Pub Date : 2024-09-01DOI: 10.1016/j.sheji.2024.10.004
Karl Palmås, Stefan Molnar
This article interrogates how the practice of design is shaped by the devices designers use and the cultures in which they work. Specifically, it studies a case of urban design in Gothenburg, Sweden, and explores how cultures and devices are intertwined when architects and urban planners make judgments about quality and value. This approach is adopted from the interdisciplinary field of valuation studies. The article argues that this valuation studies-inspired approach holds the prospect of transcending the divide between culturalist and materialist approaches to studying design practices. As such, the argument extends previous work on valuation practices in design processes, showing how the intertwining of culture and matter plays out in a situated context of designing. Specifically, the article develops three propositions: The valuation studies-inspired approach complements previous accounts of how power is exercised and how compromises are negotiated in design processes that feature different stakeholders. Moreover, this approach may serve as a framework for comparative studies of different design cultures.
{"title":"The Tools of the Trade: Cultures, Devices, and Valuation Practices in Urban Design","authors":"Karl Palmås, Stefan Molnar","doi":"10.1016/j.sheji.2024.10.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sheji.2024.10.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This article interrogates how the practice of design is shaped by the devices designers use and the cultures in which they work. Specifically, it studies a case of urban design in Gothenburg, Sweden, and explores how cultures and devices are intertwined when architects and urban planners make judgments about quality and value. This approach is adopted from the interdisciplinary field of valuation studies. The article argues that this valuation studies-inspired approach holds the prospect of transcending the divide between culturalist and materialist approaches to studying design practices. As such, the argument extends previous work on valuation practices in design processes, showing how the intertwining of culture and matter plays out in a situated context of designing. Specifically, the article develops three propositions: The valuation studies-inspired approach complements previous accounts of how power is exercised and how compromises are negotiated in design processes that feature different stakeholders. Moreover, this approach may serve as a framework for comparative studies of different design cultures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37146,"journal":{"name":"She Ji-The Journal of Design Economics and Innovation","volume":"10 3","pages":"Pages 308-324"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142706642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-01DOI: 10.1016/j.sheji.2024.09.001
Birgitte van Haaren-van Duijn , Jaime Bonnin Roca , Phillip de Groot , A. Georges L. Romme , Mathieu Weggeman
The rise of blockchain technology implies a paradigm shift for many industries, especially those traditionally relying on third parties—such as banks, publishers, and art galleries—to establish trust in economic transactions. Moreover, it enables decentralized models of governance and thus challenges conventional governance approaches. This decentralized approach to governance may offer a more inclusive and participative structure but also demands substantial adaptability. This study, therefore, explored the governance dilemmas faced by enterprises adopting blockchain solutions and seeks to develop an evidence-based set of governance guidelines. Drawing on design science methodology, we studied a highly diverse set of (enterprise-driven) blockchain ecosystems using interviews, documentation, and participant observation. Based on a set of design propositions synthesized from the literature and data collected, we subsequently created and tested an extensive guideline for guiding the journey to decentralization. The resulting guideline, called GOBLET, is characterized by enterprise-centricity, stage-specific guidance, interdependencies between various blockchain layers, and pivotal behavioral drivers. Our study contributes to the literature on blockchain governance by presenting a guideline that helps practitioners create effective governance arrangements for blockchain ecosystems. The underlying design propositions can inform future theoretical work in this area.
