The author focuses on the specificity of the educational process organization for choral and orchestra conductors. The formation of orchestra and choral conductor’s professional skills is a three-dimensional process including educational work, concert-performing and research work. The author describes an experience of Khabarovsk State Institute of Culture in training professionals in choral and orchestra performance. The article describes the content, methodical and didactic aspects of the educational process of students majoring in Conducting. The author dwells on the features of the organization of students’ creative work and ways of cooperation between the Institute and the representatives of the creative and artistic environment.
这篇文章涵盖了与俄罗斯远东地区合唱和管弦乐队指挥培训有关的广泛问题。作者着重论述了合唱指挥和管弦乐队指挥教育过程组织的特殊性。管弦乐队和合唱指挥专业技能的形成是一个包括教育工作、音乐会表演和研究工作的立体过程。作者介绍了哈巴罗夫斯克国立文化学院培养合唱和管弦乐队演奏专业人才的经验。本文介绍了指挥专业学生教育过程的内容、方法和教学方面。阐述了学院组织学生创作的特点,以及学院与创作艺术环境代表的合作方式。
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引用次数: 0
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Vysshee Obrazovanie v Rossii
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