{"title":"Using marginal species localities for the revision of the western boundary of the Altai-Yenisei floristic Province","authors":"I. Artemov","doi":"10.17223/19988591/55/1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17223/19988591/55/1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37153,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Tomskogo Gosudarstvennogo Universiteta-Biologiya","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80233923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I. Andreeva, Aleksandr S. Safatov, L. Puchkova, E. Emelyanova, N. Solovyanova, G. Buryak, V. Ternovoi
The microbial diversity of atmospheric bioaerosols involves microorganisms that can cause allergic and infectious diseases or toxic effects. They include bacteria of the Bacillus cereus group (B. cereus, B. thuringiensis, B. anthracis, B. mycoides, B. pseudomycoides, etc.), which can result in diarrhea, pneumonia, meningitis, septicemia, and other infectious diseases. Accordingly, monitoring the presence of Bacillus cereus group bacteria in aerosols is critical. However, practically no data exist on Bacillus cereus and other cereus-group bacteria in southwestern Siberia’s poorly investigated atmospheric aerosol environment. Bacteria of the cereus group are capable of effective production of various biologically active compounds, with important implications for biotechnology; microorganism strains with new capabilities are being investigated. This study aimed to determine the occurrence and characteristics of B. cereus group bacteria in ground-level and high-altitude atmospheric aerosols in Novosibirsk region of southwestern Siberia, and to evaluate the biotechnological potential of the obtained microbial isolates. High-altitude atmospheric samples were collected over Karakan Pine Forest, approximately 50 km south of Novosibirsk, at altitudes of 7000, 5500, 4000, 2000, 1500, 1000, and 500 m, by aircraft sounding. Вoundaries of the aircraft flight path: 54° 26'38'' N, 82° 30'47'' E; 54°10'55'' N, 81° 44'00'' E. Ground-level samples were collected at various sites in Koltsovo settlement, Novosibirsk region. Impingers with a flow rate of 50 L/min containing 50 ml of Hanks’ solution were used for air sampling. The obtained aerosol samples were sown on a set of nutrient media and incubated at 28–30°C and 6–10 °C. The titers of microorganisms in high-altitude and ground-level samples were determined in terms of 1 m3 of atmospheric air. Standard microbiological methods were employed to study the phenotypic characteristics of the identified microbial isolates. Lipolytic activity was determined on yolk agar and LB agarized medium containing fatty acid esters with 0.01% CaCl2 . The substrates used were 1.0% monolaurate (tween-20) and monooleate (tween-80). Amylolytic activity of the cultures was determined by their isolation on starch-ammonia agar, and proteolytic activity by their ability to hydrolyse milk gelatin and casein (Maniatis T et al., 1984). The ability to hemolysis was taken into account when cultures were plated on LB medium with the addition of ram’s blood. Nuclease activity was studied on LB medium with the addition of Sigma DNA (USA) (Maniatis T et al., 1984). The content of plasmid DNA in the isolates was determined by screening according to Maniatis T et al. (1984). The capacity for RNAase secretion in culture medium (peptone - 9.27 g/l, yeast extract - 5 g/l, NaCl - 3.00; 10 ml of 50% glycerin, 2 ml of 20% glucose; pH 7.07.2) during cultivation of bacteria at 30 °С, for 18-24 h, was determined by the accumulation of acid-soluble products,
大气生物气溶胶的微生物多样性涉及可引起过敏和传染病或毒性作用的微生物。它们包括蜡样芽孢杆菌群的细菌(蜡样芽孢杆菌、苏云金芽孢杆菌、炭疽芽孢杆菌、真菌芽孢杆菌、假菌芽孢杆菌等)，可导致腹泻、肺炎、脑膜炎、败血症和其他传染病。因此，监测气溶胶中蜡样芽孢杆菌群细菌的存在是至关重要的。然而，在西伯利亚西南部研究较少的大气气溶胶环境中，几乎没有蜡样芽孢杆菌和其他蜡样菌群的数据。蜡样菌群的细菌能够有效地生产各种生物活性化合物，对生物技术具有重要意义;正在研究具有新能力的微生物菌株。本研究旨在确定西伯利亚西南部新西伯利亚地区地面和高空大气气溶胶中蜡样芽孢杆菌群细菌的分布和特征，并评价所获得的微生物分离株的生物技术潜力。在新西伯利亚以南约50公里的卡拉干松林上空，通过飞机探测收集了海拔7000、5500、4000、2000、1500、1000和500米的高空大气样本。飞机飞行路径Вoundaries: 54°26'38 " N, 82°30'47 " E;北纬54°10′55”，东经81°44′00”，在新西伯利亚地区Koltsovo居民点的不同地点采集地面样品。空气采样采用流速为50 L/min的冲击器，含50 ml汉克斯溶液。将获得的气溶胶样品播种在一套营养培养基上，在28-30°C和6-10°C孵育。以1 m3大气空气为单位测定高原和地面样品中微生物的滴度。采用标准微生物学方法研究鉴定的微生物分离株的表型特征。在含有0.01% CaCl2脂肪酸酯的蛋黄琼脂和LB琼脂培养基上测定脂解活性。底物为1.0%单月桂酸酯(吐温-20)和单油酸酯(吐温-80)。通过在淀粉-氨琼脂上的分离来确定培养物的解淀粉活性，通过水解牛奶明胶和酪蛋白来确定其解蛋白活性(Maniatis T et al.， 1984)。在LB培养基上添加公羊血时，考虑了溶血能力。在LB培养基上添加Sigma DNA(美国)研究了核酸酶活性(Maniatis T et al.， 1984)。根据Maniatis et al.(1984)筛选菌株的质粒DNA含量。RNAase在蛋白胨- 9.27 g/l、酵母膏- 5 g/l、NaCl - 3.00培养基中的分泌能力;50%甘油10ml, 20%葡萄糖2ml;pH值为7.07.2)，在30°С下培养18-24 h，通过酵母的高聚物RNA (1 mg/ml)水解形成酸溶性产物的积累来确定。采用交叉交叉法(Yasuda T et al.， 1992)在37°C LB培养基上测定菌株的抗生素活性。致病性试验菌株:金黄色葡萄球菌ATCC 6538、枯草芽孢杆菌ATCC 6633、白色念珠菌620、肺炎克雷伯菌B-4894、大肠杆菌ATCC 25922、鼠伤寒沙门菌2606、索内志贺氏菌32(收集自俄罗斯联邦食品药品监督管理局国家研究中心载体)。采用16S rRNA特异引物PCR对分离菌株进行遗传分析。根据Kerber法[Bottone EJ, 2010]计算样品中培养的微生物数量，并在接种样品的三个平行上取平均值。年平均培养微生物数量以平均值±置信区间计算，t-Student 's的显著性水平为95% (p < 0.05)。在不同的观测年份(1998年至今)中，气溶胶样品中形成孢子的培养细菌的百分比变化显著:在高海拔样品中，最小值和最大值分别为0.5%(2005年)和55%(2011年)，在地面样品中，最小值和最大值分别为0.1%(2002年)和83%(2016年)(见图1和2)。微生物总浓度的年平均值范围为< 1至5×105 CFU/m3。蜡样菌群的数量也因样品而异，平均占分离微生物总数的0.01%至6.5%。从2016年秋季哈萨克斯坦西南风天气期间采集的地面和高空气溶胶样品中分离出2.025株细菌，其中62株形成内生孢子，其特征是粉尘成分含量增加。 形成孢子的细菌被鉴定为芽孢杆菌属、类芽孢杆菌属、短芽孢杆菌属、溶孢杆菌属等。高空和地面气溶胶样本均显示含有蜡样芽孢杆菌(Bc)和苏云金芽孢杆菌(Bt)， Bt ssp。kurstaki, Bt ssp。galleriae亚种;还发现了血清型不确定的Bt菌株。值得注意的是，没有发现炭疽芽孢杆菌(见表1)。酶分泌筛选显示，在5.0 ~ 9.0的培养基中，Bt和Bc菌株具有明显的蛋白水解、磷酸酶、脂肪酶和淀粉水解活性(见表2)。分离到苏云金芽孢杆菌Cb-527非典型菌株，其RNase高产。所有菌株均表现出溶血能力，对抗生素多重耐药(耐药6-15种药物(见表3))，并不同程度抑制病原菌白色念珠菌的生长。Bt Cb-527菌株以及几种Bc菌株也能有效抑制金黄色葡萄球菌和枯草芽孢杆菌革兰氏阳性试验菌株的生长。革兰氏阴性细菌试验菌株对所研究的Bc和Bt菌株代谢物的作用不敏感(见表4)。在所研究的大气气溶胶的高海拔和地面样品中，蜡样芽孢杆菌和苏云金芽孢杆菌属蜡样菌群的细菌数量占实验条件下分离的培养微生物总数的0.01 - 6.5%。发现了这些分类群中典型的攻击酶，如磷脂酶、溶血酶、蛋白酶和溶核酶。我们分离出具有高水平分泌具有抗生素活性的酶和代谢物的Bc和Bt菌株;这些菌株很有希望成为生产者。苏云金芽孢杆菌Cb-527菌株(具有明显的RNase复合物分泌)可用于抗rna含病毒药物的开发。分离的Bc和Bt菌株显示出多种抗生素耐药，这证实了文献数据中所鉴定的天然微生物分离株中多耐药的患病率日益增加。本文包含4张图，4张表，41篇参考文献。
