She Ji-The Journal of Design Economics and Innovation最新文献

Previous design cases and examples are important resources in design, most famously conceptualized by Donald Schön as the designer’s repertoire. We propose a way of approaching and gathering such examples, and introduce a tool for constructing and analyzing the design spaces these collections form. Each example is deconstructed in terms of aspects of concern and options for how these aspects can be implemented. The example is then represented within a design space schema comprising aspect-option sets. This makes it possible to conceptualize a design space of aspect-option sets reflecting the focal collection, and to position individual examples within that design space. We demonstrate our approach through an analysis of 54 media architecture installations listed on the Media Architecture Biennale award nomination lists from 2012, 2014, 2016, and 2018. We discuss how this approach compares to similar approaches, and detail the knowledge building process that it enables, which includes two main elements: 1) developing a language to describe the examples in terms of the aspect-option sets; and 2) exploring the design space through filtering the design space.

Speculative design is a subsidiary field of critical design practice. It generally involves developing scenarios based on a central object, often a prototype. Because it is concerned with alternative present and future states, many acknowledge the potential of speculative design for raising critical discussion and public engagement on science, technology, and society. In this article, we ask how the analogy of speculative design to thought experiments highlights or problematizes certain aspects of speculative design. Building on the work of Anthony Dunne and Fiona Raby, we answer this question through a comparative conceptual analysis of speculative design and thought experimentation as they are understood in their original contexts. We go on to create a theoretical framework applied to four cases: Metamorphism; Walden, a game; The Substitute; and GoatMan. We argue that understanding speculative design by analogy to thought experiments could help design practitioners better achieve the aim of public engagement, enabling a more inclusive and nuanced discussion about the form and style of speculative design.

Advances in biodesign offer opportunities for developing materials for everyday products from living organisms, such as fungi, algae, and bacteria. Gaining widespread acceptance of new materials from the general public can be a lengthy process, making biodesign a high-risk pursuit with potentially significant economic, ecological, and social impacts. In this article, we conceptualize the notion of materials framing—combining knowledge from materials science, product design, and innovation management to create a communications strategy that accelerates popular adoption of novel materials. Which of its qualities will help orient users’ understanding of the new material? What is the best way to present those qualities? An extensive analysis of nine biodesign companies’ text and visual web communications revealed three core materials framing categories: material origins, fabrication processes, and material outcomes. We argue that these three categories expand the audiences’ focus beyond mere outcomes to include an organism’s design potential—a lens with which to gain a more comprehensive view of the possibilities the material from a living organism affords.

Over the last decade, the emergence of military design theorists, educators, and practitioners has coagulated into a community of practice internationally and across multiple armed forces. This new group of military academics and professionals demonstrates a keen interest in developing and expanding the notion of “designing for war.” For military design theory, there are unexpected design contributions from postmodern philosophy, non-Western concepts, and other highly subjective and alternative fields and practices that provide insight and novel thought for human opportunities within the dynamic and complex conflict contexts of the 21st century. Many of these novel constructs are not available in mainstream commercial design applications, methods, or theory—they were developed for military design contexts and are largely unknown outside of the community of practice for security contexts. Part of this lack of exposure is inevitable, given the classification requirements of many design efforts. This article presents one of the most popular military design techniques used by the Joint Special Operations University (JSOU), a military education platform in Tampa, Florida. JSOU is part of the US Special Operations Command (USSOCOM) and provides tailored education to Special Operations Forces (SOF) worldwide.

Design schools around the world often state that they offer instruction on topics such as sustainability, inclusive design, and responsible design. Fifty years ago, design scholar Victor Papanek had already begun teaching industrial designers that they were contributing to consumerism by designing unnecessary gadgets. Papanek urged them to offer more responsible solutions to the real difficulties that people face daily, difficulties that spanned a range of problems from physical challenges to societal ones. His works were not appreciated—at all—by his American industrial designer contemporaries, but still served as powerful inspiration to European design academics whose efforts comprise some of the first PhD work on design. Here I describe Papanek’s writing and inspiration, and note how long it took before influential design academics would seek to educate and inspire others based on his work. I have served as dean at three universities where his legacy lives on in teaching and research. I will reflect on some of the recent activities taking place under Papanek’s influence at these institutions, and offer a personal perspective of these developments, and some reflections on the progress in light of Papanek’s lessons overall.

As Wikipedia approaches its 20th anniversary, this article explores the complex relationship between the Wikipedia world and the world of academia. This article examines the ongoing debate about the quality and reliability of Wikipedia and its relationship to traditional reference works. It also examines the difficulties of experts who try to contribute to Wikipedia. It also considers the clash between amateur and expert practices of knowledge production and the lack of professional motivation for using Wikipedia in education and research.

This article presents an argument to extend possibilities and discussions about the role of design in democratic participation. We ground this argument in case studies and observations of several grassroots experimental participatory design workshops run with the intention of producing spaces for community deliberation and a tangible transformation of these communities. These cases show how systemic mapping and prototyping are used to increase community understanding of how potential futures represent values systems that should correspond to the values the community would like to see in place. The methodologies used on these workshops are presented it here as an opportunity to question the role of design in democratic deliberation and policy making.