In modern computer system, system logs are important for problem determination in troubleshooting. Especially in the troubleshooting of systems, system administrators need to understand overview of the problems and identify the root causes quickly, and system logs can help the system administrators. However large numbers of unfamiliar system logs when are generated problems occur, and it's difficult to understand and use them. Most of the existing methods for interpreting system logs don't work immediately and are not useful for troubleshooting situations. We have devised a new method for mining log formats and retrieving log types and parameters in incremental log messages. By creating a structured tree using the nodes generated from log messages, we created a method for mining and refining log format continuously in realtime. Our experiments shows that our method can identify the formats of real system logs without prior knowledge.
{"title":"Incremental Mining of System Log Format","authors":"M. Mizutani","doi":"10.1109/SCC.2013.73","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SCC.2013.73","url":null,"abstract":"In modern computer system, system logs are important for problem determination in troubleshooting. Especially in the troubleshooting of systems, system administrators need to understand overview of the problems and identify the root causes quickly, and system logs can help the system administrators. However large numbers of unfamiliar system logs when are generated problems occur, and it's difficult to understand and use them. Most of the existing methods for interpreting system logs don't work immediately and are not useful for troubleshooting situations. We have devised a new method for mining log formats and retrieving log types and parameters in incremental log messages. By creating a structured tree using the nodes generated from log messages, we created a method for mining and refining log format continuously in realtime. Our experiments shows that our method can identify the formats of real system logs without prior knowledge.","PeriodicalId":370898,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE International Conference on Services Computing","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125317563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cloud computing offers lots of attractive benefits to individuals and organizations. However, the adoption rate is a far cry from what it really deserves. Lack of well defined Service Level Agreement (SLA) is one of the key factors. This research aims to provide better understanding of the status quo of the current public cloud service level agreements and to recommend best practices. We conducted a content analysis on around thirty SLAs to identify commonly stated attributes and commonly missing attributes. A follow up case study interviewed a selection of cloud customers further investigates the importance of SLA attributes and its relationship with potential business. The result reveals that some of the commonly missed attributes such as customer support, data protection plan are considered as very important attributes and most SLA attributes are directly related with business values.
{"title":"Systematic Analysis of Public Cloud Service Level Agreements and Related Business Values","authors":"Menghua Qiu, Ying Zhou, Chen Wang","doi":"10.1109/SCC.2013.24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SCC.2013.24","url":null,"abstract":"Cloud computing offers lots of attractive benefits to individuals and organizations. However, the adoption rate is a far cry from what it really deserves. Lack of well defined Service Level Agreement (SLA) is one of the key factors. This research aims to provide better understanding of the status quo of the current public cloud service level agreements and to recommend best practices. We conducted a content analysis on around thirty SLAs to identify commonly stated attributes and commonly missing attributes. A follow up case study interviewed a selection of cloud customers further investigates the importance of SLA attributes and its relationship with potential business. The result reveals that some of the commonly missed attributes such as customer support, data protection plan are considered as very important attributes and most SLA attributes are directly related with business values.","PeriodicalId":370898,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE International Conference on Services Computing","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125068071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In recent years, many approaches have been proposed to facilitate business process design. They attempted to measure the similarity between business processes, merge business process models, mine event logs or recommend activities. In this paper, we present a merging approach that also aims at facilitating business process design. However, instead of merging business process models, we merge process fragments around a particular activity to construct a consolidated fragment for each activity. This consolidated fragment is presented as a configurable sub-process which allows process designers to overview the interactions of an activity and configure them to create business process variants according to particular requirements. The approach has been implemented as an application and tested against a large collection of business process models taken from different domains. Experimental results show that our approach produces concise and efficient configurable fragments.
{"title":"Assisting Business Process Design with Configurable Process Fragments","authors":"Nour Assy, Nguyen Ngoc Chan, Walid Gaaloul","doi":"10.1109/SCC.2013.97","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SCC.2013.97","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, many approaches have been proposed to facilitate business process design. They attempted to measure the similarity between business processes, merge business process models, mine event logs or recommend activities. In this paper, we present a merging approach that also aims at facilitating business process design. However, instead of merging business process models, we merge process fragments around a particular activity to construct a consolidated fragment for each activity. This consolidated fragment is presented as a configurable sub-process which allows process designers to overview the interactions of an activity and configure them to create business process variants according to particular requirements. The approach has been implemented as an application and tested against a large collection of business process models taken from different domains. Experimental results show that our approach produces concise and efficient configurable fragments.","PeriodicalId":370898,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE International Conference on Services Computing","volume":"397 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126754921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dong Liu, Li Wang, Jianhua Zheng, Ke Ning, Liang-Jie Zhang
In this paper, we propose a novel model for finding experts on a given topic using social influence analysis in enterprise social network. In enterprise social networks, employees usually talk about some topics relevant to their tasks. With the integration of social technology in BPM (Business Process Management), more expertise characteristics are reflected by their actions in social networks. Social networks became an important place for sharing expertise. We explore the potential of enterprise social networks, such as Yammer and IBM Connections, as a source of expertise evidence. In this work, we utilized influence analysis approach to find experts in enterprise social network. Generally, not all experts have the habit of sharing their expertise in social networks. So expert finding approaches, such as simply using link analysis, are of limited use. Our approach can address this problem. The experimental results show that the proposed approach can find real experts, not just managers with higher influence. Empirical results have also been presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed models.