{"title":"Occurrence and characteristics of Bacillus cereus group bacterial atmospheric aerosols in Novosibirsk region","authors":"I. Andreeva, Aleksandr S. Safatov, L. Puchkova, E. Emelyanova, N. Solovyanova, G. Buryak, V. Ternovoi","doi":"10.17223/19988591/56/3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17223/19988591/56/3","url":null,"abstract":"The microbial diversity of atmospheric bioaerosols involves microorganisms that can cause allergic and infectious diseases or toxic effects. They include bacteria of the Bacillus cereus group (B. cereus, B. thuringiensis, B. anthracis, B. mycoides, B. pseudomycoides, etc.), which can result in diarrhea, pneumonia, meningitis, septicemia, and other infectious diseases. Accordingly, monitoring the presence of Bacillus cereus group bacteria in aerosols is critical. However, practically no data exist on Bacillus cereus and other cereus-group bacteria in southwestern Siberia’s poorly investigated atmospheric aerosol environment. Bacteria of the cereus group are capable of effective production of various biologically active compounds, with important implications for biotechnology; microorganism strains with new capabilities are being investigated. This study aimed to determine the occurrence and characteristics of B. cereus group bacteria in ground-level and high-altitude atmospheric aerosols in Novosibirsk region of southwestern Siberia, and to evaluate the biotechnological potential of the obtained microbial isolates. High-altitude atmospheric samples were collected over Karakan Pine Forest, approximately 50 km south of Novosibirsk, at altitudes of 7000, 5500, 4000, 2000, 1500, 1000, and 500 m, by aircraft sounding. Вoundaries of the aircraft flight path: 54° 26'38'' N, 82° 30'47'' E; 54°10'55'' N, 81° 44'00'' E. Ground-level samples were collected at various sites in Koltsovo settlement, Novosibirsk region. Impingers with a flow rate of 50 L/min containing 50 ml of Hanks’ solution were used for air sampling. The obtained aerosol samples were sown on a set of nutrient media and incubated at 28–30°C and 6–10 °C. The titers of microorganisms in high-altitude and ground-level samples were determined in terms of 1 m3 of atmospheric air. Standard microbiological methods were employed to study the phenotypic characteristics of the identified microbial isolates. Lipolytic activity was determined on yolk agar and LB agarized medium containing fatty acid esters with 0.01% CaCl2 . The substrates used were 1.0% monolaurate (tween-20) and monooleate (tween-80). Amylolytic activity of the cultures was determined by their isolation on starch-ammonia agar, and proteolytic activity by their ability to hydrolyse milk gelatin and casein (Maniatis T et al., 1984). The ability to hemolysis was taken into account when cultures were plated on LB medium with the addition of ram’s blood. Nuclease activity was studied on LB medium with the addition of Sigma DNA (USA) (Maniatis T et al., 1984). The content of plasmid DNA in the isolates was determined by screening according to Maniatis T et al. (1984). The capacity for RNAase secretion in culture medium (peptone - 9.27 g/l, yeast extract - 5 g/l, NaCl - 3.00; 10 ml of 50% glycerin, 2 ml of 20% glucose; pH 7.07.2) during cultivation of bacteria at 30 °С, for 18-24 h, was determined by the accumulation of acid-soluble products,","PeriodicalId":37153,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Tomskogo Gosudarstvennogo Universiteta-Biologiya","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88135871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Knowledge of ecological parameters of the population, which are associated with the use of the animal territory, is important for developing a plan for the conservation and sustainable use of the brown bear (Ursus arctos Linnaeus, 1758). Daily movement is a parameter used in calculating the number of animals. Formerly in Russia, the movement of animals by radio telemetry was studied only in the Sikhote-Alin, whereas for Kamchatka and Sakhalin this issue is considered for the first time. The aim of this work was to assess and characterize daily movements of brown bears in Kamchatka and Sakhalin. The study included determination of the average distance over which the bears shifted for one day during the year, the seasons and each of the months of the nonhibernating period; assessment of the possibility of using a linear model to determine the approximated daily movement of animals; revelation of types of daily movements of bears and factors on which they depend. The studies were carried out in two regions of Kamchatka Krai (54°25ꞌ50ꞌꞌN, 160°08ꞌ22ꞌꞌE; 56°49ꞌ35ꞌꞌN, 159°59ꞌ08ꞌꞌE) and in Sakhalin Oblast (50°36ꞌ18ꞌꞌN, 143°41ꞌ48ꞌꞌE) in 2005-2012 (See Fig. 1). The collars (LOTEK GPS 4400) were put on seven brown bears (See Table 1). Collars were programmed to determine their location by GPS-receiver once every 1-3 hours. To characterize the movements, the daily linear distance was determined, which was the distance between the pairs of GPS positions of each bear, the time interval between which was about a day. Bear daily linear distances were determined 1031 times. For two females from Sakhalin, two values were calculated for 70 days: the sum of 24 segments of the movement (approximated daily movement) and the distance between the first and last positions (daily linear distance). The ratio of these two parameters reflects, at least, how many times the distance actually covered by animals exceeds its daily displacement in space. Using the parameters of the approximated daily movement and daily linear distances allowed us to build a linear model in the R program to predict the first parameter for those days when only the second parameter was known. This made it possible to predict the approximated daily movement, which took into account the tortuosity of the movement for those days when only the daily linear distance was known. The study was conducted in compliance with ethical requirements when working with animals. Data on daily movements over the whole year were obtained for two females from Kamchatka and two females from Sakhalin. In Kamchatka, the average daily linear distances of females during the year were significantly higher than in Sakhalin and averaged 1812 and 967 m, respectively. In spring, the daily linear distances of females in both regions were less than in the summer and autumn periods (See Table 2). The smallest movement activity of female bears was observed in April-May and October-November (See Tables 3 and 4). There were relatively m
