Suffusion depressions are closed relief depressions on the flat surfaces of watersheds and terraces. They are formed during water erosion (suffusion) of loesses and loess-like loams. Therefore, the distribution of the depressions is associated with that of the soil-forming rocks - along the south of the taiga zone and further south in the subtaiga, forest-steppe, and steppe. The depressions are islands of preserved natural vegetation, since flat surfaces were plowed over a large area. Previous studies have shown an increase in moisture from the edge to the center of the depressions, and a rather high trophicity of habitats due to the richness in nutrients of loesslike loams. Birch and aspen forests along the edges of the depressions are actively studied. Wet plant communities in the inner parts of the depressions are less studied -mainly in the center of the subtaiga and to the south. The purpose of our work is to study vegetation of the depressions in the northern part of the subtaiga of Western Siberia. The study area is the southeastern part of the West Siberian Plain (55°30'-56°55N, 83°27'-84°45'E) (See Fig. 1). The diameter of the depressions is 20-100 m, the depth usually does not exceed 1.5 m. In spring, the depressions are usually flooded with snow-melt waters until the end of May (sometimes mid-June). The releves of plant communities were made with reference to the relief elements (slope and center). A total of 120 releves were used to describe the vegetation of the depressions, including a list of the species which each layer of the community comprises, and their abundance (projective cover, %). An ecological-floristic classification was carried out using the Braun-Blanquet method. Environmental factors (soil moisture, soil trophicity, soil nitrogen concentration, and soil acidity) were assessed by the phytoindication method using the indicator values of plants developed by Tsyganov. The data were processed and calculated in Excel. We identified five types of depressions with different series of plant communities depending on their shape and drainage properties of soils (See Fig. 3). Based on these five types, a generalized hydrological series of plant communities in the depressions was identified. However, with account to the richness and availability of nutrients in soils, two variants of the hydrological series were considered. Under poorer (meso-trophic) and weakly acidic conditions, the communities of the class Brachypodio-Betuletea on the edge (in the upper part of the slope) of the depressions are further replaced by the swampy communities of the class Alnetea glutinosae on the slope and also in the center (See Fig. 3, a, c, e). In richer (mesoeutrophic) and near-neutral conditions on the slopes of the depressions, the communities of the class Brachypodio- Betuletea on the edge are replaced by the communities of the class Alno-Populetea on the slope and further by the communities of the class Alnetea glutinosae in the center of t
{"title":"Vegetation of Suffusion Depressions in the Northern Part of the Subtaiga of Western Siberia","authors":"N. Klimova, N. Chernova, A. Dyukarev","doi":"10.17223/19988591/59/4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17223/19988591/59/4","url":null,"abstract":"Suffusion depressions are closed relief depressions on the flat surfaces of watersheds and terraces. They are formed during water erosion (suffusion) of loesses and loess-like loams. Therefore, the distribution of the depressions is associated with that of the soil-forming rocks - along the south of the taiga zone and further south in the subtaiga, forest-steppe, and steppe. The depressions are islands of preserved natural vegetation, since flat surfaces were plowed over a large area. Previous studies have shown an increase in moisture from the edge to the center of the depressions, and a rather high trophicity of habitats due to the richness in nutrients of loesslike loams. Birch and aspen forests along the edges of the depressions are actively studied. Wet plant communities in the inner parts of the depressions are less studied -mainly in the center of the subtaiga and to the south. The purpose of our work is to study vegetation of the depressions in the northern part of the subtaiga of Western Siberia. The study area is the southeastern part of the West Siberian Plain (55°30'-56°55N, 83°27'-84°45'E) (See Fig. 1). The diameter of the depressions is 20-100 m, the depth usually does not exceed 1.5 m. In spring, the depressions are usually flooded with snow-melt waters until the end of May (sometimes mid-June). The releves of plant communities were made with reference to the relief elements (slope and center). A total of 120 releves were used to describe the vegetation of the depressions, including a list of the species which each layer of the community comprises, and their abundance (projective cover, %). An ecological-floristic classification was carried out using the Braun-Blanquet method. Environmental factors (soil moisture, soil trophicity, soil nitrogen concentration, and soil acidity) were assessed by the phytoindication method using the indicator values of plants developed by Tsyganov. The data were processed and calculated in Excel. We identified five types of depressions with different series of plant communities depending on their shape and drainage properties of soils (See Fig. 3). Based on these five types, a generalized hydrological series of plant communities in the depressions was identified. However, with account to the richness and availability of nutrients in soils, two variants of the hydrological series were considered. Under poorer (meso-trophic) and weakly acidic conditions, the communities of the class Brachypodio-Betuletea on the edge (in the upper part of the slope) of the depressions are further replaced by the swampy communities of the class Alnetea glutinosae on the slope and also in the center (See Fig. 3, a, c, e). In richer (mesoeutrophic) and near-neutral conditions on the slopes of the depressions, the communities of the class Brachypodio- Betuletea on the edge are replaced by the communities of the class Alno-Populetea on the slope and further by the communities of the class Alnetea glutinosae in the center of t","PeriodicalId":37153,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Tomskogo Gosudarstvennogo Universiteta-Biologiya","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90144343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Darya D. Kober, M. Rubina, I. V. Elmanovich, Denis P. Grebenshchikov, T. Gromovykh
Due to unique natural characteristics such as biocompatibility, nontoxicity, mechanical stability, and high moisture content, bacterial cellulose can be efficiently used for the production of new medical materials, including various wound dressings. Bacterial cellulose can be produced by bacteria of the genera Gluconaceto-bacter, Aerobacter, Rhizobium and others. Under static cultivation conditions, the producers form gel films of bacterial cellulose, which differ in their properties. Bacterial cellulose does not possess inherent antimicrobial activity; therefore, bacterial cellulose films must be further enhanced before they are used as medical materials. In order to improve the properties of BC, researchers use various modification methods to introduce antimicrobial activity. The main attention is paid to the post-synthetic modification: in this concept, in order to impart antimicrobial properties to bacterial cellulose it is saturated with antibiotics or other antibacterial and antifungal drugs. To improve the sorption properties, successful attempts were made to oxidize BC and then to saturate it with an antibiotic. The introduction of new reactive functional groups to the surface of bacterial cellulose fibers will make it possible to better control the sorption process and increase the saturation of films with antibacterial drugs. The purpose of this work was to determine the effect of bacterial cellulose treatment during oxidation in the TEMPO/NaClO/NaBr system on the properties of oxidized samples, i.e., an increase in the sorption capacity with respect to a biologically active compound. Films were obtained under conditions of stationary cultivation of the strain Gluconacetobacter hansenii GH 1/2008 (VKPM B-10547) on glucose and fructose carbon sources. Chloramphenicol, a broad-spectrum antibiotic, was chosen as a model antibiotic with which the films were saturated. The resulting films did not differ significantly in terms of thickness, water-holding capacity, and dry weight (see Table 1). Derivatives of BC gel films were obtained without destroying the native three-dimensional gel structure using an oxidative process catalyzed by the nitroxyl radical TEMPO (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-yl)oxyl). Depending on the oxidation conditions, a series of gel films functionalized with carboxyl groups (COOH) were obtained with a total content of COOH groups varying in a wide range from 0.041 to 0.219 mmol/g (see Fig. 2В). It was shown for the first time that the content of COOH groups depends on the quality of films synthesized on various carbon sources: the maximum degree of carboxylation was noted for films synthesized by G. hansenii on fructose, which is apparently associated with differences in the supramolecular structure of cellulose (see Fig.2B and 3). For the obtained gel films, the sorption capacity with respect to the antibacterial drug chloramphenicol (CP) was evaluated. A direct relationship was established between the sorption value
