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She Ji-The Journal of Design Economics and Innovation最新文献

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IF 2 2区 社会学 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2021-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/S2405-8726(21)00125-8
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引用次数: 0
Can Design Be Non-paternalistic? Conceptualizing Paternalism in the Design Profession 设计可以非家长式的吗?概念化设计行业中的家长式作风
IF 2 2区 社会学 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2021-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.sheji.2021.09.001
Pramod Khadilkar , Santosh Jagtap

Paternalism is an instance of someone making a decision on behalf of someone else. A professional designer can exhibit paternalism through conceptualizing, defining, and selecting current or preferable situations or while finalizing outcomes for stakeholders. Paternalism is thus, a critical ethical dimension related to the design profession. The design academy and community must theorize paternalism if we are to avoid or reduce it. Paternalism may be present at three critical junctures of design decision making. Our three-layer framework examines paternalism as it relates to design process decisions, decisions about participation in design, and normative framework decisions. The circular model represents the hierarchy of paternalistic decision making: any effort to overcome paternalism at the (inner) design level or (middle) participatory level will be ineffective if it is present in the (outer) normative layer. We discuss the extent of possible exhibitions of paternalism and the challenges to avoiding it in decisions at each layer, and contrast these briefly with overtly paternalistic design approaches, such as design for behavior change. We find that design may be inherently paternalistic, at times may need to be that way (in certain contexts especially, where expertise is required for decisions to be made accurately), and that it is up to the individual designer whether they exhibit paternalism in their design decisions or not.

家长式作风是某人代表别人做决定的例子。专业设计师可以通过概念化、定义和选择当前或更可取的情况,或者在为利益相关者最终确定结果时表现出家长式作风。因此,家长作风是与设计职业相关的一个关键的伦理维度。如果我们要避免或减少家长作风,设计学院和社区必须将其理论化。家长式作风可能出现在设计决策的三个关键时刻。我们的三层框架考察了与设计过程决策、设计参与决策和规范框架决策相关的家长式作风。循环模型代表了家长式决策的层次结构:任何在(内部)设计层面或(中间)参与层面克服家长式决策的努力,如果出现在(外部)规范层面,都将是无效的。我们讨论了家长式作风可能出现的程度,以及在每一层的决策中避免家长式作风的挑战,并将这些与明显的家长式设计方法(如行为改变设计)进行了简要对比。我们发现设计可能具有固有的家长式作风,有时可能需要这样做(特别是在某些情况下,需要专业知识才能做出准确的决策),这取决于设计师个人是否在设计决策中表现出家长式作风。
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引用次数: 3
Critique of Design Thinking in Organizations: Strongholds and Shortcomings of the Making Paradigm 组织中的设计思维批判:制造范式的优势和缺点
IF 2 2区 社会学 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2021-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.sheji.2021.10.003
Kipum Lee

Despite claims that design has moved beyond making artifacts and products, prevailing theories of design thinking in organizations remain entrenched in the making or technē paradigm. Ironically, this serves to maintain the status quo and stifle progress. Two highly visible technē models are intervention design, publicized by IDEO, and enterprise design thinking, popularized by IBM. While distinct, they deploy the same strategy: locate the vectors of organizational change in individual agents—in projects (as complex artifacts) or in professionals (as reified resources)—and implicitly argue that constant proximity or direct contact between design actors and non-design actors is necessary to generate systems change. This constant interfacing, a natural outworking of the technē paradigm, ultimately limits real transformation—it ignores the importance of social location and symbolic capital in social systems and assumes that human organizations are deficient by default. As a result, the technē paradigm resorts to a “surplus by numbers” approach that leads to the excessive proliferation of a suboptimal form of design. For design to flourish in organizations and build better theories, designers need to become more critical of the productive world and critics (in the ameliorative sense of the term) who can reshape the social world.

尽管声称设计已经超越了制造人工制品和产品,但组织中流行的设计思维理论仍然在制造或技术范式中根深蒂固。具有讽刺意味的是,这只会维持现状,扼杀进步。两个非常明显的技术模型是IDEO宣传的干预设计和IBM推广的企业设计思维。虽然不同,但它们部署了相同的策略:在单个代理中定位组织变化的向量——在项目中(作为复杂的工件)或在专业人员中(作为具体化的资源)——并隐含地认为,设计参与者和非设计参与者之间的持续接近或直接接触对于产生系统变化是必要的。这种不断的连接,是技术范式的自然延伸,最终限制了真正的变革——它忽视了社会位置和社会系统中象征资本的重要性,并假设人类组织在默认情况下是缺乏的。因此,技术范式诉诸于“数量过剩”的方法,导致次优设计形式的过度扩散。为了让设计在组织中蓬勃发展并建立更好的理论,设计师需要对生产世界和能够重塑社会世界的评论家(在这个术语的改良意义上)变得更加挑剔。
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引用次数: 7
Review of designing designing, by John Chris Jones 约翰·克里斯·琼斯对设计的回顾
IF 2 2区 社会学 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2021-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.sheji.2021.10.002
Heidi Ellis Overhill
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引用次数: 1
Readable, Serious, Traditional: Investigating Scholarly Perceptions of the Visual Design and Reading Experiences of Academic Journals 可读、严肃、传统:学术期刊视觉设计与阅读体验的学术认知调查
IF 2 2区 社会学 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2021-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.sheji.2021.10.005
Jessica Barness , Amy Papaelias