{"title":"Daily movements of Brown bears (Ursus arctos) in Kamchatka and Sakhalin","authors":"I. Seryodkin","doi":"10.17223/19988591/49/6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17223/19988591/49/6","url":null,"abstract":"Knowledge of ecological parameters of the population, which are associated with the use of the animal territory, is important for developing a plan for the conservation and sustainable use of the brown bear (Ursus arctos Linnaeus, 1758). Daily movement is a parameter used in calculating the number of animals. Formerly in Russia, the movement of animals by radio telemetry was studied only in the Sikhote-Alin, whereas for Kamchatka and Sakhalin this issue is considered for the first time. The aim of this work was to assess and characterize daily movements of brown bears in Kamchatka and Sakhalin. The study included determination of the average distance over which the bears shifted for one day during the year, the seasons and each of the months of the nonhibernating period; assessment of the possibility of using a linear model to determine the approximated daily movement of animals; revelation of types of daily movements of bears and factors on which they depend. The studies were carried out in two regions of Kamchatka Krai (54°25ꞌ50ꞌꞌN, 160°08ꞌ22ꞌꞌE; 56°49ꞌ35ꞌꞌN, 159°59ꞌ08ꞌꞌE) and in Sakhalin Oblast (50°36ꞌ18ꞌꞌN, 143°41ꞌ48ꞌꞌE) in 2005-2012 (See Fig. 1). The collars (LOTEK GPS 4400) were put on seven brown bears (See Table 1). Collars were programmed to determine their location by GPS-receiver once every 1-3 hours. To characterize the movements, the daily linear distance was determined, which was the distance between the pairs of GPS positions of each bear, the time interval between which was about a day. Bear daily linear distances were determined 1031 times. For two females from Sakhalin, two values were calculated for 70 days: the sum of 24 segments of the movement (approximated daily movement) and the distance between the first and last positions (daily linear distance). The ratio of these two parameters reflects, at least, how many times the distance actually covered by animals exceeds its daily displacement in space. Using the parameters of the approximated daily movement and daily linear distances allowed us to build a linear model in the R program to predict the first parameter for those days when only the second parameter was known. This made it possible to predict the approximated daily movement, which took into account the tortuosity of the movement for those days when only the daily linear distance was known. The study was conducted in compliance with ethical requirements when working with animals. Data on daily movements over the whole year were obtained for two females from Kamchatka and two females from Sakhalin. In Kamchatka, the average daily linear distances of females during the year were significantly higher than in Sakhalin and averaged 1812 and 967 m, respectively. In spring, the daily linear distances of females in both regions were less than in the summer and autumn periods (See Table 2). The smallest movement activity of female bears was observed in April-May and October-November (See Tables 3 and 4). There were relatively m","PeriodicalId":37153,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Tomskogo Gosudarstvennogo Universiteta-Biologiya","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85437937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Monakhov, Aleksander Ya. Bondarev, O. Y. Tyuten’kov
Over a period of about 30 years, a new population has appeared in the area of the pine marten. This grouping of species is formed by a natural expansion of animals from the adjacent territories of Novosibirsk region or Kazakhstan. The animal inhabited areas unusual for it: pine forests and adjacent birch-aspen woods in the plain forest-steppe of the south-eastern part of Altai Krai (See Fig. 1). The first marten traces were recorded in the mid-1980s near Shadrukha village in Uglovskiy district. The first animal was caught in 1988 in the vicinity of Novo-Uglovskoe village. In 2013, the first population counts were carried out revealing 383 martens. 2249 martens lived in the region in the spring 2019. The newly formed group is poorly studied in zoological terms, and we make an attempt to eliminate this omission. We studied the first representative pine marten hunting sample obtained in 2016- 2019 from the Altai ribbon pine forest population (Barnaul band, 52°42ꞌN and 82°10ꞌE). We applied the classical zoological techniques used during collecting the biological materials (incomplete anatomical autopsy, measuring animal body and its parts, preparation of craniological collection samples). The average popultion parameters of the marten grouping were obtained and studied: body length, tail length, baculum length, 17 craniometric traits for males and females (See Tables 1 and 2). The age of animals was determined by the method of Timofeev-Nadeev (1955) on the development of sagittal and occipital crests on the frontal and parietal bones of the skull. For all mean values, basic statistics was calculated (Х ± m х and CV). Differences were taken as statistically significant at the level of 5% (p < 0.05). Difference testing and cluster analysis of craniometric data (UPGMA, unweighted method of pairwise average) were carried out in Stat Soft STATISTICA 8.0 package. To assess sexual dimorphism, we used the I SD indicator proposed by Rossolimo and Pavlinov (1974): I SD = 100(X♂–X♀)/ X♀, where: ISD is the value (ISD index) of sexual dimorphism, expressed as a percentage; X♂ and X♀ are the mean values of traits for males and females, respectively. As a result of our research we established that the mean values of the studied morphological traits of adult martens from the Altai ribbon pine forest population are as follows: body length 43.95 mm, tail length 22.35 mm in males and 40.2 and 20.12 in females, respectively; the length of the baculum (8 males) 43.04 mm; condylobasal skull length 84.5 mm in males and 77.7 mm in females. The obtained data were compared with the characteristics of some of East and West European populations of the species, information about which was found in literary sources (See Tables 3 and 4). A cluster analysis of 17 populations by skull size showed (See Fig. 2) that Altai pine martens are classified into same cluster with large martens from the Caucasus and Lithuania, exceeding in size many of East European populations with a condylo
