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Acknowledgment to Referees 2022 感谢裁判员2022
IF 2 2区 社会学 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/S2405-8726(23)00012-6
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引用次数: 0
Contributors 贡献者
IF 2 2区 社会学 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/S2405-8726(23)00008-4
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引用次数: 0
Interaction, Integration, Interconnectivity, and Iteration: A New Model for Designing Infrastructure Change 交互、集成、互联和迭代:设计基础设施变更的新模型
IF 2 2区 社会学 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.sheji.2022.11.003
André Nogueira

The ongoing Covid-19 pandemic has highlighted the obsolescence of the infrastructures we rely on in our everyday lives. Since the Industrial Revolution, design and public health have taken parallel journeys towards creating everyday infrastructures that condition how people access and use different types of resources to improve their well-being. Design has predominantly helped organizations utilize resources to create systems of offerings that influence people’s activities. Public health, on the other hand, has focused on influencing the allocation of resources for the common good by applying scientific and technical expertise. In this article, I introduce the Four-I model—interaction, integration, interconnectivity, and iteration—as a new resource-based view model that brings together knowledge from diverse fields, including design and public health. This model presents four attributes concerning resource flows: interactions among diverse agents, integration of multiple systems, interconnectivity between organizational levels, and iteration over time. Each attribute entails a guiding question and a related framework useful for designing everyday infrastructures. After illustrating its application in bike-sharing systems, I conclude by showing how using the model expands design knowledge and supports organizations in promoting well-being.

持续的Covid-19大流行凸显了我们日常生活中所依赖的基础设施的过时。自工业革命以来,设计和公共卫生在创建日常基础设施方面平行发展,这些基础设施决定了人们如何获取和使用不同类型的资源,以改善他们的福祉。设计主要帮助组织利用资源来创建影响人们活动的产品系统。另一方面,公共卫生的重点是通过应用科学和技术专门知识,影响为共同利益分配资源。在本文中,我介绍了四I模型——交互、集成、互联和迭代——作为一种新的基于资源的视图模型,它汇集了来自不同领域的知识,包括设计和公共卫生。该模型呈现了关于资源流的四个属性:不同代理之间的交互、多个系统的集成、组织级别之间的互连以及随时间的迭代。每个属性都包含一个指导性问题和一个对设计日常基础设施有用的相关框架。在说明了它在自行车共享系统中的应用之后,我最后展示了如何使用该模型扩展设计知识并支持组织促进福祉。
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引用次数: 1
Decolonizing Public Healthcare Systems: Designing with Indigenous Peoples 非殖民化公共医疗系统:与土著人民一起设计
IF 2 2区 社会学 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.sheji.2022.10.004
Manuhuia Barcham

Indigenous peoples around the world are being failed by current public health systems. This is directly linked to the ongoing issue of colonialism. We need to decolonize health systems if we want to improve healthcare provision for indigenous peoples. In this article, I explore how the confluence of increasingly expansive thinking in the fields of health and design may be used to provide a space for the process of decolonization to occur. I use postcolonial theory to make visible ways in which Indigenous peoples have been ignored in current approaches to healthcare provision. In this article I use two case studies of work undertaken with Indigenous communities. I present some initial evidence from these sites to demonstrate how we engaged a design process that served to decolonize the relevant health systems. Using the spaces created in these processes has helped change systems of healthcare, in these two regions, to become more responsive to the actual needs and lifeworlds of these two Indigenous groups as they see themselves rather than as they may be seen by others. This is a process of decolonization. In this article, I have put forward some general ideas and frames of reference about decolonizing our healthcare systems through design that may be able to be expanded on and utilized by others working with Indigenous peoples or other groups impacted by the colonial process.