{"title":"Evaluation of the Sorption Capacity of Functionalized Bacterial Cellulose Gel Films with Respect to Chloramphenicol","authors":"Darya D. Kober, M. Rubina, I. V. Elmanovich, Denis P. Grebenshchikov, T. Gromovykh","doi":"10.17223/19988591/59/3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17223/19988591/59/3","url":null,"abstract":"Due to unique natural characteristics such as biocompatibility, nontoxicity, mechanical stability, and high moisture content, bacterial cellulose can be efficiently used for the production of new medical materials, including various wound dressings. Bacterial cellulose can be produced by bacteria of the genera Gluconaceto-bacter, Aerobacter, Rhizobium and others. Under static cultivation conditions, the producers form gel films of bacterial cellulose, which differ in their properties. Bacterial cellulose does not possess inherent antimicrobial activity; therefore, bacterial cellulose films must be further enhanced before they are used as medical materials. In order to improve the properties of BC, researchers use various modification methods to introduce antimicrobial activity. The main attention is paid to the post-synthetic modification: in this concept, in order to impart antimicrobial properties to bacterial cellulose it is saturated with antibiotics or other antibacterial and antifungal drugs. To improve the sorption properties, successful attempts were made to oxidize BC and then to saturate it with an antibiotic. The introduction of new reactive functional groups to the surface of bacterial cellulose fibers will make it possible to better control the sorption process and increase the saturation of films with antibacterial drugs. The purpose of this work was to determine the effect of bacterial cellulose treatment during oxidation in the TEMPO/NaClO/NaBr system on the properties of oxidized samples, i.e., an increase in the sorption capacity with respect to a biologically active compound. Films were obtained under conditions of stationary cultivation of the strain Gluconacetobacter hansenii GH 1/2008 (VKPM B-10547) on glucose and fructose carbon sources. Chloramphenicol, a broad-spectrum antibiotic, was chosen as a model antibiotic with which the films were saturated. The resulting films did not differ significantly in terms of thickness, water-holding capacity, and dry weight (see Table 1). Derivatives of BC gel films were obtained without destroying the native three-dimensional gel structure using an oxidative process catalyzed by the nitroxyl radical TEMPO (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-yl)oxyl). Depending on the oxidation conditions, a series of gel films functionalized with carboxyl groups (COOH) were obtained with a total content of COOH groups varying in a wide range from 0.041 to 0.219 mmol/g (see Fig. 2В). It was shown for the first time that the content of COOH groups depends on the quality of films synthesized on various carbon sources: the maximum degree of carboxylation was noted for films synthesized by G. hansenii on fructose, which is apparently associated with differences in the supramolecular structure of cellulose (see Fig.2B and 3). For the obtained gel films, the sorption capacity with respect to the antibacterial drug chloramphenicol (CP) was evaluated. A direct relationship was established between the sorption value ","PeriodicalId":37153,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Tomskogo Gosudarstvennogo Universiteta-Biologiya","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86494362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Michael D. Evdokimenko, L. Krivobokov, Alexey E. Petrenko
Landscape fires play the leading role in the modern anthropogenic dynamics of forest ecosystems in south-eastern Siberia. Forest pyrologists consider them the most destructive manifestation of fires - an environmental factor that acts across wide areas to change the state of landscapes. Due to the insufficient knowledge of the nature of pyrogenic forest ecosystems, especially its dynamic aspects in the forestforming process, obtaining data on the pyrogenic dynamics of forest ecosystems belonging to various ranks is of broad scientific interest. A new aspect of this study is assessing ecosystem transformations under various pyrological regimes that determine the pyrogenic successions of plant communities, the hydrothermal regime of soils, a post-fire runoff, etc. The history of catastrophic landscape fires in the Baikal and Trans-Baikal regions began after the construction of the Trans-Siberian Railway. At that time, a long strip of coastal hemiboreal small-leaved deciduous forests formed along the southern shore of Lake Baikal, in the area of indigenous dark coniferous taiga, as a result of the “selective” impact of a lingering series of fires that followed intense forest harvesting. It happened regardless of the average productivity of the pyrogenic stands being 30-40% lower vs. the potential level. The landscape fires of the 1930-1950s that arose during industrial development, especially in the areas of intense forest harvesting, caused heavy damage to forest ecosystems throughout Transbaikalia. Now, due to a regress in the Russian forest management, landscape fires have turned into an archaic alternative to the ecological progress as of the 1970s and 1980s. Therefore, the relevant goal of this article is to consider the transformation of forest ecosystems after landscape fires. The emergence and spread of landscape fires were studied during two fireintensive seasons through the air monitoring of the Trans-Baikal territory. Geographic coordinates: 49-57° N, 99-122° E. Regular pyrological studies of the seasonal dynamics of the forest fire danger implied the use of the method suggested by N.P. Kurbatsky (1970) [9]. The permanent trial plots were located on the Malkhansky and Khamar-Daban Mountain Ranges. The route studies covered the Selenga Highlands, as well as the basins of the Rivers Barguzin, Turka, Upper Angara, Muya, and Chara. Fig. 1 shows the schematic map of the sites. The pyrological regimes of vegetation complexes were established based on research data (see the table). The environmental consequences of landscape fires were studied in the forests of South-Eastern Baikal and Central Transbaikalia. The closest observations of the dynamics of burned (including through prescribed burning) and control stands were performed on permanent sample plots. There the researchers also ensured regular accounting of litterfall using special 1x1m collectors. The grain composition and physical and mechanical properties of the soils were determined via