{"title":"On the Pine marten (Martes martes) morphology in the Upper Ob River basin","authors":"V. Monakhov, Aleksander Ya. Bondarev, O. Y. Tyuten’kov","doi":"10.17223/19988591/49/5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17223/19988591/49/5","url":null,"abstract":"Over a period of about 30 years, a new population has appeared in the area of the pine marten. This grouping of species is formed by a natural expansion of animals from the adjacent territories of Novosibirsk region or Kazakhstan. The animal inhabited areas unusual for it: pine forests and adjacent birch-aspen woods in the plain forest-steppe of the south-eastern part of Altai Krai (See Fig. 1). The first marten traces were recorded in the mid-1980s near Shadrukha village in Uglovskiy district. The first animal was caught in 1988 in the vicinity of Novo-Uglovskoe village. In 2013, the first population counts were carried out revealing 383 martens. 2249 martens lived in the region in the spring 2019. The newly formed group is poorly studied in zoological terms, and we make an attempt to eliminate this omission. We studied the first representative pine marten hunting sample obtained in 2016- 2019 from the Altai ribbon pine forest population (Barnaul band, 52°42ꞌN and 82°10ꞌE). We applied the classical zoological techniques used during collecting the biological materials (incomplete anatomical autopsy, measuring animal body and its parts, preparation of craniological collection samples). The average popultion parameters of the marten grouping were obtained and studied: body length, tail length, baculum length, 17 craniometric traits for males and females (See Tables 1 and 2). The age of animals was determined by the method of Timofeev-Nadeev (1955) on the development of sagittal and occipital crests on the frontal and parietal bones of the skull. For all mean values, basic statistics was calculated (Х ± m х and CV). Differences were taken as statistically significant at the level of 5% (p < 0.05). Difference testing and cluster analysis of craniometric data (UPGMA, unweighted method of pairwise average) were carried out in Stat Soft STATISTICA 8.0 package. To assess sexual dimorphism, we used the I SD indicator proposed by Rossolimo and Pavlinov (1974): I SD = 100(X♂–X♀)/ X♀, where: ISD is the value (ISD index) of sexual dimorphism, expressed as a percentage; X♂ and X♀ are the mean values of traits for males and females, respectively. As a result of our research we established that the mean values of the studied morphological traits of adult martens from the Altai ribbon pine forest population are as follows: body length 43.95 mm, tail length 22.35 mm in males and 40.2 and 20.12 in females, respectively; the length of the baculum (8 males) 43.04 mm; condylobasal skull length 84.5 mm in males and 77.7 mm in females. The obtained data were compared with the characteristics of some of East and West European populations of the species, information about which was found in literary sources (See Tables 3 and 4). A cluster analysis of 17 populations by skull size showed (See Fig. 2) that Altai pine martens are classified into same cluster with large martens from the Caucasus and Lithuania, exceeding in size many of East European populations with a condylo","PeriodicalId":37153,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Tomskogo Gosudarstvennogo Universiteta-Biologiya","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90756558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study of the intraspecific structure allows a deeper understanding of the evolution of living organisms and the features of the formation of biodiversity. Knowledge of the population structure of the hunting object is necessary to make a prediction of the abundance and to extrapolate the results of the abundance counts and to determine the species resources. The possibility of establishing the boundaries of populations by phenotypic traits in the red squirrel has not yet been studied. The aim of the research was to study the possibility of using the occurrence of animals with different tail colors as a marker for identifying spatial population groups of the species in Southern Siberia. The study area covered the southwestern extremity of the West Siberian lowland and a significant part of the Altai-Sayan mountain country (Kuznetsk Alatau, Altai, East and West Sayans). At 44 sites located in different environmental conditions, 6153 squirrel skins, shot by hunters in 1979, 1980 and 1995, were selected. The places of material collection are indicated by numbers (See Fig. 1). The following morphs were identified by hair color: black tail, black-brown tail, brown tail and red tail. The color was determined visually by the general background from the dorsal side of the tail; later, samples were checked according to the RAL Classic catalog. The phenotypic composition of squirrels at 43 sites is presented in Table 1. By the method of cluster analysis, the samples were compared with each other, the distance between them in a multidimensional space was determined, and then they were grouped by the similarity index. The calculations were performed in the StatSoft STATISTICA 13.3. The analysis was used to find groups of objects (clusters) that are similar in phenotypic composition. Based on the results of these calculations, a dendrogram was obtained illustrating the closeness of the samples to each other (See Fig. 2). To establish the dependence of the phenotypic composition of the population on forest conditions, the nature of woody vegetation was studied according to the materials of the Forestry Regulation of the forestry of the administrative region where the material was collected. The correlation between the studied traits was studied according to the above program. By the method of cluster analysis according to the similarity index of squirrel populations by phenotypic composition, 11 clusters were identified in the studied area (See Table 1). Clusters have a specific phenotypic composition. The samples included in one cluster statistically reliably belong to one population. Each cluster in the phenotypic composition is statistically significantly different from the others. On the geographic map, by delineating the places where the material was collected in the same aggregate, the boundaries between the clusters were determined (See Fig. 3). The resulting formations had a narrow elongated shape. In some cases, their length reached 780 km, and the