目前的公共卫生系统辜负了世界各地土著人民的期望。这与当前的殖民主义问题直接相关。如果我们想改善土著人民的医疗保健服务,我们就需要使卫生系统非殖民化。在这篇文章中,我探讨了如何将健康和设计领域日益广泛的思想融合起来,为非殖民化进程的发生提供空间。我使用后殖民理论,使土著人民在目前的医疗保健提供方法中被忽视的可见方式。在本文中,我使用了与土著社区开展工作的两个案例研究。我将介绍来自这些地点的一些初步证据,以说明我们如何参与设计过程,从而有助于相关卫生系统的非殖民化。利用在这些过程中创造的空间帮助改变了这两个地区的医疗保健系统,以更好地响应这两个土著群体的实际需求和生活世界,因为他们看到了自己,而不是其他人看到了他们。这是一个非殖民化进程。在这篇文章中,我提出了一些关于通过设计使我们的医疗保健系统去殖民化的一般想法和参考框架,这些想法和框架可以被其他与土著人民或受殖民进程影响的其他群体一起工作的人扩展和利用。
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引用次数: 3
Scale, Scope, Speed: Reflections on a Multi-site Covid-19 Study 规模、范围、速度:对多站点Covid-19研究的思考
IF 2 2区 社会学 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.sheji.2022.09.001
Kim Erwin , Santosh Basapur , Lara Chehab , Aalap Doshi , Linde Huang , Serena Liang Jing , Christopher Rice , Xinrui Xu , Sean Molloy

Designers have a unique role to play in public health, but their involvement requires an examination their practices and methods for their fit with this new context. This article reflects on the experiences of a multi-site design team collaborating across the US and Canada to explore early-stage Covid-19 patient recovery experiences. A unique feature of this project is that it was conceived of, led by, and executed by designers situated in health systems and health research units working in diverse geographies to jointly investigate a public health phenomenon at a broad scale. We discuss three challenges to design practice encountered in this context—scale, scope, and speed. Lastly, we draw from the design teams’ cross-sector expertise to pose key questions for design as it migrates to the public health sector.

设计师在公共卫生中扮演着独特的角色,但他们的参与需要检查他们的实践和方法,以适应这种新的环境。这篇文章反映了一个多站点设计团队在美国和加拿大合作探索早期Covid-19患者康复经验的经验。该项目的一个独特之处在于,它是由位于不同地区的卫生系统和卫生研究单位的设计师构思、领导和执行的,目的是在广泛的范围内共同调查公共卫生现象。我们讨论了在这种情况下设计实践遇到的三个挑战——规模、范围和速度。最后,我们借鉴设计团队的跨部门专业知识,为设计迁移到公共卫生部门提出关键问题。
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引用次数: 1
A Role for Design in Global Health: Making the Concept of Vulnerability Actionable 设计在全球健康中的作用:使脆弱性概念具有可操作性
IF 2 2区 社会学 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.sheji.2022.12.001
Tracy Pilar Johnson , Melanie Wendland

The social determinants of health approach focuses on factors—apart from biomedical care—that have linked poor health outcomes to questions of socio-economic inequality and social injustice. Social determinants of health are complex and can be difficult to measure; thus, more work needs to be done to support the actionable application of the social determinants of health into global health programming. One possible application is the Pathways vulnerability approach. The Pathways approach consists of a vulnerability framework, population-representative household segmentation solutions, and a set of qualitative stories and insights that bring the framework and the segmentation to life. The goal of this approach is to enable health system actors to stratify their users according to the social, environmental, and cultural vulnerabilities associated with poor health outcomes across a range of reproductive, maternal, newborn child health, nutrition, and women’s health and well-being outcomes. In this viewpoint article, we reflect on the role that we played using design methods to bring a more woman-centered approach to understanding how women are made vulnerable by the social and cultural systems in which they are embedded and the differentiated effect this has on specific health outcomes.

健康的社会决定因素方法侧重于将不良健康结果与社会经济不平等和社会不公正问题联系起来的因素(生物医学护理除外)。健康的社会决定因素很复杂,可能难以衡量;因此,需要做更多的工作,以支持将健康问题的社会决定因素切实可行地应用于全球健康规划。一个可能的应用是路径漏洞方法。“路径”方法包括脆弱性框架、具有人口代表性的家庭细分解决方案,以及一套定性的故事和见解,这些故事和见解使框架和细分栩栩如生。该方法的目标是使卫生系统行为体能够根据与生殖、孕产妇、新生儿健康、营养以及妇女健康和福祉等一系列不良健康结果相关的社会、环境和文化脆弱性对其用户进行分层。在这篇观点文章中,我们反思了我们使用设计方法所发挥的作用,以一种更加以女性为中心的方法来理解女性是如何因其所处的社会和文化系统而变得脆弱的,以及这对具体健康结果的差异化影响。
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引用次数: 1
Choice Posture, Architecture, and Infrastructure: Systemic Behavioral Design for Public Health Policy 选择姿态、架构和基础设施:公共卫生政策的系统行为设计
IF 2 2区 社会学 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.sheji.2022.08.002
Ruth Schmidt, Zeya Chen, Veronica Paz Soldan