{"title":"Environmental Consequences of Landscape Fires in Trans-Baikal Forests","authors":"Michael D. Evdokimenko, L. Krivobokov, Alexey E. Petrenko","doi":"10.17223/19988591/58/8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17223/19988591/58/8","url":null,"abstract":"Landscape fires play the leading role in the modern anthropogenic dynamics of forest ecosystems in south-eastern Siberia. Forest pyrologists consider them the most destructive manifestation of fires - an environmental factor that acts across wide areas to change the state of landscapes. Due to the insufficient knowledge of the nature of pyrogenic forest ecosystems, especially its dynamic aspects in the forestforming process, obtaining data on the pyrogenic dynamics of forest ecosystems belonging to various ranks is of broad scientific interest. A new aspect of this study is assessing ecosystem transformations under various pyrological regimes that determine the pyrogenic successions of plant communities, the hydrothermal regime of soils, a post-fire runoff, etc. The history of catastrophic landscape fires in the Baikal and Trans-Baikal regions began after the construction of the Trans-Siberian Railway. At that time, a long strip of coastal hemiboreal small-leaved deciduous forests formed along the southern shore of Lake Baikal, in the area of indigenous dark coniferous taiga, as a result of the “selective” impact of a lingering series of fires that followed intense forest harvesting. It happened regardless of the average productivity of the pyrogenic stands being 30-40% lower vs. the potential level. The landscape fires of the 1930-1950s that arose during industrial development, especially in the areas of intense forest harvesting, caused heavy damage to forest ecosystems throughout Transbaikalia. Now, due to a regress in the Russian forest management, landscape fires have turned into an archaic alternative to the ecological progress as of the 1970s and 1980s. Therefore, the relevant goal of this article is to consider the transformation of forest ecosystems after landscape fires. The emergence and spread of landscape fires were studied during two fireintensive seasons through the air monitoring of the Trans-Baikal territory. Geographic coordinates: 49-57° N, 99-122° E. Regular pyrological studies of the seasonal dynamics of the forest fire danger implied the use of the method suggested by N.P. Kurbatsky (1970) [9]. The permanent trial plots were located on the Malkhansky and Khamar-Daban Mountain Ranges. The route studies covered the Selenga Highlands, as well as the basins of the Rivers Barguzin, Turka, Upper Angara, Muya, and Chara. Fig. 1 shows the schematic map of the sites. The pyrological regimes of vegetation complexes were established based on research data (see the table). The environmental consequences of landscape fires were studied in the forests of South-Eastern Baikal and Central Transbaikalia. The closest observations of the dynamics of burned (including through prescribed burning) and control stands were performed on permanent sample plots. There the researchers also ensured regular accounting of litterfall using special 1x1m collectors. The grain composition and physical and mechanical properties of the soils were determined via","PeriodicalId":37153,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Tomskogo Gosudarstvennogo Universiteta-Biologiya","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89476050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dirofilariasis is a dangerous transmissible disease of carnivores and humans caused by two species of parasitic nematodes - Dirofilaria repens Railliet et Henry and D. immitis Leidy. The intermediate hosts of Dirofilariae are blood-sucking mosquitoes. Both species are typical of the mild climate of southern Europe, but in recent decades the parasites have spread to the north and northeast due to the global climate change. They have been registered in Western Siberia since 1989, and diro-filariasis cases in both animals and humans cause concern. To assess prospects for the spread of dirofilariasis and develop strategies to combat this disease, one has to determine the main mosquito vectors. Malaria mosquitos are the significant dirofilaria vectors in Europe, but there is a shortage of information on potential dirofilariasis vectors in Siberia. This paper is meant to estimate how extensive the invasion of different species of the malaria mosquitos D. repens and D. immitis is in the territory of Tomsk Region due to the global climate change. 64 samples of mosquitos from 36 localities of Tomsk Region were taken during the summer seasons of 2018 to 2020. Mosquitos were caught in stables, dissected to determine invasion via light microscopy. The species of malaria mosquitos and dirofilariae were identified through an ITS2 PCR-RFLP analysis (Artemov et al., 2021) and COI site-specific PCR (Rishniw et al., 1998), respectively. In total, the authors analyzed 7,591 female malaria mosquitos and 233 female non-malaria mosquitos, where 159 and 1 of them were infected with dirofilariae, respectively. They registered invasion in 44 samples from 21 localities, including the northernmost one - Strezhevoy town (60°44N, see Figure 1). Dirofilariasis is a common helminthiasis in Tomsk Region. The average invasion extensiveness is 2.1+0.2% in the region. In the natural populations of malaria mosquitos on the right bank of the River Ob, the invasion extensiveness is 3.7 times higher vs. the left bank of the Ob, despite the high transport accessibility of this bank (see Figure 2). Invasion extensiveness decreases from the south to the north, but the local conditions might disrupt this trend (see Table 3). Three species of malaria mosquitos - Anopheles daciae, An. messeae and An. beklemishevi (but not An. claviger) - are dirofilariasis vectors in Tomsk Region (see Table 1). South of 57° N, only D. repens and one mixed invasion case were found in An. daciae being the dominant species in this area. However, all the three species mainly invaded with D. repens were detected as vectors north of 57° N. One case of An. messeae invasion with the nematode D. immitis and mixed invasions of An. daciae and An. beklemishevi were found in Kolpashevo agglomeration. All the invasions with D. immitis (including mixed ones) were observed on the right bank of the Ob (see Table 2). The extensiveness of An. messeae and An. daciae invasion were significantly higher vs. An. beklemishevi, desp
Dirofilaria repens Railliet et Henry和D. immitis Leidy两种寄生线虫引起的食肉动物和人类的危险传染病。蝶丝虫的中间宿主是吸血蚊子。这两个物种都是典型的南欧温和气候，但近几十年来，由于全球气候变化，寄生虫已经扩散到北部和东北部。自1989年以来，它们已在西伯利亚西部进行了登记，动物和人类的笛罗丝虫病病例引起了关注。为了评估蝇蛆病传播的前景并制定防治这种疾病的战略，必须确定主要的蚊子媒介。在欧洲，疟蚊是重要的虫媒，但关于西伯利亚潜在虫媒的信息缺乏。本文旨在估计由于全球气候变化，托木斯克地区不同种类的疟蚊D. repens和D. immitis的入侵范围。2018年至2020年夏季，在托木斯克州36个地区采集了64份蚊子样本。在马厩里捕捉蚊子，通过光学显微镜解剖来确定入侵情况。通过ITS2 PCR- rflp分析(Artemov et al.， 2021)和COI位点特异性PCR (Rishniw et al.， 1998)分别鉴定了疟蚊和革丝虫的种类。总共分析了7591只雌疟蚊和233只雌非疟蚊，其中分别有159只和1只感染了双丝虫。他们在21个地点的44个样本中记录了入侵，包括最北部的Strezhevoy镇(60°44 n，见图1)。该地区的平均入侵广泛性为2.1+0.2%。在鄂河右岸的疟蚊自然种群中，尽管鄂河左岸交通可达性较高，但其入侵广泛性是鄂河左岸的3.7倍(见图2)。从南到北，入侵广泛性呈下降趋势，但当地条件可能会破坏这一趋势(见表3)。messseae和An。贝克米舍维(但不是安)。-是托木斯克州的蝇蛆病媒介(见表1)。在北纬57°以南，在安安省仅发现了雷氏夜蛾和1例混合入侵病例。达西亚科是该地区的优势种。以大鼠为主要侵染对象的3种昆虫均以北纬57°n为媒介。线虫的信息入侵和线虫的混合入侵。daciae和An。在Kolpashevo集聚区发现了beklemishevi。在Ob右岸观察到所有伴有immitis的入侵(包括混合入侵)(见表2)。messseae和An。dacia的入侵率明显高于An。beklemishevi，尽管其统治在北纬57度以北。在北纬59°的Bolshaya Griva村发现了被repens入侵的beklemishevi蚊。大约6.5%的受感染蚊子携带dirofilia进行了超入侵-再入侵(见图3)。因此，疟蚊在托木斯克州的传播中发挥了重要作用，并且可能是dirofilia病的传播。结论:1。蝇蛆在托木斯克州广泛分布。红僵丝虫传播的最北边界为北纬60°44′，灰僵丝虫传播的最北边界为北纬58°32′。在托木斯克州，疟疾蚊子对双丝虫病传播的贡献与其他吸血蚊子一样高。3.安省达西按蚊;messseae和An。白僵菌是灰僵菌和灰僵菌的载体。贝克米舍按蚊感染的频率低于其他两种。4. 鄂5河右岸疟蚊入侵范围较大。托木斯克州疟蚊携带双丝虫的混合入侵和超入侵现象频繁发生。本文包含4张图，3张表，55篇参考文献。作者声明无利益冲突。
{"title":"Spread of Dirofilariae (Spirurida, Onchocercidae) in the Natural Populations of Malaria Mosquitos (Diptera, Culicidae) in Tomsk Ob River Region","authors":"V. S. Fedorova, V. Burlak, G. Artemov","doi":"10.17223/19988591/58/7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17223/19988591/58/7","url":null,"abstract":"Dirofilariasis is a dangerous transmissible disease of carnivores and humans caused by two species of parasitic nematodes - Dirofilaria repens Railliet et Henry and D. immitis Leidy. The intermediate hosts of Dirofilariae are blood-sucking mosquitoes. Both species are typical of the mild climate of southern Europe, but in recent decades the parasites have spread to the north and northeast due to the global climate change. They have been registered in Western Siberia since 1989, and diro-filariasis cases in both animals and humans cause concern. To assess prospects for the spread of dirofilariasis and develop strategies to combat this disease, one has to determine the main mosquito vectors. Malaria mosquitos are the significant dirofilaria vectors in Europe, but there is a shortage of information on potential dirofilariasis vectors in Siberia. This paper is meant to estimate how extensive the invasion of different species of the malaria mosquitos D. repens and D. immitis is in the territory of Tomsk Region due to the global climate change. 