She Ji-The Journal of Design Economics and Innovation最新文献

Part 2 of this article introduces the Experience Design Introspection (XDI) workshop. This educational initiative aims to nurture designers’ emotional connoisseurship through a sensibility-oriented approach. We begin by discussing the philosophical underpinnings of XDI, which include non-dualism, pluralism, and long-termism. We then outline three operational principles that guided the development of the XDI and the techniques used to achieve them. To illustrate the practical application of the XDI workshop, we provide a comprehensive walkthrough of a two-and-a-half-hour trial version, which also served as a platform for reflection and iterative improvement. In the final sections, we present participants’ feedback and envision the evolution of the XDI from a time-bound workshop to a community-based learning model. This model aims to foster long-term engagement, personalized cultivation, authentic social learning, and a culture of introspection and sharing that extends beyond the lecture room and studio.

The existing conceptual model for medical technology innovation management is a poor fit for low- and middle-income countries as it overlooks their unique challenges and constraints. The purpose of this article is to investigate key governing factors and underlying challenges and barriers of medical technology innovation in low- and middle-income countries and how they impact firm-level activities of innovation management. A two-fold qualitative research methodology was adopted for data collection, comprised of a literature review and multiple case study analyses via semi-structured interviews. A thematic coding approach and multiple theoretical perspectives were used for data analysis and drawing conclusions. The study identified 23 challenges and barriers to medical technology innovation, then categorized these under six factors: healthcare context and system, organizational capabilities, innovation ecosystem, demographic burdens and characteristics, market forces, and science and technology. It was found that compared to high-income countries, in low- and middle-income countries, issues associated with country-specific healthcare context and system, innovation ecosystem, and demographic burdens and characteristics influence innovation management activities and make medical technology innovation more challenging. The study contributes to the technology innovation model research by demystifying new factors and proposing a comprehensive conceptual model for understanding the roadmap of medical technology innovation and the influence of various factors on innovation management activities.

Fourth order design, which involves systems and environments, is a frequently misunderstood area of design. The concept of institution offers a way to clarify and enrich fourth order design in both theory and practice. Building on the idea that institutions are active sites of organizational change, this article argues that institutions are objects of design. Specifically, it is an inquiry into the role of institutions and how they provide a sense of durable form and unity, which is sorely missing in our contemporary lives. Using the different modes of thought first pioneered by the philosopher Richard McKeon and imaginatively applied in design by Richard Buchanan, this article introduces a pluralistic framework of institutions to better understand—and, more importantly, shape and reshape—organizations. Furthermore, it emphasizes the need for designers to embrace the humility that often accompanies a deep appreciation of institutions as unconventional creations of human making. As complex products that also can take on a life of their own, institutions challenge our inherited understanding of the design process and the role of designers. As formative systems, institutions are re-formable objects that have the power to form designers and design practices anew.

Shared leadership has gained momentum in fields ranging from education and healthcare to information technology and sports. Given its collaborative or participatory nature, design practice should be a fertile ground for the emergence of shared leadership. Yet, previous literature on design management and leadership has primarily conceptualized leadership as an individual characteristic. To extend the existing literature, this article presents an autoethnographic exploration of shared leadership from a sociomaterial perspective. It focuses on a design project dealing with remote healthcare solutions and contributes to existing literature on shared leadership and sociomateriality. I clarify how values, individuals, and objects interact over time to evolve, stabilize, and destabilize shared leadership. This finding calls for a more granular understanding of objects. This suggests that objects influence shared leadership not just through their form and development but also by imbuing and reinforcing certain values. The findings also highlight the need to regard design leadership as sociomaterial configurations rather than solely as an individual characteristic. The article concludes by proposing further research avenues and discussing implications for design practice.

In 2023, earthquakes struck Turkey, Syria, and Morocco, while torrential rain and floods hit Libya. When faced with images and eyewitness accounts of disasters, conscientious designers ask: how can design help in natural disaster readiness and response? Design and disaster management are rarely overlapping disciplines, resulting in little critical analysis on the role of design and designers in the context of disasters. This paper offers an overview of design for disaster. It acts as a guide and call for action, informing policymakers, managers, and other stakeholders on the contribution design can make to this challenging area. A case study approach is taken for exemplification and argumentation. Turkey serves as a poignant geographical example: rich in design capability, yet facing high risks from natural disasters. Middle East Technical University (METU) in Ankara forms the institutional case, notable as one of Turkey’s most research-intensive universities—and one that also possesses design for disaster experience. The major contribution of the paper is a preliminary framework on design for disaster readiness and response, directed at practical efforts and policymaking in what is an emerging inter- and trans-disciplinary field. Designers, design thinking, and design innovation can all take a role.

This two-part article explores the concept of emotional connoisseurship—the art of appreciating lived emotional experiences in emotion-driven design (EDD). In Part 1, we aim to establish and position the concept within the current EDD theoretical landscape. We first review the concept of connoisseurship, its origins, development, and relevance to professional practices. Second, building upon the existing design literature, we scrutinize the relationships between design connoisseurship and design expertise. We then conceptualize emotional connoisseurship as an essential skill that designers aspiring to practice EDD must actively cultivate, along with learning EDD theories, methods, and tools. After that, we reflect on how previous EDD research outcomes (i.e., emotional granularity design tools) can support the development of a designer’s emotional connoisseurship, especially in a schema-oriented or top-down manner, and argue the need for a sensibility-oriented or bottom-up approach. Part 1 sets the stage for Part 2. Part 2 will detail our pedagogical initiative supporting the self-cultivation of emotional connoisseurship among novice designers through a sensibility-oriented approach.

Public sector organizations increasingly use artificial intelligence to augment, support, and automate decision-making. However, such public AI can potentially infringe on citizens’ right to autonomy. Contestability is a system quality that protects against this by ensuring systems are open and responsive to disputes throughout their life cycle. While a growing body of work is investigating contestable AI by design, little of this knowledge has so far been evaluated with practitioners. To make explicit the guiding ideas underpinning contestable AI research, we construct the generative metaphor of the Agonistic Arena, inspired by the political theory of agonistic pluralism. Combining this metaphor and current contestable AI guidelines, we develop an infographic supporting the early-stage concept design of public AI system contestability mechanisms. We evaluate this infographic in five workshops paired with focus groups with a total of 18 practitioners, yielding ten concept designs. Our findings outline the mechanisms for contestability derived from these concept designs. Building on these findings, we subsequently evaluate the efficacy of the Agonistic Arena as a generative metaphor for the design of public AI and identify two competing metaphors at play in this space: the Black Box and the Sovereign.

The distinction between wicked and tame problems has been a major influence on design and numerous other fields since it was developed in the late 1960s and early 1970s by design theorist Horst Rittel and urban designer Melvin Webber. The characteristics of wicked problems continue to resonate today, helping make sense of the complexities of contemporary challenges. Wicked and tame refer to types (rather than degrees) of difficulty, but what defines these types is not simply the domains in which problems occur, as in the dichotomy between scientific and social contexts originally put forward by Rittel and Webber. To clarify the distinction between wicked and tame, I ground it in the cybernetic concepts of variety and constraint, building on Rittel’s references to the cybernetician Ross Ashby. Understood in this way, wicked and tame do not refer to problems, or to the situations in which problems arise. Rather, wickedness and tameness are dynamics of possibilities (variety) in how multiple aspects of problems are perceived and responded to across the relationships in which designing (in its broadest senses) is embedded.