{"title":"Spatial phenotypic structure of Red squirrel (Sciurus vulgaris) populations in the Altai-Sayan part of the area","authors":"B.K. Kelbeshekov","doi":"10.17223/19988591/49/4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17223/19988591/49/4","url":null,"abstract":"The study of the intraspecific structure allows a deeper understanding of the evolution of living organisms and the features of the formation of biodiversity. Knowledge of the population structure of the hunting object is necessary to make a prediction of the abundance and to extrapolate the results of the abundance counts and to determine the species resources. The possibility of establishing the boundaries of populations by phenotypic traits in the red squirrel has not yet been studied. The aim of the research was to study the possibility of using the occurrence of animals with different tail colors as a marker for identifying spatial population groups of the species in Southern Siberia. The study area covered the southwestern extremity of the West Siberian lowland and a significant part of the Altai-Sayan mountain country (Kuznetsk Alatau, Altai, East and West Sayans). At 44 sites located in different environmental conditions, 6153 squirrel skins, shot by hunters in 1979, 1980 and 1995, were selected. The places of material collection are indicated by numbers (See Fig. 1). The following morphs were identified by hair color: black tail, black-brown tail, brown tail and red tail. The color was determined visually by the general background from the dorsal side of the tail; later, samples were checked according to the RAL Classic catalog. The phenotypic composition of squirrels at 43 sites is presented in Table 1. By the method of cluster analysis, the samples were compared with each other, the distance between them in a multidimensional space was determined, and then they were grouped by the similarity index. The calculations were performed in the StatSoft STATISTICA 13.3. The analysis was used to find groups of objects (clusters) that are similar in phenotypic composition. Based on the results of these calculations, a dendrogram was obtained illustrating the closeness of the samples to each other (See Fig. 2). To establish the dependence of the phenotypic composition of the population on forest conditions, the nature of woody vegetation was studied according to the materials of the Forestry Regulation of the forestry of the administrative region where the material was collected. The correlation between the studied traits was studied according to the above program. By the method of cluster analysis according to the similarity index of squirrel populations by phenotypic composition, 11 clusters were identified in the studied area (See Table 1). Clusters have a specific phenotypic composition. The samples included in one cluster statistically reliably belong to one population. Each cluster in the phenotypic composition is statistically significantly different from the others. On the geographic map, by delineating the places where the material was collected in the same aggregate, the boundaries between the clusters were determined (See Fig. 3). The resulting formations had a narrow elongated shape. In some cases, their length reached 780 km, and the","PeriodicalId":37153,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Tomskogo Gosudarstvennogo Universiteta-Biologiya","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82288514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Chepinoga, O. Anenkhonov, E. Sofronova, A. Sofronov, B. Korotyaev, Ilya A. Makhov
The East Asian tree Ulmus japonica (Rehder) Sarg. is a nemoral relict species for Western Transbaikalia (See Fig. 1). A few localities of this tree are known in the region, those in the lower reaches of the Selenga River (Yugovo site; Republic of Buryatia) and the Chikoy River (Zhindo site; Zabaikalskii Krai), remote from the main distribution area (See Fig. 2). The study aimed to verify the distribution of U. japonica and to estimate the value of U. japonica communities for biodiversity conservation in the region. Based on the data collected, we discussed some opportunities and suggested approaches for the protection of these unique ecosystems. During the fieldwork in 2018 and 2019, we studied all known localities of U. japonica in Western Transbaikalia and revealed a pleiad of new locations within the site Yugovo as well as a new location (the site Murochi) in the Chikoy River valley within the Republic of Buryatia (See Fig. 2 and 3). Information on the occurrence of U. japonica in the vicinity of Podlopatki village (in the Khilok River valley) was not confirmed. Also, our attempts to find this species at the site within the Barguzin River valley according to the label of the existing herbarium specimen failed. Based on 93 relevés, we examined species composition in woodlands where U. japonica is a codominant species and revealed the main features and peculiarities of the communities in the region. At all sites, monodominant coppices of U. japonica and coenoses where it is mixed with Padus avium Mill. occurred. Nevertheless, Ulmus japonica communities from the site Yugovo differ from those of Zhindo and Murochi in a greater phytocoenotic diversity and the composition of characteristic plant species. Additionally, at Yugovo rather xeromesophytic sparse communities where U. japonica is mixed with Pinus sylvestris L. and Betula platyphylla Sukaczev were found. Characteristic species of shrub and herbal layers at Yugovo site are Carex arnellii Christ ex Scheutz, Circaea lutetiana L., Elymus pendulinus (Nevski) Tzvelev, Festuca extremiorientalis Ohwi, Filipendula palmata (Pall.) Maxim., Hesperis sibirica L., Lamium album subsp. orientale Kamelin & A.L. Budantzev, whereas at Zhindo and Murochi they are Anemonidium dichotomum (L.) Holub, Carex sordida Van Heurck & Müll. Arg, Menispermum dauricum DC., Rhamnus davurica Pall., and Rubia cordifolia L. According to our studies supplemented with data from the literature sources, there are 16 species of vascular plants, lichens, beetles, and lepidopterans registered in Ulmus japonicaforests that are included in the Federal and/or in regional Red Data Books (See Table 1). We have revealed 31 additional rare and relict species of plants, fungi and insects (See Table 2). In total, 19 species were found in Western Transbaikalia or within this plant community type for the first time. The newly revealed rare and relict species could be recommended for listing in the regional Red Data Book or inclusion in the list