The demands of many public health contexts and challenges call for conditions that foster effective decision making. Policy designers must make appropriate choices appear viable, accessible, and beneficial. They can do this by harnessing transdisciplinary knowledge about behavioral tendencies, simultaneously integrating insights into end users and non-human agents, and employing design methods for system-level solutions. We propose a “choice triad” model to help practitioners frame transdisciplinary approaches to complex public health challenges and design effective conditions for choice. It has three lenses: choice posture, to reveal human and non-human agents’ predispositions and inclinations; choice architecture, to improve immediate choice environments and encourage preferred actions; and choice infrastructure, to reveal the underlying system structures, processes, and policies that shape how potential public health solutions are accessed and supported. This approach promises to augment traditional design tools and expand current conceptions of available “economies of choice” when crafting behavioral public policy solutions. In combination, these lenses can provide a new conceptual syntax and working model to diagnose and develop solutions within complex public health settings. We introduce two examples to illustrate this model: the water crisis in Flint, Michigan, and Covid-19 vaccination efforts in the United States.

许多公共卫生环境和挑战的要求要求创造有利于有效决策的条件。策略设计者必须使适当的选择看起来可行、可访问和有益。他们可以通过利用关于行为倾向的跨学科知识,同时集成对最终用户和非人类代理的见解,以及采用系统级解决方案的设计方法来做到这一点。我们提出了一个“选择三位一体”模型,以帮助从业者构建跨学科方法来应对复杂的公共卫生挑战,并设计有效的选择条件。它有三个镜头:选择姿态,揭示人类和非人类主体的倾向和倾向;选择架构,改善即时选择环境并鼓励首选行为;选择基础设施,揭示影响如何获取和支持潜在公共卫生解决方案的基本系统结构、流程和政策。这种方法有望增强传统的设计工具,并在制定行为公共政策解决方案时扩展当前可用的“选择经济”概念。综合起来,这些视角可以提供一种新的概念语法和工作模型,以便在复杂的公共卫生环境中进行诊断和制定解决方案。我们介绍了两个例子来说明这一模型:密歇根州弗林特的水危机和美国的Covid-19疫苗接种工作。
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引用次数: 2
Network Analysis of Complex Stakeholder Needs for Service Ecosystem Sustainability: A Case Study of South Korean ESCO Industry 服务生态系统可持续性复杂利益相关者需求的网络分析——以韩国ESCO行业为例
IF 2 2区 社会学 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.sheji.2022.07.001
Joon Sang Baek , Tracy Bhamra

Despite the increasing complexity of problems and growing demand for stakeholder collaboration in the design for sustainability, there is a lack of methodology for understanding complex stakeholder needs and their relationships. This study proposes the need network analysis as a process for investigating need structures. Need network analysis is based on need mapping together with network analysis. We demonstrate its effectiveness in an empirical study that diagnoses the energy service companies (ESCO) in South Korea. Based on the surveys and interviews with stakeholders, we identified their pain points and the problems that have impeded growth in the industry. We report the findings and discuss their implications for sustainable service ecosystem design that involves highly complex sociotechnical problems and policy innovations for the Korean energy service company industry.

尽管问题越来越复杂,可持续设计中利益相关者合作的需求也越来越大,但缺乏理解复杂利益相关者需求及其关系的方法。本研究提出需求网络分析作为研究需求结构的过程。需求网络分析是在需求映射和网络分析的基础上进行的。我们通过对韩国能源服务公司(ESCO)的实证研究证明了其有效性。根据对利益相关者的调查和访谈,我们确定了他们的痛点和阻碍行业发展的问题。我们报告了这些发现,并讨论了它们对可持续服务生态系统设计的影响,这涉及到韩国能源服务公司行业高度复杂的社会技术问题和政策创新。
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引用次数: 1
What Is Strategic Design? Cultivating Cognitive Agility for the Craft of Generalship 什么是战略设计?培养将军技能的认知敏捷性
IF 2 2区 社会学 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.sheji.2022.10.002
Ofra Graicer , Philippe Dufort , Oliver Jones