64 samples of mosquitos from 36 localities of Tomsk Region were taken during the summer seasons of 2018 to 2020. Mosquitos were caught in stables, dissected to determine invasion via light microscopy. The species of malaria mosquitos and dirofilariae were identified through an ITS2 PCR-RFLP analysis (Artemov et al., 2021) and COI site-specific PCR (Rishniw et al., 1998), respectively. In total, the authors analyzed 7,591 female malaria mosquitos and 233 female non-malaria mosquitos, where 159 and 1 of them were infected with dirofilariae, respectively. They registered invasion in 44 samples from 21 localities, including the northernmost one - Strezhevoy town (60°44N, see Figure 1). Dirofilariasis is a common helminthiasis in Tomsk Region. The average invasion extensiveness is 2.1+0.2% in the region. In the natural populations of malaria mosquitos on the right bank of the River Ob, the invasion extensiveness is 3.7 times higher vs. the left bank of the Ob, despite the high transport accessibility of this bank (see Figure 2). Invasion extensiveness decreases from the south to the north, but the local conditions might disrupt this trend (see Table 3). Three species of malaria mosquitos - Anopheles daciae, An. messeae and An. beklemishevi (but not An. claviger) - are dirofilariasis vectors in Tomsk Region (see Table 1). South of 57° N, only D. repens and one mixed invasion case were found in An. daciae being the dominant species in this area. However, all the three species mainly invaded with D. repens were detected as vectors north of 57° N. One case of An. messeae invasion with the nematode D. immitis and mixed invasions of An. daciae and An. beklemishevi were found in Kolpashevo agglomeration. All the invasions with D. immitis (including mixed ones) were observed on the right bank of the Ob (see Table 2). The extensiveness of An. messeae and An. daciae invasion were significantly higher vs. An. beklemishevi, desp","PeriodicalId":37153,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Tomskogo Gosudarstvennogo Universiteta-Biologiya","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86359573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The goal of this study is to describe the cyanolichen Peltigera praetextata ontogenesis stages and reveal some of their morphological, anatomical, and physiological features. This paper analyzes 300 P. praetextata thalli taken in 2019 from aspen trunks in the aspen-spruce communities of the middle taiga territory in Kivach Nature Reserve (62°15'15.9'N, 33°58'746.1"E) from permanent sample plots. The authors determined the ontogenetic state of each thallus based on morphology and anatomy data using the concept of a discrete approach to the description of ontogenesis (Suetina, 2001). They registered the following thalli parameters: length, width, presence and length of rhizines, presence and width of veins, presence of phyllidia and apothecia, number of notches and lobes, shape, edge curl, and surface tomentum. They studied the anatomical parameters (thallus total thickness, tomentum thickness, cortical layer, algal layer and medulla thickness, algae cell size) using sections of thalli samples in all ontogenetic states from the apical, medial, and basal parts in triplicate. They measured the content of photosynthetic pigments spectrophotometrically with preparation of alcoholic extracts. To assess the parameters of the water regime of thalli having different ontogenetic states, the authors calculated a specific thallus mass (STM) and water holding capacity (WHC). They made a statistical data measurement using one-way ANOVA and regression analysis. They also calculated the coefficient of variation (CV) to assess the variability of the features under study. The study identified four periods and 12 ontogenetic states of P. praetextata: latent (sp), pre-generative (pr, prt, j, iml, im2, im3, vl, v2), generative (g), and post-generative (ss, s). The values of the morphological and anatomical parameters of the thalli increase during their development. The early ontogenesis stages demonstrate the highest variability of the parameters. The highest variability of the thallus structures under study within the ontogenetic states is registered for the rhizine length, vein width, and medulla thickness, while the highest constancy is typical of the share of the algal layer in the thallus that varies within a very limited range (22-32%) and reaches the minimum values in the post-generative period. The mycobiont increases in volume through a medulla growth. The physiological characteristics of the P. praetextata thalli differ in various ontogenetic states, while the generative thalli characterized by a normal ratio of photosynthetic pigments, maximum water saturation, and maximum water holding capacity have the maximum values. Thus, at early development stages, the thalli demonstrate a lower ability to retain moisture and may represent a critical stage in a lichen life cycle. On the one hand, the revealed wide variability of the morphological and anatomical parameters of young thalli testifies to their high adaptability, but the physiological parameters of water s
{"title":"Anatomical, Morphological, and Physiological Features of Cyanolichen Peltigera praetextata (Florke ex Sommerf.) Zopf Thalli in Different Ontogenetic States","authors":"V. Androsova, Pavel A. Virolainen","doi":"10.17223/19988591/58/4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17223/19988591/58/4","url":null,"abstract":"The goal of this study is to describe the cyanolichen Peltigera praetextata ontogenesis stages and reveal some of their morphological, anatomical, and physiological features. This paper analyzes 300 P. praetextata thalli taken in 2019 from aspen trunks in the aspen-spruce communities of the middle taiga territory in Kivach Nature Reserve (62°15'15.9'N, 33°58'746.1\"E) from permanent sample plots. The authors determined the ontogenetic state of each thallus based on morphology and anatomy data using the concept of a discrete approach to the description of ontogenesis (Suetina, 2001). They registered the following thalli parameters: length, width, presence and length of rhizines, presence and width of veins, presence of phyllidia and apothecia, number of notches and lobes, shape, edge curl, and surface tomentum. They studied the anatomical parameters (thallus total thickness, tomentum thickness, cortical layer, algal layer and medulla thickness, algae cell size) using sections of thalli samples in all ontogenetic states from the apical, medial, and basal parts in triplicate. They measured the content of photosynthetic pigments spectrophotometrically with preparation of alcoholic extracts. To assess the parameters of the water regime of thalli having different ontogenetic states, the authors calculated a specific thallus mass (STM) and water holding capacity (WHC). They made a statistical data measurement using one-way ANOVA and regression analysis. They also calculated the coefficient of variation (CV) to assess the variability of the features under study. The study identified four periods and 12 ontogenetic states of P. praetextata: latent (sp), pre-generative (pr, prt, j, iml, im2, im3, vl, v2), generative (g), and post-generative (ss, s). The values of the morphological and anatomical parameters of the thalli increase during their development. The early ontogenesis stages demonstrate the highest variability of the parameters. The highest variability of the thallus structures under study within the ontogenetic states is registered for the rhizine length, vein width, and medulla thickness, while the highest constancy is typical of the share of the algal layer in the thallus that varies within a very limited range (22-32%) and reaches the minimum values in the post-generative period. The mycobiont increases in volume through a medulla growth. The physiological characteristics of the P. praetextata thalli differ in various ontogenetic states, while the generative thalli characterized by a normal ratio of photosynthetic pigments, maximum water saturation, and maximum water holding capacity have the maximum values. Thus, at early development stages, the thalli demonstrate a lower ability to retain moisture and may represent a critical stage in a lichen life cycle. On the one hand, the revealed wide variability of the morphological and anatomical parameters of young thalli testifies to their high adaptability, but the physiological parameters of water s","PeriodicalId":37153,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Tomskogo Gosudarstvennogo Universiteta-Biologiya","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74954071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Svetlana G. Sergeeva, L. Bugaev, A. Voykina, Marina A. Tsybul'skaya