{"title":"Ulmus japonica (Ulmaceae) communities in Western Transbaikalia: Distribution, value for biodiversity conservation and perspectives of protection","authors":"V. Chepinoga, O. Anenkhonov, E. Sofronova, A. Sofronov, B. Korotyaev, Ilya A. Makhov","doi":"10.17223/19988591/52/6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17223/19988591/52/6","url":null,"abstract":"The East Asian tree Ulmus japonica (Rehder) Sarg. is a nemoral relict species for Western Transbaikalia (See Fig. 1). A few localities of this tree are known in the region, those in the lower reaches of the Selenga River (Yugovo site; Republic of Buryatia) and the Chikoy River (Zhindo site; Zabaikalskii Krai), remote from the main distribution area (See Fig. 2). The study aimed to verify the distribution of U. japonica and to estimate the value of U. japonica communities for biodiversity conservation in the region. Based on the data collected, we discussed some opportunities and suggested approaches for the protection of these unique ecosystems. During the fieldwork in 2018 and 2019, we studied all known localities of U. japonica in Western Transbaikalia and revealed a pleiad of new locations within the site Yugovo as well as a new location (the site Murochi) in the Chikoy River valley within the Republic of Buryatia (See Fig. 2 and 3). Information on the occurrence of U. japonica in the vicinity of Podlopatki village (in the Khilok River valley) was not confirmed. Also, our attempts to find this species at the site within the Barguzin River valley according to the label of the existing herbarium specimen failed. Based on 93 relevés, we examined species composition in woodlands where U. japonica is a codominant species and revealed the main features and peculiarities of the communities in the region. At all sites, monodominant coppices of U. japonica and coenoses where it is mixed with Padus avium Mill. occurred. Nevertheless, Ulmus japonica communities from the site Yugovo differ from those of Zhindo and Murochi in a greater phytocoenotic diversity and the composition of characteristic plant species. Additionally, at Yugovo rather xeromesophytic sparse communities where U. japonica is mixed with Pinus sylvestris L. and Betula platyphylla Sukaczev were found. Characteristic species of shrub and herbal layers at Yugovo site are Carex arnellii Christ ex Scheutz, Circaea lutetiana L., Elymus pendulinus (Nevski) Tzvelev, Festuca extremiorientalis Ohwi, Filipendula palmata (Pall.) Maxim., Hesperis sibirica L., Lamium album subsp. orientale Kamelin & A.L. Budantzev, whereas at Zhindo and Murochi they are Anemonidium dichotomum (L.) Holub, Carex sordida Van Heurck & Müll. Arg, Menispermum dauricum DC., Rhamnus davurica Pall., and Rubia cordifolia L. According to our studies supplemented with data from the literature sources, there are 16 species of vascular plants, lichens, beetles, and lepidopterans registered in Ulmus japonicaforests that are included in the Federal and/or in regional Red Data Books (See Table 1). We have revealed 31 additional rare and relict species of plants, fungi and insects (See Table 2). In total, 19 species were found in Western Transbaikalia or within this plant community type for the first time. The newly revealed rare and relict species could be recommended for listing in the regional Red Data Book or inclusion in the list ","PeriodicalId":37153,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Tomskogo Gosudarstvennogo Universiteta-Biologiya","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84636868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The lepidopteran pest community composition on cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. ) as the main vegetable crop in the conditions of southwestern Siberia was presented. In 2015-2019, the dominant cabbage pests were diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella L. ) and cabbage moth (Mamestra brassicae L. ). The continuous application of insecticides against the cabbage pests along with climatic factors led to a change in insect species community composition. This was manifested as an increase in the number of the diamondback moth and a decrease in the abundance of other Lepidoptera species. The mean number of diamondback moths varied from 0.06 (in a year of low numbers) to 1.4 specimens per plant (in years of outbreaks), and for cabbage moth - 0.12 (2015) and 0.43 (2016), respectively. In commercial cabbage field, both egg-laying and caterpillars of Pieris brassicae L. and P. rapae L. were found as a single individual. During the years of research, we noted earlier diamondback moth and cabbage moth appearance dates in the field. More frequent diamondback moth outbreaks were observed. The period of cabbage damage by the diamondback moth lasted longer than usual during the growing seasons due to an increase in the number of insect generations in the conditions of the southwestern Siberia. paper 2