This article presents the philosophy of strategic design as a reflexive practice for generalship in defense and security organizations. We present strategic design as a distinctive aspect of generalship which enables defense practitioners working at the strategic level to address the kind of complex security challenges facing military leaders and decision makers in the 21st century. Our approach in this article combines unique first-hand insights from the co-instructor of the Israeli Defense Forces Generals’ Course, cross-cultural expertise on socialization of knowledge in defense and security settings, and elements of narrative and critical theory relevant to military design practice. We advocate cognitive agility as a critical mindset for defense leaders who need to generate transformative potential in an era of wars with no end. To illustrate a model of cognitive agility for generalship, we unpack some of the more esoteric aspects of the “Z model” of strategic design inquiries. The key to the Z model are the concepts of self-disruption, the strategic effectiveness of storytelling, and the principle of leveraging real-world operations as the expression of epistemology in action.

这篇文章提出了战略设计的哲学,作为国防和安全组织中一般性的反思性实践。我们将战略设计作为将军的一个独特方面,使国防从业者能够在战略层面上工作,以解决21世纪军事领导人和决策者面临的复杂安全挑战。我们在本文中的方法结合了以色列国防军将军课程的联合讲师的独特第一手见解,国防和安全设置中知识社会化的跨文化专业知识,以及与军事设计实践相关的叙事和批判理论元素。我们提倡将认知敏捷性作为国防领导人的一种关键心态,因为他们需要在无休止的战争时代产生变革潜力。为了说明一般性的认知敏捷性模型,我们将解开战略设计调查的“Z模型”的一些更深奥的方面。Z模型的关键是自我破坏的概念,讲故事的战略有效性,以及利用现实世界的操作作为行动认识论的表达的原则。
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引用次数: 0
DARN (Part 2): An Evidence-Based Research and Prototyping Method for Strategic Design 战略设计的实证研究和原型方法(第二部分
IF 2 2区 社会学 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.sheji.2022.11.002
Koray Caliskan , Matt Wade

Published in two parts, this article presents an evidence-based research and prototyping method for strategic design. In Part 1, we introduce the concept of DARN as an updated version of Actor-Network Theory (ANT). DARN is a theoretical framework used to study, rearrange, or remake the constituents of an organization or problem universe. In Part 2, we propose that DARN can be used to for several purposes. (1) It can help organizations reach their stated objectives. (2) It can define, darn, or solve organizational problems with evidence-based and collaborative design interventions. (3) It allows us to imagine new organizational models with complex and distributed agency considerations. (4) It can improve and measure the impact of design interventions within organizational strategy. The DARN approach is critical of social engineering and design solutionism. This approach proposes using collaborative strategic design in sector-agnostic organizational contexts to support designers in problematization, research, conceptualization, prototyping, testing, and impact measurement. Further, DARN presents a single frame that designers and scientists can use simultaneously without imposing an a priori language on each other. It can also serve other actors with whom they work and study. The article concludes with a practical discussion of how to apply DARN on the ground while considering its limits.

本文分为两部分,介绍了战略设计的循证研究和原型方法。在第1部分中,我们介绍了Actor-Network Theory (ANT)的更新版本——Actor-Network Theory的概念。是一个理论框架,用于研究、重新安排或重塑组织或问题域的组成部分。在第2部分中,我们提出可以将dart用于多种目的。(1)它可以帮助组织实现其既定目标。(2)它可以通过基于证据和协作的设计干预来定义、修复或解决组织问题。(3)它允许我们想象具有复杂和分布式代理考虑的新组织模型。(4)它可以改善和衡量设计干预在组织战略中的影响。对于社会工程和设计解决方案主义,可恶的方法是至关重要的。该方法建议在部门不可知的组织环境中使用协作战略设计,以支持设计师进行问题化、研究、概念化、原型设计、测试和影响测量。此外,damn提供了一个设计师和科学家可以同时使用的单一框架,而不会将先验的语言强加给彼此。它还可以为与他们一起工作和学习的其他演员服务。文章最后对如何在考虑其局限性的情况下在地面上应用adaptive进行了实际讨论。
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引用次数: 2
期刊
She Ji-The Journal of Design Economics and Innovation
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