Toxicon: X最新文献_第2页

Evaluation of Stemona collinsiae root extracts for topical cockroach control: adulticidal, nymphicidal, and chemical distribution analysis 山菖蒲根提取物局部灭蟑效果评价：杀成虫、杀雌及化学分布分析

IF 3.6 Q2 TOXICOLOGY

Toxicon: X

Pub Date : 2025-05-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxcx.2025.100225

Aurapa Sakulpanich , Anon Phayakkaphon , Korawan Ounklong , Jinnaphat Sommanat , Yudthana Samung , Raweewan Srisawat , Jiraporn Ruangsittichai

Stemona collinsiae root extracts have been scientifically shown to exhibit antifeedant, growth inhibitory, larvicidal, pupacidal, and adulticidal activities in pests and insect vectors. In this research, contact toxicity of hexane, dichloromethane, ethanol, and water extracts was repeatedly tested on final-instar nymphs and adult Periplaneta americana using a topical application method and the penetration and distribution of didehydrostemofoline were detected at each of the specified times using MALDI-IMS and HPLC. Dichloromethane extract, which contained the highest didehydrostemofoline content, exhibited the highest contact toxicity against final-instar nymphs (41.0–100.0 % corrected mortality) and adult Periplaneta americana (23.0–46.0 % corrected mortality), while P. americana exposed to the water extract survived (0.0 % corrected mortality), similar to negative control group (0.0 % corrected mortality). Signs of toxicity such as excited movement, tremors, depression, motionlessness, expanded abdomen, and affected alimentary canal were observed in P. americana exposed to dichloromethane and hexane extracts. MALDI-IMS images showed that didehydrostemofoline was able to distribute from the sectioned first-abdominal segment to the sectioned head segment. HPLC chromatograms of the extracts of abdominal integument, lipid layer, alimentary canal, and head segment, it revealed that didehydrostemofoline initially adhered to the epicuticle, then penetrated through deeper layers of the integument and was distributed to other tissues. Therefore, P. americana could absorb didehydrostemofoline via topical administration, which was subsequently distributed and transported to other tissues. S. collinsiae dichloromethane root extract containing didehydrostemofoline could potentially be used as active ingredients in cockroach control.

科学研究表明，山参根提取物对害虫和昆虫媒介具有拒食、抑制生长、杀幼虫、杀蛹和杀成虫的活性。本研究采用外用法反复检测己烷、二氯甲烷、乙醇和水提取物对美洲大蠊末龄若虫和成虫的接触毒性，并采用MALDI-IMS和HPLC检测在规定时间内双脱氢茎油啉的渗透和分布。二氯甲烷提取物对末龄若虫（41.0% ~ 100.0%校正死亡率）和美洲大蠊成虫（23.0% ~ 46.0%校正死亡率）的接触毒性最高，而暴露于水提取物的美洲大蠊存活（0.0%校正死亡率），与阴性对照组相似（0.0%校正死亡率）。暴露于二氯甲烷和己烷提取物的美洲大蠊出现兴奋运动、震颤、抑郁、运动迟缓、腹部扩张和消化道受累等中毒症状。MALDI-IMS图像显示，双脱水stemofoline能够从切片的第一腹段向切片的头部段分布。腹部被膜、脂质层、消化道和头段提取物的HPLC图谱显示，双脱水茎ofoline最初粘附于表皮外皮，然后穿透被膜较深层，向其他组织分布。因此，美洲蓟马可以通过局部给药吸收双脱氢茎ofoline，并将其分布和运输到其他组织。二氯甲烷根提取物含有二脱氢茎油碱，可作为防治蜚蠊的有效成分。

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引用次数: 0

Synthesis of U-theraphotoxin-Pv1a_1, an Aedes aegypti larvicidal disulfide bridged peptide from the Colombian tarantula Pamphobeteus verdolaga (Araneae: Theraphosidae) 哥伦比亚狼蛛Pamphobeteus verdolaga二硫桥接肽U-theraphotoxin-Pv1a_1的合成（蜘蛛目：狼蛛科）