{"title":"Environmental and anthropogenic factors influencing key cabbage Lepidopteran pests in the southwestern Siberia","authors":"I. Andreeva, E. I. Shatalova, M. Shternshis","doi":"10.17223/19988591/51/11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17223/19988591/51/11","url":null,"abstract":"The lepidopteran pest community composition on cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. ) as the main vegetable crop in the conditions of southwestern Siberia was presented. In 2015-2019, the dominant cabbage pests were diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella L. ) and cabbage moth (Mamestra brassicae L. ). The continuous application of insecticides against the cabbage pests along with climatic factors led to a change in insect species community composition. This was manifested as an increase in the number of the diamondback moth and a decrease in the abundance of other Lepidoptera species. The mean number of diamondback moths varied from 0.06 (in a year of low numbers) to 1.4 specimens per plant (in years of outbreaks), and for cabbage moth - 0.12 (2015) and 0.43 (2016), respectively. In commercial cabbage field, both egg-laying and caterpillars of Pieris brassicae L. and P. rapae L. were found as a single individual. During the years of research, we noted earlier diamondback moth and cabbage moth appearance dates in the field. More frequent diamondback moth outbreaks were observed. The period of cabbage damage by the diamondback moth lasted longer than usual during the growing seasons due to an increase in the number of insect generations in the conditions of the southwestern Siberia. paper 2","PeriodicalId":37153,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Tomskogo Gosudarstvennogo Universiteta-Biologiya","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76056154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Modern botanical studies revealing patterns of plant species distribution are based on analysis of big datasets. Despite publishing many maps of diversity and species richness on the global scale and for huge biogeographic regions of the world, the territories of Northern and Central Asia remain poorly studied. We elaborated a special database, including distribution of 19 Oxytropis species of the section Xerobia with 1353 localitites (See Fig. 1). For all species, we analyzed their whole distribution range, including data from Kazakhstan, Mongolia and China. Species distribution was detected according to the main foreign and Russian herbaria, online databases, field data and relevés. Species distribution modeling was performed using Maxent 3.3.3k with MIROC-ESM model in resolution of 2.5 arc-minutes. 19 BIOCLIM and 18 ENVIREM variables were analyzed. Past climate change was evaluated using ENVIREM variables for the Mid-Holocene (ca. 6.000 yr. BP) and the Last Glacial Maximum (ca. 22.000 yr. BP). Future distribution modeling was carried out basing on different climatic scenarios, according to IPCC AR5: RCP8.5, RCP2.6 and RCP6.0. Species distribution from the section Xerobia mostly occupied the territory of Central Asia (See Fig. 1). Few species, such as Oxytropis grandiflora (Pall.) DC. and O. leptophylla (Pall.) DC., were mostly found in the western part of Xerobia section distribution on the territory of Zabaykal’skiy region of Russia, Eastern province of Mongolia and Inner Mongolia province of China. The most part of Xerobia species have isolated distribution and often occupy specific habitats. In such case, using SDM with only bioclimatic variables for local endemic species is pointless. So, we chose species Oxytropis ampullata (Pall.) Pers. (See Fig. 2) with Central Asian distribution and O. grandiflora with Manchuro-Dahurian distribution for modeling (See Fig. 3A). The selected species differ in their ecology: O. ampullata is a mountainous species, whereas most habitats for O. grandiflora are river valleys and mid-mountainous regions. Our analysis showed that ENVIREM variables provide more correct modeling results than BIOCLIM variables (See Fig. 2). Predictive maps on the basis of BIOCLIM variables showed wide potential distribution for O. ampullata, which does not correspond well to the species ecology. The main habitats for this species are such mountainous regions as the Khangai mountains, the Russian and the Mongolian Altai mountains, the Dzhungarian mountains, and the Tarbagatai ridge. Additionally, modeling showed potential distribution for the species in the Selenga river valley. Modern distribution of O. grandiflora was studied quite well; suitable habitats with new localities for the species can be found in the Khentii mountains (See Fig. 3A). The determinants for O. ampullata are mean annual temperature, isothermality and potential evapotranspiration (PET) of the driest and coldest quarter (See Table 1). PET parameters in the dri
{"title":"Species distribution modeling for the section Xerobia Bunge of the genus Oxytropis DC. on the territory of Central Asia under past and future climate change","authors":"D. Sandanov, Anastasia S. Dugarova, I. Selyutina","doi":"10.17223/19988591/52/5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17223/19988591/52/5","url":null,"abstract":"Modern botanical studies revealing patterns of plant species distribution are based on analysis of big datasets. Despite publishing many maps of diversity and species richness on the global scale and for huge biogeographic regions of the world, the territories of Northern and Central Asia remain poorly studied. We elaborated a special database, including distribution of 19 Oxytropis species of the section Xerobia with 1353 localitites (See Fig. 1). For all species, we analyzed their whole distribution range, including data from Kazakhstan, Mongolia and China. Species distribution was detected according to the main foreign and Russian herbaria, online databases, field data and relevés. Species distribution modeling was performed using Maxent 3.3.3k with MIROC-ESM model in resolution of 2.5 arc-minutes. 