The roach, inhabiting the Azov Sea, is a semi-anadromous form of the species Rutilus rutilus (L., 1758) that holds major commercial importance. This study has been aimed at the investigation of long-term dynamics exhibited by some characteristics of metabolic activity in roach. The samples for various stages of its life cycle, including spawning, fattening, and wintering states, have been collected during sea trips, through catches of coastal stationary seines in various areas of the Azov Sea, and upon the breeders approaching to the spawning and rearing farms (hatcheries) of the Azov-Kuban Region. Around 3000 matured roach indaviduals aged 3-5 years have been investigated. Average long-term and reference intervals have been established, which limited 80% of the sample; the content of moisture, protein and total lipids in the tissues and organs of roach, as well as protein, cholesterol and lipids in blood, and the elements indicating its trophic quality has been identified. Table 1 shows the results obtained for determining the content of protein and lipids in gonads, liver and muscles, protein, cholesterol and lipids in blood serum. The data are presented in the form of a mean and a mean error (M ± mM). We found out that the investigated characteristics have high variability showing seasonal dynamics and associated with metabolic features of fish individuals with the gonad differing in maturity. During the fattening season that covers the end of spring, summer and autumn, the synthesis of lipids and protein and their deposition in muscle tissue and liver is taking place, their content in blood serum increases, and after this, a relatively fast gonadogenesis begins. Wintering starts with the developed reproductive products at the 4th maturity stage in females and at the 3rd-4th maturity stage in males. After winter depletion of depot fat used for maintaining catabolism and formative processes, their further reduction ensues. After spawning, content of these elements drops to their minimum. In female gonads, in the course of oocyte maturation from the 2nd to the 4th maturity stage, considerable accumulation of fat and protein takes place. Protein content in muscles is normally maintained at a constant level. The dynamics of the studied indicators is shown in Figures 2-8. Results of the investigation of the physiological status of the Azov Sea roach have made it possible to determine a physiological norm for this fish species for the present time. The fat content varies by season from 5.7 to 10.2% in muscles, and from 10.2 to 50.4% in liver. Its decrease during pre-spawning (down to less than 3% in muscles and less than 8 % in liver) affects the normal course of fish maturation and, later on, interferes with successful embryogenesis. The protein content in roach muscles is relatively stable; its optimal values lie within the range 130-170 mg/L. The protein content in muscles that is lower than 100 mg/g is considered critical. Optimal values of the
{"title":"Physiological and biochemical adaptation indicators of the Azov sea roach Rutilus rutilus (L.) at various stages of its life cycle","authors":"Svetlana G. Sergeeva, L. Bugaev, A. Voykina, Marina A. Tsybul'skaya","doi":"10.17223/19988591/57/7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17223/19988591/57/7","url":null,"abstract":"The roach, inhabiting the Azov Sea, is a semi-anadromous form of the species Rutilus rutilus (L., 1758) that holds major commercial importance. This study has been aimed at the investigation of long-term dynamics exhibited by some characteristics of metabolic activity in roach. The samples for various stages of its life cycle, including spawning, fattening, and wintering states, have been collected during sea trips, through catches of coastal stationary seines in various areas of the Azov Sea, and upon the breeders approaching to the spawning and rearing farms (hatcheries) of the Azov-Kuban Region. Around 3000 matured roach indaviduals aged 3-5 years have been investigated. Average long-term and reference intervals have been established, which limited 80% of the sample; the content of moisture, protein and total lipids in the tissues and organs of roach, as well as protein, cholesterol and lipids in blood, and the elements indicating its trophic quality has been identified. Table 1 shows the results obtained for determining the content of protein and lipids in gonads, liver and muscles, protein, cholesterol and lipids in blood serum. The data are presented in the form of a mean and a mean error (M ± mM). We found out that the investigated characteristics have high variability showing seasonal dynamics and associated with metabolic features of fish individuals with the gonad differing in maturity. During the fattening season that covers the end of spring, summer and autumn, the synthesis of lipids and protein and their deposition in muscle tissue and liver is taking place, their content in blood serum increases, and after this, a relatively fast gonadogenesis begins. Wintering starts with the developed reproductive products at the 4th maturity stage in females and at the 3rd-4th maturity stage in males. After winter depletion of depot fat used for maintaining catabolism and formative processes, their further reduction ensues. After spawning, content of these elements drops to their minimum. In female gonads, in the course of oocyte maturation from the 2nd to the 4th maturity stage, considerable accumulation of fat and protein takes place. Protein content in muscles is normally maintained at a constant level. The dynamics of the studied indicators is shown in Figures 2-8. Results of the investigation of the physiological status of the Azov Sea roach have made it possible to determine a physiological norm for this fish species for the present time. The fat content varies by season from 5.7 to 10.2% in muscles, and from 10.2 to 50.4% in liver. Its decrease during pre-spawning (down to less than 3% in muscles and less than 8 % in liver) affects the normal course of fish maturation and, later on, interferes with successful embryogenesis. The protein content in roach muscles is relatively stable; its optimal values lie within the range 130-170 mg/L. The protein content in muscles that is lower than 100 mg/g is considered critical. Optimal values of the ","PeriodicalId":37153,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Tomskogo Gosudarstvennogo Universiteta-Biologiya","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74994120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Loiko, D. Kuzmina, G. Istigechev, I. V. Kritskov, A. Lim, N. Klimova, A. Novoselov, A. Konstantinov, Elvira V. Novolodskaya, S. P. Kulizhsky
Climate warming in the Subarctic leads to the expansion of shrub ecosystems. The most common upland tundra shrubification is by alder in combination with dwarf birch and willows. However, the nature and rate of changes in the morphological properties of soils in the low arctic tundra during shrubification remain unknown. To study the impact of new shrub ecosystems on tundra soils, we studied alder shrubs in the south of the Western Siberian tundra. The key site is located between the rivers Taz and Pur. The village of Tazovsky, Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug (Russia) is located nearby. This area is called the Taz tundra, near its transition to the forest tundra. The coordinates of the center of alder shrubs are N67°22'17.4'', E78°42'11.7'' (Fig. 1). The formation of alder shrubs at the study site began no later than 1957. We studied 34 soil profiles. Of these, eight soil profiles were studied in the tundra, eight more in the tundra ecotone and alder shrubs. Eighteen soil profiles characterized the periphery or central zone of alder shrubs (Fig. 2, 3). In the field, we studied the vegetation, the depth of permafrost, photographed soil profiles, and took samples of soil horizons and a micromonolith. We quantified soil morphological parameters such as soil horizon boundary depth, soil horizon thickness, thixotropy