IF 3.6 Q2 TOXICOLOGY

Toxicon: X

Pub Date : 2025-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxcx.2025.100224

Sebastián Estrada-Gómez , Cristian Salinas-Restrepo , Leidy Johana Vargas-Muñoz , Fanny Guzmán , Cesar Segura , Davinia Pla , Libia Sanz , Juan J Calvete

The attention to the increased resistance of Aedes aegipty to traditional insecticides has been directed to the development of bioinsecticides, such as those produced by insect predators, e.g. spiders. Here we present the solid-phase synthesis of native U-theraphotoxin-Pv1a_1 (n-Pv1a_1) from Pamphobeteus verdolaga, an active (by contact) insecticidal peptide against A. aegipty. U-theraphotoxin-Pv1a_1 sequence was gathered from venom proteomics and venom gland transcriptomics of Pamphobeteus verdolaga, and synthesized by solid phase using the Fmoc strategy followed by dimethyl sulfoxide promoted native disulfide bond formation. The synthetic peptide (s-Pv1a_1) was assayed for larvicidal activity in II and III instar A. aegypti larvae, as well as for cytotoxicity in human red blood and HaCat cells. s-Pv1a_1 showed potent activity towards A. aegypti larvae in the micro molar range, while showing no hemolytic activity and mild cytotoxicity to HaCat cells. Its potent contact activity makes n-Pv1a_1 and its synthetic version, s-Pv1a, promising biopesticides for the control of mosquito populations.

对伊蚊对传统杀虫剂的抗性增加的关注已经指向生物杀虫剂的开发，例如由昆虫捕食者（如蜘蛛）产生的生物杀虫剂。本研究采用固相法合成了一种有效的（接触）杀虫肽U-theraphotoxin-Pv1a_1 （n-Pv1a_1）。U-theraphotoxin-Pv1a_1序列采集自Pamphobeteus verdolaga毒液蛋白质组学和毒液腺转录组学，采用Fmoc策略，二甲亚砜促进天然二硫键形成，采用固相法合成。测定合成肽s-Pv1a_1对II龄和III龄埃及伊蚊幼虫的杀虫活性，以及对人红细胞和HaCat细胞的细胞毒性。s-Pv1a_1在微摩尔范围内对埃及伊蚊幼虫表现出较强的活性，而对HaCat细胞无溶血活性和轻微的细胞毒性。n-Pv1a_1及其合成产物s-Pv1a具有很强的接触活性，有望成为控制蚊虫数量的生物农药。

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引用次数: 0

Toxicon and Toxicon: X - Editorial transitions and future directions in 2025 毒瘤和毒瘤：X -编辑过渡和未来的方向在2025年

IF 3.6 Q2 TOXICOLOGY

Toxicon: X

Pub Date : 2025-04-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxcx.2025.100223

Raymond S. Norton , Denise V. Tambourgi

引用次数: 0

Predictive analysis of B-cell antigenic epitopes in phospholipase D toxins from Loxosceles spiders 蜘蛛磷脂酶D毒素b细胞抗原表位的预测分析

IF 3.6 Q2 TOXICOLOGY

Toxicon: X

Pub Date : 2025-03-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxcx.2025.100222

Alejandro Catalán , Carolina García , Valentina Sambra , Nicole Cadena , José Rojas , Tomás Arán-Sekul , Juan San Francisco , Valeria Vásquez-Saez , Christian Muñoz , Abel Vásquez , Jorge E. Araya