{"title":"Creating and Testing a Guideline for Governing Blockchain Ecosystems: A Study Informed by Design Science","authors":"Birgitte van Haaren-van Duijn , Jaime Bonnin Roca , Phillip de Groot , A. Georges L. Romme , Mathieu Weggeman","doi":"10.1016/j.sheji.2024.09.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sheji.2024.09.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rise of blockchain technology implies a paradigm shift for many industries, especially those traditionally relying on third parties—such as banks, publishers, and art galleries—to establish trust in economic transactions. Moreover, it enables decentralized models of governance and thus challenges conventional governance approaches. This decentralized approach to governance may offer a more inclusive and participative structure but also demands substantial adaptability. This study, therefore, explored the governance dilemmas faced by enterprises adopting blockchain solutions and seeks to develop an evidence-based set of governance guidelines. Drawing on design science methodology, we studied a highly diverse set of (enterprise-driven) blockchain ecosystems using interviews, documentation, and participant observation. Based on a set of design propositions synthesized from the literature and data collected, we subsequently created and tested an extensive guideline for guiding the journey to decentralization. The resulting guideline, called GOBLET, is characterized by enterprise-centricity, stage-specific guidance, interdependencies between various blockchain layers, and pivotal behavioral drivers. Our study contributes to the literature on blockchain governance by presenting a guideline that helps practitioners create effective governance arrangements for blockchain ecosystems. The underlying design propositions can inform future theoretical work in this area.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37146,"journal":{"name":"She Ji-The Journal of Design Economics and Innovation","volume":"10 3","pages":"Pages 325-350"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142706643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-01DOI: 10.1016/j.sheji.2024.08.003
Liz Cooper
Designers are encouraged to incorporate values in their practice as a way of making outcomes more ethical. Values are conceptualized as inner mental preferences that inform decisions. Methodologies such as value sensitive design advise on how to collate stakeholders’ values, treating values as identifiable through asking people about them. This article offers a different way of looking at values, using discursive psychology to analyze what designers do in their responses when they are asked about values in interviews. The analysis shows that when participants are asked about the influence of values in their work, many seek to justify them by explaining where they came from. Difficulty is found when they attempt to describe how values influence their decisions. The findings suggest that asking people to identify their values may be problematic since responses may involve situated identity management rather than revealing underlying mental states.
{"title":"Reconceptualizing the Notion of Values in Design Talk","authors":"Liz Cooper","doi":"10.1016/j.sheji.2024.08.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sheji.2024.08.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Designers are encouraged to incorporate values in their practice as a way of making outcomes more ethical. Values are conceptualized as inner mental preferences that inform decisions. Methodologies such as value sensitive design advise on how to collate stakeholders’ values, treating values as identifiable through asking people about them. This article offers a different way of looking at values, using discursive psychology to analyze what designers do in their responses when they are asked about values in interviews. The analysis shows that when participants are asked about the influence of values in their work, many seek to justify them by explaining where they came from. Difficulty is found when they attempt to describe how values influence their decisions. The findings suggest that asking people to identify their values may be problematic since responses may involve situated identity management rather than revealing underlying mental states.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37146,"journal":{"name":"She Ji-The Journal of Design Economics and Innovation","volume":"10 3","pages":"Pages 265-285"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142706640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-01DOI: 10.1016/j.sheji.2024.08.004
Ali O. Ilhan
{"title":"A Review of The Quantified Scholar: How Research Evaluations Transformed the British Social Sciences","authors":"Ali O. Ilhan","doi":"10.1016/j.sheji.2024.08.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sheji.2024.08.004","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37146,"journal":{"name":"She Ji-The Journal of Design Economics and Innovation","volume":"10 3","pages":"Pages 380-383"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142706645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-01DOI: 10.1016/j.sheji.2024.10.003
Peter Hayward Jones , Alexander N. Christakis
Over 50 years have passed since The Limits to Growth was published in response to the Club of Rome’s challenge to address the “world problematique.” This landmark study introduced a computer simulation known as World3, which modeled global challenges using then-new system dynamics modeling technology. While The Limits to Growth and World3 have been updated and widely studied, the original concept of the world problematique has received less attention. This article argues that revisiting the evolution of the world problematique as a model of interconnected global issues offers valuable insights for policy and design, especially in addressing today’s polycrisis. It traces the historical development of the world problematique and the World3 model, highlighting a divergence in systems science, contrasting the technocratic, data-driven policy approach with alternatives that emphasize pluralistic social systems and stakeholder deliberation. This study explores the evolution of these approaches, contrasting global modeling with social systems design (employing qualitative modeling) for complex systems. While global models like World3 and its successors offer valuable insights into the dynamics of specific problem variables, we suggest that they often lack transparency, stakeholder contribution, or an understanding of regional and sociocultural contexts. We call for ethical orientation to responsible engagement, especially for stakeholders affected by crisis policy decisions resulting from simulation models and complex narratives like the problematique.