index, gley patch percentage, root penetration depth, charcoal abundance, and horizon coloration in the CIE-L*a*b* system. A topographic survey was made within the key site. The age of shrubs and the relief form for each soil profile were determined. The obtained values were processed using the methods of basic statistics and the method of principal components. The studied alder shrubs in the Taz Tundra are located in the upper part of the slopes of stream valleys. The expansion of shrubs at the key site has been observed since the beginning of the second half of the 20th century. For the key site with alder, the succession stages of transformation of tundra into a shrub ecosystem are described. At the first stage, only a few young shoots of alder are observed in tundra (Fig. 10). Alder appears as a result of seed germination on devoid of vegetation areas of cryoturbated soils (patterned-ground). Alder actively colonizes the territory adjacent to the original places of germination, which leads to the expansion of the original range and the concentric structure of shrubs. The second stage is represented by tundra and alder ecotone. In this ecotone, the cover and height of alder increase, and so does the habitus of the original shrubs (dwarf birch and wild rosemary). The main transformations of soil properties are associated with an increase in the active layer thickness. The third stage is the peripheral part of the alder shrubs, where the height of the alder is maximum and reaches 4.5 m. The fourth stage is the central zone of the alder shrubs, where there appear reed-sedge meadows with fireweed. Meadows form in places where the alder bush
{"title":"The Transformation of Morphological Properties of Soils Due to the Low Arctic Tundra Shrubification","authors":"S. Loiko, D. Kuzmina, G. Istigechev, I. V. Kritskov, A. Lim, N. Klimova, A. Novoselov, A. Konstantinov, Elvira V. Novolodskaya, S. P. Kulizhsky","doi":"10.17223/19988591/59/1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17223/19988591/59/1","url":null,"abstract":"Climate warming in the Subarctic leads to the expansion of shrub ecosystems. The most common upland tundra shrubification is by alder in combination with dwarf birch and willows. However, the nature and rate of changes in the morphological properties of soils in the low arctic tundra during shrubification remain unknown. To study the impact of new shrub ecosystems on tundra soils, we studied alder shrubs in the south of the Western Siberian tundra. The key site is located between the rivers Taz and Pur. The village of Tazovsky, Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug (Russia) is located nearby. This area is called the Taz tundra, near its transition to the forest tundra. The coordinates of the center of alder shrubs are N67°22'17.4'', E78°42'11.7'' (Fig. 1). The formation of alder shrubs at the study site began no later than 1957. We studied 34 soil profiles. Of these, eight soil profiles were studied in the tundra, eight more in the tundra ecotone and alder shrubs. Eighteen soil profiles characterized the periphery or central zone of alder shrubs (Fig. 2, 3). In the field, we studied the vegetation, the depth of permafrost, photographed soil profiles, and took samples of soil horizons and a micromonolith. We quantified soil morphological parameters such as soil horizon boundary depth, soil horizon thickness, thixotropy index, gley patch percentage, root penetration depth, charcoal abundance, and horizon coloration in the CIE-L*a*b* system. A topographic survey was made within the key site. The age of shrubs and the relief form for each soil profile were determined. The obtained values were processed using the methods of basic statistics and the method of principal components. The studied alder shrubs in the Taz Tundra are located in the upper part of the slopes of stream valleys. The expansion of shrubs at the key site has been observed since the beginning of the second half of the 20th century. For the key site with alder, the succession stages of transformation of tundra into a shrub ecosystem are described. At the first stage, only a few young shoots of alder are observed in tundra (Fig. 10). Alder appears as a result of seed germination on devoid of vegetation areas of cryoturbated soils (patterned-ground). Alder actively colonizes the territory adjacent to the original places of germination, which leads to the expansion of the original range and the concentric structure of shrubs. The second stage is represented by tundra and alder ecotone. In this ecotone, the cover and height of alder increase, and so does the habitus of the original shrubs (dwarf birch and wild rosemary). The main transformations of soil properties are associated with an increase in the active layer thickness. The third stage is the peripheral part of the alder shrubs, where the height of the alder is maximum and reaches 4.5 m. The fourth stage is the central zone of the alder shrubs, where there appear reed-sedge meadows with fireweed. Meadows form in places where the alder bush","PeriodicalId":37153,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Tomskogo Gosudarstvennogo Universiteta-Biologiya","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89987209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. I. Sedaeva, Alexander Ekart, Nikolay V. Stepanov, L. Krivobokov, A. N. Kravchenko
Tilia genus in Siberia is a relict element of flora which grows as isolated plots. Some authors consider Siberian lime as Tilia sibirica Bayer. Two small lime populations near Krasnoyarsk have been described as a separate species Tilia nasczokinii Stepanov. Both T. sibirica and T. nasczokinii retain the ambiguous status in the modern international nomenclature of plants. The facts concerning the presence of a number of relict nemoral species among T. nasczokinii satellites indicate the relict origin of its populations. Recent investigations have ascertained that T. nasczokinii species is essentially genetically removed both from T. cordata and T. sibirica. This confirms the relict origin of the populations. The aim of our investigation is to determine the number of lime plants and their sizes, to find out the ontogenetic structure and reproduction character of relict T. nasczokinii populations and to estimate the vitality of the plants. T. nasczokinii populations are located on different banks of the Yenisei River. The fist population is on the left bank (from 55°57'34''N, 92°28'07''E to 55°57'51''N, 92°30'10''E) and the second one is on the right bank (55°57'26''N, 92°46'41''E) (See Fig. 1). We made a general geobotanical description of phytocenosis. The ontogenetic status was determined for each T. nasczokinii plant. The sizes (height and diameter at 1.3 m) and the vital status were established for virginile and generative plants. In order to assess the contribution of vegetative and seed reproduction, we calculated the index of genotypic richness R (Dorken, Eckert, 2001) and clonal heterogeneity D* (Arnaud-Haond et al., 2007) using the GenClone v2.0 program (Arnaud-Haond and Belkhir, 2007) on the basis of genotype analysis of 11 polymorphic nuclear microsatellite loci (Ekart et al., 2021). Also, we determined the number of unique multy-locus genotypes (MLG) in every population. As a result of our research, 305 T. nasczokinii plants were found in the left bank population (39 of them are large trees, others belong to the undergrowth) and 196 plants (30 from them are rather large) on the right bank. T. nasczokinii is a part of pine and pine-birch forests with Carex macroura Meinsh. and other grasses which have the average closeness of crowns (0.55-0.65). On the right bank, all the lime trees grow on the area of 1.5 ha. On the left bank, they are located on the area of 370 ha as individual trees or as groups up to 7 big trees and 5-96 small plants. The distance between the groups is rather long: from 500 to 1000 m. It is demonstrated that both investigated populations have a similar ontogenetic structure (See Fig. 2). Juvenile and immature plants occupy the biggest part (84% on the left bank and 77% on the right). Not many current year sprouts were found both on the left (2%) and on the right bank (8%). As it is typical for the lime, senile plants were practically absent (only one plant was found on the left bank). The calculated indexes R and D*
只有在其参与的自然植物生长得到保护的情况下，才有可能形成纳斯科基尼种群。