The Phospholipase D (PLD) toxin family, a major component of the Loxosceles spider venom, is a valuable biotechnological tool for developing antivenom treatment and diagnostic assays to overcome and prevent loxoscelism. However, there is limited knowledge about the antigenic structure of the PLD family or if sequence diversity correlates with antigenic variability. This study aimed to evaluate the possible antigenic diversity of PLDs sequences among different species of spiders of the Loxosceles genus through a predictive analysis of potential continuous and discontinuous antigenic epitopes of two phylogenetic interspecies clusters. Thus, L. laeta had higher amino acid sequence variation than other species, being classified into three phylogenetic clusters at the intra-specie level. Furthermore, multiple alignments of consensus PLD sequences from each Loxosceles species showed two different phylogenetic clusters at interspecies level depending on the amino acid conservation. For each cluster, at least nine continuous antigenic domains were identified, and depending on the phylogenetic cluster belonging to the Loxosceles species, the PLD continuous and discontinuous antigenic structure varies. Also, L. laeta PLDs vary significantly within the Loxosceles species and possess their own antigenic structure compared to other species with common continuous epitopes. Finally, the catalytic loop was identified as a common discontinuous epitope in the PLDs independently of the cluster or the class it belongs to. This antigenic diversity of PLD toxins could have implications for antibody recognition and should be considered in the design strategies for the development of serum treatments and diagnostic assays to detect Loxosceles venom.

磷脂酶D （PLD）毒素家族是Loxosceles蜘蛛毒液的主要成分，是开发抗蛇毒治疗和诊断检测以克服和预防Loxosceles的有价值的生物技术工具。然而，关于PLD家族的抗原性结构或序列多样性是否与抗原性变异性相关的知识有限。本研究旨在通过对两个种间系统发育集群的潜在连续和不连续抗原表位的预测分析，评估不同种类Loxosceles属蜘蛛PLDs序列可能存在的抗原多样性。因此，在种内水平上，L. laeta的氨基酸序列变异程度高于其他物种，可分为3个系统发育集群。此外，每个Loxosceles物种的一致PLD序列的多次比对显示出两个不同的种间系统发育集群，这取决于氨基酸的保守性。对于每个集群，至少鉴定出9个连续的抗原结构域，并且根据属于Loxosceles物种的系统发育集群，PLD连续和不连续的抗原结构各不相同。此外，与其他具有共同连续表位的物种相比，L. laeta PLDs在Loxosceles物种中存在显著差异，并且具有自己的抗原结构。最后，催化环被鉴定为pld中常见的不连续表位，与它所属的簇或类无关。PLD毒素的这种抗原多样性可能对抗体识别有影响，应该在开发血清治疗和诊断检测Loxosceles毒液的设计策略中加以考虑。

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引用次数: 0

Methods matter: Comparison of techniques used for sea anemone venom extraction 方法：海葵毒液提取工艺的比较

IF 3.6 Q2 TOXICOLOGY

Toxicon: X

Pub Date : 2025-03-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxcx.2025.100219

K.L. Kaposi , D.T. Wilson , A. Jones , J.E. Seymour

The study of cnidarian (coral, sea anemone, and jellyfish) venom provides important evolutionary and ecological insights and unlocks vast opportunities for biodiscovery of novel compounds. The success of the field is dependent on not only the acquisition of sufficient quantities of venom but also the ability to compare venom between species and studies. To date, no direct comparison of the main techniques used to acquire sea anemone venom has been performed to determine the comparability or validity of these methods to yield venom derived from within cnidarian venom apparatus – cnidae. This study aims to compare the venom extracted from a sea anemone via three common methods: isolated cnidae, electrostimulation, and physical manipulation. Using a range of non-targeted proteomic and mass spectrometric techniques, we showed each method yielded distinct differences in both the composition and abundance of components detected for extraction method. Furthermore, few identified components were shared between each of the extraction methods. These results highlight that different venom collection methods yield vastly different results. While further investigation is required, to validate the source of each of the components from within each sample, we argue that sample collection from isolated cnidae is likely to be the most representative of true venom components.