{"title":"Limits to Modeling: Design Lessons from the World Problematique","authors":"Peter Hayward Jones , Alexander N. Christakis","doi":"10.1016/j.sheji.2024.10.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sheji.2024.10.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Over 50 years have passed since <em>The Limits to Growth</em> was published in response to the Club of Rome’s challenge to address the “world problematique.” This landmark study introduced a computer simulation known as World3, which modeled global challenges using then-new system dynamics modeling technology. While <em>The Limits to Growth</em> and World3 have been updated and widely studied, the original concept of the world problematique has received less attention. This article argues that revisiting the evolution of the world problematique as a model of interconnected global issues offers valuable insights for policy and design, especially in addressing today’s polycrisis. It traces the historical development of the world problematique and the World3 model, highlighting a divergence in systems science, contrasting the technocratic, data-driven policy approach with alternatives that emphasize pluralistic social systems and stakeholder deliberation. This study explores the evolution of these approaches, contrasting global modeling with social systems design (employing qualitative modeling) for complex systems. While global models like World3 and its successors offer valuable insights into the dynamics of specific problem variables, we suggest that they often lack transparency, stakeholder contribution, or an understanding of regional and sociocultural contexts. We call for ethical orientation to responsible engagement, especially for stakeholders affected by crisis policy decisions resulting from simulation models and complex narratives like the problematique.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37146,"journal":{"name":"She Ji-The Journal of Design Economics and Innovation","volume":"10 3","pages":"Pages 351-379"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142706644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-01DOI: 10.1016/j.sheji.2024.10.002
Jotte de Koning, Mieke van der Bijl-Brouwer
Designers are increasingly involved in creative multi-stakeholder collaborations for social innovation, developing interventions to address complex societal challenges. Traditional impact measurement of social innovation often focuses on the measurable impact or value of the intervention on societal indicators. However, the complexity of creative multi-stakeholder collaborations requires a broader perspective on what is considered valuable beyond measurable societal impact. We studied the subjectively anticipated and experienced value of ten creative multi-stakeholder social innovation projects, as well as the value conflicts they generated. The most commonly reported value dimensions were innovation value, commercial value, network value, identity value, and learning value. Value conflicts arose from differences in how the innovation process was valued versus how the innovation outcome was valued. From a complexity perspective on social innovation, we argue that value assessments of creative multi-stakeholder collaborations should include additional value dimensions that support continuous social innovation. We discuss how network value and learning value are essential for continuous social innovation, and how these forms of value are captured both individually and collectively. The collective nature of value capture strengthens the argument that social innovation requires long-term commitment from design practitioners, extending beyond single design projects.
{"title":"Value Dimensions in Creative Collaborations for Social Innovation","authors":"Jotte de Koning, Mieke van der Bijl-Brouwer","doi":"10.1016/j.sheji.2024.10.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sheji.2024.10.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Designers are increasingly involved in creative multi-stakeholder collaborations for social innovation, developing interventions to address complex societal challenges. Traditional impact measurement of social innovation often focuses on the measurable impact or value of the intervention on societal indicators. However, the complexity of creative multi-stakeholder collaborations requires a broader perspective on what is considered valuable beyond measurable societal impact. We studied the subjectively anticipated and experienced value of ten creative multi-stakeholder social innovation projects, as well as the value conflicts they generated. The most commonly reported value dimensions were innovation value, commercial value, network value, identity value, and learning value. Value conflicts arose from differences in how the innovation process was valued versus how the innovation outcome was valued. From a complexity perspective on social innovation, we argue that value assessments of creative multi-stakeholder collaborations should include additional value dimensions that support continuous social innovation. We discuss how network value and learning value are essential for continuous social innovation, and how these forms of value are captured both individually and collectively. The collective nature of value capture strengthens the argument that social innovation requires long-term commitment from design practitioners, extending beyond single design projects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37146,"journal":{"name":"She Ji-The Journal of Design Economics and Innovation","volume":"10 3","pages":"Pages 286-307"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142706641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-01DOI: 10.1016/j.sheji.2024.07.001
Hugo Letiche , Lucas Boucaud
This article examines sustainability accounting (SA) in a French international construction company, viewing it through the frame of being a wicked problem. Sustainability accounting literature often assumes that reporting is a matter of institutional will. It presumes that the necessary key performance indicators (KPIs) already exist, and environmental impact can be measured with confidence. Accuracy, balance, clarity, comparability, reliability, stakeholder inclusiveness, and timeliness are all assumed to be realizable. However, the ethnographic research presented here reveals a very different picture. None of the key criteria were met. The necessary measurement tools were fallible, key definitions were controversial, and making a convincing instrumental or technical choice between relative and absolute accountability was impossible. The failures of sustainability accounting are not attributed to corporate unwillingness or greenwashing. Instead, they are a result of an inability to recognize measurement as a wicked problem. While the wicked problem as a concept is well explained in the literature, ethnographic applications are rare. Therefore, this study makes an additional contribution by demonstrating how the wicked problem concept can be used to frame real-life issues. In conclusion, we ask the question: Has the sustainability accounting literature misrepresented the challenges, ignored the pragmatics of having to deal with wicked problems, and thus failed to be sufficiently accountable itself?