{"title":"Characteristics of isolated Tilia nasczokinii Stepanov (Tiliaceae) populations near Krasnoyarsk","authors":"M. I. Sedaeva, Alexander Ekart, Nikolay V. Stepanov, L. Krivobokov, A. N. Kravchenko","doi":"10.17223/19988591/57/2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17223/19988591/57/2","url":null,"abstract":"Tilia genus in Siberia is a relict element of flora which grows as isolated plots. Some authors consider Siberian lime as Tilia sibirica Bayer. Two small lime populations near Krasnoyarsk have been described as a separate species Tilia nasczokinii Stepanov. Both T. sibirica and T. nasczokinii retain the ambiguous status in the modern international nomenclature of plants. The facts concerning the presence of a number of relict nemoral species among T. nasczokinii satellites indicate the relict origin of its populations. Recent investigations have ascertained that T. nasczokinii species is essentially genetically removed both from T. cordata and T. sibirica. This confirms the relict origin of the populations. The aim of our investigation is to determine the number of lime plants and their sizes, to find out the ontogenetic structure and reproduction character of relict T. nasczokinii populations and to estimate the vitality of the plants. T. nasczokinii populations are located on different banks of the Yenisei River. The fist population is on the left bank (from 55°57'34''N, 92°28'07''E to 55°57'51''N, 92°30'10''E) and the second one is on the right bank (55°57'26''N, 92°46'41''E) (See Fig. 1). We made a general geobotanical description of phytocenosis. The ontogenetic status was determined for each T. nasczokinii plant. The sizes (height and diameter at 1.3 m) and the vital status were established for virginile and generative plants. In order to assess the contribution of vegetative and seed reproduction, we calculated the index of genotypic richness R (Dorken, Eckert, 2001) and clonal heterogeneity D* (Arnaud-Haond et al., 2007) using the GenClone v2.0 program (Arnaud-Haond and Belkhir, 2007) on the basis of genotype analysis of 11 polymorphic nuclear microsatellite loci (Ekart et al., 2021). Also, we determined the number of unique multy-locus genotypes (MLG) in every population. As a result of our research, 305 T. nasczokinii plants were found in the left bank population (39 of them are large trees, others belong to the undergrowth) and 196 plants (30 from them are rather large) on the right bank. T. nasczokinii is a part of pine and pine-birch forests with Carex macroura Meinsh. and other grasses which have the average closeness of crowns (0.55-0.65). On the right bank, all the lime trees grow on the area of 1.5 ha. On the left bank, they are located on the area of 370 ha as individual trees or as groups up to 7 big trees and 5-96 small plants. The distance between the groups is rather long: from 500 to 1000 m. It is demonstrated that both investigated populations have a similar ontogenetic structure (See Fig. 2). Juvenile and immature plants occupy the biggest part (84% on the left bank and 77% on the right). Not many current year sprouts were found both on the left (2%) and on the right bank (8%). As it is typical for the lime, senile plants were practically absent (only one plant was found on the left bank). The calculated indexes R and D* ","PeriodicalId":37153,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Tomskogo Gosudarstvennogo Universiteta-Biologiya","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86193588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sergey A. Makhin, A. Kaida, Yevgeniya V. Eismont, Anna Mikhailova, V. Pavlenko
A number of studies have shown the possibility of taking the EEG individual alpha peak frequency (IAPF) as an informative neurophysiological indicator of the overall cognitive efficiency of the human brain. The main goal of the present work was to study the IAPF reactivity in primary school age children in the process of auditory perception of sounds accompanying familiar instrumental movements, and to measure its hypothesized correlation to the verbal and non-verbal intelligence development. The effects of gender and age of children on these interrelations have also been estimated. We analyzed the data pertaining to the sample of primary school children aged 7-10 years (62 subjects). To assess possible age-related effects, the sample of children was additionally divided into two groups aged 7-8 years (24 boys and10 girls) and 9-10 years (14 boys and 14 girls). During the experiment, the subject and the experimenter sat at the adjacent places, with a monitor and a computer mouse (CM) placed on the table in front of each of them. A video showing the CM section of the experimenter’s table was displayed on the monitor screen in front of the subject. Experimental tasks comprised a series of stages (30 s each) including the conditions of a passive visual fixation on the video image of a motionless CM, execution of self-paced circular right-hand movements with CM, observation of similar movements produced by the experimenter, real-time imitation of the experimenter’s movements, wakeful rest with eyes closed, and auditory perception of familiar sounds accompanying the CM movements produced by the experimenter (subject’s eyes still closed). In the context of the present study, we analyzed the EEG dynamics in subjects during the two final stages with eyes closed: wakeful rest (WR) and auditory perception (AP) of familiar CM movements produced by the experimenter. The area of interest in the present study was the electrical activity of the laterally located parietal (P3, P4) and occipital (O1, O2) EEG electrodes. IAPF values were calculated for each of them within 7-13 Hz frequency range and averaged for the sum of them for the two corresponding experimental stages. The reactivity of the alpha rhythm frequency was calculated for each subject separately as the difference between the values of the dominant alpha rhythm frequency in two situations: the auditory perception of instrumental movements and the wakeful rest. Positive values of the frequency reactivity indicated its increase under condition of auditory perception of movements, and negative values - its decrease. The intelligence development levels of the participants were assessed with the help of the Wechsler test for children (WISC). In the context of the present study, the verbal and non-verbal intelligence scores were analyzed separately. We can conclude that in the primary school age children, the individual frequency of the parieto-occipital alpha rhythm in boys does not differ significantly b
{"title":"The EEG alpha rhythm frequency dynamics during the auditory perception of actions and its relation to intelligence level in children aged 7-10 years","authors":"Sergey A. Makhin, A. Kaida, Yevgeniya V. Eismont, Anna Mikhailova, V. Pavlenko","doi":"10.17223/19988591/56/5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17223/19988591/56/5","url":null,"abstract":"A number of studies have shown the possibility of taking the EEG individual alpha peak frequency (IAPF) as an informative neurophysiological indicator of the overall cognitive efficiency of the human brain. The main goal of the present work was to study the IAPF reactivity in primary school age children in the process of auditory perception of sounds accompanying familiar instrumental movements, and to measure its hypothesized correlation to the verbal and non-verbal intelligence development. The effects of gender and age of children on these interrelations have also been estimated. We analyzed the data pertaining to the sample of primary school children aged 7-10 years (62 subjects). To assess possible age-related effects, the sample of children was additionally divided into two groups aged 7-8 years (24 boys and10 girls) and 9-10 years (14 boys and 14 girls). During the experiment, the subject and the experimenter sat at the adjacent places, with a monitor and a computer mouse (CM) placed on the table in front of each of them. A video showing the CM section of the experimenter’s table was displayed on the monitor screen in front of the subject. Experimental tasks comprised a series of stages (30 s each) including the conditions of a passive visual fixation on the video image of a motionless CM, execution of self-paced circular right-hand movements with CM, observation of similar movements produced by the experimenter, real-time imitation of the experimenter’s