对刺胞动物（珊瑚、海葵和水母）毒液的研究提供了重要的进化和生态见解，并为新化合物的生物发现提供了巨大的机会。该领域的成功不仅取决于获得足够数量的毒液，而且取决于在物种和研究之间比较毒液的能力。迄今为止，尚未对获取海葵毒液的主要技术进行直接比较，以确定这些方法在刺胞动物毒液装置-刺胞科中产生毒液的可比性或有效性。本研究旨在比较三种常用的方法：分离刺胞、电刺激和物理处理从海葵中提取的毒液。使用一系列非靶向蛋白质组学和质谱技术，我们发现每种方法在提取方法中检测到的成分的组成和丰度上都存在明显差异。此外，每种提取方法之间所识别的成分很少共享。这些结果表明，不同的毒液收集方法产生的结果截然不同。虽然需要进一步的调查，以验证每个样本中每种成分的来源，但我们认为，从分离的刺胞虫中收集的样本可能是最具代表性的真实毒液成分。

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引用次数: 0

Epidemiological and geodemographic patterns of scorpionism in Ecuador: A nationwide analysis (2021–2024) 厄瓜多尔蝎子病的流行病学和地理人口统计学模式：一项全国分析（2021-2024）

IF 3.6 Q2 TOXICOLOGY

Toxicon: X

Pub Date : 2025-03-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxcx.2025.100218

Jorge Vasconez-Gonzalez , Juan S. Izquierdo-Condoy , Camila Miño , María de Lourdes Noboa-Lasso , Esteban Ortiz-Prado

Background

Approximately 1.2 million scorpion stings are reported globally each year, resulting in an estimated 3000 deaths. Of the 2500 known scorpion species, about 40 are considered medically significant. In Ecuador, where at least 47 scorpion species exist, information on scorpion stings remains scarce.

Methods

A nationwide cross-sectional analysis was conducted on all officially reported cases of scorpion stings documented in the epidemiological surveillance reports from the Ministry of Public Health in Ecuador between 2021 and 2024.

Results

A total of 1633 cases were identified, with women accounting for 52% of cases (n = 849). The highest incidence was observed among children aged one to four years old, with rates of 18.16 and 19.11 per 100,000 inhabitants for males and females, respectively. Geographically, the Amazon region was the most affected, with the province of Morona Santiago reporting the highest incidence at 284.14 cases per 100,000 inhabitants.

Conclusion

Scorpion stings represent a significant and underreported public health threat in Ecuador. This study highlights the considerable disease burden, particularly in specific regions of the country, and underscores the urgent need for targeted public health interventions and policy changes, including the local production of antivenoms.

据报道，全球每年约有120万起蝎子蜇伤事件，导致约3000人死亡。在2500种已知的蝎子中，大约有40种被认为具有重要的医学意义。在厄瓜多尔，至少有47种蝎子存在，关于蝎子蜇伤的信息仍然很少。方法对2021 - 2024年厄瓜多尔卫生部流行病学监测报告中所有正式报告的蝎子蜇伤病例进行全国范围内的横断面分析。结果共检出1633例，其中女性849例，占52%。发病率最高的是1至4岁的儿童，男性和女性的发病率分别为每10万居民18.16和19.11。从地理上看，亚马逊地区受影响最严重，Morona Santiago省报告的发病率最高，为每10万居民284.14例。结论蝎子蜇伤是厄瓜多尔严重的公共卫生威胁，但未被充分报道。这项研究强调了相当大的疾病负担，特别是在该国的特定区域，并强调迫切需要有针对性的公共卫生干预措施和政策变革，包括在当地生产抗蛇毒血清。

{"title":"Epidemiological and geodemographic patterns of scorpionism in Ecuador: A nationwide analysis (2021–2024)","authors":"Jorge Vasconez-Gonzalez , Juan S. Izquierdo-Condoy , Camila Miño , María de Lourdes Noboa-Lasso , Esteban Ortiz-Prado","doi":"10.1016/j.toxcx.2025.100218","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.toxcx.2025.100218","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Approximately 1.2 million scorpion stings are reported globally each year, resulting in an estimated 3000 deaths. Of the 2500 known scorpion species, about 40 are considered medically significant. In Ecuador, where at least 47 scorpion species exist, information on scorpion stings remains scarce.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A nationwide cross-sectional analysis was conducted on all officially reported cases of scorpion stings documented in the epidemiological surveillance reports from the Ministry of Public Health in Ecuador between 2021 and 2024.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 1633 cases were identified, with women accounting for 52% of cases (n = 849). The highest incidence was observed among children aged one to four years old, with rates of 18.16 and 19.11 per 100,000 inhabitants for males and females, respectively. Geographically, the Amazon region was the most affected, with the province of Morona Santiago reporting the highest incidence at 284.14 cases per 100,000 inhabitants.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Scorpion stings represent a significant and underreported public health threat in Ecuador. This study highlights the considerable disease burden, particularly in specific regions of the country, and underscores the urgent need for targeted public health interventions and policy changes, including the local production of antivenoms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37124,"journal":{"name":"Toxicon: X","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100218"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143601758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A comparative analysis of toxin gene families across diverse sea anemone species 不同海葵物种毒素基因家族的比较分析