19 BIOCLIM and 18 ENVIREM variables were analyzed. Past climate change was evaluated using ENVIREM variables for the Mid-Holocene (ca. 6.000 yr. BP) and the Last Glacial Maximum (ca. 22.000 yr. BP). Future distribution modeling was carried out basing on different climatic scenarios, according to IPCC AR5: RCP8.5, RCP2.6 and RCP6.0. Species distribution from the section Xerobia mostly occupied the territory of Central Asia (See Fig. 1). Few species, such as Oxytropis grandiflora (Pall.) DC. and O. leptophylla (Pall.) DC., were mostly found in the western part of Xerobia section distribution on the territory of Zabaykal’skiy region of Russia, Eastern province of Mongolia and Inner Mongolia province of China. The most part of Xerobia species have isolated distribution and often occupy specific habitats. In such case, using SDM with only bioclimatic variables for local endemic species is pointless. So, we chose species Oxytropis ampullata (Pall.) Pers. (See Fig. 2) with Central Asian distribution and O. grandiflora with Manchuro-Dahurian distribution for modeling (See Fig. 3A). The selected species differ in their ecology: O. ampullata is a mountainous species, whereas most habitats for O. grandiflora are river valleys and mid-mountainous regions. Our analysis showed that ENVIREM variables provide more correct modeling results than BIOCLIM variables (See Fig. 2). Predictive maps on the basis of BIOCLIM variables showed wide potential distribution for O. ampullata, which does not correspond well to the species ecology. The main habitats for this species are such mountainous regions as the Khangai mountains, the Russian and the Mongolian Altai mountains, the Dzhungarian mountains, and the Tarbagatai ridge. Additionally, modeling showed potential distribution for the species in the Selenga river valley. Modern distribution of O. grandiflora was studied quite well; suitable habitats with new localities for the species can be found in the Khentii mountains (See Fig. 3A). The determinants for O. ampullata are mean annual temperature, isothermality and potential evapotranspiration (PET) of the driest and coldest quarter (See Table 1). PET parameters in the dri","PeriodicalId":37153,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Tomskogo Gosudarstvennogo Universiteta-Biologiya","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86571926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper presents the results of an experiment measuring the tree root system architecture using ground-penetrating radar. of the root system in the soil-ground massif was determined. Also, we established the influence of the bedding roof depth of crystalline rocks on the ontogenesis of a tree. The results obtained prove that GPR is a promising method for studying the underground areas of trees, which provide the possibility to analyze the root system without excavation. Such studies may prove useful in the future for both solving agricultural technology and forest management tasks, as well as for green spaces control in urban areas.
{"title":"Detection of the tree root system architecture using Ground penetrating radar","authors":"P. Ryazantsev, A. Kabonen, A. Rodionov","doi":"10.17223/19988591/51/10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17223/19988591/51/10","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the results of an experiment measuring the tree root system architecture using ground-penetrating radar. of the root system in the soil-ground massif was determined. Also, we established the influence of the bedding roof depth of crystalline rocks on the ontogenesis of a tree. The results obtained prove that GPR is a promising method for studying the underground areas of trees, which provide the possibility to analyze the root system without excavation. Such studies may prove useful in the future for both solving agricultural technology and forest management tasks, as well as for green spaces control in urban areas.","PeriodicalId":37153,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Tomskogo Gosudarstvennogo Universiteta-Biologiya","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86741639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Humic substances, isolated from selected soils of the Russian Arctic, were investigated in terms of molecular composition and stabilization rate. The degree of polar soil organic matter stabilization was assessed with the use of modern instrumental spectroscopy methods. The analysis of humic acid (HAs) preparations showed that aliphatic fragments prevail in the organic matter isolated in polar soils. The predominance of aliphatic fragments was revealed in HAs from soils located in the coastal zone, which could be caused by regular refreshment of organic matter during sin-lithogenic process and processes of hydrogenation in HAs. Breaking of the C-C bonds and formation of chains with a high hydrogen content, which leads to the formation of aliphatic fragments in HAs, were noted. Data on the calculated atomic ratios of the elements in HAs are given and graphs show the main regularities in the formation of HAs and their properties. The integrated indicators of the molecular composition of humic acids of soils of the Russian Arctic are presented. The paper contains 4 Tables, 4 Figures and 44 References.
{"title":"Molecular and elemental composition of humic acids isolated from selected soils of the Russian Arctic","authors":"V. Polyakov, N. A. Chegodaeva, E. Abakumov","doi":"10.17223/19988591/47/1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17223/19988591/47/1","url":null,"abstract":"Humic substances, isolated from selected soils of the Russian Arctic, were investigated in terms of molecular composition and stabilization rate. The degree of polar soil organic matter stabilization was assessed with the use of modern instrumental spectroscopy methods. The analysis of humic acid (HAs) preparations showed that aliphatic fragments prevail in the organic matter isolated in polar soils. The predominance of aliphatic fragments was revealed in HAs from soils located in the coastal zone, which could be caused by regular refreshment of organic matter during sin-lithogenic process and processes of hydrogenation in HAs. Breaking of the C-C bonds and formation of chains with a high hydrogen content, which leads to the formation of aliphatic fragments in HAs, were noted. Data on the calculated atomic ratios of the elements in HAs are given and graphs show the main regularities in the formation of HAs and their properties. The integrated indicators of the molecular composition of humic acids of soils of the Russian Arctic are presented. The paper contains 4 Tables, 4 Figures and 44 References.","PeriodicalId":37153,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Tomskogo Gosudarstvennogo Universiteta-Biologiya","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82655948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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