{"title":"Sustainability Accounting as a Wicked Problem","authors":"Hugo Letiche , Lucas Boucaud","doi":"10.1016/j.sheji.2024.07.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sheji.2024.07.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This article examines sustainability accounting (SA) in a French international construction company, viewing it through the frame of being a wicked problem. Sustainability accounting literature often assumes that reporting is a matter of institutional will. It presumes that the necessary key performance indicators (KPIs) already exist, and environmental impact can be measured with confidence. Accuracy, balance, clarity, comparability, reliability, stakeholder inclusiveness, and timeliness are all assumed to be realizable. However, the ethnographic research presented here reveals a very different picture. None of the key criteria were met. The necessary measurement tools were fallible, key definitions were controversial, and making a convincing instrumental or technical choice between relative and absolute accountability was impossible. The failures of sustainability accounting are not attributed to corporate unwillingness or greenwashing. Instead, they are a result of an inability to recognize measurement as a wicked problem. While the wicked problem as a concept is well explained in the literature, ethnographic applications are rare. Therefore, this study makes an additional contribution by demonstrating how the wicked problem concept can be used to frame real-life issues. In conclusion, we ask the question: Has the sustainability accounting literature misrepresented the challenges, ignored the pragmatics of having to deal with wicked problems, and thus failed to be sufficiently accountable itself?</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37146,"journal":{"name":"She Ji-The Journal of Design Economics and Innovation","volume":"10 2","pages":"Pages 223-241"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405872624000431/pdfft?md5=aaa9ef08de9ccad35dc2f63e4487cf6e&pid=1-s2.0-S2405872624000431-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142241906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-01DOI: 10.1016/j.sheji.2024.07.003
Aleksandar Kostić
The article elucidates a type of problem Rittel and Webber did not acknowledge. The underlying assumption about tame and wicked problems is that they are mutually exclusive (any problem can be either wicked or tame but cannot be both or partially wicked and partially tame). Another assumption is that this distinction is comprehensively exhaustive (there can be no other types of problems). My analysis reveals that precisely the opposite stands. By situating a different problem within their distinction, I demonstrate that some problems have properties of both tame and wicked problems and that some problems are neither wicked nor tame but aporetic. Aporia is a perplexing state of mind and an intractable problem consisting of equally plausible but mutually exclusive propositions. It depicts a situation when we discover equally good reasons to think two or more contradictory things. That overcommits us to conflicting theses and prevents us from accepting them jointly. Aporia is either a triggering or a stopping device in an inquiry, or both. The significance of including aporetic problems in the nomenclature of design problems has far-reaching consequences for understanding the nature of design problems and knowledge and design practice.
{"title":"Tame, Wicked, and Aporetic Problems in Design","authors":"Aleksandar Kostić","doi":"10.1016/j.sheji.2024.07.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sheji.2024.07.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The article elucidates a type of problem Rittel and Webber did not acknowledge. The underlying assumption about tame and wicked problems is that they are mutually exclusive (any problem can be either wicked or tame but cannot be both or partially wicked and partially tame). Another assumption is that this distinction is comprehensively exhaustive (there can be no other types of problems). My analysis reveals that precisely the opposite stands. By situating a different problem within their distinction, I demonstrate that some problems have properties of both tame and wicked problems and that some problems are neither wicked nor tame but aporetic. Aporia is a perplexing state of mind and an intractable problem consisting of equally plausible but mutually exclusive propositions. It depicts a situation when we discover equally good reasons to think two or more contradictory things. That overcommits us to conflicting theses and prevents us from accepting them jointly. Aporia is either a triggering or a stopping device in an inquiry, or both. The significance of including aporetic problems in the nomenclature of design problems has far-reaching consequences for understanding the nature of design problems and knowledge and design practice.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37146,"journal":{"name":"She Ji-The Journal of Design Economics and Innovation","volume":"10 2","pages":"Pages 242-260"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405872624000455/pdfft?md5=a5fac193d7499bbc8f5ce45038fbe954&pid=1-s2.0-S2405872624000455-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142241907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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