IF 3.6 Q2 TOXICOLOGY

Toxicon: X

Pub Date : 2025-03-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxcx.2025.100217

Hayden L. Smith , Daniel A. Broszczak , Chloé A. van der Burg , Joachim M. Surm , Libby Liggins , Raymond S. Norton , Peter J. Prentis

All species from order Actiniaria (sea anemones) are venomous, even though most are of no threat to humans. Currently, we know very little about the toxin gene complement of highly venomous members of this order. To address this gap in knowledge, we sequenced the transcriptome of the highly venomous and medically significant Hell's Fire sea anemone, Actinodendron plumosum, as well as five distantly related species, Cryptodendrum adhaesivum, Epiactis australiensis, Heteractis aurora, Isactinia olivacea and Stichodactyla mertensii. We used bioinformatic approaches to identify their toxin gene complements and performed a comparative evolutionary analysis of seven understudied toxin families. Of the 16 toxin families identified, 12–40 candidate toxins were found in the six new sea anemone transcriptomes, with only 12 candidates in eight toxin families identified in A. plumosum. Across 26 sea anemone species, six neurotoxin families showed evidence of taxonomic restriction, whereas the phospholipase A2 toxin family was ubiquitously distributed. Additionally, we identified two alternative forms for the phospholipase A2 toxin family, a 10- and 14-cysteine framework, which warrant further structural and functional characterisation. Overall, we have identified a comprehensive list of toxins from a wide diversity of sea anemone species that provides the basis for future research to structurally and functionally characterise novel candidates for potential use as therapeutics or for agricultural applications.

海葵目（Actiniaria）的所有物种都有毒，尽管大多数物种对人类没有威胁。目前，我们对该目剧毒成员的毒素基因补体知之甚少。为了填补这一知识空白，我们对剧毒且在医学上具有重要意义的地狱之火海葵（Actinodendron plumosum）以及五个远缘物种（Cryptodendrum adhaesivum、Epiactis australiensis、Heteractis aurora、Isactinia olivacea 和 Stichodactyla mertensii）的转录组进行了测序。我们利用生物信息学方法确定了它们的毒素基因补体，并对七个研究不足的毒素家族进行了比较进化分析。在鉴定出的 16 个毒素家族中，有 12-40 个候选毒素在 6 个新海葵转录组中被发现，而在 A. plumosum 中仅鉴定出 8 个毒素家族中的 12 个候选毒素。在 26 个海葵物种中，有 6 个神经毒素家族显示出分类限制的证据，而磷脂酶 A2 毒素家族则普遍分布。此外，我们还发现了磷脂酶 A2 毒素家族的两种替代形式--10-半胱氨酸框架和 14-半胱氨酸框架，这两种形式的结构和功能特征值得进一步研究。总之，我们从种类繁多的海葵物种中鉴定出了一份全面的毒素清单，为今后研究新型候选毒素的结构和功能特性提供了基础，这些毒素可能被用作治疗剂或农业应用。

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引用次数: 0

Oligomer assembly of Bacillus thuringiensis Cyt2Aa2 on lipid membranes reveals a thread-like structure 苏云金芽孢杆菌Cyt2Aa2在脂膜上的低聚物组装呈线状结构

IF 3.6 Q2 TOXICOLOGY

Toxicon: X

Pub Date : 2025-03-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxcx.2025.100220