在本文中，我们提出了一个利用企业社会网络中的社会影响分析来寻找特定主题专家的新模型。在企业社交网络中，员工通常会谈论一些与他们的任务相关的话题。随着社交技术在BPM (Business Process Management，业务流程管理)中的集成，更多的专业特征通过其在社交网络中的行为得以体现。社交网络成为分享专业知识的重要场所。我们将探索企业社交网络(如Yammer和IBM Connections)作为专业知识证据来源的潜力。在这项工作中，我们利用影响力分析的方法来寻找企业社交网络中的专家。一般来说，并不是所有的专家都有在社交网络上分享专业知识的习惯。因此，专家寻找方法，例如简单地使用链接分析，用处有限。我们的方法可以解决这个问题。实验结果表明，所提出的方法可以找到真正的专家，而不仅仅是具有较高影响力的管理者。实证结果也证明了所提出模型的有效性。
{"title":"Influence Analysis Based Expert Finding Model and Its Applications in Enterprise Social Network","authors":"Dong Liu, Li Wang, Jianhua Zheng, Ke Ning, Liang-Jie Zhang","doi":"10.1109/SCC.2013.72","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SCC.2013.72","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we propose a novel model for finding experts on a given topic using social influence analysis in enterprise social network. In enterprise social networks, employees usually talk about some topics relevant to their tasks. With the integration of social technology in BPM (Business Process Management), more expertise characteristics are reflected by their actions in social networks. Social networks became an important place for sharing expertise. We explore the potential of enterprise social networks, such as Yammer and IBM Connections, as a source of expertise evidence. In this work, we utilized influence analysis approach to find experts in enterprise social network. Generally, not all experts have the habit of sharing their expertise in social networks. So expert finding approaches, such as simply using link analysis, are of limited use. Our approach can address this problem. The experimental results show that the proposed approach can find real experts, not just managers with higher influence. Empirical results have also been presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed models.","PeriodicalId":370898,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE International Conference on Services Computing","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128489443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cloud data centers are networked server farms commonly composed of heterogeneous servers with a wide variety of computing capacities. Virtualization technology, in Cloud data centers, has improved server utilization and server consolidation. However, virtual machines may require unbalanced levels of computing resources (e.g., a virtual machine running a compute-intensive application with low memory requirements) causing resource usage imbalances within physical servers. In this paper, an agent-based distributed approach capable of balancing different types of workloads (e.g., memory workload) by using virtual machine live migration is proposed. Agents acting as server managers are equipped with 1) a collaborative workload balancing protocol, and 2) a set of workload balancing policies (e.g., resource usage migration thresholds and virtual machine migration heuristics) to simultaneously consider both server heterogeneity and virtual machine heterogeneity. The experimental results show that policy-based workload balancing is effectively achieved despite dealing with server heterogeneity and heterogeneous workloads.