Academic journals are not known for the quality of their visual designs or the reading experiences they provide, despite being fundamental to the dissemination of research and knowledge in most disciplines. Journals are produced by and for scholars and are considered currency within academic culture; however, little is known about how visual design affects a journal’s perceived prestige or reading experience. This paper discusses a survey conducted to investigate reader perceptions of academic journals across disciplines. We used quantitative and qualitative responses to understand reader practices and preferences as they pertain to format and visual design. Across disciplines, issues related to access, prestige, readability, and academic culture were said to influence reading experience. Survey respondents indicated a desire for improved reading experiences, especially on digital platforms. The article concludes with a discussion about how publishers and editors may confront these issues and consider the diverse needs of their readers.

学术期刊并不以其视觉设计的质量或提供的阅读体验而闻名,尽管它们在大多数学科中都是传播研究和知识的基础。期刊由学者制作,并为学者服务,被认为是学术文化中的货币;然而,关于视觉设计如何影响期刊的感知声望或阅读体验,我们知之甚少。本文讨论了一项调查,旨在调查读者对跨学科学术期刊的看法。我们使用定量和定性的回答来了解读者的习惯和偏好,因为它们与格式和视觉设计有关。在各个学科中,与获取、声望、可读性和学术文化相关的问题据说会影响阅读体验。受访者表示希望改善阅读体验,尤其是在数字平台上。文章最后讨论了出版商和编辑如何面对这些问题,并考虑读者的不同需求。
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引用次数: 2
Acknowledgement to Reviewers 审稿人致谢
IF 2 2区 社会学 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2021-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/S2405-8726(21)00126-X
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引用次数: 0
A Co-evolutionary, Transdisciplinary Approach to Innovation in Complex Contexts: Improving University Well-Being, a Case Study 复杂环境下共同进化的跨学科创新方法:改善大学福利,一个案例研究
IF 2 2区 社会学 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2021-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.sheji.2021.10.004
Mieke van der Bijl-Brouwer , Giedre Kligyte , Tyler Key

Complex societal challenges cannot be resolved with quick fixes, nor can they be successfully addressed from disciplinary or institutional silos. In this article we propose an innovative approach to tackling contemporary societal challenges based on complexity theory and transdisciplinarity. The lens of complexity reveals that such challenges emerge within complex contexts. Complex challenges cannot simply be resolved, due to their dynamic, non-linear nature. Instead, the complex context itself can be steered in a certain desired direction through iterative action and learning cycles. Transdisciplinary approaches help us understand how different perspectives and ways of knowing held by relevant actors can be combined to serve effective action in complex contexts. We have integrated complexity theory and transdisciplinarity to create a co-evolutionary model of innovation illustrating that who we work with, how we work, and what we learn and create co-evolve over time. We show how an innovation approach based on building a vision and including a reflexive social learning method can provide a guiding structure to this co-evolutionary process. We illustrate this approach with a case study focused on improving the well-being of staff and students at a university. We conclude the paper with implications for design.

复杂的社会挑战不能通过权宜之计来解决,也不能从学科或制度的孤岛中成功解决。在本文中,我们提出了一种基于复杂性理论和跨学科的创新方法来应对当代社会挑战。从复杂性的角度来看,这些挑战出现在复杂的环境中。复杂的挑战不能简单地解决,因为它们是动态的、非线性的。相反,复杂的环境本身可以通过迭代的行动和学习周期被引导到某个期望的方向。跨学科方法帮助我们理解相关行为者持有的不同观点和认识方式如何结合起来,在复杂的背景下为有效的行动服务。我们将复杂性理论和跨学科结合起来,创建了一个共同进化的创新模型,说明我们与谁一起工作,我们如何工作,我们学习和创造的东西随着时间的推移而共同进化。我们展示了基于构建愿景和包括反身性社会学习方法的创新方法如何为这一共同进化过程提供指导结构。我们通过一个案例研究来说明这种方法,该案例研究的重点是改善大学教职员工和学生的福祉。我们总结了对设计的启示。
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引用次数: 7
Humility in Design May Be Hubris in Science: Reflections on the Problem of Slodderwetenschap (Sloppy Science) 设计中的谦逊可能是科学中的傲慢:对懒散科学问题的反思
IF 2 2区 社会学 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2021-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.sheji.2021.10.001
Michael Lissack , Brenden Meagher

Purpose, essence, and simplicity can provide a foundation for humility in the practice of human-centered design. While those qualities may assist in preparing narratives about the findings and applications of science, they also can be used to justify sloppy practices in the conduct of science itself. Slodderwetenschap (Dutch for “sloppy science”) is a form of carelessness characterized by the willingness to tolerate scientific shortcuts and the failure to question the assumptions that tolerance enables. Good science seldom comes from taking shortcuts or relying on “truthies”—assertions that feel true, regardless of their validity. Instead, good science demands that we continually ask what affords meaning to a given factoid, label, category, or narrative. Then, it requires that we base further inquiry on the assumptions, contexts, and constraints this inquiry reveals. This article opens a discussion into the dangers and practices of sloppy science.