Chontida Tangsongcharoen , Jose L. Toca-Herrera , Boonhiang Promdonkoy , Kanokporn Srisucharitpanit , Sudarat Tharad

Bacillus thuringiensis, a well-known insecticidal bacterium, produces several insecticidal proteins, including cytolytic (Cyt) proteins. Cyt proteins bind directly to the lipid membrane and form large protein complexes. In addition to the protein ladder bands, information on the oligomeric structure in lipid membranes is necessary to understand the mechanism of Cyt proteins on target cells. In this work, we have investigated the oligomeric Cyt2Aa2 complex with synthetic lipid and with erythrocyte membranes. When the activated Cyt2Aa2 protein was incubated with these lipid membranes, the protein ladder pattern relevant to hemolytic activity was detected in SDS-PAGE. Moreover, AFM topographic images revealed a fusilli-like structure and a ring-like structure for synthetic POPC and POPC/Chol, respectively. Furthermore, TEM micrographs provided an additional information on the oligomeric structure of Cyt2Aa2 in erythrocytes. Cyt2Aa2 appears to oligomerise/aggregate into mixed structures between the filamentous structure and small protein complexes in erythrocytes. In addition, a nanopore was found to be a substructure of the filamentous structure. These results strengthen the understanding of Cyt2Aa2 behavior in these two membrane systems, the fusilli and ring-like structures, depending on the type of lipid membrane. Furthermore, the structure of Cyt2Aa2 in insect target membranes remains to be investigated.

苏云金芽孢杆菌是一种众所周知的杀虫细菌，它产生几种杀虫蛋白，包括细胞溶解（Cyt）蛋白。细胞蛋白直接与脂质膜结合，形成大的蛋白复合物。除了蛋白质阶梯带外，脂质膜上的寡聚结构信息对于了解Cyt蛋白对靶细胞的作用机制是必要的。在这项工作中，我们研究了低聚物Cyt2Aa2与合成脂质和红细胞膜的复合物。当活化的Cyt2Aa2蛋白与这些脂质膜孵育时，SDS-PAGE检测到与溶血活性相关的蛋白阶梯模式。此外，AFM形貌图像显示合成POPC和POPC/Chol分别具有梭状结构和环状结构。此外，TEM显微照片提供了红细胞中Cyt2Aa2寡聚结构的额外信息。在红细胞中，Cyt2Aa2似乎寡聚/聚集成介于丝状结构和小蛋白复合物之间的混合结构。此外，发现纳米孔是丝状结构的亚结构。这些结果加强了对基于脂质膜类型的两种膜系统（fusilli和环状结构）中Cyt2Aa2行为的理解。此外，昆虫靶膜中Cyt2Aa2的结构还有待进一步研究。

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引用次数: 0

Biochemical characterization of the venom of the Bolivian endemic pit viper Bothrops sanctaecrucis 玻利维亚特有毒蛇Bothrops sanctaecrucis毒液的生化特征

IF 3.6 Q2 TOXICOLOGY

Toxicon: X

Pub Date : 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxcx.2025.100216

Kevin Lobo-López , Matías E. Martínez , Micaela A. Gritti , María E. Peichoto

Ophidic accidents are an important public health problem in South America, specifically those related to the Bothrops genus, due to their high incidence, complexity and severity of envenomation symptoms. The species B. sanctaecrucis, the only one from this genus endemic to Bolivia, is the most frequently found and involved in snakebites in the Chapare region of Cochabamba; however, its toxicological implications on human health are poorly known. Herein we conducted the first biochemical characterization of its venom. Its electrophoretic profile showed components mainly ranging from ∼10 to 37 kDa, resembling other Bothrops venoms. The venom exhibited high activity on azocasein (47.65 U/mg) and the thrombin-specific substrate S-2238 (625.55 μmol/min/mg), and noticeably hydrolyzed gelatin and human fibrin(ogen). The venom also degraded lecithin and hyaluronic acid, but both at low levels. These in vitro results point out a toxic mechanism of action fundamentally at a local level, with tissue damage likely caused (although not exclusively) by SVMPs. Immunochemical reactivity was evaluated against Bothrops antivenoms produced in Argentina, which not only exhibited cross-reaction by Western Blotting but also neutralized the procoagulant activity of the venom. This study offers first insights into the venom components of B. sanctaecrucis, and provides preliminary and important information about the pathophysiological mechanisms involved in the envenomation by this species, paving the way for treatment strategies in such accidents.