{"title":"Policy-Based Agents for Virtual Machine Migration in Cloud Data Centers","authors":"J. Gutierrez-Garcia, A. Ramirez-Nafarrate","doi":"10.1109/SCC.2013.55","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SCC.2013.55","url":null,"abstract":"Cloud data centers are networked server farms commonly composed of heterogeneous servers with a wide variety of computing capacities. Virtualization technology, in Cloud data centers, has improved server utilization and server consolidation. However, virtual machines may require unbalanced levels of computing resources (e.g., a virtual machine running a compute-intensive application with low memory requirements) causing resource usage imbalances within physical servers. In this paper, an agent-based distributed approach capable of balancing different types of workloads (e.g., memory workload) by using virtual machine live migration is proposed. Agents acting as server managers are equipped with 1) a collaborative workload balancing protocol, and 2) a set of workload balancing policies (e.g., resource usage migration thresholds and virtual machine migration heuristics) to simultaneously consider both server heterogeneity and virtual machine heterogeneity. The experimental results show that policy-based workload balancing is effectively achieved despite dealing with server heterogeneity and heterogeneous workloads.","PeriodicalId":370898,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE International Conference on Services Computing","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131131524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In healthcare IT environment there are disparate functional systems and they need to collaborate to support healthcare enterprise workflow. While messaging standard and service-oriented approach provides general interoperability practice, they lack sufficient support for semantic interoperability. Semantic web service technology has proved useful to improve semantic interoperability by annotating service interfaces with domain ontologies in the healthcare domain. However, current approaches rely on ad-hoc manual effort to define semantic annotation and there lacks a generalized, cost-effective approach to automatically generate semantic web service descriptions from domain knowledge to ensure consistency and interoperability. In this paper, we propose a mapping-based approach to utilize healthcare domain knowledge to reduce the effort of manually creating semantic annotation. Specifically, we establish modeling ontology for Health Level 7 (HL7) messaging standard and define its semantic mapping to Web Service Modeling Ontology (WSMO). A use case illustrates generating WSMO service annotation using this mapping with HL7 standard model as input. This mapping allows separation of concern and enables automatic annotation, and thus eases introducing semantic technology into healthcare environment unfamiliar with semantics.
{"title":"From Healthcare Messaging Standard to Semantic Web Service Description: Generating WSMO Annotation from HL7 with Mapping-Based Approach","authors":"Hongchao Nie, Shasha Li, Xudong Lu, H. Duan","doi":"10.1109/SCC.2013.74","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SCC.2013.74","url":null,"abstract":"In healthcare IT environment there are disparate functional systems and they need to collaborate to support healthcare enterprise workflow. While messaging standard and service-oriented approach provides general interoperability practice, they lack sufficient support for semantic interoperability. Semantic web service technology has proved useful to improve semantic interoperability by annotating service interfaces with domain ontologies in the healthcare domain. However, current approaches rely on ad-hoc manual effort to define semantic annotation and there lacks a generalized, cost-effective approach to automatically generate semantic web service descriptions from domain knowledge to ensure consistency and interoperability. In this paper, we propose a mapping-based approach to utilize healthcare domain knowledge to reduce the effort of manually creating semantic annotation. Specifically, we establish modeling ontology for Health Level 7 (HL7) messaging standard and define its semantic mapping to Web Service Modeling Ontology (WSMO). A use case illustrates generating WSMO service annotation using this mapping with HL7 standard model as input. This mapping allows separation of concern and enables automatic annotation, and thus eases introducing semantic technology into healthcare environment unfamiliar with semantics.","PeriodicalId":370898,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE International Conference on Services Computing","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130953049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Increasing the productivity of Service-Oriented Software Engineering through a model-driven methodology needs to go beyond business service modeling and the automation of transforming models that adhere to the SOA style. Commonly, business analysts focus on modeling business processes. Then, IT developers implement software architectures that are automatically generated from the process models. In this paper, we look forward to maintaining the alignment between business services and their supporting IT assets when business settings evolve. We introduce an approach for an incremental synchronization between business process models and component configuration models that follow SOA architectural principles. We automate the change forward propagation by enforcing in-place translations of the updates on the models in order to preserve their consistency.
{"title":"Alignment and Change Propagation between Business Processes and Service-Oriented Architectures","authors":"Karim Dahman, F. Charoy, C. Godart","doi":"10.1109/SCC.2013.101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SCC.2013.101","url":null,"abstract":"Increasing the productivity of Service-Oriented Software Engineering through a model-driven methodology needs to go beyond business service modeling and the automation of transforming models that adhere to the SOA style. Commonly, business analysts focus on modeling business processes. Then, IT developers implement software architectures that are automatically generated from the process models. In this paper, we look forward to maintaining the alignment between business services and their supporting IT assets when business settings evolve. We introduce an approach for an incremental synchronization between business process models and component configuration models that follow SOA architectural principles. We automate the change forward propagation by enforcing in-place translations of the updates on the models in order to preserve their consistency.","PeriodicalId":370898,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE International Conference on Services Computing","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133883689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Michele Stecca, Martino Fornasa, P. Baglietto, M. Maresca
In the last few years different solutions have been proposed for the composition of Web APIs. In this paper we focus on the scalability problems appearing when the software platform in charge of executing Service Compositions (which are defined as Directed Acyclic Graphs, DAGs) is supposed to support huge numbers of concurrent executions. This is the case of viral applications as well as of Cloud Computing scenarios where Service Compositions are deployed and executed in multi-tentant platforms implementing different paradigms such as Business Process as a Service, Mashup as a Service, Service Composition as a Service. The proposed solution exploits the Asynchronous I/O paradigm for the efficient utilization of system resources such as threads and memory.