目的、本质和简单可以为以人为本的设计实践提供谦逊的基础。虽然这些品质可能有助于准备关于科学发现和应用的叙述,但它们也可能被用来为科学行为本身的草率行为辩护。Slodderwetenschap(荷兰语为“草率的科学”)是一种粗心大意的形式,其特点是愿意容忍科学上的捷径,而不质疑宽容所带来的假设。好的科学很少来自于走捷径或依赖于“真理”——不管其有效性如何,感觉是正确的断言。相反,好的科学要求我们不断追问,是什么赋予了给定的事实、标签、类别或叙述以意义。然后,它要求我们基于进一步的调查的假设,背景和约束,这一调查揭示。这篇文章开始讨论马虎科学的危险和实践。
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引用次数: 3
Sustainable Product Design Education: Current Practice 可持续产品设计教育:当前实践
IF 2 2区 社会学 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2021-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.sheji.2021.11.003
Matthew Watkins , Jose L. Casamayor , Mariano Ramirez , Mariale Moreno , Jeremy Faludi , Daniela C.A. Pigosso

Current production and consumption patterns are unsustainable, causing irreversible damage to the environment and human health and well-being. Designers play a vital role in resolving this problem—their decisions affect product manufacturing, distribution, use, and disposal—and hence they must be aware of the positive and negative impacts of their design decisions. Sustainable product design education is key to developing the knowledge, skills, and responsibility required for future generations of product designers and their educators to make informed and responsible decisions within their practice, and also enhance the social and environmental performance of their creations and effectively communicate the value of such decisions within a commercial context. In this article, we present insights and challenges in contemporary sustainable product design education in higher education. We document the experiences of six academics involved in teaching and researching sustainable product design in the United Kingdom, Australia, Denmark, the Netherlands, and the United States. We hope to provide a useful reference for academics seeking to adopt sustainable product design practices in their existing programs, develop new sustainable product design education programs, or reflect on their own existing product design practice.

目前的生产和消费模式是不可持续的,对环境和人类健康和福祉造成不可逆转的损害。设计师在解决这个问题上扮演着至关重要的角色——他们的决定影响着产品的制造、分销、使用和处理——因此他们必须意识到他们的设计决策的积极和消极影响。可持续的产品设计教育是发展知识、技能和责任的关键,这些知识、技能和责任是未来几代产品设计师和他们的教育者在实践中做出明智和负责任的决策所必需的,同时也提高了他们的创作的社会和环境绩效,并在商业环境中有效地传达了这些决策的价值。在这篇文章中,我们提出了当代高等教育可持续产品设计教育的见解和挑战。我们记录了六位在英国、澳大利亚、丹麦、荷兰和美国从事可持续产品设计教学和研究的学者的经验。我们希望为寻求在现有课程中采用可持续产品设计实践,开发新的可持续产品设计教育课程或反思自己现有产品设计实践的学者提供有用的参考。
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引用次数: 10
The Evolution of “Co-evolution” (Part II): The Biological Analogy, Different Kinds of Co-evolution, and Proposals for Conceptual Expansion “共同进化”的进化(第二部分):生物类比、不同种类的共同进化以及概念扩展的建议
IF 2 2区 社会学 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2021-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.sheji.2021.07.004
Nathan Crilly

Descriptions of problem-solution “co-evolution” either explicitly or implicitly draw an analogy between processes of design and processes of biological evolution. Analogies of this kind are common in research because of their potential to assist in explanation and discovery. However, reviewing the design literature reveals that the discussion of design co-evolution has become disconnected from the biological analogy on which it is founded, and from which other disciplines draw. Here, I explore the function of the co-evolution analogy, provide an illustrative example from biology, and explore the varieties of co-evolution to which design might be compared. By doing so, I propose two possible directions for expanding the design co-evolution concept: (i) examining what co-evolves in addition to, or instead of, problems and solutions, and (ii) examining the different levels at which co-evolution occurs. Both of these proposals are illustrated with a variant of the design co-evolution diagram.

对解决问题的“共同进化”的描述或明或暗地将设计过程与生物进化过程进行了类比。这种类比在研究中很常见,因为它们有可能有助于解释和发现。然而,回顾设计文献发现,设计协同进化的讨论已经脱离了它所建立的生物类比,以及其他学科所借鉴的生物类比。在这里,我探讨了共同进化类比的功能,提供了一个来自生物学的说明性例子,并探讨了设计可以比较的共同进化的种类。通过这样做,我提出了扩展设计共同进化概念的两个可能的方向:(I)检查哪些共同进化除了问题和解决方案之外,或者不是问题和解决方案,以及(ii)检查共同进化发生的不同层次。这两种建议都用设计共同进化图的一个变体来说明。
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引用次数: 7
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She Ji-The Journal of Design Economics and Innovation
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