在南美洲，毒蛇事故是一个重要的公共卫生问题，特别是那些与Bothrops属有关的事故，因为它们的发病率高、中毒症状复杂且严重。玻利维亚唯一的一种这种属的特有物种，在科恰班巴的查帕雷地区最常被发现并参与蛇咬伤；然而，人们对其对人类健康的毒理学影响知之甚少。在这里，我们对其毒液进行了第一次生化表征。其电泳图谱显示其成分主要在~ 10 ~ 37kda之间，与其他Bothrops毒液相似。该毒液对偶氮酪蛋白（47.65 U/mg）和凝血酶特异性底物S-2238 （625.55 μmol/min/mg）具有较高的活性，对明胶和人纤维蛋白（原）具有明显的水解活性。这种毒液也能降解卵磷脂和透明质酸，但含量都很低。这些体外实验结果指出了一种从根本上在局部水平上起作用的毒性机制，svmp可能引起（尽管不是全部）组织损伤。阿根廷产的Bothrops抗蛇毒血清不仅表现出交叉反应，而且还中和了蛇毒的促凝活性。本研究首次揭示了sanctaecrucis的毒液成分，并为该物种中毒的病理生理机制提供了初步的重要信息，为此类事故的治疗策略铺平了道路。

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引用次数: 0

Drugs from poisonous plants: Ethnopharmacological relevance to modern perspectives 从有毒植物中提取的药物：与现代观点相关的民族药理学

IF 3.6 Q2 TOXICOLOGY

Toxicon: X

Pub Date : 2025-01-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxcx.2025.100215

Bhagya Lakhmi Rajbongshi , Ashis K. Mukherjee

The world of plant diversity is endlessly fascinating and essential for life on Earth. Since the inception of early civilization, humans have utilized plants for several purposes, particularly for their medicinal value. While some plants are known for their toxicity, they also contain beneficial phytochemicals that are important for both plants and humans, indicating their dual nature. This study aims to explore and synthesize the existing knowledge on various poisonous plant species found worldwide. It primarily focuses on the therapeutic potential of specific types of phytochemicals responsible for treating multiple diseases. This review includes a list of 70 poisonous plants with medicinal properties for treating various ailments, as well as some of their traditional uses. A few of these plants are emphasized, which have been tremendously explored and studied, hold significant potential to contribute to modern drug discovery. Furthermore, it addresses the possible prospects and challenges of using poisonous plants and their phytochemicals as therapeutic agents. Although the therapeutic potential of poisonous plants is substantial, many toxins remain unexplored. This review accentuates the need for rigorous scientific investigations, prior to clinical trials to validate their traditional uses, which would reveal the pharmacological interventions that will eventually advance human health and well-being.

植物多样性的世界是无穷无尽的迷人，对地球上的生命至关重要。自早期文明开始以来，人类已经将植物用于多种目的，特别是其药用价值。虽然有些植物以其毒性而闻名，但它们也含有有益的植物化学物质，对植物和人类都很重要，这表明它们具有双重性质。本研究旨在探索和综合世界各地各种有毒植物的现有知识。它主要侧重于治疗多种疾病的特定类型的植物化学物质的治疗潜力。这篇综述列出了70种具有治疗各种疾病的药用特性的有毒植物，以及它们的一些传统用途。这些植物中有一些已经被极大地探索和研究，对现代药物发现有很大的潜力。此外，它提出了利用有毒植物及其植物化学物质作为治疗剂的可能前景和挑战。尽管有毒植物的治疗潜力很大，但许多毒素仍未被开发。这一综述强调了在临床试验之前进行严格的科学调查以验证其传统用途的必要性，这将揭示最终将促进人类健康和福祉的药理干预措施。

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引用次数: 0