{"title":"Scalable Service Composition Execution through Asynchronous I/O","authors":"Michele Stecca, Martino Fornasa, P. Baglietto, M. Maresca","doi":"10.1109/SCC.2013.38","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SCC.2013.38","url":null,"abstract":"In the last few years different solutions have been proposed for the composition of Web APIs. In this paper we focus on the scalability problems appearing when the software platform in charge of executing Service Compositions (which are defined as Directed Acyclic Graphs, DAGs) is supposed to support huge numbers of concurrent executions. This is the case of viral applications as well as of Cloud Computing scenarios where Service Compositions are deployed and executed in multi-tentant platforms implementing different paradigms such as Business Process as a Service, Mashup as a Service, Service Composition as a Service. The proposed solution exploits the Asynchronous I/O paradigm for the efficient utilization of system resources such as threads and memory.","PeriodicalId":370898,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE International Conference on Services Computing","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114958893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper, we propose a skyline computation system UCOS (User Clustering based Online Skyline), which divides the computation into offline and online stages. Based on the truth that QoS similarity implies the skyline similarity, the offline stage of UCOS system dose user clustering according to the historical user-service QoS records by given distance metrics. Then, we compute the representative skyline for each cluster standing for the general characters of the users' skylines. Benefit from those offline results, the online stage is able to give a rapid prediction for online skyline request and achieves good online computation performance by doing refinement on the predicted results.
本文提出了一种基于用户聚类的在线天际线计算系统UCOS (User Clustering based Online skyline)，该系统将计算分为离线和在线两个阶段。基于QoS相似度意味着天际线相似度的事实，UCOS系统的离线阶段根据给定距离度量的历史用户服务QoS记录进行用户聚类。然后，我们计算代表用户天际线一般特征的每个集群的代表性天际线。利用这些离线结果，在线阶段能够对在线天际线请求进行快速预测，并通过对预测结果进行细化，获得良好的在线计算性能。
{"title":"UCOS: Enhanced Online Skyline Computation by User Clustering","authors":"Kehan Chen, Lichuan Ji, Kunyang Jia, Jian Wu","doi":"10.1109/SCC.2013.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SCC.2013.14","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we propose a skyline computation system UCOS (User Clustering based Online Skyline), which divides the computation into offline and online stages. Based on the truth that QoS similarity implies the skyline similarity, the offline stage of UCOS system dose user clustering according to the historical user-service QoS records by given distance metrics. Then, we compute the representative skyline for each cluster standing for the general characters of the users' skylines. Benefit from those offline results, the online stage is able to give a rapid prediction for online skyline request and achieves good online computation performance by doing refinement on the predicted results.","PeriodicalId":370898,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE International Conference on Services Computing","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124988551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The as a Service paradigm reflects the fundamental idea of providing basic coherent functionality in terms of components that can be utilized on demand. These so-called services may also be interconnected in order to provide more complex functionality. Automation of this service composition process is indeed a formidable challenge. In our work, we are addressing this challenge by decomposing service composition into sequential decision making steps. Each step is supported by a recommendation mechanism. If composition requests recur over time and if evaluations of composition results are fed back, a proper recommendation strategy can evolve over time through learning from experience. In this paper, we describe our general idea of modeling this service composition and recommendation process as Markov Decision Process and of solving it by means of Reinforcement Learning. A case study serves as proof of concept.
{"title":"Learning Recommendation System for Automated Service Composition","authors":"Alexander Jungmann, B. Kleinjohann","doi":"10.1109/SCC.2013.66","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SCC.2013.66","url":null,"abstract":"The as a Service paradigm reflects the fundamental idea of providing basic coherent functionality in terms of components that can be utilized on demand. These so-called services may also be interconnected in order to provide more complex functionality. Automation of this service composition process is indeed a formidable challenge. In our work, we are addressing this challenge by decomposing service composition into sequential decision making steps. Each step is supported by a recommendation mechanism. If composition requests recur over time and if evaluations of composition results are fed back, a proper recommendation strategy can evolve over time through learning from experience. In this paper, we describe our general idea of modeling this service composition and recommendation process as Markov Decision Process and of solving it by means of Reinforcement Learning. A case study serves as proof of concept.","PeriodicalId":370898,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE International Conference on Services Computing","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128316816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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