movements, wakeful rest with eyes closed, and auditory perception of familiar sounds accompanying the CM movements produced by the experimenter (subject’s eyes still closed). In the context of the present study, we analyzed the EEG dynamics in subjects during the two final stages with eyes closed: wakeful rest (WR) and auditory perception (AP) of familiar CM movements produced by the experimenter. The area of interest in the present study was the electrical activity of the laterally located parietal (P3, P4) and occipital (O1, O2) EEG electrodes. IAPF values were calculated for each of them within 7-13 Hz frequency range and averaged for the sum of them for the two corresponding experimental stages. The reactivity of the alpha rhythm frequency was calculated for each subject separately as the difference between the values of the dominant alpha rhythm frequency in two situations: the auditory perception of instrumental movements and the wakeful rest. Positive values of the frequency reactivity indicated its increase under condition of auditory perception of movements, and negative values - its decrease. The intelligence development levels of the participants were assessed with the help of the Wechsler test for children (WISC). In the context of the present study, the verbal and non-verbal intelligence scores were analyzed separately. We can conclude that in the primary school age children, the individual frequency of the parieto-occipital alpha rhythm in boys does not differ significantly b","PeriodicalId":37153,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Tomskogo Gosudarstvennogo Universiteta-Biologiya","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78232874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Э. А. Гурбанов, Ф. М. Рамазанова, С. М. Гусейнова, З.Р. Гурбанова
The dry subtropical zone of Azerbaijan is located in an erosion-hazardous zone, and irrigation erosion manifests itself on an area of more than 255 thousand hectares. The damage caused by irrigation erosion to the agriculture of the republic is manifested not only in the destruction of the soil structure, but also in the removal of nutrients from the soil. At the same time, the patterns of change in the anti-erosion resistance of grey Cinnomanic soils /Luvic Calcisols /Luvic-Calcic Kastanozems (according to the classification of the USSR), grey Cinnamonic soils (according to the classification of Azerbaijan), (on WRB (2014)-Haplic Kastanozems / Haplic Calcisols) in the dry subtropical zone of Azerbaijan, depending on the age of irrigation, are diverse and not fully studied. Therefore, conducting research in this direction and assessing the antierosion resistance of grey Cinnamonic soils is relevant for Azerbaijan. The aim of this research is to study the changing of the anti-erosion resistance of irrigated grey Cinnomanic soils in the foothill and plain areas of the dry subtropical zone of the republic, depending on the age of irrigation. Based on the results obtained, the place of grey Cinnomanic soils in the international classification system WRB (2014) was determined. The research was carried out on grey Cinnomanic soils of heavy loamy and light clayey granulometric composition of the foothills and plains of the dry subtropical zone of different irrigation periods, in the territories: Grey Cinnomanic (virgin soils) – Beylagan (39°46'02.2''N, 47°36'13.3''E) and Yevlakh region (40°60'67.75''N, 47°17'02.71''E); Newly Irrigated Grey Cinnamonic (20-25 years old) – Agdash region (40°63'24.62''N, 47°49'11.92''E) and Geokchay region (40°37'10.5''N, 47°44'29.5''E); Irrigated Grey Cinnamonic (about 100 years old) – Bilasuvar (39°48'36.49''N, 48°43'35.24''E), Yevlakh (40°44I 34.18''N, 46°96'51.13''E), kshu (40°55'39.53''N, 48°35'04.18''E), and Aghstafa region (41°06'11.17''N, 45°28'07.32''E); For a Long Time-Irrigated Grey Cinnamonic (about 300 years old) – Bilasuvar (39°44'25.56''N, 48°42'52.72''E) and Beylagan region (39°76'45.13''N, 47°59'13.50''E). The research methods are comparative-geographical (geographical patterns of distribution of these soils according to the granulometric competition and humus content of the arable horizon) and comparative-analytical. On the plots, soil sections were laid, a morphological description was carried out, soil samples were taken from the genetic horizons (Field guide of soils in Russia (2008), FAO. Guidelines for soil description (2006), IUSS Working Group WRB. World Reference Base of Soil Resources 2014, update 2015, Kallas and Tanzybayev (2001)). The anti-erosion resistance of soils was determined by the bottom erosion flow rate-according to Kuznetsov MS. (1981), the water resistance of the aggregates – by methods of dry and “wet” aggregate analysis according to Savvinov, the specific gravity of the solid phas
{"title":"Изменение противоэрозионной стойкости орошаемых серо-коричневых почв сухой субтропической зоны Азербайджана в зависимости от давности их орошения","authors":"Э. А. Гурбанов, Ф. М. Рамазанова, С. М. Гусейнова, З.Р. Гурбанова","doi":"10.17223/19988591/56/2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17223/19988591/56/2","url":null,"abstract":"The dry subtropical zone of Azerbaijan is located in an erosion-hazardous zone, and irrigation erosion manifests itself on an area of more than 255 thousand hectares. The damage caused by irrigation erosion to the agriculture of the republic is manifested not only in the destruction of the soil structure, but also in the removal of nutrients from the soil. At the same time, the patterns of change in the anti-erosion resistance of grey Cinnomanic soils /Luvic Calcisols /Luvic-Calcic Kastanozems (according to the classification of the USSR), grey Cinnamonic soils (according to the classification of Azerbaijan), (on WRB (2014)-Haplic Kastanozems / Haplic Calcisols) in the dry subtropical zone of Azerbaijan, depending on the age of irrigation, are diverse and not fully studied. Therefore, conducting research in this direction and assessing the antierosion resistance of grey Cinnamonic soils is relevant for Azerbaijan. The aim of this research is to study the changing of the anti-erosion resistance of irrigated grey Cinnomanic soils in the foothill and plain areas of the dry subtropical zone of the republic, depending on the age of irrigation. Based on the results obtained, the place of grey Cinnomanic soils in the international classification system WRB (2014) was determined. The research was carried out on grey Cinnomanic soils of heavy loamy and light clayey granulometric composition of the foothills and plains of the dry subtropical zone of different irrigation periods, in the territories: Grey Cinnomanic (virgin soils) – Beylagan (39°46'02.2''N, 47°36'13.3''E) and Yevlakh region (40°60'67.75''N, 47°17'02.71''E); Newly Irrigated Grey Cinnamonic (20-25 years old) – Agdash region (40°63'24.62''N, 47°49'11.92''E) and Geokchay region (40°37'10.5''N, 47°44'29.5''E); Irrigated Grey Cinnamonic (about 100 years old) – Bilasuvar (39°48'36.49''N, 48°43'35.24''E), Yevlakh (40°44I 34.18''N, 46°96'51.13''E), kshu (40°55'39.53''N, 48°35'04.18''E), and Aghstafa region (41°06'11.17''N, 45°28'07.32''E); For a Long Time-Irrigated Grey Cinnamonic (about 300 years old) – Bilasuvar (39°44'25.56''N, 48°42'52.72''E) and Beylagan region (39°76'45.13''N, 47°59'13.50''E). The research methods are comparative-geographical (geographical patterns of distribution of these soils according to the granulometric competition and humus content of the arable horizon) and comparative-analytical. On the plots, soil sections were laid, a morphological description was carried out, soil samples were taken from the genetic horizons (Field guide of soils in Russia (2008), FAO. Guidelines for soil description (2006), IUSS Working Group WRB. World Reference Base of Soil Resources 2014, update 2015, Kallas and Tanzybayev (2001)). The anti-erosion resistance of soils was determined by the bottom erosion flow rate-according to Kuznetsov MS. (1981), the water resistance of the aggregates – by methods of dry and “wet” aggregate analysis according to Savvinov, the specific gravity of the solid phas","PeriodicalId":37153,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Tomskogo Gosudarstvennogo Universiteta-Biologiya","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89335592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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